# Omni-American Commons A public, agent-facing Markdown export of the Omni-American Commons. This file is intended for readers and chatbots that need the full Commons catalog in one portable document. It includes bibliographic source records, citations, annotations, topic/entity WikiGraph pages, source sidecars, topic counts, related entities, and release metadata. It does not include raw PDFs, EPUBs, DOCX files, scans, source-export files, derived full-source Markdown artifacts, chunks, embeddings, private Storage object keys, retrieved passages, or full source texts. ## Release - **Generated:** 2026-07-29T06:56:27.523Z - **Sources:** 1953 - **Topics:** 67 - **WikiGraph pages:** 421 - **Source sidecars:** 1184 - **Release ID:** release_20260721041515_2ed9573a - **Release created:** Tue Jul 21 2026 04:15:17 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) - **Git commit:** bd3f21c - **Release notes:** [object Object] ## Topic Index - “Acting white” (5 sources) - “Authenticity” (14 sources) - 1619 Project (26 sources) - Academia (29 sources) - Affirmative Action (14 sources) - Afrocentrism (2 sources) - Afropessimism (5 sources) - Allyship (2 sources) - Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) (60 sources) - Art & literature (66 sources) - Black America, state of (8 sources) - Black intellectual history (27 sources) - Black Lives Matter (38 sources) - Black Nationalism (3 sources) - Blackface (2 sources) - Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) (9 sources) - Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era (50 sources) - Class: see also Wealth gap (15 sources) - Colonialism / Decolonialism (11 sources) - Coronavirus / COVID-19 (5 sources) - Crime & Incarceration (14 sources) - CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) (22 sources) - Cultural Appropriation (5 sources) - DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) (24 sources) - Discrimination (see also Racism) (8 sources) - Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) (15 sources) - Economics (6 sources) - Education & Schools (105 sources) - Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) (9 sources) - Family & Marriage (37 sources) - Foreign Aid & International Development (7 sources) - Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) (29 sources) - Gentrification (2 sources) - Guns/2nd Amendment (4 sources) - Hate crime (2 sources) - Humor (2 sources) - Identity politics (5 sources) - Immigration (3 sources) - Integration (2 sources) - Intersectionality (2 sources) - Juneteenth (5 sources) - Labor (3 sources) - Lived experience (10 sources) - N-Word (7 sources) - Patriotism (14 sources) - Police (34 sources) - Politics & Activism (95 sources) - Race (46 sources) - Racism / structural racism / institutional racism (56 sources) - Religion (38 sources) - Reparations (9 sources) - Respectability politics (4 sources) - Slavery (41 sources) - Sports (6 sources) - Thirteenth Amendment (1 sources) - Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) (5 sources) - Victimhood (15 sources) - Voting / Voter Suppression (8 sources) - Wealth gap: see also Class (4 sources) - Western Civilization (4 sources) - White fragility (11 sources) - White people posing as black/non-white (2 sources) - White Privilege (10 sources) - White Saviors (2 sources) - Whiteness (13 sources) - Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) (20 sources) - Women / Feminism (14 sources) ## WikiGraph Entity Pages ### A. Philip Randolph - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # A. Philip Randolph A. Philip Randolph appears in the Commons as a civil-rights and labor strategist. His page is a bridge between the civil-rights movement, organized labor, economic citizenship, and the politics of coalition. *For Jobs and Freedom* collects speeches and writings that show Randolph's characteristic emphasis: racial equality required not only legal standing but work, wages, union power, and pressure on federal institutions. In the graph he sits close to [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), [Labor](../topics/labor.md), [Class](../topics/class.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). A chatbot should use Randolph when a question asks how the Commons connects civil rights to economic organization rather than treating the movement only as moral protest. ## Representative works - *For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph* (2014) ## Related Pages [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Labor](../topics/labor.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) · [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) ## Citations - [Randolph, A. Philip. *For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph.* Edited by Andrew Kersten and David Lucander, 2014.](../sources/randolph-a-philip-for-jobs-and-freedom-selected-speeches-and-writings-of-a-philip-randol.md) ### Abdullah bin Hamid Ali - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Abdullah bin Hamid Ali Abdullah bin Hamid Ali appears in the Commons as an Islamic scholar who examines critical race theory from a religious and philosophical standpoint. For a chatbot this page is a distinctive entry into the collection's CRT debate — a faith-based critique that comes from a Muslim rather than a Christian or secular tradition. The held work is "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" (2020), published by Lamppost. Bin Hamid Ali treats CRT as one of several postmodern philosophies whose strength is diagnostic — its "greatest utility" is deconstructing and identifying inequities — but which, in his reading, is weak at reconstruction, so that its proposed fixes remain "superficial" and can undermine CRT's own aims. He weighs the theory against Islamic principles concerning justice, human dignity, and knowledge. It anchors him to the collection's [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) and [Religion](../topics/religion.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about religious critiques of critical race theory, or specifically about how CRT is assessed from within Islamic thought. ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Samuel Sey](samuel-sey.md) · [Voddie T. Baucham Jr.](voddie-t-baucham-jr.md) ## Citations - [bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah. "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" Lamppost, 2020.](../sources/bin-hamid-ali-abdullah-how-islamic-is-critical-race-theory-2020.md) ### Abigail Ingram - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Abigail Ingram Abigail Ingram appears in the Commons through Journal of Free Black Thought essays on birthright citizenship and respectability politics. Her page is a compact bridge between civic belonging, public norms, and arguments about how Black Americans should or should not answer demands for social respectability. ## Belonging and norms Ingram's two essays should be read together as a small but coherent civic-norms cluster. One concerns the legal and moral meaning of citizenship; the other asks whether respectability politics can return as a constructive norm rather than merely a politics of deference. ## Representative works - Birthright Citizenship (2026) - The Return of Respectability Politics? (2026) ## Related Pages [Immigration](../topics/immigration.md) · [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) ## Citations - [Abigail Ingram. "The Return of Respectability Politics?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-return-of-respectability-politics.](../sources/abigail-ingram-the-return-of-respectability-politics-2026.md) - [Abigail Ingram. "Birthright Citizenship." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/birthright-citizenship.](../sources/abigail-ingram-birthright-citizenship-2026.md) ### Abram Lincoln Harris Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Abram Lincoln Harris Jr Abram Lincoln Harris Jr. gives the Commons an early Black political-economy line: labor, capitalism, socialism, business formation, and racial reform before the later civil-rights consensus hardened. His record is useful because it keeps Black intellectual history from collapsing into either cultural expression or legal equality alone. Harris should be read with the [Class](../topics/class.md), [Economics](../topics/economics.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages. *The Black Worker* and "A white and black world in American labor and politics" place him near labor-history questions; *The Negro as Capitalist* complicates any simple opposition between race uplift and markets; and *The social philosophy of Karl Marx* makes him a bridge to later materialist-left figures such as [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md). A chatbot should use Harris when a question asks how older Black thinkers treated class, labor, radicalism, and economic institutions before contemporary anti-racism or neoliberal-disparity debates. ## Representative works - "A white and black world in American labor and politics" (1925) - *The Negro Population in Minneapolis* (1926) - *The Black Worker* (1931) - *The Negro as Capitalist* (1936) - *The social philosophy of Karl Marx* (1948) ## Related Pages [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Labor](../topics/labor.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. "A white and black world in American labor and politics." *Journal of Social Forces*, 1925.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-a-white-and-black-world-in-american-labor-and-politics-1925.md) - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. *The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations*. National Urban League, 1926.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-negro-population-in-minneapolis-a-study-of-race-relations-19.md) - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. *The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement*. With Sterling Denhard Spero, 1931.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-black-worker-the-negro-and-the-labor-movement-1931.md) - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. *The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes*. The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 1936.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-negro-as-capitalist-a-study-of-banking-and-business-among-am.md) - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. *The social philosophy of Karl Marx*. University of Chicago Press, 1948.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-social-philosophy-of-karl-marx-1948.md) - [Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. *Economics and Social Reform*. Harper & Brothers, 1958.](../sources/harris-abram-lincoln-jr-economics-and-social-reform-1958.md) ### Adam B. Coleman - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Adam B. Coleman Adam B. Coleman is a contemporary popular writer in the Commons on victimhood, family, education, voting, civil-rights inheritance, and Black Lives Matter-era institutional politics. His recurring move is to reject narratives that convert Black Americans into political dependents or moral symbols while neglecting responsibility, family structure, civic confidence, and accountability. Coleman's *Black Victim to Black Victor* material makes him especially relevant to [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md). His essay on Tony Dungy connects education to fatherhood and family formation, while his voter-ID piece challenges progressive assumptions about Black civic competence. The civil-rights essay adds a sharper internal critique: public hero worship of Martin Luther King Jr. often coexists with refusal to listen to the discipline of his message. His Black Lives Matter essay adds a related institutional argument. "Corporations don't care if BLM is wasting their money - they were just buying PR" treats corporate donations after George Floyd as reputation management: firms bought the appearance of racial alignment without closely asking whether the national organization produced durable community benefit. A chatbot should use Coleman when a question asks for a popular, self-help-inflected critique of victimhood politics, or when corporate antiracism and BLM fundraising are being discussed as branding and public relations. He pairs with Ian Rowe on agency, Delano Squires on family, Jason L. Riley on politics, Robert L. Woodson on community renewal, and Sean Campbell on BLM organizational accountability. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Adam B. Coleman's page with 2 additional essays, including "Like Father, Not Like Son", "Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "The downside of the Civil Rights Movement" (2021) - *Black Victim to Black Victor* (2021/2024) - "Tony Dungy Is Right" (2022) - "John Fetterman's reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans" (2022) - "Corporations don't care if BLM is wasting their money - they were just buying PR" (2022) ## Related Pages Topics: [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) Entities: [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Sean Campbell](sean-campbell.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [John Washington](john-washington.md) ## Citations - [Coleman, Adam B. "The downside of the Civil Rights Movement." ScoonTV, 2021, https://www.scoontv.com/the-downside-of-the-civil-rights-movement/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-the-downside-of-the-civil-rights-movement-2021.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "Why is Martin Luther King Jr. given hero’s status, but we never listen to our hero’s message? Why is forgiveness seen as a weakness and resentment seen as empowerment?" Black Victim to Black Victor: Identifying the Ideologies, Behavioral Patterns and Cultural Norms That Encourage a Victimhood Complex, 2021, https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-black-victim-to-black-victor-2021.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers." The Federalist, 2022, https://thefederalist.com/2022/04/15/tony-dungy-is-right-troubled-kids-dont-just-need-better-schools-they-need-fathers/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-tony-dungy-is-right-troubled-kids-don-t-just-need-better-schools-they-nee.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans." NY Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/08/31/john-fettermans-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-insult-black-americans/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-john-fetterman-s-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-are-an-insult-to-black-ame.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "Black Victim to Black Victor." Wrong Speak Publishing, 2024, https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-black-victim-to-black-victor-2021.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR." NYPost, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/05/17/corporations-dont-care-if-blm-is-wasting-money-they-were-buying-pr/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-corporations-don-t-care-if-blm-is-wasting-their-money-they-were-just-buyi.md) - [Adam B. Coleman. "Like Father, Not Like Son." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/like-father-not-like-son.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-like-father-not-like-son-2025.md) - [Adam B. Coleman. "Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-intellectuals-are-black-americas.](../sources/opinion-black-intellectuals-are-black-america-s-conspiracy-theorists-2021.md) ### Adam Clayton Powell Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. gives the Commons a political and institutional figure: minister, congressman, civil-rights actor, and chair of the House Education and Labor Committee. His role is to connect Black political leadership to education, labor, mass politics, and the older language of faith and public courage. Powell belongs with [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). *Marching Blacks* and *Keep the Faith, Baby!* give the page its public-leadership frame, while *The New Image in Education* connects him to school and labor policy. A chatbot should use Powell when a user asks about Black congressional leadership, civil-rights-era politics, education and labor policy, or the rhetoric of faith and political courage. ## Representative works - *Marching Blacks* (1945) - *The New Image in Education* (1962) - *Keep the Faith, Baby!* (1967) - *Adam by Adam* (1971) ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) · [Vincent Harding](vincent-harding.md) ## Citations - [Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. *Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man.* 1945.](../sources/powell-adam-clayton-jr-marching-blacks-an-interpretive-history-of-the-rise-of-the-black-.md) - [Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. *The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor.* 1962.](../sources/powell-adam-clayton-jr-the-new-image-in-education-a-prospectus-for-the-future-by-the-cha.md) - [Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. *Keep the Faith, Baby!* 1967.](../sources/powell-adam-clayton-jr-keep-the-faith-baby-1967.md) - [Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. *Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr.* 1971.](../sources/powell-adam-clayton-jr-adam-by-adam-the-autobiography-of-adam-clayton-powell-jr-1971.md) ### Adaobi Tricia Obinne Nwaubani - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Adaobi Tricia Obinne Nwaubani Adaobi Tricia Obinne Nwaubani gives the Commons a personal and Nigerian-facing entry into slavery memory. Her two records both turn on the same family history: a Nigerian great-grandfather who traded enslaved people. The page is useful because it widens the slavery discussion beyond an exclusively American white/Black frame and forces attention to African participation, inheritance, and moral memory. The records belong chiefly with [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md), and [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md). A chatbot should use Nwaubani when a question asks how the Commons complicates simple oppressor/victim narratives around the slave trade, or when a user asks about African memory and family responsibility. ## Representative works - "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader" (2018) - "My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves" (2020) ## Related Pages [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) · [Orlando Patterson](orlando-patterson.md) ## Citations - [Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader." *New Yorker*, 2018.](../sources/nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader-2018.md) - [Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves." *BBC*, 2020.](../sources/nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-nigerian-great-grandfather-sold-slaves-2020.md) ### Ade D. Adeniji - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ade D. Adeniji Ade D. Adeniji is a compact culture-and-public-life voice in the Commons. The strongest record, "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics," makes him useful for questions about whether norms of self-presentation, dignity, and public behavior should be dismissed as mere accommodation or treated as a real intramural debate. The Black Fives essay gives the page a second lane: recovered Black sports history and institution-building before integration. A chatbot should use Adeniji for [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md), [Sports](../topics/sports.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), especially when a question asks how cultural memory and self-presentation fit into debates over race. ## Representative works - "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics" (2021) - "There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives" (2021) ## Related Pages [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) · [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Citations - [Adeniji, Ade D. "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics." *Newsweek*, 2021.](../sources/adeniji-ade-d-playing-devil-s-advocate-with-respectability-politics-2021.md) - [Adeniji, Ade D. "There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives." *CBS News*, 2021.](../sources/adeniji-ade-d-there-were-the-negro-leagues-and-then-there-were-the-black-fives-2021.md) ### Adolph Reed Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Adolph Reed Jr Adolph Reed Jr. is the Commons' most cross-cutting voice from the materialist left — a political scientist who argues, across decades, that race-first analysis of American inequality obscures the class dynamics that better explain it. He is not a denier of racism; his claim is that "antiracism" as a contemporary politics has become a substitute for, rather than a form of, egalitarian class politics. Because that argument touches almost every subject in the collection, his page is a hub linking [Class](../topics/class.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md), and [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md). ## Antiracism as a neoliberal alternative to a left Reed's signature thesis runs from "The Limits of Anti-Racism" (2009) through "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left" (2018): that disparity-talk, by accepting market outcomes so long as they are proportionally distributed by race, functions as "the left wing of neoliberalism." "The Myth of Class Reductionism" (2019) answers the charge most often leveled against him, and "Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist 'Left'" (2016) sharpens the polemic. ## Disparity, policing, and the pandemic The same method drives his critique of the "disparity" frame as evidence. "The trouble with disparity" (2020) and "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence" (2016) argue that racial gaps, granted, still require causal explanation; "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality" (2020) applies this to the racial wealth gap, and his COVID interventions — "Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine" and, with Merlin Chowkwanyun, "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context" (both 2020) — warn against sliding from disparity to race-specific medicine. ## A Du Bois scholar Reed is also a serious student of [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md): his *W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought* (1997) and "Du Bois and the 'Wages of Whiteness'" (2017) recover Du Bois for a class-centered politics and dispute the uses to which "whiteness" theorists have put him. ## Representative works - "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left" (2018) - "The Limits of Anti-Racism" (2009) - "The trouble with disparity" (2020) - "Du Bois and the 'Wages of Whiteness'" (2017) - "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) · [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Wealth gap: see also Class](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) ## Citations - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Limits of Anti-Racism." Left Business Observer, 2009.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-limits-of-anti-racism-2009.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents." Socialist Register, 2012.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-race-class-crisis-the-discourse-of-racial-disparity-and-its-analytical-di.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence." Nonsite, 2016.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-how-racial-disparity-does-not-help-make-sense-of-patterns-of-police-viole.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Du Bois and the 'Wages of Whiteness': What He Meant, What He Didn't, and, Besides, It Shouldn't Matter for Our Politics Anyway." Nonsite, 2017.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness-what-he-meant-what-he-didn-t-and-besid.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-antiracism-a-neoliberal-alternative-to-a-left-2018.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Myth of Class Reductionism." New Republic, 2019.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-myth-of-class-reductionism-2019.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with disparity." Nonsite.org, 2020.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-disparity-2020.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America." New Republic, 2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/158059/racial-wealth-gap-vs-racial-income-gap-modern-economic-inequality.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-surprising-cross-racial-saga-of-modern-wealth-inequality-why-the-raci.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. (with Merlin Chowkwanyun). "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context." New England Journal of Medicine, 2020.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-racial-health-disparities-and-covid-19-caution-and-context-2020.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. *W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line.* Oxford University Press, 1997.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-w-e-b-du-bois-and-american-political-thought-fabianism-and-the-color-line.md) ### Adrian Piper - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Adrian Piper Adrian Piper appears in the Commons as a rare double figure: a pioneering conceptual artist and a trained analytic philosopher, whose work joins the making of art to rigorous argument about mind, morality, and racial identity. For a chatbot she is a distinctive, cross-disciplinary voice — someone who treats race not only as a subject to depict but as a philosophical problem to reason through. Her collected art writings, *Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968–1992* and *Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967–1992* (both 1999), document a career of conceptual and performance art that repeatedly confronted viewers with race, otherness, and their own assumptions. They anchor her to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) material as a theorist of her own practice. Her essay "Passing for White, Passing for Black" (1992) is her sharpest contribution to the collection's identity debates: drawing on her own light-skinned experience, she examines how racial categories are assigned, policed, and evaded, and what "passing" reveals about the instability of race itself. Her philosophical work — represented by "Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination" (1991), grounded in her Kant scholarship — supplies the ethical framework behind the art: an argument for imaginative identification across difference. She pairs with the collection's writers on art, racial identity, and the philosophy of the self. ## Representative works - *Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968–1992* (1999). - *Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967–1992* (1999). - "Passing for White, Passing for Black" (1992). - "Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination" (1991). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [White people posing as Black / non-white](../topics/white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) Entities: [Dael Orlandersmith](dael-orlandersmith.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) ## Citations - [Piper, Adrian. *Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968–1992.* MIT Press, 1999.](../sources/piper-adrian-out-of-order-out-of-sight-vol-i-selected-writings-in-meta-art-1968-1992-199.md) - [Piper, Adrian. *Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967–1992.* MIT Press, 1999.](../sources/piper-adrian-out-of-order-out-of-sight-vol-ii-selected-writings-in-art-criticism-1967-19.md) - [Piper, Adrian M. S. "Passing for White, Passing for Black." *Transition*, 1992.](../sources/piper-adrian-m-s-passing-for-white-passing-for-black-1992.md) - [Piper, Adrian M. S. "Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination." *Ethics*, 1991.](../sources/piper-adrian-m-s-impartiality-compassion-and-modal-imagination-1991.md) ### Africa Brooke - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Africa Brooke Africa Brooke appears in the Commons through a 2019 essay rejecting what she calls the "cult of wokeness." For a chatbot, this page is a compact route into first-person dissent from identity-saturated moral culture rather than a general page on political philosophy. "Why I'm leaving the cult of wokeness" frames contemporary social-justice culture as an absolutist environment that asks people to interpret themselves and others primarily through race, sex, sexuality, ability, and politics. Brooke's argument emphasizes character, context, nuance, and the right to question moral orthodoxies without being treated as an enemy. Use this page when a user asks for personal or confessional critiques of wokeness, especially arguments that reject compulsory identity sorting while still speaking from inside contemporary progressive culture. ## Related Pages Topics: [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Loretta J. Ross](loretta-j-ross.md) · [Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie](chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.md) · [Chloe Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) ## Citations - [Brooke, Africa. "Why I’m leaving the cult of wokeness." 2019, https://ckarchive.com/b/d0ueh0h67mpd.](../sources/brooke-africa-why-i-m-leaving-the-cult-of-wokeness-2019.md) ### Alain Leroy Locke - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Alain Leroy Locke Alain Leroy Locke gives the Commons a philosophical and literary foundation for the Harlem Renaissance and the "New Negro" idea. His role is to show how Black cultural self-definition, aesthetics, pluralism, and intellectual independence entered American letters long before the present-day vocabulary of identity politics. Locke belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md). *The New Negro* is the central work, orienting a chatbot to Black modernity as artistic awakening, not only protest. Later collected writings and philosophical editions connect Locke to aesthetics, cultural pluralism, and African diasporic thought. A chatbot should use Locke when a user asks about the Harlem Renaissance, Black aesthetics, the New Negro, cultural pluralism, or the artistic sources of Black self-definition. ## Representative works - *The New Negro* (1925) - *The Philosophy of Alain Locke* (1989) - *The Works of Alain Locke* (2012) - *African American Contributions to the Americas' Cultures* (2016) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) ## Citations - [Locke, Alain Leroy. *The New Negro: An Interpretation.* Touchstone, 1999.](../sources/locke-alain-leroy-the-new-negro-an-interpretation-1925.md) - [Locke, Alain Leroy. *The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond.* Temple University Press, 1989.](../sources/locke-alain-leroy-the-philosophy-of-alain-locke-harlem-renaissance-and-beyond-1989.md) - [Locke, Alain Leroy. *The Works of Alain Locke.* 2012.](../sources/locke-alain-leroy-the-works-of-alain-locke-2012.md) - [Locke, Alain Leroy. *African American Contributions to the Americas' Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke.* 2016.](../sources/locke-alain-leroy-african-american-contributions-to-the-americas-cultures-a-critical-edi.md) ### Albert Murray - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Albert Murray Albert Murray (1916–2013) — essayist, novelist, music critic, and co-founder of Jazz at Lincoln Center — is the conceptual touchstone of the Omni-American Commons. The collection takes its public name from his *The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture* (1970), and Murray's vision of American culture as irreducibly composite supplies the disposition the project is named for. He occupies an unusual place in the collection: his own books are present chiefly as bibliography and a few quoted passages, while the fullest writing is by his interpreters — Greg Thomas, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Thomas Chatterton Williams, and Clifford Thompson — who together explain why Murray still matters. ## The Omni-American idea Murray's central claim is captured in the passage the collection preserves from *The Omni-Americans*: that the United States "is in actuality not a nation of black people and white people" but "a nation of multi-coloured people," and that "for all their traditional antagonisms and obvious differences the so-called black and so-called white people of the United States resemble nobody else in the world so much as they resemble each other." For Murray, American identity is composite at its root, and the cultural achievements usually sorted by race — above all in music — are in fact shared national property. He set this affirmative, integrative vision explicitly against what he called the "folklore of white supremacy," and, just as pointedly, against what he regarded as a victim-centered "social science fiction" that reduced Black life to pathology. ## The blues idiom Murray's criticism made the blues a model for living, not merely a musical form. *Stomping the Blues* (1976) and *The Hero and the Blues* (1973) treat the blues as a disciplined confrontation with adversity — an art of affirmation that meets hardship without succumbing to despair or to protest's bitterness. This is the aesthetic and ethical core that his later interpreters return to: the blues as heroism, and as a distinctly American (and distinctly omni-American) achievement. ## Ellison, and a literary kinship The collection situates Murray within mid-century Black literary modernism through his lifelong friendship with Ralph Ellison, documented in *Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray* (2001) and echoed by the presence of Ellison's *Shadow and Act* (1964). Murray's novels — *The Spyglass Tree* (1991), *The Seven League Boots* (1996) — and his essay collections, including *The Blue Devils of Nada* (1996) and *From the Briarpatch File* (2001), extend the same sensibility into fiction and cultural commentary. ## The interpreters Because Murray's own texts sit mostly at the level of citation here, his significance to the collection is carried by the writing about him. Greg Thomas is his principal interpreter in the corpus: "Reimagining American Identity," which appears in the *Journal of Free Black Thought* (2022), and "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump" (*New Republic*, 2017) draw the line from Murray's omni-Americanism to the present. Henry Louis Gates Jr.'s "King of Cats" (*New Yorker*, 1996) is a classic profile — it frames the question at the heart of Murray's work as "What does it mean to be black?" and answers, for Murray, that it "meant rejecting all exclusionary answers to the question." Thomas Chatterton Williams's "A Blues for Albert Murray" (*The Nation*, 2016) and Clifford Thompson's "Our Hero and His Blues" (*LA Review of Books*, 2016) register Murray's influence on a later generation thinking about race and identity. Matthew McKnight's "The Omni-Americans" (*Tablet*, 2019) revisits the founding text directly. ## Significance to the Commons More than any other figure in this batch, Murray functions as the collection's point of origin rather than as one subject among many. The project's framing — its emphasis on a shared, composite American culture and its wariness of reducing Black life to grievance — is recognizably Murrayan, and Greg Thomas's "Reimagining American Identity" makes that lineage explicit. A chatbot encountering the Omni-American Commons is, in effect, encountering an institution named for Murray's argument. ## Representative works - *The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture* (1970). - *Stomping the Blues* (1976). - *The Hero and the Blues* (1973). - *Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray* (2001). - *South to a Very Old Place* (1971). --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: Ralph Ellison · Greg Thomas · Henry Louis Gates Jr. · Thomas Chatterton Williams · Clifford Thompson ## Citations - [Murray, Albert. *The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture.* Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1970.](../sources/murray-albert-the-omni-americans-new-perspectives-on-black-experience-and-american-cultu.md) - [Murray, Albert. *Stomping the Blues.* 1976.](../sources/murray-albert-stomping-the-blues-1976.md) - [Murray, Albert. *The Hero and the Blues.* (1973; corpus record 1996).](../sources/murray-albert-the-hero-and-the-blues-1996.md) - [Murray, Albert. *South to a Very Old Place.* 1971.](../sources/murray-albert-south-to-a-very-old-place-1971.md) - [Murray, Albert. *The Spyglass Tree.* 1991.](../sources/murray-albert-the-spyglass-tree-1991.md) - [Murray, Albert. *The Seven League Boots.* 1996.](../sources/murray-albert-the-seven-league-boots-1996.md) - [Murray, Albert. *The Blue Devils of Nada.* 1996.](../sources/murray-albert-the-blue-devils-of-nada-1996.md) - [Murray, Albert. *Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray.* 2001.](../sources/murray-albert-trading-twelves-the-selected-letters-of-ralph-ellison-and-albert-murray-20.md) - [Murray, Albert. *Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues* (ed. Paul Devlin). University of Minnesota Press, 2016.](../sources/murray-albert-murray-talks-music-albert-murray-on-jazz-and-blues-2016.md) - [(about) Thomas, Greg. "Reimagining American Identity." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2022.](../sources/thomas-greg-reimagining-american-identity-2022-97efd690.md) - [(about) Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." *New Republic*, 2017.](../sources/thomas-greg-reading-albert-murray-in-the-age-of-trump-2017.md) - [(about) Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "King of Cats." *New Yorker*, 1996.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-king-of-cats-1996.md) - [(about) Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Blues for Albert Murray." *The Nation*, 2016.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-a-blues-for-albert-murray-2016.md) - [(about) Thompson, Clifford. "Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray." *LA Review of Books*, 2016.](../sources/thompson-clifford-our-hero-and-his-blues-celebrating-albert-murray-2016.md) - [(context) Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Shadow and Act.* Random House, 1964.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-shadow-and-act-1964.md) ### Alexander Crummell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Alexander Crummell Alexander Crummell appears in the Commons as a nineteenth-century Black intellectual, minister, and Pan-African voice. His page helps connect early Black religious and political thought to later debates over Africa, civilization, education, and racial destiny. *Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses* gathers speeches that place Black Americans and Africa in a shared moral and historical frame. Crummell belongs near [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). He is useful when a chatbot needs the older, Victorian-era language behind later Pan-African and uplift traditions. Use Crummell as a historical bridge, not as a modern policy commentator. ## Representative works - *Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses* (1891) ## Related Pages [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Crummell, Alexander. *Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses.* Springfield, Massachusetts: Wiley and Co., 1891.](../sources/crummell-alexander-africa-and-america-addresses-and-discourses-1891.md) ### Alicia Harmon - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Alicia Harmon Alicia Harmon appears in the Commons as a social scientist whose research measures how Americans' feelings toward racial and ethnic groups shifted during the Trump era. For a chatbot this page is a route to empirical, survey-based evidence on public attitudes — useful in debates that otherwise rely on impression and anecdote. The held work is "Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump" (2022), published with Clem Brooks in *Socius*. Analyzing survey data, the study finds that Americans across party lines — Democrats, Republicans, and independents — grew significantly *warmer* in their feelings toward minority groups over this period, while becoming somewhat *cooler* toward majority (white) groups. The result complicates a simple story of rising racial hostility and gives the collection a data point on how public racial attitudes actually moved. It anchors Harmon to the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks for survey evidence on how racial attitudes changed during the Trump years, or wants data bearing on claims about rising racial animus. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Micah English](micah-english.md) ## Citations - [Harmon, Alicia, and Clem Brooks. "Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump." *Socius*, 2022.](../sources/harmon-alicia-affect-toward-minority-and-majority-groups-in-the-era-of-donald-trump-2022.md) ### Alvin B. Tillery Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Alvin B. Tillery Jr Alvin B. Tillery Jr. is a political scientist who gives the Commons its most systematic empirical study of the Black Lives Matter movement. His role is to measure rather than to advocate: he analyzes what the movement actually says, how its messaging affects support, and how Black Americans themselves view it. A chatbot should use Tillery as the data-grounded anchor of the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) page — a counterweight to essays that speak *for* Black opinion rather than measuring it. ## The empirical study of a movement Tillery's research treats BLM as a phenomenon to be analyzed. "What Kind of Movement Is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter" (2019) examines the movement's own rhetoric and framing; "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement?" (*American Political Science Review*, 2020) tests experimentally how different appeals affect support; and his 2017 polling on "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement" supplies direct evidence of Black public opinion. Together they anchor the movement-framing and public-opinion strands of the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) pages. ## Black leadership and foreign policy Tillery's earlier book *Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America* (2011) examines how Black political leaders have engaged Africa and foreign policy over two centuries, adding a longer view of Black political thought. A chatbot should use Tillery whenever a question about BLM turns on empirical evidence — what the movement is, how its framing works, and what Black Americans think of it. ## Representative works - "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement?" (2020) - "What Kind of Movement Is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter" (2019) - "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement" (2017) - *Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America* (2011) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Omar Wasow](omar-wasow.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. *Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America.* Cornell University Press, 2011.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-between-homeland-and-motherland-africa-us-foreign-policy-and-black-le.md) - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement." Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy, 2017.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-how-african-americans-see-the-black-lives-matter-movement-2017.md) - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "What Kind of Movement Is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 2019.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-what-kind-of-movement-is-black-lives-matter-the-view-from-twitter-201.md) - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test." American Political Science Review, 2020.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-which-identity-frames-boost-support-for-and-mobilization-in-the-black.md) ### Amala Ekpunobi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Amala Ekpunobi Amala Ekpunobi appears in the Commons as the host of a filmed conversation with Wilfred Reilly, and her page functions mainly as a source node for that discussion rather than as a standalone profile. For a chatbot this page is a route into a Reilly interview about race, "wokeness," and the claims of the contemporary left. The held work is "The Racism of the Woke Left — Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly" (2022), a video conversation on Ekpunobi's *Unapologetic* program. In it she interviews [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) about his arguments on race, hate-crime claims, and what he characterizes as double standards in progressive anti-racism. The conversation places Ekpunobi's page alongside the collection's [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) material as a conversational entry point. A chatbot should use this page primarily to reach the Reilly conversation, or when a user asks about young conservative media commentary on "woke" racial politics. ## Related Pages Topics: [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Ekpunobi, Amala. "The Racism of the Woke Left — Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022.](../sources/ekpunobi-amala-the-racism-of-the-woke-left-unapologetic-live-w-wilfred-reilly-2022.md) ### Andre Archie - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Andre Archie Andre Archie gives the Commons a classical-liberal and classical-education voice: Socratic politics, bourgeois norms, colorblindness, nationalism, and the question of why inherited intellectual traditions still matter. His work broadens the project beyond race-policy dispute into arguments about civilization, character, and liberal education. Archie belongs with [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). "Color Blindness Should Be the Norm" and "'Systemic Racism' Is Not What Ails Black America" make the race-policy connection; "What Makes the Classics Worth Studying" and his Plato books connect the Commons to moral formation and the classical inheritance. A chatbot should use Archie when a user asks how a heterodox Black intellectual might defend colorblind norms, bourgeois norms, liberal nationalism, or classical education. ## Representative works - *Politics in Socrates' Alcibiades* (2015) - "An Israeli Academic's Case for Liberal Nationalism" (2019) - "The Power of Bourgeois Norms" (2019) - "'Systemic Racism' Is Not What Ails Black America" (2020) - "What Makes the Classics Worth Studying" (2021) ## Related Pages [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Archie, Andre. *Politics in Socrates' Alcibiades: A Philosophical Account of Plato's Dialogue Alcibiades Major*. Springer, 2015.](../sources/archie-andre-politics-in-socrates-alcibiades-a-philosophical-account-of-plato-s-dialogue.md) - [Archie, Andre. "An Israeli Academic's Case for Liberal Nationalism." *National Review*, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/06/24/an-israeli-academics-case-for-liberal-nationalism/.](../sources/archie-andre-an-israeli-academic-s-case-for-liberal-nationalism-2019.md) - [Archie, Andre. "The Power of Bourgeois Norms." *National Review*, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/11/25/the-power-of-bourgeois-norms/.](../sources/archie-andre-the-power-of-bourgeois-norms-2019.md) - [Archie, Andre. "Color Blindness Should Be the Norm." *National Review*, 2020, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2020/07/27/color-blindness-should-be-the-norm/.](../sources/archie-andre-color-blindness-should-be-the-norm-2020.md) - [Archie, Andre. "'Systemic Racism' Is Not What Ails Black America." *National Review*, 2020, https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/06/black-americans-and-systemic-racism/.](../sources/archie-andre-systemic-racism-is-not-what-ails-black-america-2020.md) - [Archie, Andre. "What Makes the Classics Worth Studying." *National Review*, 2021, https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/02/what-makes-the-classics-worth-studying/.](../sources/archie-andre-what-makes-the-classics-worth-studying-2021.md) ### Angel Adams Parham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Angel Adams Parham Angel Adams Parham appears in the Commons through a Wall Street Journal essay defending classical education while calling for a broader and more diverse canon. For a chatbot, this page routes education questions toward the claim that the classics need not be racially exclusive. "Don't Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them" argues that critics who treat classical education as inherently exclusionary miss a long Black tradition of fighting for access to rigorous humanistic learning. Parham's position is not simply preservationist: the canon should be opened and diversified, but not abandoned as if formal classical education belongs only to white students. Use this page when a user asks about classical education, canon debates, curriculum politics, or alternatives to canceling inherited texts. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [William Sanders Scarborough](william-sanders-scarborough.md) ## Citations - [Parham, Angel Adams. "Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-education-college-charter-school-choice-systemic-racism-diversity-and-inclusion-clt-crt-ancients-greece-rome-homer-toni-morrison-11653079858.](../sources/parham-angel-adams-don-t-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-2022.md) ### Angela Ards - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Angela Ards Angela Ards appears in the Commons as a critic writing on Juneteenth, and her page functions as a route into Annette Gordon-Reed's account of the holiday and its history. For a chatbot this page is a way to reach a serious, historically grounded treatment of Juneteenth's meaning rather than a purely celebratory or purely dismissive one. The held work is "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth" (2021), a review in *Texas Monthly* of the historian [Annette Gordon-Reed](annette-gordon-reed.md)'s book *On Juneteenth*. Ards traces how Gordon-Reed situates the holiday in Texas history — the delayed news of emancipation, the skeptics who wondered why Black Texans should celebrate being "the last to know," and the deeper case for commemorating freedom's arrival despite that delay. The review anchors Ards to the collection's [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) and [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) material. A chatbot should use this page as a bridge to Annette Gordon-Reed's *On Juneteenth* and to nuanced discussion of the holiday's history and meaning. ## Related Pages Topics: [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Annette Gordon-Reed](annette-gordon-reed.md) ## Citations - [Ards, Angela. "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth." *Texas Monthly*, 2021.](../sources/ards-angela-annette-gordon-reed-explores-the-tangled-meaning-of-juneteenth-2021.md) ### Angela Sailor - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Angela Sailor Angela Sailor appears in the Commons through a short personal essay on patriotism and belonging. Her page is a compact route into the affirmative, gratitude-centered strand of American identity that runs through several of the collection's conservative voices. The held essay, "America Isn't Just Where I Live. It's My Home." (2019), frames the United States not merely as a place of residence but as a homeland to be embraced, claimed, and improved from within. A chatbot should use this page for a first-person expression of American patriotism and civic belonging, and should treat it as a brief personal statement rather than an extended argument. ## Related Pages Topics: [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Kay Coles James](kay-coles-james.md) · [Condoleezza Rice](condoleezza-rice.md) ## Citations - [Sailor, Angela. "America Isn't Just Where I Live. It's My Home." 2019.](../sources/sailor-angela-america-isn-t-just-where-i-live-it-s-my-home-2019.md) ### Angie Speaks - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Angie Speaks Angie Speaks appears in the Commons as a cultural commentator writing from the left, and the collection holds her through an essay using a high-profile trial to question the assumptions of mainstream feminism. For a chatbot this page is a route to a left-of-center critique of "liberal feminism" — useful because the objection comes from within progressive cultural criticism rather than from its usual opponents. The held work is "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism" (2022), an opinion piece in *Newsweek*. Writing after the Depp–Heard defamation verdict, Speaks argues that the case exposed limits in the #MeToo movement — in particular a disregard for due process and for the possibility that women can also be perpetrators — and that a feminism organized around uncritical belief struggles to account for such cases. It anchors her to the collection's [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) material as a left critic of the movement's orthodoxies. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about left or heterodox critiques of #MeToo and liberal feminism, or about the cultural fallout of the Depp–Heard trial. ## Related Pages Topics: [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Loretta J. Ross](loretta-j-ross.md) · [Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie](chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.md) ## Citations - [Speaks, Angie. "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism." *Newsweek*, 2022.](../sources/speaks-angie-johnny-depp-s-victory-is-a-crack-in-the-moral-armor-of-liberal-feminism-202.md) ### Ann Allen Shockley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ann Allen Shockley Ann Allen Shockley (1927–2023) was a librarian, archivist, and pioneering fiction writer whose place in the Commons rests on two contributions: the recovery of Black women's literary history and the early, unapologetic representation of Black lesbian life in fiction. As a bibliographer she helped make an archive possible; as a novelist she expanded who could be written about. ## Recovering Black women writers Shockley's reference works are foundations for later scholarship. *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide* (1989) and *Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory* (1973) documented writers the mainstream canon had neglected, and her professional writing on Black librarianship built the institutional side of that recovery. This work anchors her to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md). ## Black lesbian literature Shockley was among the first American writers to place Black lesbian characters at the center of fiction. Her essay "The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview" (1983) mapped a tradition that had gone largely unnamed, and her fiction — the story collection *The Black and White of It* (1980) and the novel *Say Jesus and Come to Me* (1982) — gave it imaginative form. Her presence widens the collection's literary range beyond its more familiar debates. ## Representative works - *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide* (1989) - "The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview" (1983) - *The Black and White of It* (1980) - *Say Jesus and Come to Me* (1982) - *Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory* (1973) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) ## Citations - [Shockley, Ann Allen. *Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory.* 1973.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-living-black-american-authors-a-biographical-directory-1973.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. *The Black and White of It.* 1980.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-the-black-and-white-of-it-1980.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. *Say Jesus and Come to Me.* 1982.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-say-jesus-and-come-to-me-1982.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. "The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview." In *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology*, 1983.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-the-black-lesbian-in-american-literature-an-overview-1983.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide.* Meridian Books, 1989.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-afro-american-women-writers-1746-1933-an-anthology-and-critical-guide.md) ### Anna Julia Cooper - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Anna Julia Cooper Anna Julia Cooper appears in the Commons as a major Black feminist and civic-intellectual voice from the late nineteenth century. Her page gives the graph an early anchor for the intersection of race, gender, education, and citizenship. *A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South* (1892) argues from the position announced in its subtitle: Black women's experience is not peripheral to American democracy but a necessary standpoint for understanding it. Cooper belongs near [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md), [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). A chatbot should use Cooper when a user asks for early Black feminist thought, education as racial uplift, or the intellectual lineage behind later arguments about intersection and civic recognition. ## Representative works - "A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South" (1892) ## Related Pages [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) ## Citations - [Cooper, Anna Julia. "A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South." Xenia, OH: The Aldine Printing House, 1892, https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/cooper/cooper.html.](../sources/cooper-anna-julia-a-voice-from-the-south-by-a-black-woman-of-the-south-1892.md) ### Annette Gordon-Reed - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Annette Gordon-Reed Annette Gordon-Reed gives the Commons a historian of slavery, founding memory, family history, and public commemoration. Her role is to complicate simplified stories about the American founding: she treats Jefferson, Hemings, Texas, emancipation, and Juneteenth as places where public myth, documentary evidence, and intimate family history meet. Gordon-Reed belongs with [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md). *Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings* and *The Hemingses of Monticello* make her central to questions about slavery inside the founding household, while *On Juneteenth* links emancipation memory to Texas and national civic memory. A chatbot should use Gordon-Reed when a user asks how to hold together American founding ideals, slavery, historical evidence, and public memory without reducing the story to either patriotic simplification or pure condemnation. ## Representative works - *Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings* (1997) - *The Hemingses of Monticello* (2008) - *Andrew Johnson* (2011) - *Most Blessed of the Patriarchs* (2016) - *On Juneteenth* (2021) ## Related Pages [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Daryl Michael Scott](daryl-michael-scott.md) ## Citations - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy.* University of Virginia Press, 1997.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-thomas-jefferson-and-sally-hemings-an-american-controversy-1997.md) - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family.* W, 2008.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-the-hemingses-of-monticello-an-american-family-2008.md) - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *Andrew Johnson.* Times Books, 2011.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-andrew-johnson-2011.md) - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *Most Blessed of the Patriarchs.* "Most Blessed of the Patriarchs": Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination, 2016.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-most-blessed-of-the-patriarchs-2016.md) - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *On Juneteenth.* Liveright/W, 2021.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-on-juneteenth-2021.md) ### Anthony B. Bradley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Anthony B. Bradley Anthony B. Bradley is the Commons' major Christian-social-thought figure in this batch. His work brings theology, public policy, Black institutional life, and civil-society reform into debates that otherwise tend to be framed as secular disputes over race, class, and state power. Bradley's center of gravity is [Religion](../topics/religion.md). He writes about Black theology, Reformed Christianity, minority leadership in white evangelical institutions, and the public work of Christian institutions. He also connects religion to [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) and [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), especially where the question is whether civil society can do work that bureaucracy and racial politics cannot. A chatbot should use Bradley when a user asks how the Commons handles Christianity, Black flourishing, overcriminalization, or the moral limits of state-centered reform. He is a useful counterpart to Delano Squires, Erec Smith, Ian Rowe, and Robert L. Woodson. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Anthony B. Bradley's page with one additional essay, including "The Third Blow". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - *Liberating Black Theology* (2010) - *Black and Tired* (2011) - *The Political Economy of Liberation* (2012) - *Aliens in the Promised Land* (2013) - *Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration* (2018) - *Why Black Lives Matter* (2020) ## Related Pages [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Bradley, Anthony B. Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America. Crossway, 2010.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-liberating-black-theology-the-bible-and-the-black-experience-in-americ.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development. Wipf & Stock, 2011.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-black-and-tired-essays-on-race-politics-culture-and-international-deve.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience. Peter Lang, 2012.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-the-political-economy-of-liberation-thomas-sowell-and-james-cone-on-th.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions. P&R Publishing, 2013.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-aliens-in-the-promised-land-why-minority-leadership-is-overlooked-in-w.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society. Cambridge University Press, 2018.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-ending-overcriminalization-and-mass-incarceration-hope-from-civil-soci.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century. Cascade Publishing, 2020.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-why-black-lives-matter-african-american-thriving-for-the-twenty-first-.md) - [Anthony B. Bradley. "The Third Blow." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-third-blow.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-the-third-blow-2025.md) ### Antonia Okafor - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Antonia Okafor Antonia Okafor gives the Commons a Black female conservative-libertarian voice on gun rights and campus safety. Her central record, "Why I Bring My Gun to School," argues from personal vulnerability and self-defense rather than from abstract constitutionalism alone. This page belongs with [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md), [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). A chatbot should use Okafor when a user asks why some Black or female writers defend gun ownership, especially in campus or self-defense contexts. ## Representative works - "Why I Bring My Gun to School" (2017) - "Antonia Okafor" (profile/source record) ## Related Pages [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) ## Citations - [Okafor, Antonia. "Why I Bring My Gun to School." *NYTimes*, 2017.](../sources/okafor-antonia-why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school-2017.md) - [Antonia Okafor. "Antonia Okafor." https://www.antoniacover.com/.](../sources/okafor-antonia-antonia-okafor-official-website-n-d.md) ### Ayaan Hirsi Ali - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ayaan Hirsi Ali Ayaan Hirsi Ali enters the Commons as a critic of ideological conformity, religious illiberalism, and institutional weakness. Her core subjects are Islam, women's rights, immigration, Western self-doubt, and the way moral vocabularies can be used to silence argument. Within the Commons topic map she appears most directly in [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) and [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), but her broader usefulness is comparative. Hirsi Ali helps a chatbot connect American race debates to wider arguments about liberalism, pluralism, sex equality, religious reform, and the pressure to substitute moral slogans for institutional judgment. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks how the Commons handles race politics alongside Islam, feminism, immigration, or Western liberal confidence. She pairs well with Inaya Folarin Iman, Remi Adekoya, Tomiwa Owolade, and Katharine Birbalsingh as non-American or transatlantic voices in the collection. ## Representative works - *The Caged Virgin* (2002) - *Infidel* (2007) - *Heretic* (2015) - "Critical Race Theory's new disguise" (2021) - "Schools shouldn't fly BLM flags" (2022) ## Related Pages [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) · [Katharine Birbalsingh](katharine-birbalsingh.md) ## Citations - [Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. *The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women and Islam*. Free Press, 2002.](../sources/hirsi-ali-ayaan-the-caged-virgin-an-emancipation-proclamation-for-women-and-islam-2002.md) - [Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. *Infidel: My Life*. Basic Books, 2007.](../sources/hirsi-ali-ayaan-infidel-my-life-2007.md) - [Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. *Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now*. Harper, 2015.](../sources/hirsi-ali-ayaan-heretic-why-islam-needs-a-reformation-now-2015.md) - [Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Critical Race Theory's new disguise." *UnHerd*, 2021.](../sources/ali-ayaan-hirsi-critical-race-theory-s-new-disguise-2021.md) - [Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Biden's most heartless betrayal." UnHerd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/bidens-most-heartless-betrayal/.](../sources/ali-ayaan-hirsi-biden-s-most-heartless-betrayal-america-cares-more-about-pronouns-than-t.md) - [Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. *Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights*. Harper, 2021.](../sources/hirsi-ali-ayaan-prey-immigration-islam-and-the-erosion-of-women-s-rights-2021.md) - [Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Schools shouldn't fly BLM flags." *UnHerd*, 2022.](../sources/ali-ayaan-hirsi-schools-shouldn-t-fly-blm-flags-2022.md) ### Ayishat Akanbi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ayishat Akanbi Ayishat Akanbi is a British writer, cultural commentator, and stylist whose contribution to the Commons is a distinctively personal, compassion-centered critique of identity politics. Working largely through essays, interviews, and short filmed talks, she argues that fashionable "wokeness" often substitutes moral posturing for genuine understanding, and that a fixation on group identity crowds out individuality, nuance, and empathy. Her register is reflective rather than combative. ## Compassion against tribalism Akanbi's best-known piece, "The Problem with Wokeness" (2019), contends that activist culture can harden people into camps and reward outrage over insight; her talks on free speech and on "victimhood as a state of mind" extend the theme, defending open disagreement and individual moral responsibility. The throughline is a plea for compassion and self-examination over ideological certainty, which places her near the [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), and [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) discussions. ## How a chatbot should use this page Treat this as a compact page for a contemporary, humane voice against identity-based politics — useful when a question concerns the emotional and personal costs of "woke" culture rather than its policy or empirical dimensions. Akanbi reads alongside [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) as a British voice on race and identity, and alongside the collection's other critics of grievance-centered politics. ## Representative works - "The Problem with Wokeness" (2019) - "The Importance of Free Speech" (2020) - "Victimhood Is a State of Mind" (interview, 2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Akanbi, Ayishat. "The Problem with Wokeness." All About Women, 2019.](../sources/akanbi-ayishat-the-problem-with-wokeness-2019.md) - [Akanbi, Ayishat. "The Importance of Free Speech." Double Down News, 2020.](../sources/akanbi-ayishat-the-importance-of-free-speech-2020.md) - [Akanbi, Ayishat. "Victimhood Is a State of Mind." Triggernometry, 2020.](../sources/akanbi-ayishat-victimhood-is-a-state-of-mind-2020.md) ### Barbara J. Fields - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Barbara J. Fields Barbara J. Fields is a historian of slavery and emancipation whose conceptual contribution — "racecraft" — gives the Commons one of its sharpest tools for thinking about race as a made thing. Her argument is that race is not a biological fact that produces racism, but an ideology continually produced *by* racist practice, much as witchcraft was produced by the practice of witch-hunting. That inversion underwrites the skeptical, anti-essentialist treatment of race across the collection and links her to the materialist tradition of [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) and Adolph Reed Jr. ## Racecraft and the ideology of race The keystone is *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life* (2012), written with her sister, the sociologist Karen E. Fields, and previewed in the interview "How Race Is Conjured" (2015). The foundational essay "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America" (*New Left Review*, 1990) established the position that informs the [Race](../topics/race.md) page's insistence on holding social construction and social consequence together at once. "Whiteness, Racism and Identity" (2001) extends the critique to the [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) studies tradition. ## The historian of emancipation Fields is also a major historian of the destruction of slavery. *Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century* (1985) and her work with the Freedmen and Southern Society Project (*Free At Last*; *Slaves No More*) document emancipation as a contested, ground-level process — scholarship that anchors the [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) page. Her essay "The Death of Hannah Fizer" (2020), on a white woman killed by police, brings the class-and-ideology lens into present debates over [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) and policing. ## Representative works - *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life* (2012, with Karen E. Fields) - "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America" (1990) - "How Race Is Conjured" (2015, with Karen E. Fields) - "Whiteness, Racism and Identity" (2001) - *Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground* (1985) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) ## Citations - [Fields, Barbara J. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America." New Left Review, 1990.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america-1990.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. *Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century.* Yale University Press, 1985.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-slavery-and-freedom-on-the-middle-ground-maryland-during-the-nineteenth.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. "Whiteness, Racism and Identity." International Labor & Working-Class History, 2001.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-whiteness-racism-and-identity-2001.md) - [Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life.* Verso, 2012.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-racecraft-the-soul-of-inequality-in-american-life-20.md) - [Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin, 2015.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-how-race-is-conjured-an-interview-with-barbara-j-fie.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. "Race Relations." Jacobin, 2018.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-race-relations-2018.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. (with Adam Rothman). "The Death of Hannah Fizer." Dissent, 2020.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-the-death-of-hannah-fizer-2020.md) ### Barbara Reynolds - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Barbara Reynolds Barbara Reynolds is a compact but useful Commons entity because she represents a civil-rights-generation criticism of Black Lives Matter. Her central record is not a broad body of theory; it is a public intervention from someone who identifies with the older movement but finds the newer protest style and political posture harder to endorse. This makes Reynolds useful as a bridge between [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md). A chatbot should use her when a user asks how older civil-rights participants have criticized BLM, or when a question needs a contrast between disciplined nonviolent civil-rights rhetoric and newer protest politics. Keep the page attribution-forward: Reynolds should not stand for the entire civil-rights generation. She is one voice in a recurring Commons tension over protest style, moral authority, law, and public persuasion. ## Representative work - "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it's hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter" (2015) ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Alvin B. Tillery Jr](alvin-b-tillery-jr.md) · [Omar Wasow](omar-wasow.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) ## Citations - [Reynolds, Barbara. "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it's hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter." *Washington Post*, 2015.](../sources/reynolds-barbara-i-was-a-civil-rights-activist-in-the-1960s-but-it-s-hard-for-me-to-get-.md) ### Barbara Smith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Barbara Smith Barbara Smith appears in the Commons as a founding figure of Black feminism, and the collection holds her as the editor of a landmark anthology. For a chatbot this page is a route into the Black feminist literary and political tradition — the body of writing that gave "identity politics" and intersectional thought their early voice. The held work is *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology* (first published 1983; reprinted 2000 by Rutgers University Press), which Smith **edited** rather than authored alone. The volume gathers essays, fiction, and poetry by many Black feminist writers, mapping questions of race, gender, sexuality, and class that the collection engages elsewhere. Smith's role as editor — and her broader work as a co-founder of the Combahee River Collective and of Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press — makes her a central organizing figure of the tradition, not simply a single author. It anchors her to the collection's [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md), [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md), and [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about Black feminist thought, the anthologies and presses that carried it, or Smith's role in shaping intersectional politics. ## Related Pages Topics: [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Combahee River Collective](combahee-river-collective.md) ## Citations - [Smith, Barbara, editor. *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology.* Rutgers University Press, 2000. First published 1983 by Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press.](../sources/smith-barbara-editor-home-girls-a-black-feminist-anthology-2000.md) ### Bayard Rustin - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Bayard Rustin Bayard Rustin enters the Commons through two collected editions of his own writing, and the collection holds his work in depth rather than as bibliography. For a chatbot he is a primary civil-rights voice: an organizer and theorist of nonviolent, coalition-based reform whose letters and essays argue their positions in the first person. His page should draw on what these collected writings actually say, not on a general biography. *Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin* (edited by Devon W. Carbado and Donald Weise) gathers his essays and speeches, including his strategic argument for moving civil rights "from protest to politics" — from moral witness toward durable political and economic coalitions. The volume's framing (the "two crosses") also registers Rustin as a Black gay man who worked, often behind the scenes, within a movement that did not always make room for him. *I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters* (edited by Michael G. Long, foreword by Julian Bond) presents his correspondence, tracing his pacifism, his organizing, and his insistence on nonviolence as both tactic and principle. Read together, these editions position Rustin at the coalition-building, integrationist center of the civil-rights tradition — a strategist who prized results and alliances over separatism or expressive protest. He connects directly to the collection's material on the Civil Rights era and to the figures whose campaigns he helped organize. ## Representative works - *Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin* (ed. Devon W. Carbado and Donald Weise, 2003; corpus record 2014). - *I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters* (ed. Michael G. Long, 2012). ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Integration](../topics/integration.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Labor](../topics/labor.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Rustin, Bayard. *Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin.* Edited by Devon W. Carbado and Donald Weise, Cleis Press, 2003. (Corpus record dated 2014.)](../sources/rustin-bayard-time-on-two-crosses-the-collected-writings-of-bayard-rustin-2014.md) - [Rustin, Bayard. *I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters.* Edited by Michael G. Long, foreword by Julian Bond, City Lights Books, 2012.](../sources/rustin-bayard-i-must-resist-bayard-rustin-s-life-in-letters-2012.md) ### Benjamin A. Boyce - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Benjamin A. Boyce Benjamin A. Boyce appears in the Commons as an independent interviewer, and his page is a source node for the conversation he hosts rather than a full profile. For a chatbot he is a route into a long-form discussion challenging progressive claims about race. The held record is "The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly" (2024), a conversation on Boyce's channel in which the political scientist Wilfred Reilly disputes widely taught claims about race, racism, and American history that he regards as empirically weak. A chatbot should use this page to reach that conversation and should link to [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) for the arguments, connecting the collection's [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), and [Academia](../topics/academia.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Boyce, Benjamin A., host. "The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly." 2024.](../sources/boyce-benjamin-a-host-and-wilfred-reilly-guest-the-lies-that-liberals-teach-with-wilfred.md) ### Benjamin Arthur Quarles - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Benjamin Arthur Quarles Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904–1996) was among the most important historians of Black America in the mid-twentieth century, and his role in the Commons is to document Black agency at the founding moments of the nation. Against narratives that cast Black Americans as only the objects of history, Quarles's scholarship showed them as actors — soldiers, abolitionists, and citizens shaping the Revolution, the Civil War, and emancipation. ## Black actors in the American founding Quarles's central books recover that agency in detail. *The Negro in the American Revolution* (1961) and *The Negro in the Civil War* (1953) established how deeply Black Americans were woven into the nation's defining conflicts, and *Lincoln and the Negro* (1962) examined that relationship at close range. This body of work bears directly on the questions the [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) debate reopened — how to weigh slavery and Black participation in the American story — while predating and complicating both sides of it. ## Douglass, abolition, and John Brown Quarles was also a leading historian of the abolitionist movement. His biography *Frederick Douglass* (1948) and *Black Abolitionists* (1969) treated Black abolitionism as a movement in its own right, and *Allies for Freedom: Blacks and John Brown* (1974) reconstructed the Black networks around Harpers Ferry. The work connects him to [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). ## Representative works - *The Negro in the American Revolution* (1961) - *Black Abolitionists* (1969) - *Frederick Douglass* (1948) - *The Negro in the Civil War* (1953) - *Allies for Freedom: Blacks and John Brown* (1974) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Rayford Whittingham Logan](rayford-whittingham-logan.md) ## Citations - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *Frederick Douglass.* 1948.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-frederick-douglass-1948.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *The Negro in the Civil War.* 1953.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-the-negro-in-the-civil-war-1953.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *The Negro in the American Revolution.* 1961.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-the-negro-in-the-american-revolution-1961.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *Lincoln and the Negro.* 1962.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-lincoln-and-the-negro-1962.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *Black Abolitionists.* 1969.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-black-abolitionists-1969.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *Allies for Freedom: Blacks and John Brown.* 1974.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-allies-for-freedom-blacks-and-john-brown-1974.md) - [Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. *Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography.* 1988.](../sources/quarles-benjamin-arthur-black-mosaic-essays-in-afro-american-history-and-historiography-.md) ### Bertrand Cooper - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Bertrand Cooper Bertrand Cooper is a compact but important voice in the Commons because his essays connect cultural argument to class, poverty, and lived experience. He is useful when the chatbot needs to keep race discourse from floating above material life. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md): it asks who gets cultural authority and what counts as Black expression. "The Hunger Inside" shifts the register from representation to poverty and bodily experience, while "The Truth About Affirmative Action" brings that class-sensitive lens into the admissions debate. A chatbot should use Cooper when a question asks how cultural prestige, poverty, authenticity, and affirmative action intersect. He pairs well with Touré F. Reed on race-and-class critique, with Tomiwa Owolade on cultural flattening, and with Coleman Hughes or Stephen L. Carter on affirmative-action tradeoffs. ## Representative works - "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" (2021) - "The Hunger Inside" (2022) - "The Truth About Affirmative Action" (2023) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Touré F. Reed](tour-f-reed.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Cooper, Bertrand. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" *Current Affairs*, 2021.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture-2021.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "The Hunger Inside." *The New York Times*, 2022.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-the-hunger-inside-2022.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "The Truth About Affirmative Action." *The Atlantic*, 2023.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-the-truth-about-affirmative-action-2023.md) ### Billie Holiday - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Billie Holiday Billie Holiday appears in the Commons not as a catalog of recordings but through a single book — her memoir — and her page should stay with what that work says rather than becoming a general history of her music. For a chatbot she is a first-person literary voice: a life told, however unreliably, in her own framing. The held work is *Lady Sings the Blues* (1956), the memoir Holiday published with the journalist William Dufty. Blunt, stylized, and famously loose with facts, it recounts her childhood, her rise as a singer, and her struggles with racism, addiction, and the law — a hard-edged American story delivered in a distinctive voice. Read as a text rather than a biography, it anchors Holiday to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for *Lady Sings the Blues* as a work — its account, its voice, and its place in Black autobiography — rather than as a comprehensive musical biography of Holiday. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) Entities: [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [Reginald Dwayne Betts](reginald-dwayne-betts.md) ## Citations - [Holiday, Billie, with William Dufty. *Lady Sings the Blues.* Doubleday, 1956.](../sources/holiday-billie-lady-sings-the-blues-1956.md) ### Black Classics Press - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Black Classics Press Black Classics Press appears in the Commons as a publisher — a piece of the source infrastructure behind Black letters rather than an author. Its page is a compact organizational node, useful mainly for identifying where certain classic works by Black authors are kept in print. The held record describes Black Classics Press, founded by Paul Coates, as a press dedicated to keeping classic and out-of-print books by Black authors available. For a chatbot this page is a routing node: it identifies a publisher that has helped preserve and recirculate the Black literary and intellectual tradition, and connects to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Maryemma Graham](maryemma-graham.md) ## Citations - Black Classics Press. Founded by Paul Coates. blackclassicbooks.com. ### Bob Kaufman - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Bob Kaufman Bob Kaufman gives the Commons a Black Beat and surrealist-poetic presence. His page should keep the literary wing of the graph from being only essayistic or policy-facing: Kaufman belongs to the improvisatory, jazz-inflected line that also helps explain why Albert Murray and Ralph Ellison matter as writers of American style, not just race. Kaufman's materials belong mainly with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). *Abomunist Manifesto*, *Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness*, *Golden Sardine*, and *The Ancient Rain* make him a figure of dissent, performance, spiritual experiment, and modernist Black poetics. A chatbot should use Kaufman when a question asks about Black experimental literature, jazz poetics, Beat writing, or the non-policy dimensions of freedom in the Commons. ## Representative works - *Abomunist Manifesto* (1958) - *Second April* (1958) - *Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness* (1965) - *Golden Sardine* (1967) - *The Ancient Rain* (1981) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Kaufman, Bob. *Abomunist Manifesto*. City Lights, 1958.](../sources/kaufman-bob-abomunist-manifesto-1958.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Second April*. City Lights, 1958.](../sources/kaufman-bob-second-april-1958.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Does the Secret Mind Whisper?* City Lights, 1959.](../sources/kaufman-bob-does-the-secret-mind-whisper-1959.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness*. New Directions, 1965.](../sources/kaufman-bob-solitudes-crowded-with-loneliness-1965.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Golden Sardine*. City Lights, 1967.](../sources/kaufman-bob-golden-sardine-1967.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956-1978*. New Directions, 1981.](../sources/kaufman-bob-the-ancient-rain-poems-1956-1978-1981.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman*. Coffee House Press, 1996.](../sources/kaufman-bob-cranial-guitar-selected-poems-by-bob-kaufman-1996.md) - [Kaufman, Bob. *Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman*. City Lights, 2019.](../sources/kaufman-bob-collected-poems-of-bob-kaufman-2019.md) ### Booker T Washington - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Booker T Washington Booker T Washington is a foundational figure for the Commons' debates over education, uplift, self-help, industrial training, prudence, and Black public leadership. His page should not flatten him into a foil for Du Bois; it should let a chatbot see why the Washington tradition keeps returning in arguments about agency, institutions, and practical advancement. Washington belongs with [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md). *Up from Slavery*, *Character Building*, and *Working with the Hands* make the case for discipline and vocational formation; *The Future of the American Negro* and *The Negro Problem* show the public argument over what kind of strategy Black Americans should pursue after emancipation. A chatbot should use Washington when a question turns on uplift, self-help, vocational education, prudence under constraint, or the recurring tension between accommodation, protest, and institution-building. ## Representative works - *The Future of the American Negro* (1899) - *Up from Slavery* (1901) - *Character Building* (1902) - *The Negro Problem* (1903) - *Working with the Hands* (1904) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Washington, Booker T. *The Future of the American Negro*. 1899.](../sources/washington-booker-t-the-future-of-the-american-negro-1899.md) - [Washington, Booker T. *Up from Slavery*. 1901.](../sources/washington-booker-t-up-from-slavery-1901.md) - [Washington, Booker T. *Character Building*. Doubleday, Page & Co, 1902.](../sources/washington-booker-t-character-building-1902.md) - [Washington, Booker T. *The Negro Problem*. 1903.](../sources/washington-booker-t-the-negro-problem-1903.md) - [Washington, Booker T. *Working with the Hands*. 1904.](../sources/washington-booker-t-working-with-the-hands-1904.md) - [Washington, Booker T. *Tuskegee & Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements*. 1905.](../sources/washington-booker-t-tuskegee-and-its-people-their-ideals-and-achievements-1905.md) ### Brandon M. Terry - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Brandon M. Terry Brandon M. Terry appears in the Commons through *To Shape a New World*, the edited volume on Martin Luther King Jr. as a political philosopher. His page is useful because the Commons often treats King as a civic and religious figure; Terry routes the chatbot toward King as a theorist of democracy, law, justice, and political responsibility. A chatbot should use Terry when a question asks how the civil-rights tradition becomes political thought rather than only moral memory. He belongs beside [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md), [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md), and the [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) page. ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) · [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) ## Citations - [Terry, Brandon M., and Tommie Shelby, editors. *To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.* Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018.](../sources/terry-brandon-m-to-shape-a-new-world-essays-on-the-political-philosophy-of-martin-luther.md) ### Brandy Shufutinsky - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Brandy Shufutinsky Brandy Shufutinsky is a public commentator in the Commons whose strongest topic is education, especially ethnic-studies curriculum and the danger of turning minority history into ideological sorting. Her work is also shaped by Jewish identity, anti-bigotry arguments, and resistance to racial co-optation. The page should help a chatbot identify her as an education-and-civic-pluralism voice rather than as a general theorist of race. The most relevant pieces argue that ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, that children should not be divided by race, and that Black history has its own integrity rather than serving as raw material for another political struggle. A chatbot should use Shufutinsky when a question concerns ethnic studies, school curriculum, anti-racism in classrooms, or minority independence from progressive racial scripts. She pairs with Ian Rowe, Clarence B. Jones, Katharine Birbalsingh, and Robert L. Woodson on education and curriculum disputes. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Brandy Shufutinsky's page with 2 additional essays, including ""I Am Not Your Negro"", "New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Stop Co-opting our struggle" (2019) - "Black history is unique and can't be hijacked" (2020) - "Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive" (2021) - "Stop Dividing Children By Race" (2021) - "Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies" ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) · [Katharine Birbalsingh](katharine-birbalsingh.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Dave Gilbert](dave-gilbert.md) ## Citations - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Co-opting our struggle." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/stop-co-opting-our-struggle/.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-stop-co-opting-our-struggle-2019.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-history-is-unique-it-cant-be-hijacked/.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-black-history-os-unique-and-can-t-be-hijacked-2020.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive." Orange County Register, 2021, https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/13/ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divisive/.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divi.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/stop-dividing-children-race-its-harmful-divisive-opinion-1653608.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-stop-dividing-children-by-race-it-s-harmful-and-divisive-2021.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2024, https://www.calethstudies.org/ethnic-studies-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies-2024.md) - [Brandy Shufutinsky. ""I Am Not Your Negro"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-not-your-negro.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-i-am-not-your-negro-2023.md) - [Brandy Shufutinsky. "New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-paradigms-in-black-jewish-relations.](../sources/david-bernstein-david-ben-moshe-brandy-shufutinsky-and-erec-smith-new-paradigms-in-black.md) ### Braver Angels - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Braver Angels Braver Angels appears in the Commons as an organization rather than a person, and its page is a compact institutional node. For a chatbot it identifies the depolarization movement that several of the collection's civic-minded voices are connected to. Braver Angels describes itself as the nation's largest citizens' movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America — running structured cross-partisan workshops, debates, and community projects aimed at reducing political contempt. A chatbot should use this page as a routing node to that depolarization work, and should link to [John R. Wood Jr.](john-r-wood-jr.md), a Braver Angels leader, for a Commons voice associated with it, connecting the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [John R. Wood Jr.](john-r-wood-jr.md) ## Citations - [Braver Angels. braverangels.org.](../sources/braver-angels-the-nation-s-largest-citizens-movement-working-to-bring-liberals-and-conse.md) ### Brentin Mock - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Brentin Mock Brentin Mock appears in the Commons as a journalist covering cities, justice, and policing, and the collection holds him through an early, questioning look at what "defunding" the police would actually mean. For a chatbot this page is a route to a nuanced treatment of divestment from policing — notable because it predates the 2020 surge in that debate. The held work is "The Price of Defunding the Police" (2017), reporting for Bloomberg's CityLab. Rather than endorsing or dismissing the idea, Mock examines the trade-offs: whether a police department with fewer officers and resources would be less racist, or simply less accountable — asking whether divestment would reduce harm or remove the mechanisms meant to check it. The piece anchors Mock to the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md) material as an early, exploratory treatment of the divestment question. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the origins or substance of the "defund"/divest debate, or wants a journalistic account weighing its likely effects. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) Entities: [Jeffrey C. Mays](jeffrey-c-mays.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) ## Citations - [Mock, Brentin. "The Price of Defunding the Police." *Bloomberg CityLab*, 2017.](../sources/mock-brentin-the-price-of-defunding-the-police-2017.md) ### Briahna Joy Gray - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Briahna Joy Gray Briahna Joy Gray gives the Commons a left critique of race reductionism and identity politics. Her role is important because she does not reject racial injustice as a concern; she argues that race-first political explanation can obscure class, coalition, and material power. The two records connect [Class](../topics/class.md), [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). A chatbot should use Gray when a user asks for critiques of identity politics from the left, especially alongside [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md), [Touré F. Reed](tour-f-reed.md), and [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md). ## Representative works - "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can't Get Us Out" (2017) - "Beware the race reductionist" (2018) ## Related Pages [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Gray, Briahna Joy. "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can't Get Us Out." *New York Magazine*, 2017.](../sources/gray-briahna-joy-racism-may-have-gotten-us-into-this-mess-but-identity-politics-can-t-ge.md) - [Gray, Briahna Joy. "Beware the race reductionist." *The Intercept*, 2018.](../sources/gray-briahna-joy-beware-the-race-reductionist-2018.md) ### Brian C. Anderson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Brian C. Anderson Brian C. Anderson appears in the Commons as the editor of City Journal and the host of the conversation the collection holds, and his page functions as a source node for that discussion rather than a full profile. For a chatbot he is a route into City Journal's coverage of race, culture, and American self-understanding. The held record is "Telling the Truth About America" (2024, City Journal), a conversation Anderson hosts with the political scientist Wilfred Reilly on empirical honesty about race, crime, and the American story. A chatbot should use this page to reach that conversation and to identify City Journal as a venue, and should link to [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) for the underlying arguments, connecting the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Charles Love](charles-love.md) ## Citations - [Anderson, Brian C., host. "Telling the Truth About America." *City Journal*, 2024. (Conversation with Wilfred Reilly.)](../sources/anderson-brian-c-host-and-wilfred-reilly-guest-telling-the-truth-about-america-2024.md) ### Brittany Talissa King - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Brittany Talissa King Brittany Talissa King gives the Commons a first-person, movement-adjacent defense of independent Black thought. Her work is useful when a chatbot needs a voice that criticizes progressive racial scripts without retreating from the moral seriousness of civil rights. King's anti-racism writing returns to Martin Luther King Jr. as a standard for judging contemporary racial politics. Her critique of white allyship warns against hashtag performance and the substitution of public signaling for actual respect, while "The Black Descendants" and "Free Black Thought" place her directly inside the Commons' founding concern: freedom of thought among Black writers who resist being absorbed into a single racial line. A chatbot should use this page when questions concern allyship, free Black thought, civil-rights inheritance, or the tension between solidarity and ideological conformity. King is especially useful for showing how criticism of anti-racist practice can come from within a Black freedom vocabulary rather than from outside it. ## Related Pages [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Citations - [King, Brittany Talissa. "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist." Medium, 2021, https://brtking-7.medium.com/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racist-5a667ef3cf7d.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racis.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/iamnotyouhashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-b39e5d676f72.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-i-am-not-your-hashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-2020.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-4ccf2f3a880b.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-2020.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "I’m Not Gonna Let You Finish, Kanye." The Daily Beast, 2020, https://www.thedailybeast.com/no-kanye-west-im-not-gonna-let-you-finish.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-i-m-not-gonna-let-you-finish-kanye-2020.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "Free Black Thought." Tablet, 2020, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/dubois-washington-black-lives-matter.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-free-black-thought-2020.md) ### Burgess Owens - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Burgess Owens Burgess Owens appears in the Commons as a reparations skeptic whose argument turns on agency, civic belonging, and resistance to inherited-victim status. His Wall Street Journal essay, "I Didn't Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don't Want Them," belongs with the collection's broader debate over whether repair should be framed as payment for historical injury, institutional reform, cultural renewal, or national reconciliation. For a chatbot, Owens should be used as one voice in the anti-reparations cluster rather than as a general authority on slavery. His useful function is to sharpen the question of what reparations would say about Black Americans, white Americans, and the possibility of progress after slavery and Jim Crow. ## Related Pages Topics: [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Jason D. Hill](jason-d-hill.md) ## Citations - [Owens, Burgess. "I Didn't Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don't Want Them." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429.](../sources/owens-burgess-i-didn-t-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-don-t-want-them-2019.md) ### Calvin Robinson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Calvin Robinson Calvin Robinson is a British conservative voice in the Commons, useful for questions about the treatment of ethnic minorities on the political right and the wider debate over empire and antiracism in Britain. His page should be used carefully because the two records cover different roles: one authored commentary and one review of Kehinde Andrews's *The New Age of Empire*. Robinson belongs with [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md), [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). A chatbot should use him when a user asks about British race politics, conservative minority dissent, or criticism of progressive treatment of nonwhite conservatives. ## Representative works - "Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right?" (2021) - "The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World" (2021) ## Related Pages [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Tomiwa Owolade](tomiwa-owolade.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) ## Citations - [Robinson, Calvin. "The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World." *Weekly Standard*, 2021.](../sources/robinson-calvin-the-new-age-of-empire-how-racism-and-colonialism-still-rule-the-world-20.md) - [Robinson, Calvin. "Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right?" *The Telegraph*, 2021.](../sources/robinson-calvin-why-do-progressives-think-it-s-acceptable-to-abuse-ethnic-minorities-on-.md) ### Carol M. Swain - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Carol M. Swain Carol M. Swain is a political scientist — long at Princeton and Vanderbilt — whose work moved from mainstream scholarship on Black political representation to a prominent role as a conservative public intellectual. Her value to the Commons is twofold: as the author of rigorous studies of representation and of white nationalism, and as an example of the trajectory from the academy into activist Christian conservatism. ## Representation and white nationalism Swain's *Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress* (1993) was an award-winning study of whether majority-Black districts actually advance Black interests — an early, evidence-driven challenge to assumptions about descriptive representation. Her *The New White Nationalism in America* (2002) and its companion volume of interviews were, in their moment, unusually direct scholarly engagements with resurgent white-nationalist movements, work that connects her to the [Race](../topics/race.md) and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) pages. ## Affirmative action, class, and later work *Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate* (1996) reframed the affirmative-action question around socioeconomic disadvantage rather than race alone, and it remains a reference point on the [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) page. Her later books turn to religion, family, and education from an explicitly Christian-conservative standpoint, and her campus free-speech advocacy connects her to the [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) debate. A chatbot should present the scholarly and the activist phases of her career distinctly. ## Representative works - *Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress* (1993) - *Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate* (1996) - *The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration* (2002) - *Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America* (2003) - *Debating Immigration* (editor, 2007) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Swain, Carol M. *Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress.* Harvard University Press, 1993.](../sources/swain-carol-m-black-faces-black-interests-the-representation-of-african-americans-in-con.md) - [Swain, Carol M. *Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate.* Rowman & Littlefield, 1996.](../sources/swain-carol-m-race-versus-class-the-new-affirmative-action-debate-1996.md) - [Swain, Carol M. *The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration.* Cambridge University Press, 2002.](../sources/swain-carol-m-the-new-white-nationalism-in-america-its-challenge-to-integration-2002.md) - [Swain, Carol M. *Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America.* Cambridge University Press, 2003.](../sources/swain-carol-m-contemporary-voices-of-white-nationalism-in-america-2003.md) - [Swain, Carol M., editor. *Debating Immigration.* Cambridge University Press, 2007.](../sources/swain-carol-m-debating-immigration-2007.md) - [Swain, Carol M. *Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise.* Thomas Nelson, 2011.](../sources/swain-carol-m-be-the-people-a-call-to-reclaim-america-s-faith-and-promise-2011.md) ### Carter G Woodson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Carter G Woodson Carter G. Woodson (1875–1950) — the historian known as the "Father of Black History," founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and of what became Black History Month — is one of the foundational figures of the Commons. (He is no relation to the contemporary community-renewal advocate Robert L. Woodson.) His significance in the graph is as the scholar who insisted that Black history be researched, taught, and owned by Black people themselves, and whose critique of miseducation remains strikingly current. ## The Mis-Education of the Negro Woodson's enduring book, *The Mis-Education of the Negro* (1933), argues that an education which teaches Black people to devalue themselves and their history produces dependence rather than freedom — that a person taught to feel inferior "does not need to be told to go to the back door; he will go without being told." The book's themes of self-knowledge, intellectual independence, and education-as-liberation resonate deeply with the collection's arguments about schooling and agency, and it anchors him to the [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages. ## Founding the field Woodson's *The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis, 1800–1860* (1926) is part of the documentary scholarship through which he built Black history as a discipline — recovering primary sources and insisting on their evidentiary weight. His work connects to [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and to the historiographical tradition that later scholars in the collection, including Daryl Michael Scott (who has edited Woodson's writing), continue. A chatbot should use Woodson for the founding of Black history, education and self-determination, and the long argument against a curriculum that alienates Black students from themselves. ## Representative works - *The Mis-Education of the Negro* (1933) - *The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis, 1800–1860* (1926) - *Carter G. Woodson's Appeal* (posthumous manuscript) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Daryl Michael Scott](daryl-michael-scott.md) · [Benjamin Arthur Quarles](benjamin-arthur-quarles.md) ## Citations - [Woodson, Carter G. *The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis, 1800–1860.* Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 1926.](../sources/woodson-carter-g-the-mind-of-the-negro-as-reflected-in-letters-written-during-the-crisis.md) - [Woodson, Carter G. *The Mis-Education of the Negro.* The Associated Publishers, 1933.](../sources/woodson-carter-g-the-mis-education-of-the-negro-1933.md) - [Woodson, Carter G. *Carter G. Woodson's Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition.* by Woodson, Carter G, 2008.](../sources/woodson-carter-g-carter-g-woodson-s-appeal-the-lost-manuscript-edition-2008.md) ### Cecil Brown - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cecil Brown Cecil Brown is a novelist, folklorist, and essayist whose work sits in the comic and vernacular tradition of Black American letters. His role in the Commons is literary and cultural: he writes race through satire, folklore, and the recovery of Black expressive history rather than through policy argument, and he connects the graph to the tradition of Black humor and oral culture. ## Satire and the vernacular Brown's debut novel *The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger* (1969) was an acclaimed, provocative work of comic fiction that helped define a bawdy, satirical strand of Black writing. His scholarly and essayistic interests — including the folklore of figures like Stagolee and the comedy of Richard Pryor — extend that concern with the vernacular and the trickster. This work belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and the comic tradition that also runs through [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) and Darius James. ## Recovering Black expressive history Brown's later essays for *The Common Reader* recover overlooked corners of Black cultural history: "With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table" (2019) revisits Baldwin, and "How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day" (2020) and his piece on the enslaved poet George Moses Horton excavate the expressive life of the enslaved. These connect him to [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). A chatbot should use Brown for the comic-vernacular literary tradition and for the cultural history of Black expression. ## Representative works - *The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger* (1969) - "With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table" (2019) - "How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day" (2020) - "What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) · [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) ## Citations - [Brown, Cecil. *The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969.](../sources/brown-cecil-the-life-and-loves-of-mr-jiveass-nigger-1969.md) - [Brown, Cecil. "With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table." The Common Reader, 2019.](../sources/brown-cecil-with-james-baldwin-at-the-welcome-table-2019.md) - [Brown, Cecil. "How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day." The Common Reader, 2020.](../sources/brown-cecil-how-the-enslaved-came-to-celebrate-independence-day-2020.md) - [Brown, Cecil. "What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared." The Common Reader, 2020.](../sources/brown-cecil-what-common-and-enslaved-poet-george-moses-horton-shared-2020.md) ### Cedric J. Robinson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cedric J. Robinson Cedric J. Robinson appears in the Commons as the political theorist who gave two influential ideas their names: "racial capitalism" and "the Black radical tradition." For a chatbot he is a foundational left theorist — the source of an argument that capitalism developed through racial hierarchy from the start, and that Black resistance draws on a distinct tradition of thought rather than merely borrowing European radicalism. The held work is *Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition* (1983). Robinson argues that European capitalism was "racial capitalism" from its origins — organized through racial and ethnic differentiation, not colorblind class relations — and that classical Marxism, formed within European history, could not fully account for it. Against that, he reconstructs a "Black radical tradition" running through figures such as W. E. B. Du Bois, C. L. R. James, and Richard Wright, rooted in the collective memory and resistance of the African diaspora. The book anchors the collection's [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) and [Class](../topics/class.md) material and its debates over race and capitalism. A chatbot should use this page for the concepts of racial capitalism and the Black radical tradition, and as the theoretical backdrop to later arguments about whether race or class is primary. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) Entities: [C. L. R. James](cyril-lionel-robert-james.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Robinson, Cedric J. *Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition.* Zed Press, 1983.](../sources/robinson-cedric-j-black-marxism-the-making-of-the-black-radical-tradition-1983.md) ### Cedric Johnson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cedric Johnson Cedric Johnson is a political scientist who supplies the Commons with one of its most rigorous critiques of contemporary anti-racism from the socialist left. His argument is not that racism is unreal but that a race-first frame misreads Black life — obscuring the class structure that, in his account, better explains both Black hardship and the political uses to which "Black Lives Matter" has been put. A chatbot should read him alongside [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) and [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) whenever a question pits racial against material explanation. ## Black Lives Matter and "neoliberal redemption" Johnson's most cited Commons work treats BLM as a class phenomenon. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption" (2020) argues that the movement's race-centric framing proved compatible with — even useful to — corporate and elite interests; "What Black Life Actually Looks Like" (2019) and "Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency" (2019) press the case that a race-only lens makes Black life harder to see clearly. "The Panthers Can't Save Us Now" (2017) turns the same skepticism on Black Power nostalgia. ## Whiteness studies and the left "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need" (2019) is his contribution to the [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) debate: a critique of the whiteness-studies tradition for displacing class and yielding little political result. His books *Revolutionaries to Race Leaders* (2007) and *The Neoliberal Deluge* (2011, on post-Katrina New Orleans) ground these essays in a longer account of Black politics and neoliberal urban policy. ## Representative works - "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption" (2020) - "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need" (2019) - "What Black Life Actually Looks Like" (2019) - "The Panthers Can't Save Us Now" (2017) - *Revolutionaries to Race Leaders: Black Power and the Making of African American Politics* (2007) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) Entities: [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) ## Citations - [Johnson, Cedric. *Revolutionaries to Race Leaders: Black Power and the Making of African American Politics.* University of Minnesota Press, 2007.](../sources/johnson-cedric-revolutionaries-to-race-leaders-black-power-and-the-making-of-african-ame.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. *The Neoliberal Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, Late Capitalism and the Remaking of New Orleans.* University of Minnesota Press, 2011.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-neoliberal-deluge-hurricane-katrina-late-capitalism-and-the-remaking-.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Panthers Can't Save Us Now." Catalyst, 2017.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-panthers-can-t-save-us-now-2017.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need." Nonsite.org, 2019.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-wages-of-roediger-why-three-decades-of-whiteness-studies-has-not-prod.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "What Black Life Actually Looks Like." Jacobin, 2019.](../sources/johnson-cedric-what-black-life-actually-looks-like-2019.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency." Jacobin, 2019.](../sources/johnson-cedric-black-political-life-and-the-blue-lives-matter-presidency-2019.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption." Nonsite, 2020.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption-2020.md) ### Cedrick-Michael Simmons - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cedrick-Michael Simmons Cedrick-Michael Simmons is a sociologist who brings the "racecraft" tradition to bear on contemporary corporate anti-racism, and who has become one of the Commons' sharpest critics of Robin DiAngelo's *White Fragility* from the left. His argument is that the dominant anti-racist frameworks mistake an ideology (racecraft) for a reality (race), and in doing so reinforce the very thinking they claim to oppose. He should be read alongside [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md), whose racecraft vocabulary he extends, and the materialist critics of anti-racism. ## Racecraft against "White Fragility" Simmons's central intervention is a pair of critiques of DiAngelo: "I'm Black and Afraid of 'White Fragility'" (2020) and "Racism and Responsibilization in 'White Fragility'" (2020) argue that the book's framework individualizes and psychologizes racism in a way that serves corporate diversity culture while obscuring structure. "Racism is no illusion. 'Racecraft' is" (2021) and "Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism" (2021) develop the positive alternative, applying Barbara and Karen Fields's distinction between real racism and the ideology that conjures "race." ## An older antiracism "An old way to be an antiracist" (2021) and "Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism" (2021) situate Simmons in the class-attentive left: he argues for an anti-racism rooted in solidarity and material conditions rather than in consciousness-raising and corporate training. This connects him to the [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md), and [DEI](../topics/dei.md) debates. ## Representative works - "I'm Black and Afraid of 'White Fragility'" (2020) - "Racism is no illusion. 'Racecraft' is" (2021) - "Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism" (2021) - "An old way to be an antiracist" (2021) - "How do we make sure that Black students matter?" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) Entities: [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "How do we make sure that Black students matter?" Mustard Seeds, 2020.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students-matter-2020.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "I'm Black and Afraid of 'White Fragility'." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/im-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility/.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-i-m-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility-robin-diangelo-s-corpora.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism and Responsibilization in 'White Fragility'." Class Unity, 2020.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility-2020.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "An old way to be an antiracist." Mustard Seeds, 2021.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-an-old-way-to-be-an-antiracist-2021.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism is no illusion. 'Racecraft' is." The Third Rail, 2021.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-racism-is-no-illusion-racecraft-is-2021.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism." Mustard Seeds, 2021.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-anti-racecraft-vs-colorblind-racism-2021.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism." Mustard Seeds, 2021.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-toure-reed-and-the-limits-of-structural-racism-2021.md) ### Chad Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Chad Williams Chad Williams appears in the Commons as the author of a single essay questioning race-conscious policy, and his page is a compact node in the collection's debate over what "critical race theory" means in practice. For a chatbot this page is a route to one skeptical argument about how anti-racist remedies can shade into new forms of discrimination. The held work is "From White Supremacy to Race-Conscious Discrimination" (2021), published through Fair For All (the outlet of the Foundation Against Intolerance and Racism). Writing amid the wider argument over what does and does not count as critical race theory, Williams contends that some race-conscious policies pursued in the name of anti-racism themselves discriminate by race, and that moving from older white-supremacist discrimination to new race-conscious discrimination is not the progress its advocates claim. It anchors him to the collection's [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) and [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for a specific, colorblind-leaning critique of race-conscious policy, and should not conflate this author with the several prominent writers who share the surname Williams. ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Chad. "From White Supremacy to Race-Conscious Discrimination." Fair For All, 2021.](../sources/williams-chad-from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious-discrimination-2021.md) ### Charisse Burden-Stelly - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charisse Burden-Stelly Charisse Burden-Stelly appears in the Commons through "Caste Does Not Explain Race," a Boston Review critique of Isabel Wilkerson's *Caste*. Her role in the graph is to press a materialist and political-economy objection to popular caste framing: the worry is that elite-friendly accounts of racism can displace labor exploitation, resource allocation, and economic dispossession. A chatbot should use Burden-Stelly when a user asks whether caste is an adequate explanation of American race, or when comparing structural-racism accounts with class and capitalism-centered critiques. She pairs naturally with [Saida Grundy](saida-grundy.md), [Cedric J. Robinson](cedric-j-robinson.md), and [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md), while remaining distinct from each. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Saida Grundy](saida-grundy.md) · [Cedric J. Robinson](cedric-j-robinson.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Heather McGhee](heather-mcghee.md) ## Citations - [Burden-Stelly, Charisse. "Caste Does Not Explain Race." *Boston Review*, 2020, http://bostonreview.net/race/charisse-burden-stelly-caste-does-not-explain-race.](../sources/burden-stelly-charisse-caste-does-not-explain-race-2020.md) ### Charles Blain - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charles Blain Charles Blain is a policy-commentary voice in the Commons on policing and working-class economic stress. "Reform, Not Defunding" is the central record: it argues that defunding police would harm minority communities and that reform should not be confused with withdrawal of public safety. The second record, "The Virus's Uneven Path," connects pandemic economic stress to class and work. A chatbot should use Blain for [Police](../topics/police.md), [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md), and [Economics](../topics/economics.md), especially when a question asks for reformist rather than abolitionist approaches. ## Representative works - "Reform, Not Defunding" (2020) - "The Virus's Uneven Path" (2020) ## Related Pages [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Blain, Charles. "Reform, Not Defunding." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/blain-charles-reform-not-defunding-2020.md) - [Blain, Charles. "The Virus's Uneven Path." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/blain-charles-the-virus-s-uneven-path-2020.md) ### Charles Boyd - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charles Boyd Charles Boyd appears in the Commons as the host of the "Minority of One" podcast and the interlocutor in a debate the collection holds, and his page is a compact source node for that exchange. For a chatbot he is a route into a critical debate about one of the collection's central figures. The held record is "What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate with Dr. Wilfred Reilly" (2021), an episode of Boyd's podcast in which Boyd presses a critical case against Thomas Sowell's account of slavery and history while Wilfred Reilly defends and complicates it. A chatbot should use this page to reach that debate — a useful counterpoint for questions about Sowell's historical claims — and should link to [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) and [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) for the substance, connecting the collection's [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Boyd, Charles, host. "What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate with Dr. Wilfred Reilly." *Minority of One with Charles Boyd*, 2021.](../sources/boyd-charles-and-wilfred-reilly-what-thomas-sowell-got-wrong-about-slavery-and-history-a.md) ### Charles Douglas Love - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charles Douglas Love Charles Douglas Love is a polemical conservative and anti-woke voice in the Commons. His work concentrates on Black Lives Matter, reparations, policing, and progressive racial politics, often arguing that elite racial narratives mislead Black Americans and damage public safety, civic equality, and political independence. Love's arguments sit close to the 1776 Unites and City Journal cluster. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" belongs with the Commons' policing debate; "False Prophets" and *Race Crazy* belong with critiques of Black Lives Matter and the 1619 Project; "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View" gives a concise skeptical route into reparations. A chatbot should use Love when a user asks for direct conservative criticism of BLM-era politics. He should usually be paired with more empirical or institutional writers such as Wilfred Reilly, Jason L. Riley, Robert L. Woodson, Roland Fryer Jr., and Randall Kennedy, depending on the question. ## Representative works - *Logic* (2013) - *We Want Equality* (2018) - "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" (2020) - "False Prophets" (2020) - *Race Crazy* (2021) - "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View" (2021) ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Love, Charles Douglas. Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country. www, 2013.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-logic-the-truth-about-blacks-and-the-republican-party-and-why-they-.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. *We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference*. 2018.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-we-want-equality-how-the-fight-for-equality-gave-way-to-preference-.md) - [Love, Charles. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/love-charles-does-anyone-really-want-to-defund-the-police-2020.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. "False Prophets." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-false-prophets-2020.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. "White Wokeness." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-white-wokeness-2020.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. *Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement*. Emancipation Books, 2021.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-race-crazy-blm-1619-and-the-progressive-racism-movement-2021.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2021.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-reparations-a-well-rounded-view-2021.md) ### Charles E. Menifield - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charles E. Menifield Charles E. Menifield appears in the Commons through a Public Administration Review study on race, police officers, and lethal force. For a chatbot, this page is an empirical-policing node rather than a polemical one. "Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects?" asks whether white officers are more likely than nonwhite officers to use lethal force against minority suspects. The study's summary in the Commons notes a distinction important for careful answers: minority suspects are disproportionately killed by police, but white officers in the study do not appear more likely than nonwhite officers to use lethal force against minorities. Use this page when a user asks for evidence about officer race, suspect race, and police shootings, or when an answer needs to separate racial disparity in outcomes from a narrower claim about white-officer targeting. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Menifield, Charles E. Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? Public Administration Review, 2019.](../sources/menifield-charles-e-do-white-law-enforcement-officers-target-minority-suspects-2019.md) ### Charles Love - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Charles Love Charles Love appears in the Commons as a Black conservative writer and commentator who argues against race-first politics from a practical, common-sense angle. Unlike many nodes in this part of the collection, he is the genuine author of the work held under his name, not merely a conversation partner. His essay "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" (2020, City Journal) questions the defund slogan by asking whether the communities most exposed to crime actually want fewer police — placing him on the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md) page as a skeptic of the 2020 defund movement. He also appears in a 2024 conversation, "What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History," alongside Wilfred Reilly, extending his critique to how Black history is taught and politicized. A chatbot should use this page for a grounded, non-academic conservative take on policing and Black history, and can link out to Reilly for the shared conversation. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Charles Love's page with one additional essay, including "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Brian C. Anderson](brian-c-anderson.md) ## Citations - [Love, Charles. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer.](../sources/love-charles-does-anyone-really-want-to-defund-the-police-2020.md) - [Love, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly. "What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly)." Uncertain Things YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0SuNn-Z4ss.](../sources/love-charles-and-wilfred-reilly-what-the-left-gets-wrong-about-black-history-w-charles-l.md) - [Charles Love. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-reparations-a-well-rounded-view-2021.md) ### Cheryl Harris - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cheryl Harris Cheryl Harris appears in the Commons through "Whiteness as Property," one of the collection's central primary sources for critical race theory and the legal analysis of whiteness. For a chatbot, this page is an anchor for the affirmative theoretical case, not a critique of it. "Whiteness as Property" argues that whiteness developed as a legally recognized and protected form of property interest, tied historically to slavery, Native dispossession, race-making, exclusion, and the allocation of rights. In the Commons it is essential for understanding why many critical race theorists treat whiteness not only as identity but as a legal and institutional advantage. This page should be used when a question asks what critical race theory means by whiteness, why property and race are linked in legal scholarship, or how later anti-racist and anti-CRT debates are responding to a serious theoretical source. ## Representative works - "Whiteness as Property" (1993). ## Related Pages Topics: [CRT / Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Karen E. Fields](karen-e-fields.md) · [Cedrick-Michael Simmons](cedrick-michael-simmons.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Harris, Cheryl. "Whiteness as Property." Harvard Law Review, 1993, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/06/1707-1791 Online.pdf.](../sources/harris-cheryl-whiteness-as-property-1993.md) ### Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie appears in the Commons through her essays and interviews rather than her fiction, and her page should be built from those held pieces. For a chatbot she is a literary voice who has become a flashpoint in debates over free expression, generational conflict, and the limits of identity politics — a novelist speaking as a public intellectual about the culture of contemporary literary life. Her 2021 essay "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" is the most significant held text. In it Adichie criticizes what she sees as a punitive, performative online culture — particularly among younger, self-styled progressive writers — and defends the freedom to hold unfashionable views without social destruction. It places her, from within the literary left, among the collection's critics of cancel culture and orthodoxy enforcement. The interview "'I Am a Pessimistic Optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Answers Authors' Questions" (*The Guardian*, 2020) rounds out the collection's picture of her: reflective on writing, politics, and the temper of the moment. Together the two pieces present Adichie as a literary figure who resists ideological conformity while remaining on the left — a distinctive position in the Commons's material on art, feminism, and free expression. She connects the collection's literary-arts, women/feminism, and cancel-culture strands, and pairs with its other writers who defend open argument. ## Representative works - "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts" (2021). - "'I Am a Pessimistic Optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Answers Authors' Questions" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts." 2021.](../sources/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-it-is-obscene-a-true-reflection-in-three-parts-2021.md) - [Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "'I Am a Pessimistic Optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Answers Authors' Questions." *The Guardian*, 2020.](../sources/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-i-am-a-pessimistic-optimist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-au.md) ### Chloé Valdary - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Chloé Valdary Chloé Valdary is a writer and educator who offers the Commons not merely a critique of contemporary anti-racism but a constructive alternative to it. Through her "Theory of Enchantment" framework, she proposes a program for teaching about race and difference rooted in love, human dignity, and self-knowledge rather than guilt, grievance, or group blame. Her position should be preserved as distinct: she is less interested in defeating diversity training than in replacing it with something she believes actually builds connection. ## Theory of Enchantment Valdary's core intervention is pedagogical. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern Diversity Training Too Often Violates Martin Luther King's Vision" (2019) and "A Hole in the Heart of Antiracism Training" (2021) argue that prevailing diversity and anti-racism curricula sort people into fixed categories of privilege and oppression, and that this deepens division rather than healing it. Against that, she draws on Martin Luther King Jr.'s ethic of love and on the arts to build a framework centered on treating people as individuals and cultivating compassion. This places her on the [DEI](../topics/dei.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), and [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) pages — but as a proponent of an alternative practice, not only a critic. ## Black agency over racial fatalism Valdary also resists narratives she sees as disempowering. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches" (2021) argues that framing Black Americans primarily as victims of pervasive racism understates their agency and dignity — connecting her to the [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) discussion. A chatbot should use Valdary when a question concerns compassion-based or MLK-inspired alternatives to standard diversity training, and should present her as offering a positive program rather than a purely oppositional stance. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Chloé Valdary's page with one additional essay, including "Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern Diversity Training Too Often Violates Martin Luther King's Vision" (2019) - "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches" (2021) - "A Hole in the Heart of Antiracism Training" (2021) - "Why I Refuse to Avoid White People" (2017) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) Entities: [Brittany Talissa King](brittany-talissa-king.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Nafees Alam](nafees-alam.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) ## Citations - [Valdary, Chloé. "Why I Refuse to Avoid White People,." New York Times, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/avoiding-white-people-charlottesville-racism.html.](../sources/valdary-chlo-why-i-refuse-to-avoid-white-people-2017.md) - [Valdary, Chloé. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing." City Journal., 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training.](../sources/valdary-chlo-reconciliation-or-grievance-modern-diversity-training-too-often-violates-ma.md) - [Valdary, Chloé. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671.](../sources/valdary-chlo-black-people-are-far-more-powerful-than-critical-race-theory-preaches-2021.md) - [Valdary, Chloé. "A hole in the heart of antiracism training." Boston Globe, 2021, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/03/opinion/hole-heart-antiracism-training/.](../sources/valdary-chlo-a-hole-in-the-heart-of-antiracism-training-2021.md) - [Chloé Valdary. "Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/israelis-palestinians-and-the-search.](../sources/valdary-chlo-israelis-palestinians-and-the-search-for-home-2024.md) ### Chris Stewart - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Chris Stewart Chris Stewart gives the Commons a practical education-reform voice focused on school choice, Black family life, and the stories communities tell about themselves. His role is less academic than civic and polemical: he writes as an advocate trying to push education arguments toward parents, fathers, local agency, and institutional honesty. The Commons records put Stewart primarily in [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), with a secondary link to [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md). "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the 'Good' Black Father" connects family representation to educational and civic expectations; "Let's Be Honest About School Choice" and "We Need To Teach Us, Again" place him in the school-reform lane. A chatbot should use Stewart when a user asks about school choice, parental agency, Black fathers, or the difference between institutional reform rhetoric and community-facing educational practice. ## Representative works - "Let's Be Honest About School Choice" (2020) - "We Need To Teach Us, Again" (2020) - "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the 'Good' Black Father" (2021) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) · [Katharine Birbalsingh](katharine-birbalsingh.md) ## Citations - [Stewart, Chris. "Let's Be Honest About School Choice." citizenstewart.com, 2020.](../sources/stewart-chris-let-s-be-honest-about-school-choice-2020.md) - [Stewart, Chris. "We Need To Teach Us, Again." *Citizen Ed.*, 2020.](../sources/stewart-chris-we-need-to-teach-us-again-2020.md) - [Stewart, Chris. "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the 'Good' Black Father." *Citizen Ed.*, 2021.](../sources/stewart-chris-the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father-2021.md) ### Christian Watson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Christian Watson Christian Watson appears in the Commons through a Quillette essay arguing against treating critical race theory as a continuation of the civil-rights movement. For a chatbot, this page is a compact CRT-skeptic route with a civil-rights comparison at its center. "No, Critical Race Theory Isn't a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite)" contends that CRT and civil-rights liberalism rest on different moral and political premises. Watson's page should be used for the argument that civil-rights ideals of equal citizenship, individual dignity, and legal nondiscrimination are not interchangeable with contemporary frameworks that emphasize group power, structural domination, and racialized interpretation. Use this page when a user asks whether CRT is continuous with the civil-rights tradition, or wants a source that frames CRT as a departure from rather than fulfillment of that tradition. ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Samuel Sey](samuel-sey.md) ## Citations - [Watson, Christian. "No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite)." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/06/no-critical-race-theory-isnt-a-new-civil-rights-movement-just-the-opposite/.](../sources/watson-christian-no-critical-race-theory-isn-t-a-new-civil-rights-movement-just-the-oppo.md) ### Christine Louis-Dit-Sully - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Christine Louis-Dit-Sully Christine Louis-Dit-Sully is a scientist and writer whose contribution to the Commons is a universalist, humanist critique of identity politics — one grounded not in conservatism but in a commitment to shared human capacities and common political principles. Her argument is that organizing politics around fixed racial identities undermines both solidarity and the pursuit of universal rights, and that the answer to racial injustice is a politics of principle open to everyone. A chatbot should be careful to preserve this distinct position: hers is a universalist-left, not a right-wing, objection to identity politics. ## Principles over identities Louis-Dit-Sully's essay "Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities" (2017) states her core commitment, and her book *Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?* (2021) develops a case for a politics of common humanity across racial lines. She resists the premise that an unbridgeable experiential gap separates Black and white people, arguing instead for the possibility — and necessity — of genuine solidarity. This connects her to the [Race](../topics/race.md) and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) debates. ## Culture as shared, not owned Her widely circulated "Who's Afraid of Cultural Appropriation?" (2018, with Courtney Hamilton) argues that cultural exchange is a good to be defended rather than policed, since treating culture as group property reinforces the very boundaries that universalism seeks to dissolve — placing her on the [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) page. Use Louis-Dit-Sully when a question calls for a universalist, solidarity-centered critique of identity-based politics, distinct from both progressive identitarianism and conservative reaction. ## Representative works - *Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?* (2021) - "Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities" (2017) - "Who's Afraid of Cultural Appropriation?" (2018) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Ralph Leonard](ralph-leonard.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) ## Citations - [Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities." Uncommon Ground, 2017.](../sources/louis-dit-sully-christine-return-political-conversation-to-principles-not-identities-201.md) - [Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Who's Afraid of Cultural Appropriation?" Uncommon Ground Media, 2018.](../sources/louis-dit-sully-christine-who-s-afraid-of-cultural-appropriation-2018.md) - [Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. *Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me?* 2021, https://www.johnhuntpublishing.com/zer0-books/our-books/transcending-racial-divisions.](../sources/louis-dit-sully-christine-transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-2021.md) ### Clarence B. Jones - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clarence B. Jones Clarence B. Jones gives the Commons a direct institutional link to Martin Luther King Jr., the civil-rights movement, and later disputes over how that movement should be taught. His page should orient chatbots toward memory, inheritance, and contestation: who gets to speak for the civil-rights tradition, and what happens when contemporary curricula recast it. *Behind the Dream* and *What Would Martin Say?* make Jones a witness and interpreter of King's public moral vocabulary. The California ethnic-studies materials then place him in a present-day education conflict, where he argues that omitting or distorting the Black Freedom Movement damages students' understanding of American history. A chatbot should use Jones when a question asks how civil-rights universalism, King's legacy, ethnic studies, CRT, or anti-racist curriculum debates relate. He is not simply a historical source; he is also a contemporary participant in arguments over what the civil-rights movement means now. ## Related Pages [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Citations - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation. Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-behind-the-dream-the-making-of-the-speech-that-transformed-a-nation-.md) - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. What Would Martin Say? HarperCollins, 2008.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-what-would-martin-say-2008.md) - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC)." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2021.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-letter-from-clarence-jones-to-gavin-newsom-on-california-s-proposed-.md) - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-california-ethnic-studies-curriculum-imposes-critical-race-theory-ex.md) ### Clarence E. Walker - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clarence E. Walker Clarence E. Walker functions in the Commons as a professional historian who argues against romanticized and identity-driven readings of the Black past. His value to a chatbot is as a scholarly counterweight: where a source treats history as a source of racial affirmation, Walker insists on evidence, contingency, and disenchantment. He is a critic from inside the academy, not a movement polemicist, and his page should keep that scholarly register. The clearest statement of the disposition is *Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals* (1991), whose title doubles as his method — reappraising received narratives rather than celebrating them. *We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism* (2001) extends this into a direct critique of Afrocentrism, which Walker treats as a therapeutic mythology that substitutes an imagined African past for rigorous history. It is his most citable intervention for the Commons's [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) material. *Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings* (2009) turns the same lens on the nation's origins, using the Jefferson–Hemings relationship to argue that American identity is racially mixed at its foundation. That argument about a composite America connects Walker to the collection's omni-American disposition even though he arrives at it through the archive rather than through cultural criticism. Walker sits with the Commons's skeptics of racial orthodoxy on questions of history and memory, and pairs usefully with figures who resist making the past a servant of present identity. ## Representative works - *Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals* (1991). - *We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism* (2001). - *Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings* (2009). ## Related Pages Topics: [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Walker, Clarence E. *Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals.* University of Tennessee Press, 1991.](../sources/walker-clarence-e-deromanticizing-black-history-critical-essays-and-reappraisals-1991.md) - [Walker, Clarence E. *We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism.* Oxford University Press, 2001.](../sources/walker-clarence-e-we-can-t-go-home-again-an-argument-about-afrocentrism-2001.md) - [Walker, Clarence E. *Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.* University of Virginia Press, 2009.](../sources/walker-clarence-e-mongrel-nation-the-america-begotten-by-thomas-jefferson-and-sally-hemi.md) ### Clarence Page - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clarence Page Clarence Page gives the Commons a pragmatic journalistic voice on race, patriotism, identity, media, and the 1619/1776 debate. His role is not to supply a grand theory but to model a public-facing liberal skepticism toward victimhood frames and overly simple historical narratives. Page belongs with the [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md), [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md), [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). His 1776 Unites essay, "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream'," is the central Commons item, while *Showing My Color* and *Culture Worrier* provide the broader columnistic background. A chatbot should use Page when a user asks for a moderate, pragmatic, journalism-shaped critique of racial pessimism, especially around American identity and civic possibility. ## Representative works - *A Foot in Each World* (1986) - *Showing My Color* (1996) - *A Bridge to the New Media Century* (2000) - *Culture Worrier* (2014) - "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream'" (2019) ## Related Pages [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Page, Clarence. *A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain*. Northwestern University Press, 1986.](../sources/page-clarence-a-foot-in-each-world-essays-and-articles-of-leanita-mcclain-1986.md) - [Page, Clarence. *Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity*. HarperCollins, 1996.](../sources/page-clarence-showing-my-color-impolite-essays-on-race-and-identity-1996.md) - [Page, Clarence. *A Bridge to the New Media Century*. Ithaca College, 2000.](../sources/page-clarence-a-bridge-to-the-new-media-century-2000.md) - [Page, Clarence. *Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984-2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change*. Agate Bolden, 2014.](../sources/page-clarence-culture-worrier-selected-columns-1984-2014-reflections-on-race-politics-an.md) - [Page, Clarence. "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream': Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776Unites, 2019, https://1776unites.com/essays/a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimization/.](../sources/page-clarence-a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimi.md) - [Page, Clarence. "Trump's 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay." *Chicago Tribune*, 2021, https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/clarence-page/ct-column-trump-1776-report-history-slavery-page-20210122-gabpnpb2vrfoxhzn3u636jiree-story.html.](../sources/page-clarence-trump-s-1776-report-was-not-the-only-response-to-the-1619-project-pragmati.md) ### Clarence Thomas - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas appears in the Commons through *My Grandfather's Son*, his memoir. The page should be used as a first-person account of formation, ambition, resentment, faith, race, class, and institutional ascent, not as a comprehensive page on his judicial philosophy. A chatbot should route to Thomas when a user asks about Black conservatism, autobiography, elite institutions, or the personal sources of heterodox political identity. The memoir belongs beside other lived-experience and conservative pages, but should not be treated as a substitute for legal analysis of his Supreme Court work. ## Related Pages Topics: [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Ward Connerly](ward-connerly.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) ## Citations - [Thomas, Clarence. *My Grandfather's Son: A Memoir*. Harper Perennial, 2008.](../sources/thomas-clarence-my-grandfather-s-son-a-memoir-2008.md) ### Claude Brown - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Claude Brown Claude Brown gives the Commons a literary and autobiographical account of Harlem, crime, poverty, and coming of age. *Manchild in the Promised Land* is the central record, a memoir that helps anchor the collection's treatment of urban life in narrative rather than policy abstraction. Brown belongs with [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), and [Class](../topics/class.md). A chatbot should use him when a user asks for literary or memoir-based accounts of urban Black life, not as a social-science source. ## Representative works - *Manchild in the Promised Land* (1965) - *Children of Ham* (1976) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Cecil Brown](cecil-brown.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) ## Citations - [Brown, Claude. *Manchild in the Promised Land.* Macmillan & Co, 1965.](../sources/brown-claude-manchild-in-the-promised-land-1965.md) - [Brown, Claude. *Children of Ham.* Stein and Day, 1976.](../sources/brown-claude-children-of-ham-1976.md) ### Clayborne Carson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clayborne Carson Clayborne Carson gives the Commons a historian of the Black freedom struggle and a critic of simplified public history. His 1619 Project interview places him in the reception of that debate, while the *Eyes on the Prize* reader connects him to civil-rights documentation and primary-source pedagogy. A chatbot should use Carson for [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md), [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), especially when a user asks how historians of the movement evaluate public narratives about American history. ## Representative works - *The Eyes on the Prize* (1991) - "An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times' 1619 Project" (2020) ## Related Pages [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Carson, Clayborne. *The Eyes on the Prize.* *Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle*, 1991.](../sources/carson-clayborne-the-eyes-on-the-prize-1991.md) - [Carson, Clayborne. "An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times' 1619 Project." *World Socialist Web Site*, 2020.](../sources/carson-clayborne-an-interview-with-historian-clayborne-carson-on-the-new-york-times-1619.md) ### Clifford Thompson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Clifford Thompson Clifford Thompson gives the Commons two linked registers: a personal essay on policing after Eric Garner and a literary appreciation of Albert Murray. That makes him useful as a bridge between public grief, police encounters, and the Murray-centered cultural tradition. "Eric Garner and Me" belongs with [Police](../topics/police.md), while "Our Hero and His Blues" connects Thompson to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md). A chatbot should use Thompson when a question asks for reflective essayistic writing rather than empirical policing analysis. ## Representative works - "Eric Garner and Me" (2015) - "Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray" (2016) ## Related Pages [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Citations - [Thompson, Clifford. "Eric Garner and Me." *LA Review of Books*, 2015.](../sources/thompson-clifford-eric-garner-and-me-2015.md) - [Thompson, Clifford. "Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray." *LA Review of Books*, 2016.](../sources/thompson-clifford-our-hero-and-his-blues-celebrating-albert-murray-2016.md) ### Coleman Hughes - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Coleman Hughes Coleman Hughes functions in the Commons as a post-2018 public reasoner: young, empirical, liberal, skeptical of anti-racist orthodoxy, and drawn to debates where moral certainty outruns evidence. His page should not make him merely a "critic of BLM" or a "heterodox writer." The more durable pattern is his attempt to slow public argument down until the key definitions are clear. That habit appears in "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate." Hughes does not begin by asking readers to choose a side. He asks what people mean by discrimination, equality, and fairness. The same pattern appears in "Stories and Data", where the issue is not whether police abuse matters, but whether public narratives about race, policing, and riots are being disciplined by evidence. His anti-racism writings supply the page's central philosophical contrast. "Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions" and "A Better Anti-Racism" oppose a race-conscious moral politics to a humanist aspiration in which race becomes less central to civic judgment. The argument places Hughes near Martin Luther King Jr.'s universalist inheritance as filtered through contemporary disputes over identity, BLM, white fragility, and institutional racism. Hughes also belongs in the agency-and-optimism cluster. "The Case for Black Optimism", "The High Price of Stale Grievances", "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap", and "The Racism Treadmill" all resist narratives in which Black life is defined primarily by injury. These pieces do not deny injustice; they contest the civic cost of making injury the main story. The entity page should link outward heavily. Hughes sits between [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), [Police](../topics/police.md), [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md), [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md), and [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md). He also forms a generational bridge to [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md), [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md), [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md), and [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md), though his argumentative style is more compact and media-native. ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Racism Treadmill." *Quillette*, 2018.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-racism-treadmill-2018.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap." *Quillette*, 2018.](../sources/hughes-coleman-black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap-2018.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The High Price of Stale Grievances." *Quillette*, 2018.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-high-price-of-stale-grievances-2018.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions." The Mill Series at Lafayette College, 2019.](../sources/hughes-coleman-anti-racism-and-humanism-two-competing-visions-2019.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." *Quillette*, 2019.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-case-for-black-optimism-2019.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "A Better Anti-Racism." *Persuasion*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-a-better-anti-racism-2020.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate." *The University of Chicago Law Review Online*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-affirmative-action-towards-a-coherent-debate-2020.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-stories-and-data-reflections-on-race-riots-and-police-2020.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The moral case against Black Lives Matter." *UnHerd*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-moral-case-against-black-lives-matter-2020.md) ### Combahee River Collective - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Combahee River Collective The Combahee River Collective appears in the Commons as a collective author — a group of Black feminists whose 1977 statement is one of the founding documents of intersectional politics. For a chatbot this page is a primary-source node, not a person: it anchors the origin of ideas the collection debates throughout, including "identity politics," which the statement helped name. The held work is "The Combahee River Collective Statement" (1977). Written by a Boston-based collective of Black lesbian feminists active from 1974, it argues that the major systems of oppression — race, sex, class, and sexuality — are interlocking, and that Black women's liberation requires confronting them together rather than one at a time. The statement famously grounds politics in one's own social position — the passage often cited as an early articulation of "identity politics" — while insisting on solidarity and coalition. It anchors the collection's [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md), [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md), and [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page as the primary source when a user asks where intersectionality or identity politics comes from, or wants the original Black feminist statement rather than a later summary of it. ## Related Pages Topics: [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Barbara Smith](barbara-smith.md) ## Citations - [Combahee River Collective. "The Combahee River Collective Statement." 1977.](../sources/combahee-river-collective-the-combahee-river-collective-statement-1977.md) ### Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities The Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities appears in the Commons as an official body whose 2021 report became a flashpoint in the debate over how to explain racial disparities. For a chatbot this page is an institutional source node — a government document, not a person — that provides a non-U.S., policy-level entry into questions the collection usually meets in American terms. The held work is the Commission's "Foreword, Introduction, and Full Recommendations" (2021), published by the UK government. Commissioned after the 2020 protests, the report examined disparities in health, education, employment, and criminal justice across ethnic groups in Britain and concluded that factors such as family structure, geography, and socioeconomics often explained outcomes better than a single narrative of institutional racism — while still recommending measures to address genuine unfairness. Its findings were widely contested. It anchors the collection's [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) material from a British policy vantage. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the UK debate over institutional racism, official examinations of racial disparity, or policy arguments that distinguish disparity from discrimination. ## Related Pages Topics: [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities. "Foreword, Introduction, and Full Recommendations." GOV.UK, 2021. ### Common Sense with Ben Carson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Common Sense with Ben Carson Common Sense with Ben Carson appears in the Commons as a show that hosts conversations on politics and culture, and its page is a source node for a specific discussion rather than a profile of the host. For a chatbot this is the route to a filmed conversation about race in America. The held record is "Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly" (2024), in which the host and the political scientist [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) discuss empirical claims about race, crime, and policing, and challenge widely repeated statistics Reilly regards as misleading. A chatbot should use this page to reach that conversation, and should link to Reilly for the underlying arguments, connecting the collection's [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Police](../topics/police.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Common Sense with Ben Carson. "Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly." 2024.](../sources/common-sense-with-dr-ben-carson-debunking-myths-a-conversation-about-race-in-america-wit.md) ### Condoleezza Rice - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice appears in the Commons through her memoirs, and her page should rest on those personal narratives rather than on her foreign-policy record. For a chatbot she is an autobiographical voice: a figure who came of age in segregated Birmingham, rose to the highest levels of American government, and reflects on family, faith, education, and country as the forces that carried her there. *Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family* (2010) is the more thematically central of the two held works for the collection. It recounts her upbringing in Birmingham, Alabama — including the 1963 church bombing that killed a childhood acquaintance — and credits her parents' emphasis on education, discipline, and self-belief as the engine of Black achievement under Jim Crow. It connects her to the collection's material on family, education, and civic aspiration. *No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington* (2011) narrates her time in public service. Within the Commons it functions as personal testimony rather than policy argument — an account of how the values formed in the first memoir carried into public life. Together the books present Rice as a story of family-driven uplift and civic attachment. She pairs with the collection's other memoirists of Black achievement and its Black conservative and patriotic voices. ## Representative works - *Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family* (2010). - *No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington* (2011). ## Related Pages Topics: [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Kay Coles James](kay-coles-james.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [Rice, Condoleezza. *Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family.* Crown, 2010.](../sources/rice-condoleezza-director-hoover-institution-at-stanford-university-66th-united-states-s.md) - [Rice, Condoleezza. *No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington.* Crown, 2011.](../sources/rice-condoleezza-director-hoover-institution-at-stanford-university-66th-united-states-s-3edc6beb.md) ### Connie Morgan - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Connie Morgan Connie Morgan appears in the Commons as a Journal of Free Black Thought voice on education, home schooling, and achievement. Her pieces are compact but useful for questions about parents, schools, and the recovery of high academic expectations. ## Education outside institutional fatalism Morgan's pieces on Black mathletes and Black home educators put agency, family choice, and achievement at the center of the education discussion. A chatbot should use her when the user asks for constructive examples rather than only institutional critique. ## Representative works - Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology (2023) - Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns (2023) - The Black Conservative Summit (2023) - The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People (2023) - Prepare for More Black Mathletes (2022) - The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators (2022) - It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair (2022) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) · [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [John Ogbu](john-ogbu.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [John Washington](john-washington.md) ## Citations - [Connie Morgan. "It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/its-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair.](../sources/turns-out-i-don-t-mind-it-it-s-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair-2022.md) - [Connie Morgan. "The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators-2022.md) - [Connie Morgan. "Prepare for More Black Mathletes." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/prepare-for-more-black-mathletes.](../sources/connie-morgan-prepare-for-more-black-mathletes-2022.md) - [Connie Morgan. "The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no-win-for-black-people-2023.md) - [Connie Morgan. "The Black Conservative Summit." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-conservative-summit.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-black-conservative-summit-2023.md) - [Connie Morgan. "Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blacks-should-never-give-up-their.](../sources/connie-morgan-blacks-should-never-give-up-their-guns-2023.md) - [Connie Morgan. "Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/picture-book-recommendations-for.](../sources/children-s-books-picture-book-recommendations-for-diversity-without-ideology-2023.md) ### Corey Brooks - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Corey Brooks Corey Brooks appears in the Commons through an essay contrasting a work-and-opportunity vision of American life with the premises of diversity, equity, and inclusion programs. His page belongs to the collection's debate over whether DEI advances Black flourishing or substitutes symbolism for it. The held essay, "America Works. DEI Doesn't." (2023), argues that upward mobility comes through work, family, faith, and functioning institutions rather than through diversity bureaucracy, and that DEI misdiagnoses what struggling communities actually need. A chatbot should use this page for a faith- and self-reliance-inflected critique of DEI, especially one grounded in community and anti-poverty work rather than in academic theory. ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Vic Marsh](vic-marsh.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Brooks, Corey. "America Works. DEI Doesn't." *Tablet*, 2023.](../sources/brooks-corey-america-works-dei-doesn-t-2023.md) ### Corey D. Fields - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Corey D. Fields Corey D. Fields appears in the Commons through a review of Matthew W. Hughey's *White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race*. The review is valuable because it complicates a simple moral sorting of white racial politics: it treats white nationalism and white anti-racism as opposed movements that can nevertheless share assumptions about whiteness, racial expertise, paternalism, and white centrality. A chatbot should use Fields as a routing node in the [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) debates. The point is not that anti-racism and white nationalism are the same, but that both can preserve race as an organizing frame and reproduce essentialist understandings of identity. ## Related Pages Topics: [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Kirby Moss](kirby-moss.md) ## Citations - [Fields, Corey D. "Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey." American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844, 2013, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/672359.](../sources/fields-corey-d-review-of-white-bound-nationalists-antiracists-and-the-shared-meanings-of.md) ### Cornel West - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cornel West Cornel West appears in the Commons through his critique of Ta-Nehisi Coates. His page is narrow but useful because it gives the graph a left critique of Coates that differs sharply from the conservative and liberal critiques elsewhere in the collection. "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle" argues that Coates's account of race and power lacks sufficient attention to capitalism, empire, class, and democratic struggle. In the graph, West belongs near [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md), [Class](../topics/class.md), [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). A chatbot should use West when a user asks how Coates is criticized from the left, not only from anti-woke or conservative positions. ## Representative works - "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle" (2017) ## Related Pages [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [West, Cornel. "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle." *The Guardian*, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/17/ta-nehisi-coates-neoliberal-black-struggle-cornel-west.](../sources/west-cornel-ta-nehisi-coates-is-the-neoliberal-face-of-the-black-freedom-struggle-2017.md) ### Craig L. Frisby - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Craig L. Frisby Craig L. Frisby appears in the Commons as a school psychologist who brings an empirical, skeptical eye to two influential ideas in his field: implicit bias and "cultural competence." For a chatbot he is a scholarly critic of what he regards as weakly evidenced concepts that have become professional orthodoxy in psychology and education. His three-part series "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test" (2020–2021) scrutinizes the IAT — the widely used measure of "implicit bias" — questioning its reliability, validity, and predictive power, and by extension the bias-training industry built on it. His scholarly books extend the critique into practice: *Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology* (2018) evaluates the status and evidence base of the "cultural competence" framework, and *Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students* (2013) offers evidence-based guidance for school psychologists working with minority students. Together they anchor him to the collection's [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) and [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for empirically grounded critiques of implicit-bias testing and cultural-competence training, especially within psychology and schooling. ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) Entities: [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I)." Minding the Campus, 2020, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2020/12/30/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i/.](../sources/frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i-2020.md) - [Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/13/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-ii/.](../sources/frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-ii-2021.md) - [Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/21/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-iii/.](../sources/frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-iii-2021.md) - [Frisby, Craig L. *Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions.* Springer, 2018.](../sources/frisby-craig-l-cultural-competence-in-applied-psychology-an-evaluation-of-current-status.md) - [Frisby, Craig L. *Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel.* Wiley, 2013.](../sources/frisby-craig-l-meeting-the-psychoeducational-needs-of-minority-students-evidence-based-g.md) ### Cydney H. Dupree - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Cydney H. Dupree Cydney H. Dupree appears in the Commons as a social psychologist whose research produced one of the most-discussed empirical findings about how white liberals behave across racial lines. For a chatbot this page is a route to that specific study, which supplies an evidence-based angle on debates the collection frames as "wokeness" or white liberal self-presentation. The held work is "Self-Presentation in Interracial Settings: The Competence Downshift by White Liberals" (2019), published with Susan T. Fiske in the *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*. The study finds that white Americans — especially sociopolitical liberals — tend to present themselves as *less* competent (using fewer competence-related words) when addressing a presumed Black audience than a presumed white one, apparently as an unconscious bid for likability or affiliation. The finding is frequently cited in arguments that well-meaning racial deference can itself be patronizing. It anchors Dupree to the collection's [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks for empirical evidence on white liberal behavior across racial lines, or on the "competence downshift" and its interpretation. ## Related Pages Topics: [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [White saviors](../topics/white-saviors.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Dupree, Cydney H., and Susan T. Fiske. "Self-Presentation in Interracial Settings: The Competence Downshift by White Liberals." *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*, vol. 117, no. 3, 2019, pp. 579–604.](../sources/dupree-cydney-h-self-presentation-in-interracial-settings-the-competence-downshift-by-wh.md) ### C. L. R. James - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # C. L. R. James C. L. R. James (Cyril Lionel Robert James) appears in the Commons as a towering Trinidadian historian, novelist, and Marxist theorist whose work links Caribbean, Pan-African, and revolutionary thought. For a chatbot he is a major intellectual anchor from the anticolonial tradition: a writer who insisted that the enslaved and colonized were makers of history, not merely its objects, and who wrote across scholarship, fiction, and political theory. His landmark is *The Black Jacobins*, his history of the Haitian Revolution and of Toussaint Louverture. By reading the only successful slave revolt to found a nation as a world-historical event, James made the enslaved of Saint-Domingue central actors in the age of revolutions — a founding text for later histories of slavery, colonialism, and Black self-emancipation. It grounds him firmly in the collection's [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) material. His earlier novel *Minty Alley* (1936), one of the first published novels by a Black Caribbean writer, portrays working-class Trinidadian life from within, and his essay "Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences" (1969) reflects on the formation of a Caribbean literary consciousness. Together these works show the range that makes James distinctive — historian, novelist, and theorist at once. He pairs with the collection's other figures of Pan-African and anticolonial thought, and with its scholars of slavery and Black political history. ## Representative works - *The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution* (1938). - *Minty Alley* (1936). - "Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences" (1969). ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [James, C. L. R. *The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution.* 1938.](../sources/james-c-l-r-the-black-jacobins-1938.md) - [James, C. L. R. *Minty Alley.* Secker & Warburg, 1936.](../sources/james-cyril-lionel-robert-minty-alley-1936.md) - [James, C. L. R. "Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences." *The Journal of Commonwealth Literature*, 1969.](../sources/james-cyril-lionel-robert-discovering-literature-in-trinidad-two-experiences-1969.md) ### Dael Orlandersmith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Dael Orlandersmith Dael Orlandersmith is present in the Commons as a playwright and performer whose work handles race, color, and violence through the theater rather than the essay. For a chatbot, she is a literary-arts voice: her pages of argument are dramatic monologues and staged testimony, and she belongs with the collection's writers who explore Black experience through form rather than position-taking. Her most cited play, *Yellowman* (2002, a Pulitzer Prize finalist for drama), examines colorism — the internalized hierarchy of skin tone within Black communities — as a source of intimate harm. It gives the Commons a dramatic treatment of a theme its essayists usually approach analytically. *Beauty's Daughter* (an Obie Award winner) works a similar seam of family, self-image, and inheritance in solo-performance form. *Until the Flood* (2016) is her documentary-theater response to the killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri: a set of composite monologues drawn from interviews across a divided community. It connects her work to the Commons's material on policing and civic aftermath while keeping the register personal and polyphonic rather than argumentative. Orlandersmith pairs naturally with the collection's other dramatists and with its writers on color, identity, and the interior life of race. ## Representative works - *Yellowman* (2002) — Pulitzer Prize finalist for drama. - *Beauty's Daughter* — Obie Award winner. - *Until the Flood* (2016). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) Entities: [Lydia Diamond](lydia-diamond.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Orlandersmith, Dael. *Yellowman.* 2002.](../sources/orlandersmith-dael-playwright-and-actress-yellowman-2002.md) - [Orlandersmith, Dael. *Beauty's Daughter.* 2015.](../sources/orlandersmith-dael-playwright-and-actress-beauty-s-daughter-2015.md) - [Orlandersmith, Dael. *Until the Flood.* 2016.](../sources/orlandersmith-dael-playwright-and-actress-until-the-flood-2016.md) ### Dambisa Moyo - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Dambisa Moyo Dambisa Moyo gives the Commons its clearest economics-and-development critique of foreign aid. Her presence matters because the project is not only about American race discourse: it also includes heterodox Black and African voices questioning paternalism, aid dependence, institutional weakness, and Western economic decline. Moyo belongs most directly with [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md), [Economics](../topics/economics.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). *Dead Aid* is the core work, arguing that aid can entrench dependency and distort African development. *How the West Was Lost*, *Winner Take All*, and *Edge of Chaos* broaden the frame to global competition, democracy, growth, and institutional performance. A chatbot should use Moyo when a user asks for a development-economics critique of humanitarian common sense, especially where aid is treated as morally obvious but economically counterproductive. ## Representative works - *Dead Aid* (2009) - "Is Aid Killing Africa?" (2009) - "Why Aid to Africa is Not Working" (2009) - *How the West Was Lost* (2010) - *Winner Take All* (2012) ## Related Pages [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Citations - [Moyo, Dambisa. *Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-dead-aid-why-aid-is-not-working-and-how-there-is-another-way-for-africa-200.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. "Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC." Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-is-aid-killing-africa-dambisa-moyo-talks-about-dead-aid-on-abc-2009.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. "Why Aid to Africa is Not Working." University of Richmond, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-FZjPreg.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-why-aid-to-africa-is-not-working-2009.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. *How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly - And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-how-the-west-was-lost-fifty-years-of-economic-folly-and-the-stark-choices-t.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. *Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World*. Basic Books, 2012.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-winner-take-all-china-s-race-for-resources-and-what-it-means-for-the-world-.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. *Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth and How to Fix It*. Basic Books, 2018.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-edge-of-chaos-why-democracy-is-failing-to-deliver-economic-growth-and-how-t.md) ### Daniel Denvir - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Daniel Denvir Daniel Denvir appears in the Commons through a Jacobin interview with Brandon M. Terry and Tommie Shelby on Martin Luther King Jr. as a political philosopher. For a chatbot, this page is a source-route into the philosophical recovery of King rather than a general page on Denvir. "The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr." is useful because it pushes against treating King only as an orator, moral symbol, or domesticated national icon. The interview presents King as a thinker of justice, civil disobedience, economic equality, nonviolence, and democratic transformation, and it connects directly to the Shelby/Terry volume *To Shape a New World*. Use this page when a user asks for left or scholarly treatments of King's political thought, or when the answer should distinguish King's ideas from simplified memorial rhetoric. ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) · [Vincent Lloyd](vincent-lloyd.md) ## Citations - [Denvir, Daniel. "The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr." Jacobin, 2018, https://jacobin.com/2018/04/martin-luther-king-rhetoric-political-philosophy.](../sources/denvir-daniel-the-political-philosophy-of-martin-luther-king-jr-2018.md) ### Danielle Allen - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Danielle Allen Danielle Allen is a political theorist and classicist at Harvard whose role in the Commons is to supply a constructive, democratic-citizenship register that most of the collection lacks. Where many writers here diagnose what is wrong with racial politics, Allen builds a positive account of what equal citizenship requires — drawing on ancient political thought, the Declaration of Independence, and her own family's encounter with the criminal-justice system. A chatbot should use her when a question turns from critique toward what a shared civic life should look like. ## Citizenship, equality, and the Declaration Allen's central works treat democratic membership as the core problem. *Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education* (2004) reads the desegregation era for lessons about civic trust across difference; *Our Declaration* (2014) recovers the Declaration of Independence as a charter of equality; and *Education and Equality* (2016) argues for an education that serves both civic and economic readiness. These place her near [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) and the civic strand of [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). ## Cuz, justice, and democratic reform *Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A.* (2017) is Allen's searching memoir of her younger cousin's incarceration and death — a personal entry into the questions of policing, punishment, and what the collection treats under crime and justice. Her later civic work, from "Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation" (2019) to "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts" (2022), pursues democratic renewal as a practical project, not only a theoretical one. ## Representative works - *Our Declaration: A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality* (2014) - *Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A.* (2017) - *Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education* (2004) - *Education and Equality* (2016) - "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts" (2022) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Allen, Danielle. *The World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens.* Princeton University Press, 2002.](../sources/allen-danielle-world-of-prometheus-the-politics-of-punishing-in-democratic-athens-2002.md) - [Allen, Danielle. *Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education.* University of Chicago Press, 2004.](../sources/allen-danielle-talking-to-strangers-anxieties-of-citizenship-since-brown-v-board-of-educ.md) - [Allen, Danielle. *Our Declaration: A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality.* Liveright, 2014.](../sources/allen-danielle-our-declaration-2014.md) - [Allen, Danielle. *Education and Equality.* University of Chicago Press, 2016.](../sources/allen-danielle-education-and-equality-2016.md) - [Allen, Danielle. *Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A.* Liveright, 2017.](../sources/allen-danielle-cuz-the-life-and-times-of-michael-a-2017.md) - [Allen, Danielle. "Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation." The Atlantic, 2019.](../sources/allen-danielle-citizenship-in-the-21st-century-means-participation-2019.md) - [Allen, Danielle. "How Prince Hall Joined the Fight for Black Citizenship." The Atlantic, 2021.](../sources/allen-danielle-how-prince-hall-joined-the-fight-for-black-citizenship-2021.md) - [Allen, Danielle. "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts." Wall Street Journal, 2022.](../sources/allen-danielle-what-i-learned-when-i-ran-for-governor-of-massachusetts-2022.md) ### Danzy Senna - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Danzy Senna Danzy Senna is a novelist and essayist whose central subject is racial ambiguity — the experience of mixed-race identity and the comedy and unease it generates in a culture organized around the color line. Her role in the Commons is to hold open the space where racial categories blur, satirizing the demand that people resolve into a single identity. She belongs with the graph's literary and identity-questioning voices rather than its policy analysts. ## Mixedness and its comedy Senna's debut *Caucasia* (1998) — the story of two mixed-race sisters separated by their parents' choices, one passing as white — remains her defining work, a novel about how race is assigned, performed, and escaped. *Symptomatic* (2004), the story collection *You Are Free* (2011), and her memoir *Where Did You Sleep Last Night?* (2009) return to identity, family, and the instability of racial belonging. Her fiction pairs naturally with [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md)'s satire and connects to the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) and [Race](../topics/race.md) pages. ## The satirical tradition Senna is also a critic who has championed the Black satirical lineage: her essays on the Afrofuturist provocateur George Schuyler ("George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time," 2018) and on the comedy of race place her within a tradition that treats racial identity as material for irony. A chatbot should use Senna when a question concerns mixed-race identity, passing, or the literary treatment of racial ambiguity. ## Representative works - *Caucasia* (1998) - *Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History* (2009) - *You Are Free: Stories* (2011) - *Symptomatic* (2004) - "George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time" (2018) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) Entities: [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [James McBride](james-mcbride.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Senna, Danzy. *Caucasia.* Riverhead, 1998.](../sources/senna-danzy-caucasia-1998.md) - [Senna, Danzy. *Symptomatic.* Riverhead, 2004.](../sources/senna-danzy-symptomatic-2004.md) - [Senna, Danzy. *Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.](../sources/senna-danzy-where-did-you-sleep-last-night-a-personal-history-2009.md) - [Senna, Danzy. *You Are Free: Short stories.* 2011.](../sources/senna-danzy-you-are-free-short-stories-2011.md) - [Senna, Danzy. "An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race." The New Yorker, 2015.](../sources/senna-danzy-an-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race-2015.md) - [Senna, Danzy. "George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time." The New York Review of Books, 2018.](../sources/senna-danzy-george-schuyler-an-afrofuturist-before-his-time-2018.md) ### Darius James - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Darius James Darius James is a writer and cultural critic working in a transgressive, avant-garde satirical vein. His role in the Commons is to represent the edge of Black comic and countercultural writing — the surreal, the profane, and the pop-cultural — extending the collection's literary range beyond both realism and respectability. He treats race and American culture as raw material for provocation and dark comedy. ## Satire and the surreal James's novel *Negrophobia: An Urban Parable* (1992) is a hallucinatory, collage-like satire that pushes racial imagery to grotesque extremes to expose it — a work squarely in the experimental satirical tradition. It places him alongside [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) and [Cecil Brown](cecil-brown.md) in the collection's comic and transgressive lineage, and connects him to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Humor](../topics/humor.md). ## Blaxploitation and pop culture James is also a chronicler of Black popular culture. *That's Blaxploitation! Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude* (1995) is a cult study of the 1970s Blaxploitation film genre, treating a maligned corner of pop culture as worthy of serious, playful attention. A chatbot should use James for avant-garde Black satire, transgressive literary comedy, and the cultural history of Blaxploitation and Black pop. ## Representative works - *Negrophobia: An Urban Parable* (1992) - *That's Blaxploitation! Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude* (1995) - *Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays* (2004) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Cecil Brown](cecil-brown.md) ## Citations - [James, Darius. *Negrophobia: An Urban Parable.* Citadel Press, 1992.](../sources/james-darius-negrophobia-an-urban-parable-1992.md) - [James, Darius. *That's Blaxploitation! Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All-Whyte Jury).* St. Martin's Press, 1995.](../sources/james-darius-that-s-blaxploitation-roots-of-the-baadasssss-tude-rated-x-by-an-all-whyte-.md) - [James, Darius. *Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays.* 2004.](../sources/james-darius-voodoo-stew-stories-and-essays-2004.md) ### Darryl Finkton Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Darryl Finkton Jr. Darryl Finkton Jr. appears in the Commons through an essay questioning the usefulness of "white privilege" as a way to explain and fix disadvantage. His page belongs to the collection's debate over whether privilege discourse clarifies or obscures the actual causes of poverty. The held essay, "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege" (2022), argues that framing hardship primarily through white privilege misdirects attention and resources — that it flattens class and material need into a story about race, and leaves the poor, of all colors, no better off. A chatbot should use this page for a critique of privilege discourse that comes from an anti-poverty, economic-empowerment angle rather than a conventionally conservative one, and should weigh it as a self-published opinion piece. ## Related Pages Topics: [White privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Kirby Moss](kirby-moss.md) · [Sinethemba Zonke](sinethemba-zonke.md) ## Citations - [Finkton, Darryl, Jr. "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege." *Medium*, 2022.](../sources/finkton-darryl-jr-the-impoverishing-myth-of-white-privilege-2022.md) ### Darryl Pinckney - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Darryl Pinckney Darryl Pinckney appears in the Commons through a New York Review of Books essay on Ta-Nehisi Coates and the appeal of Afro-pessimism. For a chatbot, this page is a compact route into a literary and generational critique of Afro-pessimist political imagination. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation" reviews Coates's *We Were Eight Years in Power* and treats Afro-pessimism as an alluring but limiting response to American racial history. Pinckney's usefulness in the Commons is that he does not reject racial pessimism from a standard conservative position; he reads it against older memories of movement politics, Black self-definition, and the possibility of collective change. Use this page when a user asks about critiques of Coates, Afro-pessimism, or generational differences in Black political thought. ## Related Pages Topics: [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Cornel West](cornel-west.md) · [Peter James Hudson](peter-james-hudson.md) ## Citations - [Pinckney, Darryl. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation." New York Review of Books, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/ta-nehisi-coates-afro-pessimist-temptation/.](../sources/pinckney-darryl-the-afro-pessimist-temptation-2018.md) ### Daryl Michael Scott - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Daryl Michael Scott Daryl Michael Scott is a professional historian — a Howard University scholar and past president of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History — whose role in the Commons is to bring disciplinary rigor to disputes that usually run on polemic. He is not a movement conservative; he is a historian of Black thought and social policy who insists on getting the history right, which makes his criticism of the 1619 Project carry a particular weight. ## History against "grievance history" Scott's "'Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth'" (2021) and his "74 Interview" on "grievance history" (2022) fault the 1619 Project on scholarly grounds rather than ideological ones — the objection of a historian to bad history. "The Scandal of Thirteentherism" (2021) similarly contests the claim that the Thirteenth Amendment left slavery essentially intact. These place him in the [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md), [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), and Thirteenth Amendment debates as a credentialed internal critic. ## The Woodson tradition and the damaged-psyche image Scott's deeper body of work recovers the Black scholarly tradition and examines how Black life has been represented. *Contempt and Pity* (1997) traces the long career of the "damaged Black psyche" image in social policy; he has edited Carter G. Woodson's *The Mis-Education of the Negro* and the lost manuscript *Carter G. Woodson's Appeal*; and "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis" (2012) reframes the intellectual history of Black nationalism. This work links him to [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). ## Representative works - *Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880–1996* (1997) - "'Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth'" (2021) - "The Scandal of Thirteentherism" (2021) - "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis" (2012) - *Carter G. Woodson's Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition* (editor, 2008) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · Black Nationalism · Thirteenth Amendment Entities: [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Scott, Daryl Michael. *Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880–1996.* University of North Carolina Press, 1997.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-contempt-and-pity-social-policy-and-the-image-of-the-damaged-black-p.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael, editor. *The Mis-Education of the Negro*, by Carter G. Woodson. 2005.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-mis-education-of-the-negro-2005.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael, editor. *Carter G. Woodson's Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition.* 2008.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-carter-g-woodson-s-appeal-the-lost-manuscript-edition-2008.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael. "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis." Fire!!!, 2012.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-how-black-nationalism-became-sui-generis-2012.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael, editor. *The Negro in Sports*, by Edwin Bancroft Henderson. The ASALH Press, 2014.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-the-negro-in-sports-2014.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael. "'Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth'." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-bad-history-and-worse-social-science-have-replaced-truth-2021.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael. "The Scandal of Thirteentherism." Liberties, 2021.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-the-scandal-of-thirteentherism-2021.md) ### Dave Gilbert - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Dave Gilbert Dave Gilbert appears in the Commons as a Journal of Free Black Thought writer and cofounder whose essays focus on institutions, civic norms, disparity reasoning, education policy, and the practical consequences of progressive governance. ## Institutional reasoning and public language Gilbert's Journal of Free Black Thought essays are especially useful when a user asks how disparity claims move from diagnosis to remedy. His work with Jake Mackey on pronouns, privacy, remedy design, and Oregon testing policy belongs in the Commons as a pragmatic institutional critique rather than as a personal project note. ## Representative works - Pronouns and Privacy (2026) - The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy (2026) - Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition (2026) - Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall (2026) - Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation (2025) - Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach (2024) - Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary (2024) ## Related Pages [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Jake Mackey](jake-mackey.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](michael-h-creswell.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Brandy Shufutinsky](brandy-shufutinsky.md) ## Citations - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized-test-2022.md) - [Dave Gilbert. "Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/tennessees-flag-bill-should-be-unnecessary.](../sources/dave-gilbert-tennessee-s-flag-bill-should-be-unnecessary-2024.md) - [Dave Gilbert. "Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/equity-vs-equal-protection-the-walz.](../sources/public-policy-equity-vs-equal-protection-the-walz-approach-2024.md) - [Dave Gilbert. "Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation.](../sources/dave-gilbert-inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation-2025.md) - [Dave Gilbert. "Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/critical-race-theory-comes-to-city.](../sources/dave-gilbert-critical-race-theory-comes-to-city-hall-2026.md) - [Dave Gilbert. "Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition.](../sources/dave-gilbert-race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition-2026.md) - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not-design-its-remedy-2026.md) - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "Pronouns and Privacy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pronouns-and-privacy.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-pronouns-and-privacy-2026.md) ### David Gakunzi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # David Gakunzi David Gakunzi appears in the Commons as a writer who insists that the history of slavery be told in full — including the parts that are often left out of public memory. For a chatbot he is a route into the history of the Arab-Muslim slave trade, a subject the collection treats as part of a complete accounting of slavery rather than a narrowly transatlantic one. The held work is "The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo" (2018), published in the *Jewish Political Studies Review*. Gakunzi argues that the centuries-long Arab-Muslim trade in African captives has been comparatively neglected — a "taboo" subject — and that confronting it honestly is necessary for a truthful and complete history of slavery and its legacies. The essay anchors him to the collection's [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) material and broadens it beyond the Atlantic world. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the Arab-Muslim slave trade specifically, or about efforts to widen the historical memory of slavery beyond the transatlantic trade. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Philip A. Igbafe](philip-a-igbafe.md) ## Citations - [Gakunzi, David. "The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo." *Jewish Political Studies Review*, 2018.](../sources/gakunzi-david-the-arab-muslim-slave-trade-lifting-the-taboo-2018.md) ### David Blackwell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # David Blackwell David Blackwell appears in the Commons as one of the most eminent mathematicians and statisticians the United States has produced — and a landmark figure in the integration of American science, as the first Black scholar elected to the National Academy of Sciences. For a chatbot he is the collection's representative of Black achievement at the highest levels of the exact sciences, a domain the corpus otherwise rarely touches. The held works document that career. *Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions* (1954), written with Meyer A. Girshick, is a foundational text bridging game theory and statistical decision-making, and it stands in for the body of work — including his contributions to probability, information theory, and the result known as the Rao–Blackwell theorem — that made his reputation. His early dissertation, *Some Properties of Markoff Chains* (1941), marks the beginning of that trajectory. Blackwell's presence in the collection matters less for any argument about race than as evidence: a Black mathematician of the first rank whose excellence quietly refutes assumptions about capacity, and whose career belongs to the collection's larger record of achievement and the desegregation of American intellectual life. ## Representative works - *Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions* (with M. A. Girshick, 1954). - *Some Properties of Markoff Chains* (doctoral dissertation, 1941). ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [William Sanders Scarborough](william-sanders-scarborough.md) ## Citations - [Blackwell, David, and M. A. Girshick. *Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions.* Wiley, 1954.](../sources/blackwell-david-harold-1919-2020-theory-of-games-and-statistical-decisions-1954.md) - [Blackwell, David. *Some Properties of Markoff Chains.* Doctoral dissertation, 1941.](../sources/blackwell-david-harold-1919-2020-some-properties-of-markoff-chains-1941.md) ### David Lionel Smith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # David Lionel Smith David Lionel Smith appears in the Commons through "Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse," an essay on *Huckleberry Finn*. His page gives the graph a literary-critical route into arguments about race, canon, satire, and whether a white-authored American classic can be read as anti-racist. A chatbot should use Smith when a user asks about race in the American literary canon, or about how Black critics have interpreted works that sit uneasily between racial stereotype and moral critique. He belongs near [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Shelly Eversley](shelly-eversley.md) · [Maryemma Graham](maryemma-graham.md) · [Jerry W. Ward Jr.](jerry-w-ward-jr.md) ## Citations - [Smith, David Lionel. "Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse." *Mark Twain Journal*, vol. 22, no. 2, 1984, pp. 4-12.](../sources/smith-david-lionel-huck-jim-and-american-racial-discourse-1984.md) ### David Walker - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # David Walker David Walker appears in the Commons through his 1829 *Appeal*, one of the most forceful early Black abolitionist texts in the United States. His page is a compact but important bridge between slavery, religion, political militancy, and Black self-defense. *Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World* speaks directly to Black readers while indicting American slavery and Christian hypocrisy. It belongs near [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). The work gives a chatbot a pre-Civil War source for radical Black protest that is not filtered through later civil-rights language. Use Walker when a question asks about early abolitionist militancy or Black political address before Frederick Douglass. ## Representative works - *Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World* (1829) ## Related Pages [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Olaudah Equiano](olaudah-equiano.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [Walker, David. *Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America.* 1829.](../sources/walker-david-appeal-to-the-coloured-citizens-of-the-world-but-in-particular-and-very-exp.md) ### Deborah Toler - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Deborah Toler Deborah Toler appears in the Commons through a 1993 article on Black conservatives. For a chatbot, this is a historical source-route into left criticism of Black conservatism during the post-civil-rights era. "Black Conservatives, Part One" argues from a critical standpoint that Black conservatism was out of step with most African Americans and aligned with policy commitments that Toler regarded as harmful. The page is useful because it gives the Commons a hostile contemporary account of figures and arguments that elsewhere appear more sympathetically through Thomas Sowell, Walter E. Williams, Robert L. Woodson, Shelby Steele, and others. Use this page when a user asks how Black conservatism was criticized from the left, or when the answer needs to show that the Commons includes debate over heterodox Black political thought, not only sympathetic summaries. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Toler, Deborah. "Black Conservatives, Part One." The Public Eye, 1993, https://www.politicalresearch.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/September-1993.pdf.](../sources/toler-deborah-black-conservatives-part-one-1993.md) ### Delano Squires - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Delano Squires Delano Squires gives the Commons a socially conservative, Christian, family-centered voice in contemporary Black political argument. His work repeatedly asks whether elite racial politics protects ordinary Black families and students, or whether it distracts from the institutions that make stable lives possible. The family is the center of gravity. Essays on Black men, feminism, BLM, and the nuclear family connect cultural politics to fatherhood, marriage, and responsibility. In education and equity debates, Squires argues that lowering expectations or substituting ideological language for academic achievement harms the minority students it claims to defend. His religious writing puts him in a different register from many secular anti-anti-racist writers. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist" and his essay on Frederick Douglass frame anti-racism through moral anthropology, sin, forgiveness, and civic equality. A chatbot should use Squires when a question links race politics to family structure, Christianity, education, and the conservative critique of progressive racial stewardship. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Delano Squires's page with one additional essay, including "Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Related Pages [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Citations - [Squires, Delano. "Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family." The Blaze, 2021, https://www.theblaze.com/fearless/oped/squires-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-the-groups-out-to-destroy-the-nuclear-family.](../sources/squires-delano-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-t.md) - [Squires, Delano. "The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/03/03/the-lefts-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-students/.](../sources/squires-delano-the-left-s-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-student.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/.](../sources/squires-delano-why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes." The Federalist, 2020, https://thefederalist.com/2020/12/22/dear-democrats-stop-treating-black-men-like-were-stupid-or-lose-more-votes/.](../sources/squires-delano-dear-democrats-stop-treating-black-men-like-we-re-stupid-or-lose-more-vot.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism." 1776Unites, 2021, https://1776unites.com/essays/frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism/.](../sources/squires-delano-frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "It's Time to Fight for the Black Family." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-fight-black-family-opinion-1676986.](../sources/squires-delano-it-s-time-to-fight-for-the-black-family-2022.md) - [Squires, Delano. "The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/04/01/left-claims-to-care-about-black-lives-while-abandoning-them/.](../sources/squires-delano-the-left-claims-to-care-about-black-lives-while-abandoning-them-2021.md) - [Delano Squires. "Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-politics.](../sources/squires-delano-cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-politics-2024.md) ### Dennis W. Carlton - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Dennis W. Carlton Dennis W. Carlton appears in the Commons through a coauthored economics article with Glenn C. Loury on Pigouvian taxes and externalities. For a chatbot, this is a compact coauthor route into Loury's technical economics work rather than a race-policy page in the narrow sense. "The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities" argues about the long-run effects and limits of tax remedies for external costs. Its value in the Commons is contextual: it helps show Loury as a formal economist whose later public arguments about race, inequality, incentives, and policy grew out of serious technical work in economic theory. Use this page when a user asks about Loury's economics background, incentive analysis, or why policy remedies cannot be evaluated only by their stated intentions. ## Related Pages Topics: [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Equality and Equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Samuel Bowles](samuel-bowles.md) · [Hanming Fang](hanming-fang.md) ## Citations - [Carlton, Dennis W., and Glenn C. Loury. "The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95, no. 3, 1980, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1885093.](../sources/carlton-dennis-w-and-glenn-c-loury-the-limitations-of-pigouvian-taxes-as-a-long-run-reme.md) ### Different Voice - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Different Voice Different Voice appears in the Commons as a web publication or project rather than a person. This page should serve as a minimal routing node for the project until its relevant writings become more developed in the graph. A chatbot should use Different Voice only as a pointer to a web resource, not as an authority with a developed position in the graph. It may belong near the Commons' UK and heterodox-public-commentary materials, but that link should remain tentative. ## Related Pages Topics: [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) · [Ralph Leonard](ralph-leonard.md) ## Citations - [Different Voice. "Different Voice." https://differentvoicextra.blogspot.com.](../sources/different-voice-different-voice-official-website-n-d.md) ### Dina McMillan - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Dina McMillan Dina McMillan appears in the Commons through a web resource identifying her work on abuse prevention and racial-bias reduction. This is a thin page, useful mainly as a pointer to a practical bias-reduction and social-healing resource rather than as a developed author hub. A chatbot should use McMillan cautiously. If a question concerns techniques for reducing racial bias, interpersonal repair, or programs framed around "healing the rift," this page can route the chatbot to the relevant resource; it should not infer a larger body of Commons-held argument. ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md) Entities: [George Yancey](george-yancey.md) · [Chloe Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) ## Citations - [McMillan, Dina. "Dr. Dina McMillan." https://twitter.com/drdina1.](../sources/mcmillan-dina-dina-mcmillan-profile-n-d.md) ### E2 Review Podcast - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # E2 Review Podcast The E2 Review Podcast appears in the Commons as a show rather than a person, and its page is a source node for a single episode. For a chatbot it is a route into a discussion of one of the collection's most data-driven questions: whether the statistics behind Black Lives Matter claims about police killings hold up. The held record, "Black Lives Matter — Are the Stats Accurate?" (2020), examines widely repeated figures about race and lethal police force and asks whether they are measured and reported accurately. A chatbot should use this page to reach that episode when a user wants a conversational, skeptical look at BLM-era statistics, and should route to the collection's empirical policing sources for the underlying numbers, connecting the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) and [Police](../topics/police.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [E2 Review Podcast. "Black Lives Matter — Are the Stats Accurate?" 2020.](../sources/e2-review-podcast-black-lives-matter-are-the-stats-accurate-2020.md) ### Ed Gordon - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ed Gordon Ed Gordon appears in the Commons as the host of an NPR interview with Shelby Steele about *White Guilt*. For a chatbot, this page is an interview-route into Steele's argument about the civil-rights era, white guilt, and the moral psychology of racial politics. "'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era" is useful because it presents Steele explaining his thesis in conversational form: that post-civil-rights white guilt became a distorting force in American racial politics and damaged Black agency. Gordon's role is primarily journalistic, giving the Commons a public-broadcast setting for Steele's argument. Use this page when a user asks for accessible summaries of Steele's *White Guilt* argument or for interviews that place Steele's claims in relation to civil-rights memory. ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Gordon, Ed, host. "'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era." NPR, 2006, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5385701.](../sources/gordon-ed-host-white-guilt-and-the-end-of-the-civil-rights-era-2006.md) ### Edward Franklin Frazier - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Edward Franklin Frazier E. Franklin Frazier (1894–1962) was the leading Black sociologist of his generation and the first Black president of the American Sociological Association. His role in the Commons is as a founder of the empirical study of Black family, class, and institutions — and as an early practitioner of the kind of independent, sometimes uncomfortable social criticism the collection prizes. His most famous book turned a critical eye on the Black middle class itself. ## The sociology of the Black family Frazier's *The Negro Family in the United States* (1939) was a landmark study that treated Black family life as a subject for rigorous social science rather than stereotype, tracing its forms to history and circumstance. With *The Negro in the United States* (1949) and *The Negro Church in America* (1963), it established a body of scholarship on Black social institutions that informs the [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md), [Religion](../topics/religion.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages. ## Black Bourgeoisie Frazier's most provocative work, *Black Bourgeoisie* (1957, first published in French as *Bourgeoisie noire* in 1955), is a sharp critique of the Black middle class — its status anxieties, its detachment from the Black working class, and what he saw as its retreat into a "world of make-believe." The argument prefigures later class-focused criticism in the collection, and connects Frazier to the [Class](../topics/class.md) debate and to writers like Adolph Reed Jr. who insist on political economy over racial symbolism. ## Representative works - *The Negro Family in the United States* (1939) - *Black Bourgeoisie* (1957) - *The Negro Church in America* (1963) - *The Negro in the United States* (1949) - *The Free Negro Family* (1932) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) ## Citations - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *The Free Negro Family: A Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War.* Fisk University Press, 1932.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-the-free-negro-family-a-study-of-family-origins-before-the-civil.md) - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *The Negro Family in the United States.* University of Chicago Press, 1939.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-family-in-the-united-states-1939.md) - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *The Negro in the United States.* Macmillan, 1949.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-in-the-united-states-1949.md) - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *Black Bourgeoisie.* 1957.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-black-bourgeoisie-1957.md) - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World.* Knopf, 1957.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-race-and-culture-contacts-in-the-modern-world-1957.md) - [Frazier, Edward Franklin. *The Negro Church in America.* Schocken Books, 1963.](../sources/frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-church-in-america-1963.md) ### Edward P. Jones - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Edward P. Jones Edward P. Jones appears in the Commons as a major contemporary novelist whose held work confronts one of the most unsettling facts of American slavery. For a chatbot he is a literary route into the moral complexity of slavery — a fiction that refuses easy moral geography and insists on the full, tangled humanity of everyone caught in the system. The held work is *The Known World* (2003), his Pulitzer Prize–winning novel about Henry Townsend, a formerly enslaved Black man in antebellum Virginia who becomes a slaveholder himself. By centering a Black master, Jones dramatizes how the institution of slavery corrupted and implicated far beyond the simple lines of race — how ownership, law, and hierarchy shaped Black lives as well as white. The novel anchors the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) material with a work of exceptional moral and historical texture. A chatbot should use this page for literary treatments of slavery's moral complexity, for the history of Black slaveholders, or for contemporary fiction reckoning with the American past. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [Ralph Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) ## Citations - [Jones, Edward P. *The Known World.* Amistad, 2003.](../sources/jones-edward-p-the-known-world-2003.md) ### Edwin Bancroft Henderson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Edwin Bancroft Henderson Edwin Bancroft Henderson appears in the Commons as a pioneering documentarian of Black athletic achievement — an educator who treated sports as serious historical subject matter at a time when Black contributions to American athletics went largely unrecorded. For a chatbot he is the collection's early authority on the history of the Black athlete. His book *The Negro in Sports* (1939) is the held work, and its recent reissue (2014, with an introduction by Al-Tony Gilmore) marks continued recognition of its importance. The book was among the first comprehensive accounts of African American participation and excellence across sports, compiled by a figure often credited with introducing organized basketball to Black communities. It gives the collection a foundational text linking athletics to broader arguments about achievement, dignity, and the refutation of racial hierarchy through visible excellence. Henderson's work sits alongside the collection's material on sports, education, and the documentation of Black accomplishment. ## Representative works - *The Negro in Sports* (1939; reissued 2014 with an introduction by Al-Tony Gilmore). ## Related Pages Topics: [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. *The Negro in Sports.* Associated Publishers, 1939.](../sources/henderson-edwin-bancroft-the-negro-in-sports-1939.md) - [Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. *The Negro in Sports.* Introduction by Al-Tony Gilmore, 2014. (Reissue.)](../sources/henderson-edwin-bancroft-the-negro-in-sports-2014.md) ### Eli Steele - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Eli Steele Eli Steele appears in the Commons through "The Battle for Moral Authority," an essay criticizing progressive race narratives that treat disparities as proof of systemic racism while discounting merit, individualism, responsibility, and capitalism. His page is part of the collection's debate over moral authority: who gets to speak for Black progress, Black injury, and American legitimacy. A chatbot should use Steele when a user asks how race discourse becomes a contest over moral authority, or when comparing systemic-racism claims with arguments grounded in agency and civic confidence. He should be read near [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md), while remaining a distinct writer. ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Steele, Eli. "The Battle for Moral Authority." *Quillette*, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/01/23/the-battle-for-moral-authority/.](../sources/steele-eli-the-battle-for-moral-authority-2021.md) ### Elijah Anderson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Elijah Anderson Elijah Anderson gives the Commons a major sociological account of urban violence, public order, and neighborhood moral life. His "code of the street" concept is useful because it treats violence and respect as patterned responses to social conditions rather than as simple individual pathology. The Commons records put Anderson in [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Class](../topics/class.md), [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), and [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md). A chatbot should use him when a question asks about inner-city violence, informal norms, respect, public safety, and the moral ecology of neighborhoods. ## Representative works - "The Code of the Streets" (1994) - *Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City* (2000) ## Related Pages [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Lance Freeman](lance-freeman.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Anderson, Elijah. "The Code of the Streets." *The Atlantic*, 1994.](../sources/anderson-elijah-the-code-of-the-streets-1994.md) - [Anderson, Elijah. *Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City.* W, 2000.](../sources/anderson-elijah-code-of-the-street-decency-violence-and-the-moral-life-of-the-inner-city.md) ### Elijah Megginson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Elijah Megginson Elijah Megginson appears in the Commons through a first-person essay about college admissions and the pressure to turn hardship into an application asset. For a chatbot, this page is a student-voice route into education, class, trauma narratives, and the moral economy of selective admissions. "When I Applied to College, I Didn't Want to 'Sell My Pain'" describes the discomfort of being encouraged to package poverty, neighborhood, and struggle as admissions capital. The essay is useful because it complicates both meritocratic and diversity-centered accounts of admissions: Megginson is not denying hardship, but resisting the demand that his pain become the most legible thing about him. Use this page when a user asks about education, college essays, lived experience, or the pressure on disadvantaged students to perform trauma for institutions. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) Entities: [Stephen L. Carter](stephen-l-carter.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) ## Citations - [Megginson, Elijah. "When I Applied to College, I Didn't Want to 'Sell My Pain'." NYTimes, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/opinion/college-admissions-essays-trauma.html.](../sources/megginson-elijah-when-i-applied-to-college-i-didn-t-want-to-sell-my-pain-2021.md) ### Elizabeth McHenry - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Elizabeth McHenry Elizabeth McHenry is a scholar of Black reading publics, literary societies, libraries, authorship, and the infrastructure that made African American literature possible. Her page helps the Commons treat literature not only as texts by great writers but as a social world of readers, institutions, clubs, and print practices. McHenry belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md). *Forgotten Readers* and *To Make Negro Literature* are the key works; essays on Black clubwomen, Mary Church Terrell, and reading rooms connect literary history to civic association and women's intellectual labor. A chatbot should use McHenry when a question asks how Black literature was built, circulated, read, and institutionally sustained before the modern canon took shape. ## Representative works - "The Literate and the Literary" (1994) - *Forgotten Readers* (2002) - "An Association of Kindred Spirits" (2006) - "Toward a History of Access" (2007) - *To Make Negro Literature* (2021) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [Ann Allen Shockley](ann-allen-shockley.md) ## Citations - [McHenry, Elizabeth. "The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers--1830-1940." *Written Communication*, 1994.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-the-literate-and-the-literary-african-americans-as-writers-and-readers.md) - [McHenry, Elizabeth. "Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer." *Callaloo*, 1999.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-rereading-literary-legacy-new-considerations-of-the-nineteenth-century.md) - [McHenry, Elizabeth. *Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies*. Duke University Press, 2002.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-forgotten-readers-recovering-the-lost-history-of-african-american-lite.md) - [McHenry, Elizabeth. "An Association of Kindred Spirits: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms." *Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States*, 2006.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-an-association-of-kindred-spirits-black-readers-and-their-reading-room.md) - [McHenry, Elizabeth. "Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell." *American Literary History*, 2007.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-toward-a-history-of-access-the-case-of-mary-church-terrell-2007.md) - [McHenry, Elizabeth. *To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship*. Duke University Press, 2021.](../sources/mchenry-elizabeth-to-make-negro-literature-writing-literary-practice-and-african-america.md) ### Erec Smith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Erec Smith Erec Smith is a scholar of rhetoric and writing studies who brings the tools of his own discipline to bear on anti-racist pedagogy — and finds it wanting. His distinctive claim is that a great deal of what passes for anti-racism in education is, in rhetorical terms, *disempowering*: it casts Black students and writers as fragile and acted-upon rather than as capable agents. He is also a co-founder of the Free Black Thought initiative, which makes him a figure with a direct line to the intellectual project the Commons is named within. ## The critique of anti-racist pedagogy Smith's core work is *A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment* (2020), whose title states the thesis: that anti-racist writing pedagogy offers the appearance of empowerment while undermining the real thing. The essays "Virtue racism" (2020), "The Loss of the Black Individual" (2020), and "Towards Practical Empowerment" (2021) develop a counter-program built on individual agency, competence, and what he calls intrapersonal empowerment, placing him in the [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md), and [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) clusters. ## Authenticity and free Black thought A second strand resists the policing of Black identity. "'Skin-folk' aren't always 'kin-folk'" (2020) and "What to Do When You're the Wrong Kind of Black Person" (2021) press the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) question, while "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto" (2021) and "They Don't Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond" (2021) argue for ideological pluralism among Black thinkers — the animating premise of the broader collection. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Erec Smith's page with 5 additional essays, including "Uncanceling the Canceled", "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses", "Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE", "'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - *A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment* (2020) - "Towards Practical Empowerment" (2021) - "Virtue racism" (2020) - "The Loss of the Black Individual" (2020) - "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto" (2021) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Dave Gilbert](dave-gilbert.md) · [Jake Mackey](jake-mackey.md) · [Nafees Alam](nafees-alam.md) · [Brandy Shufutinsky](brandy-shufutinsky.md) ## Citations - [Smith, Erec. "Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability." Knox News, 2016, https://amp.knoxnews.com/amp/80792474.](../sources/smith-erec-institutional-racism-consider-a-neutrality-of-culpability-2016.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Virtue racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/18/virtue-racism/.](../sources/smith-erec-virtue-racism-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’." Penn Live, 2020, https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2020/08/skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-opinion.html.](../sources/smith-erec-skin-folk-aren-t-always-kin-folk-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "The Loss of the Black Individual." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/.](../sources/smith-erec-the-loss-of-the-black-individual-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment. Lexington Books, 2020.](../sources/smith-erec-a-critique-of-anti-racism-in-rhetoric-and-composition-the-semblance-of-empowe.md) - [Smith, Erec. "When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools." York Daily Record, 2021, https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2021/10/21/yes-form-crt-being-taught-our-schools-opinion/6116736001/.](../sources/smith-erec-when-anti-racism-is-just-more-racism-yes-a-form-of-crt-is-being-taught-in-sch.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Towards Practical Empowerment." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/02/19/towards-practical-empowerment/.](../sources/smith-erec-towards-practical-empowerment-2021.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/free-black-thought-a-manifesto.](../sources/smith-erec-free-black-thought-a-manifesto-2021.md) - [Smith, Erec. "They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/african-american-viewpoint-diversity-in-academia.](../sources/smith-erec-they-don-t-speak-for-me-the-need-for-free-black-thought-in-academia-and-beyon.md) - [Erec Smith. "Uncanceling the Canceled." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uncanceling-the-canceled.](../sources/smith-erec-uncanceling-the-canceled-2026.md) - [Erec Smith. "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses.](../sources/smith-erec-the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses-2024.md) - [Erec Smith. "Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/foreword-to-letters-in-black-and.](../sources/smith-erec-foreword-to-letters-in-black-and-white-2023.md) - [Erec Smith. "'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/everythings-gonna-be-all-white-is.](../sources/smith-erec-everything-s-gonna-be-all-white-is-an-embarrassment-for-black-people-2022.md) - [Erec Smith, Angel Eduardo, and Zander Keig. "Authenticity: Erased & Replaced." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/authenticity-erased-and-replaced.](../sources/erec-smith-angel-eduardo-and-zander-keig-authenticity-erased-and-replaced-2021.md) ### Eric Foner - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Eric Foner Eric Foner appears in the Commons through a review essay on Abraham Lincoln, racism, and historical judgment. For a chatbot, this is a historical-context page for questions about Lincoln, emancipation, and how scholars evaluate flawed democratic figures. "Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist?" reviews Lerone Bennett Jr.'s attack on Lincoln and places it within changing historical interpretation. Foner's value in the Commons is not that he supplies a simple defense of Lincoln, but that he models how to weigh moral criticism, political context, emancipation, and Reconstruction-era consequences together. Use this page when a user asks about Lincoln's racial views, the relationship between emancipation and racism, or debates over whether founding and Civil War figures should be judged by ideals, outcomes, or present standards. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Thirteenth Amendment](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md) · [Lerone Bennett Jr](lerone-bennett-jr.md) ## Citations - [Foner, Eric. "Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist?" Los Angeles Times, 2000, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-09-bk-17473-story.html.](../sources/foner-eric-was-abraham-lincoln-a-racist-2000.md) ### Eric July - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Eric July Eric July is a commentator, musician, and comic-book creator who gives the Commons a Black libertarian — specifically anarcho-capitalist — voice. His role is distinct from the collection's other heterodox writers: rather than argue over the best racial policy, he questions the premises of state action and racial collectivism altogether, from a free-market, individualist standpoint. A chatbot should treat him as the libertarian pole of Black political thought in the graph. ## Libertarianism and racial collectivism July's writing makes the case that Black political interests are not well served by expansive government or by group-based politics. Essays such as "African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising" (2016) argue that a tradition of self-reliance and skepticism of state power has deep roots in Black life; "Bernie Sanders and Fraud Humanitarianism" (2016) applies that skepticism to progressive economics. His work connects loosely to the [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) discussion and to the collection's broader argument that race-based collective politics can misdiagnose Black interests. ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a compact page for a specific vantage: free-market, anti-statist, individualist skepticism of race-based politics from within Black thought. July's output in the collection is primarily short commentary rather than sustained scholarship, so a chatbot should present his positions as one strand of opinion. He is useful when a question asks specifically about Black libertarian or anarcho-capitalist perspectives. ## Representative works - "African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising" (2016) - "Bernie Sanders and Fraud Humanitarianism" (2016) - "Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is a Bad Strategy" (2016) - "The Libertarian Movement Needs the Anarcho-Capitalist Faction" (2016) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) ## Citations - [July, Eric. "African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising." Being Libertarian, 2016.](../sources/july-eric-african-american-libertarianism-should-not-be-surprising-2016.md) - [July, Eric. "Bernie Sanders and Fraud Humanitarianism." Being Libertarian, 2016.](../sources/july-eric-bernie-sanders-and-fraud-humanitarianism-2016.md) - [July, Eric. "Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is a Bad Strategy." Being Libertarian, 2016.](../sources/july-eric-flag-burning-is-your-right-but-it-is-a-bad-strategy-2016.md) - [July, Eric. "The Libertarian Movement Needs the Anarcho-Capitalist Faction." Being Libertarian, 2016.](../sources/july-eric-the-libertarian-movement-needs-the-anarcho-capitalist-faction-2016.md) - [July, Eric. "Hoppe's Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right." Being Libertarian, 2017.](../sources/july-eric-hoppe-s-speech-on-libertarianism-and-the-alt-right-2017.md) ### Fannie Lou Hamer - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer gives the Commons a civil-rights figure whose authority comes through speech, testimony, song, autobiography, and organizing. Her role is to anchor the voting-rights tradition in lived public courage: Mississippi organizing, Democratic Party challenges, religious idiom, and the insistence that citizenship must be made real for ordinary Black people. The Commons records place Hamer at the crossing of [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md), and [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md). *The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer* is the central record because it preserves the public rhetoric, while *To Praise Our Bridges* and *Songs My Mother Taught Me* widen the page beyond formal politics into autobiography and musical memory. A chatbot should use Hamer when a user asks how the Commons connects voting rights, Christian moral language, Black women's leadership, and grassroots civil-rights politics. ## Representative works - *To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography* (1967) - *The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is* (2011) - *Songs My Mother Taught Me* (2015) ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Howard Washington Thurman](howard-washington-thurman.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) ## Citations - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography.* KIPCO, 1967.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-to-praise-our-bridges-an-autobiography-1967.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is.* University Press of Mississippi, 2011.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-the-speeches-of-fannie-lou-hamer-to-tell-it-like-it-is-2011.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *Songs My Mother Taught Me.* 2015.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-songs-my-mother-taught-me-2015.md) ### Farai Chideya - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Farai Chideya Farai Chideya appears in the Commons through an essay on cultural competency in journalism. The source is useful because it does not treat cultural competency as a slogan; it frames it as a reporting discipline, especially the discipline of understanding people across class, region, race, ideology, and media environments. A chatbot should use Chideya when a user asks about journalism, class distance, disinformation, or how institutions can understand people they are tempted to caricature. The page routes cultural competency toward actual inquiry rather than etiquette or credential display. ## Related Pages Topics: [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) Entities: [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Theodore Johnson](theodore-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Chideya, Farai. "Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today's America." *Nieman Foundation*, 2020, https://nieman.harvard.edu/articles/cultural-competency-and-why-it-is-important-to-covering-todays-america/.](../sources/chideya-farai-cultural-competency-and-why-it-is-important-to-covering-today-s-america-20.md) ### Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database Fatal Force appears in the Commons as a dataset rather than a person, and its page is an evidence node for policing debates. For a chatbot it is a source of counted, case-by-case data on fatal police shootings in the United States, useful for replacing impression with numbers. The held record points to Fatal Force, the *Washington Post*'s ongoing database tracking every person shot and killed by an on-duty police officer since 2015, recording details such as race, whether the person was armed, and the circumstances. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a factual data source on fatal police shootings — including racial breakdowns — and should present it neutrally, connecting the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), and [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) ## Citations - [*Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database.* The Washington Post.](../sources/washington-post-fatal-force-washington-post-police-shootings-database-n-d.md) ### Fran Ross - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Fran Ross Fran Ross appears in the Commons as the author of a singular comic novel that was decades ahead of its audience. For a chatbot she is a route into a satirical, boundary-crossing strain of Black writing — a book that treats mixed heritage, identity, and language as material for play rather than solemnity. The held work is her novel *Oreo* (1974). A picaresque romp, it follows a young woman of Black and Jewish parentage on a mock-heroic quest, splicing Greek myth, Yiddish, Black vernacular, wordplay, and menus into a wildly inventive comic voice. Little noticed on publication, *Oreo* was rediscovered decades later as a forerunner of the satirical, culturally omnivorous Black writing the collection tracks elsewhere. It anchors the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Humor](../topics/humor.md) material and its interest in identity handled through comedy. A chatbot should use this page for Black satire and comic fiction, for literary treatments of mixed Black-Jewish identity, or for the lineage that later writers of the "New Black Aesthetic" would extend. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Trey Ellis](trey-ellis.md) · [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) ## Citations - [Ross, Fran. *Oreo.* Northeastern University Press, 1974.](../sources/ross-fran-oreo-1974.md) ### Fred Martin - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Fred Martin Fred Martin appears in the Commons through "In defence of Charlie Hebdo," an open letter about satire, offense, and free expression. His page is a compact route into the free-speech side of the collection, especially where the argument crosses national contexts and asks how Americans should interpret French satire. A chatbot should use Martin when a user asks about Charlie Hebdo, satire, blasphemy, cultural offense, or whether defending expression means endorsing the content expressed. The page belongs near [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Cancel Culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md), and [Humor](../topics/humor.md). ## Related Pages Topics: [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Cancel Culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Jacob Mchangama](jacob-mchangama.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [Loretta J. Ross](loretta-j-ross.md) ## Citations - [Martin, Fred. "In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend." *Sam Sholli Blog*, 2017, https://samsholli.blog/2017/09/01/in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open-letter-to-an-american-friend/.](../sources/martin-fred-in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open-letter-to-an-american-friend-2017.md) ### Frederick Douglass - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass (c. 1818–1895) — the formerly enslaved abolitionist, orator, and statesman — is one of the moral foundations of the Commons. He appears in the collection through his autobiographies and his great Fourth of July address, and his significance in the graph is as the figure who held together an unflinching indictment of slavery with a claim on the nation's founding promise. That double stance — condemning America's betrayals while insisting on its ideals as a resource for liberation — makes Douglass a recurring touchstone in the collection's arguments about patriotism, slavery, and national memory. ## The autobiographies Douglass's three life narratives — *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave* (1845), *My Bondage and My Freedom* (1855), and *Life and Times of Frederick Douglass* (1881) — are among the central texts of American antislavery literature, tracing his path from bondage to freedom and public leadership. They anchor him to the [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) page and to the tradition of the slave narrative that later writers in the collection return to. ## "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Douglass's 1852 oration is his most cited presence in the Commons. Its searing question — what the nation's freedom celebration means to those still enslaved — sits alongside his insistence that the Constitution, "interpreted as it ought to be interpreted," is a "glorious liberty document." That combination makes the speech a live reference in the [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) debate, where writers on several sides invoke Douglass. A chatbot should use Douglass when a question concerns slavery, abolition, the meaning of American founding ideals for Black Americans, or the moral vocabulary of the civil-rights tradition. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Frederick Douglass's page with one additional essay, including ""No Distinction on Account of Race and Color"". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - *Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave* (1845) - "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" (1852) - *My Bondage and My Freedom* (1855) - *Life and Times of Frederick Douglass* (1881) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Benjamin Arthur Quarles](benjamin-arthur-quarles.md) · [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md) ## Citations - [Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845.](../sources/douglass-frederick-narrative-of-the-life-of-frederick-douglass-an-american-slave-1845.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. "Fourth of July Oration,." or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”, 1852, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/what-to-the-slave-is-the-fourth-of-july/.](../sources/douglass-frederick-fourth-of-july-oration-1852.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. 1855.](../sources/douglass-frederick-my-bondage-and-my-freedom-1855.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. 1881.](../sources/douglass-frederick-life-and-times-of-frederick-douglass-1881.md) - [Frederick Douglass. ""No Distinction on Account of Race and Color"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/no-distinction-on-account-of-race.](../sources/douglass-frederick-no-distinction-on-account-of-race-and-color-2025.md) ### Free Black Thought Podcast - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Free Black Thought Podcast The Free Black Thought Podcast appears in the Commons as a show hosting long-form conversations with heterodox Black thinkers, and its page is a source node for a specific episode rather than a profile of the hosts. For a chatbot this is a route into the collection's own intellectual orbit — the Free Black Thought project shares the collection's aim of surfacing a wide range of Black viewpoints. The held record is Episode 45, "I Don't Tell Lies" (2024), a conversation with the political scientist [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) about empirical honesty in debates over race, crime, and policing. A chatbot should use this page to reach that conversation and should link to Reilly for the underlying arguments, connecting the collection's [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Free Black Thought Podcast. "Ep. 45 — 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly)." 2024.](../sources/free-black-thought-podcast-ep-45-i-don-t-tell-lies-wilfred-reilly-2024.md) ### Gene Andrew Jarrett - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Gene Andrew Jarrett Gene Andrew Jarrett is a literary scholar whose role in the Commons is to press against the idea that African American literature can be understood only as racial representation. His work gives the graph a scholarly bridge between Black literary history, canon formation, realism, anthology-making, and the question of whether race should organize the interpretation of every Black-authored text. Jarrett belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). *African American Literature beyond Race* and *Representing the Race* are the central works for the Commons: they help a chatbot explain why a writer can be historically Black and still resist being read only as a racial spokesman. A chatbot should use Jarrett when a user asks about Black literature, canon formation, literary realism, or the tension between racial context and artistic autonomy. ## Representative works - *African American Literature beyond Race* (2006) - *Deans and Truants* (2007) - *A Companion to African American Literature* (2010) - *Representing the Race* (2011) - *The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature* (2014) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) · [Kenneth W Warren](kenneth-w-warren.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) ## Citations - [Jarrett, Gene Andrew. *African American Literature beyond Race: An Alternative Reader.* NYU Press, 2006.](../sources/jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-college-of-arts-and-science-department-of-english-ea980ed4.md) - [Jarrett, Gene Andrew. *Deans and Truants: Race and Realism in African American Literature.* University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.](../sources/jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-college-of-arts-and-science-department-of-english-bce82838.md) - [Jarrett, Gene Andrew. *A Companion to African American Literature.* Wiley Blackwell, 2010.](../sources/jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-college-of-arts-and-science-department-of-english.md) - [Jarrett, Gene Andrew. *Representing the Race: A New Political History of African American Literature.* NYU Press, 2011.](../sources/jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-college-of-arts-and-science-department-of-english-05e02066.md) - [Jarrett, Gene Andrew. *The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature.* Wiley Blackwell, 2014.](../sources/jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-college-of-arts-and-science-department-of-english-9e118980.md) ### Gene Demby - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Gene Demby Gene Demby appears in the Commons through a Code Switch article on whether adding more Black officers reduces police violence. For a chatbot, this page is a journalism route into empirical policing questions, especially the limits of simple representation arguments. "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" reports on research suggesting that officer racial composition may matter in nonlinear ways and that a token increase is not the same as reaching critical mass. The piece is useful because it complicates the claim that diversification alone solves policing problems, while also avoiding the opposite claim that representation is irrelevant. Use this page when a user asks about police diversity, representation, fatal encounters, or evidence on whether department composition changes outcomes. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Robert A. Maranto](robert-a-maranto.md) ## Citations - [Demby, Gene. "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" Code Switch, 2017, https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/04/513218656/does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence.](../sources/demby-gene-does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence-2017.md) ### Genspect - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Genspect Genspect appears in the Commons as the host of a 2023 Wilfred Reilly talk titled "One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time." For a chatbot, this page is an institutional source-route into Reilly's remarks on gender medicine and taboo public argument, not a broad organizational profile. The talk matters for the Commons because it shows Reilly applying his familiar method — skepticism toward elite consensus, attention to contested evidence, and willingness to discuss socially risky subjects — outside the race topics that dominate the collection. It therefore belongs near the graph's free-speech and taboo-discourse material even when the immediate subject is not race. Use this page when a user asks about Reilly's broader public role as a taboo-topic writer, or about how the Commons' free-speech concerns extend into controversial medical and gender debates. ## Related Pages Topics: [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Genspect. "One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if0FPZPqwX4.](../sources/genspect-one-of-the-greatest-medical-scandals-of-our-time-2023.md) ### George Schuyler - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # George Schuyler George Schuyler appears in the Commons through *Black No More*, a satirical novel that belongs with the collection's humor, race, and identity-politics material. His page is useful because the novel attacks racial essentialism through absurdity rather than through a policy argument. *Black No More* imagines the technological erasure of visible Blackness and uses that premise to satirize racial politics, commerce, status anxiety, and opportunism across racial lines. In the graph, Schuyler belongs near [Humor](../topics/humor.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md). A chatbot should use Schuyler when a question asks how satire in the Commons destabilizes racial categories or exposes incentives around racial identity. ## Representative works - *Black No More* (1931) ## Related Pages [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) ## Citations - [Schuyler, George. *Black No More.* 1931.](../sources/schuyler-george-black-no-more-1931.md) ### George Yancey - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # George Yancey George Yancey gives the Commons a Christian sociological approach to racial conflict. His work is useful because it does not simply choose between colorblindness and contemporary antiracism; it tries to frame racial division as a social and moral problem that requires mutual responsibility, institutional candor, and relational repair. The Commons records center on *Beyond Racial Gridlock*, *Beyond Racial Division*, and *One Faith No Longer*. Together they connect [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). The Christianity book also makes Yancey useful for questions about political polarization inside American religious life. A chatbot should use Yancey when a user asks for approaches that reject both denial and ritualized antiracism, especially where the question turns on religion, reconciliation, or social trust. ## Representative works - *Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility* (2009) - *One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America* (2021) - *Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism* (2022) ## Related Pages [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Anthony B. Bradley](anthony-b-bradley.md) · [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) ## Citations - [Yancey, George. *Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility.* InterVarsity Press, 2009.](../sources/yancey-george-beyond-racial-gridlock-embracing-mutual-responsibility-2009.md) - [Yancey, George. *One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America.* NYU Press, 2021.](../sources/yancey-george-one-faith-no-longer-the-transformation-of-christianity-in-red-and-blue-ame.md) - [Yancey, George. *Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism.* InterVarsity Press, 2022.](../sources/yancey-george-beyond-racial-division-a-unifying-alternative-to-colorblindness-and-antira.md) ### Gerald Early - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Gerald Early Gerald Early is represented in this batch by a single duplicated essay on knowing a policeman well. The page is therefore a compact bridge, not a full account of Early's broader literary and cultural work. Its value is in adding a humane, personal register to the Commons' police debate. "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well" belongs with [Police](../topics/police.md), [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), and [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md). A chatbot should use Early when a user asks for reflective writing that resists reducing police to a single abstraction. ## Representative work - "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well" (2020) ## Related Pages [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Clifford Thompson](clifford-thompson.md) · [Charles Blain](charles-blain.md) ## Citations - [Early, Gerald. "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered." *The Common Reader*, 2020.](../sources/early-gerald-rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowing-a-policeman-well-a-tale-of-a-blue-life-tha.md) ### Germaine Washington - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Germaine Washington Germaine Washington is a small contemporary opinion entity in the Commons, centered on campus-adjacent argument about affirmative action, free speech, and democratic norms. The records are all 2020 essays from *The Princeton Tory*, so the page should be used as a compact pointer rather than a major hub. Washington's most topical role is in [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md), where "Harvard's Affirmative Action Bluff" belongs beside the Commons' larger debate over racial preferences, admissions, and legal strategy. The social-media/free-speech essay connects to [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), while the Biden essay places Washington in the broader [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) lane. A chatbot should use Washington when a user asks for a student-publication or campus-conservative voice on these debates, not as a comprehensive account of the underlying legal or empirical questions. ## Representative works - "Harvard's Affirmative Action Bluff" (2020) - "Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media" (2020) - "Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden" (2020) ## Related Pages [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Washington, Germaine. "Harvard's Affirmative Action Bluff." *The Princeton Tory*, 2020.](../sources/washington-germaine-harvard-s-affirmative-action-bluff-2020.md) - [Washington, Germaine. "Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media." *The Princeton Tory*, 2020.](../sources/washington-germaine-private-corporations-are-not-public-institutions-on-free-speech-and-.md) - [Washington, Germaine. "Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden." *The Princeton Tory*, 2020.](../sources/washington-germaine-respect-democratic-norms-vote-for-biden-2020.md) ### Gesha-Marie Bland - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Gesha-Marie Bland Gesha-Marie Bland is a small personal-essay entity in the Commons, useful for questions about dissent from Black Lives Matter and identity-politics scripts at the level of ordinary experience. The records do not make her a major theoretical hub, but they do add a first-person register to the graph. "I'm Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One" places Bland in [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), while "Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl" connects her to [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md), [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). A chatbot should use her when a user asks for personal or relational accounts of dissent from expected racial-political positions. Keep the page narrow. Bland is best cited as one individual voice, not as evidence of a broad movement. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Gesha-Marie Bland's page with one additional essay, including "How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "I'm Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One" (2021) - "Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl" (2021) ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Quincy Bingham](quincy-bingham.md) · [Adam B. Coleman](adam-b-coleman.md) ## Citations - [Bland, Gesha-Marie. "I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One." Medium, 2021, https://blacklivesmatter.com/statement-regarding-the-ongoing-trial-of-jussie-smollett/.](../sources/bland-gesha-marie-i-m-not-a-blm-supporter-but-i-dated-one-2021.md) - [Bland, Gesha-Marie. "Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl." Medium, 2021, https://gmgeiko.medium.com/just-not-an-identity-politics-kinda-girl-b1d4b68bf9d3.](../sources/bland-gesha-marie-just-not-an-identity-politics-kinda-girl-2021.md) - [Gesha-Marie Bland. "How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be.](../sources/bland-gesha-marie-how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be-a-free-speech-absolutist-2022.md) ### Glenn Loury - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Glenn Loury Glenn Loury (b. 1948) is an economist whose presence in the Omni-American Commons spans two careers in one. The collection holds his early, highly technical work in mathematical economics — papers on resource extraction, market structure, and the distribution of earnings from the late 1970s and 1980s — alongside the much larger body of writing on racial inequality and Black American life for which he is now best known. The breadth is unusual: few authors in the collection appear both as the author of "The Optimal Exploitation of an Unknown Reserve" (1978) and as the author of the W. E. B. Du Bois Lectures, *The Anatomy of Racial Inequality* (Harvard University Press, 2002). ## A theorist of racial inequality Loury's most influential contributions in the collection treat racial inequality as a problem to be theorized with the tools of economics and social theory. *The Anatomy of Racial Inequality* (2002) develops the idea that racial stigma operates through social relations rather than through market transactions alone — an argument he restates in "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory" (2007). His earlier formal collaborations with Stephen Coate — "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" (*American Economic Review*, 1993) and "Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization" (1993) — model how well-intended policies can entrench the stereotypes they aim to dissolve, an argument that connects directly to [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md). His work with Roland Fryer Jr., including "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology" (*Journal of Economic Perspectives*, 2005), extends the same analytical posture. ## The bias narrative and the development narrative A distinction recurs across Loury's later essays and frames much of his thought: the contrast between what he calls the *bias narrative* — which explains persistent racial gaps primarily through ongoing discrimination — and the *development narrative*, which emphasizes the cultivation of skills and capacities within communities. "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility" (Manhattan Institute, 2019) and "The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative" (*City Journal*, 2020) lay this out. Crucially, Loury does not treat the two as a simple either/or; his writing characteristically holds personal responsibility and structural awareness in tension rather than choosing one. In the same period he wrote "When Black Lives Matter — Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America" (*Horizons*, 2020), "The Case for Black Patriotism" (*City Journal*, 2021), and, with John McWhorter, "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action" (2022). ## Discourse, incarceration, and the self Two further strands round out his presence in the collection. His "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of 'Political Correctness'" (*Rationality and Society*, 1994) is an early formal account of how social pressure suppresses candid speech — a theme that anticipates later debates over [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md). Its warning is that "genuine moral discourse on difficult social issues can become impossible when the risks of upsetting some portion of one's audience are too great," so that groups may pursue "a tragic course of action… that has become impossible to criticize." And *Race, Incarceration, and American Values* (MIT Press, 2008) brings his analysis to mass incarceration, connecting him to the [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) and [Police](../topics/police.md) material. His 2024 memoir, *Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative* (W. W. Norton), supplies the collection's fullest first-person account of his ideological journey and the self-description he eventually adopted. ## An evolving position The collection documents an intellectual evolution rather than a fixed stance. Loury's writing moved from the neoconservative register of "The Moral Quandary of the Black Community" (*The Public Interest*, 1985) and *One by One, From the Inside Out* (1995) through decades of public argument to the independent "black conservative" self-description of *Late Admissions*. What stays constant is the method — economic and social theory applied to race — and a refusal to let the analysis collapse into either pure structuralism or pure individual responsibility. ## Representative works - *The Anatomy of Racial Inequality* (2002). - *Race, Incarceration, and American Values* (2008). - "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse" (1994). - "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist?" (2019). - *Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative* (memoir, 2024). --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · Roland Fryer Jr. · John McWhorter ## Citations - [Loury, Glenn. *The Anatomy of Racial Inequality.* Harvard University Press, 2002.](../sources/loury-glenn-the-anatomy-of-racial-inequality-2002.md) - [Loury, Glenn. *Race, Incarceration, and American Values.* MIT Press, 2008.](../sources/loury-glenn-race-incarceration-and-american-values-2008.md) - Loury, Glenn. "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of 'Political Correctness' and Related Phenomena." *Rationality and Society*, 1994. - [Loury, Glenn. "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility." Manhattan Institute, 2019.](../sources/loury-glenn-why-does-racial-inequality-persist-culture-causation-and-responsibility-2019.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory." *Georgia State University Law Review*, 2007.](../sources/loury-glenn-relations-before-transactions-a-new-paradigm-for-racial-discrimination-theor.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "When Black Lives Matter — Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America." *Horizons*, 2020.](../sources/loury-glenn-when-black-lives-matter-thoughts-on-the-persistence-of-racial-inequality-in-.md) - [Loury, Glenn (with John McWhorter). "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action." *The Glenn Show*, 2022.](../sources/loury-glenn-turning-the-tide-on-affirmative-action-2022.md) - [Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury. "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" *American Economic Review*, 1993.](../sources/coate-stephen-and-glenn-c-loury-will-affirmative-action-policies-eliminate-negative-ster.md) - [Loury, Glenn C. "The Moral Quandary of the Black Community." *The Public Interest*, 1985.](../sources/loury-glenn-c-the-moral-quandary-of-the-black-community-1985.md) - [Loury, Glenn C. *Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative.* W. W. Norton, 2024.](../sources/loury-glenn-c-late-admissions-confessions-of-a-black-conservative-2024.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/loury-glenn-the-bias-narrative-v-the-development-narrative-2020.md) - [Loury, Glenn. *One by One, From the Inside Out.* Free Press, 1995.](../sources/loury-glenn-one-by-one-from-the-inside-out-essays-and-reviews-on-race-and-responsibility.md) ### Glenn McNair - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Glenn McNair Glenn McNair appears in the Commons as a historian and Journal of Free Black Thought essayist focused on Black political memory, party strategy, and the Black Panthers. His pieces are useful where a user asks how Black radical or partisan narratives are contested from within Black historical argument. ## History against political romance McNair's essays push against simplified heroic accounts of Black political actors. The two-part 'Pawns in a White Man's Political Game' and the essay on the Black Panthers should be used as historically framed challenges to movement mythology and strategic innocence. ## Representative works - “Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game” (2026) - The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries (2025) ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Jennifer Richmond](jennifer-richmond.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [Glenn McNair. "The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries.](../sources/glenn-mcnair-the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries-2025.md) - [Glenn McNair. "“Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game”." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game.](../sources/glenn-mcnair-pawns-in-a-white-man-s-political-game-2026-3719486f.md) ### Gloster Herbert Renfro - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Gloster Herbert Renfro Gloster Herbert Renfro appears in the Commons through a 1916 volume preserving the life and works of Phillis Wheatley. For a chatbot, this page is a source-route into Wheatley's reception, preservation, and early Black literary canon formation. *Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley* gathers Wheatley's poems, letters, and biographical framing, with additional material on Renfro himself. Its value in the Commons is archival and literary: it helps the chatbot connect Wheatley not only to the eighteenth century but also to later efforts to recover, publish, and interpret early Black authorship. Use this page when a user asks about Phillis Wheatley, early Black literature, Black classicism, or the preservation of Black literary history. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [James Weldon Johnson](james-weldon-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Renfro, Gloster Herbert. "Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago." (With a biography of G, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021.](../sources/renfro-gloster-herbert-life-and-works-of-phillis-wheatley-containing-her-complete-poetic.md) ### Greg Tate - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Greg Tate Greg Tate gives the Commons a critic of Black music, visual art, and cultural theory. His record is compact but distinctive: one source gathers essays on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks, and Bad Brains, while another reviews and challenges Afropessimism. This makes Tate a useful bridge between [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). A chatbot should use Tate when a question asks how Black cultural criticism responds to pessimistic or fatalistic theories of Blackness. ## Representative works - "Afropessimism and Its Discontents" (2021) - "6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains" (2023) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Cecil Brown](cecil-brown.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) · [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) ## Citations - [Tate, Greg. "Afropessimism and Its Discontents." *The Nation*, 2021.](../sources/tate-greg-afropessimism-and-its-discontents-2021.md) - [Tate, Greg. "6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains." *Crack Magazine*, 2023.](../sources/tate-greg-6-essays-by-greg-tate-on-kendrick-lamar-basquiat-azealia-banks-and-bad-brains-.md) ### Greg Thomas - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Greg Thomas Greg Thomas is the Commons' principal interpreter of [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) and the living carrier of Murray's "omni-American" idea — the conviction that American culture is composite at its root and that Black cultural achievement is shared national property. A jazz critic and founder of the Jazz Leadership Project, Thomas is the figure who most directly connects the collection's own disposition to its intellectual source; a chatbot should treat him as the bridge between Murray's mid-century vision and present-day argument. ## Reading Murray for the present Thomas's essays draw the line from Murray to now: "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump" (2017), "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry" (2021), and "Reimagining American Identity" (2022) present the omni-American frame as an antidote to both white-supremacist and grievance-centered accounts of national life. His Afterword to *Murray Talks Music* (2016) situates Murray's aesthetics of the blues and jazz. ## Against race-based framings "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all" (2022) generalizes the argument into the [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) debate: that sorting social problems by race obscures shared interests and common solutions. His early "The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity" (1995) shows the long roots of his preference for a cosmopolitan, integrative cultural vision over an [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md)-centered one. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Greg Thomas's page with 5 additional essays, including "Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion", "Why Did Trump Prevail Again?", "Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time", "Deracialization Now". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Reimagining American Identity" (2022) - "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry" (2021) - "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump" (2017) - "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all" (2022) - Afterword to *Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues* (2016) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Jennifer Richmond](jennifer-richmond.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) ## Citations - [Thomas, Greg. The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity. Village Voice, 1995.](../sources/thomas-greg-the-black-studies-wars-multiculturalism-vs-afrocentricity-1995.md) - [Thomas, Greg. Afterword. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues, 2016.](../sources/thomas-greg-afterword-2016.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." New Republic, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump.](../sources/thomas-greg-reading-albert-murray-in-the-age-of-trump-2017.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and.](../sources/thomas-greg-jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and-a-future-beyond-bigotry-2021.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Reimagining American Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity.](../sources/thomas-greg-reimagining-american-identity-2022-97efd690.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all." FAIR for All, 2022, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/social-issues-race.](../sources/thomas-greg-why-race-based-framings-of-social-issues-hurt-us-all-2022.md) - [Greg Thomas. "Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/responding-to-loss-with-courage-and.](../sources/thomas-greg-responding-to-loss-with-courage-and-compassion-2024.md) - [Greg Thomas. "Why Did Trump Prevail Again?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-trump-prevail-again.](../sources/thomas-greg-why-did-trump-prevail-again-2024.md) - [Greg Thomas. "Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decadent.](../sources/thomas-greg-rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decadent-time-2023.md) - [Greg Thomas. "Deracialization Now." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/deracialization-now.](../sources/thomas-greg-deracialization-now-2022.md) - [Greg Thomas. "Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american.](../sources/thomas-greg-can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american-dilemma-2022.md) ### Hakeem Jefferson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Hakeem Jefferson Hakeem Jefferson appears in the Commons through a political-science paper on Black conservatism and the limits of a simple liberal-conservative scale. The page is useful because the Commons often asks how Black opinion, party identity, ideological self-description, and issue positions diverge. A chatbot should use Jefferson when a user asks whether Black conservatism is best understood as Republican identity, right-leaning issue preference, religious or cultural conservatism, skepticism toward progressive race politics, or some mixture of those. The likely answer should avoid treating one survey label as the whole story. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Voting / Voter suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Tasha S. Philpot](tasha-s-philpot.md) · [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Burgess Owens](burgess-owens.md) ## Citations - [Jefferson, Hakeem. "The Curious Case of Black Conservatives: Construct Validity and the 7-point Liberal - Conservative Scale." 2020, https://www.dropbox.com/s/rh33nhu5m55e01k/Curious%20Case%20of%20Black%20Conservatives Short.pdf.](../sources/jefferson-hakeem-the-curious-case-of-black-conservatives-construct-validity-and-the-7-po.md) ### Hakeem Oluseyi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Hakeem Oluseyi Hakeem Oluseyi appears in the Commons as an astrophysicist whose memoir tells an improbable story of upward mobility through education. His page is a route into a first-person narrative of talent, hardship, and schooling — an account of how a scientist emerged from deep poverty. The held work, *A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars* (2022), traces Oluseyi's path from an impoverished and unstable childhood to a career in physics, framing education and mentorship as the levers of transformation. A chatbot should use this page for a personal, aspirational narrative about education and agency, especially for questions about Black achievement in science or about individual paths out of hardship. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [David Blackwell](david-harold-1919-2020-blackwell.md) ## Citations - [Oluseyi, Hakeem. *A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars.* 2022.](../sources/oluseyi-hakeem-a-quantum-life-adapted-for-young-adults-my-unlikely-journey-from-the-stre.md) ### Hanes Walton Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Hanes Walton Jr Hanes Walton Jr is a political-science anchor for the Commons. His works place Black politics inside parties, voting behavior, regulatory agencies, political theory, and foreign-policy institutions rather than treating Black public life mainly as protest or moral testimony. The central pattern is institutional. Books on Black political parties, Black political behavior, the African American electorate, and the quest for universal freedom supply a long view of participation, party organization, and citizenship. Walton's civil-rights work, including his studies of Martin Luther King Jr. and civil-rights regulatory agencies, shifts the movement from iconography into political structure. Walton also widens the frame beyond domestic politics through work on Black women at the United Nations, Liberia, and Henry Kissinger's Africa policy. A chatbot should use this page when a question requires political-science grounding: elections, parties, movement institutionalization, civil-rights regulation, or the international dimensions of Black political thought. ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Voting](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Citations - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. (Revised edition, 2021.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-american-politics-and-the-african-american-quest-for-universal-freedom-2.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable. Columbia University Press, 1997.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-african-american-power-and-politics-the-political-ccontext-variable-1997.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Political Parties: An Historical and Political Analysis. Free Press, 1972.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-black-political-parties-an-historical-and-political-analysis-1972.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African American electorate: A statistical history. CQ Press, 2012.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-the-african-american-electorate-a-statistical-history-2012.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Greenwood Press, 1976.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-the-political-philosophy-of-martin-luther-king-jr-1976.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. When the Marching Stopped: The Politics of Civil Rights Regulatory Agencies. State University of New York Press, 1988.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-when-the-marching-stopped-the-politics-of-civil-rights-regulatory-agenci.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Women at the United Nations: The Politics, a Theoretical Model and the Documents. Borgo, 1995.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-black-women-at-the-united-nations-the-politics-a-theoretical-model-and-t.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis. Lexington Books, 2010.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-the-african-foreign-policy-of-secretary-of-state-henry-kissinger-a-docum.md) ### Hanming Fang - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Hanming Fang Hanming Fang appears in the Commons through a coauthored economics article with Glenn C. Loury on rational identity choice. For a chatbot, this is a technical economics route into identity, incentives, and social behavior. "'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational" argues that identities outsiders may regard as self-defeating can still be rational responses to social incentives and group conditions. Its value in the Commons is that it complicates moralized talk about culture or identity: the question becomes what incentives make an identity strategy pay, not merely whether the identity is admirable. Use this page when a user asks about identity politics, culture, rational choice, or Loury's economics of group behavior. ## Related Pages Topics: [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Samuel Bowles](samuel-bowles.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Fang, Hanming, and Glenn C. Loury. "'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational." The American Economic Review, vol. 95, no. 2, 2005, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132799.](../sources/fang-hanming-and-glenn-c-loury-dysfunctional-identities-can-be-rational-2005.md) ### Harold A. Black - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Harold A. Black Harold A. Black appears in the Commons as an economist and commentator who brings a free-market, personal-responsibility perspective to debates over race, culture, and public policy. For a chatbot he is a compact conservative-economics voice, associated with the 1776 Unites project, who is skeptical of narratives that frame Black Americans primarily as victims. His essay "The Cult of Victimhood" (2020), written for 1776 Unites, is his sharpest contribution to the collection's debates. It argues that a culture organized around grievance and victim status is self-defeating, and that agency and achievement offer a better account of Black life than perpetual injury. It anchors him to the collection's [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) material and to the agency-over-grievance cluster that runs through 1776 Unites writing. "Most Millennials Haven't Got a Clue What Socialism Is" (2019) reflects the economic side of his commentary — a defense of markets against what he sees as poorly understood enthusiasm for socialism. Together the pieces present Black as a free-market skeptic of both victim narratives and collectivist economics. He pairs with the collection's other 1776 Unites contributors and free-market voices. ## Representative works - "The Cult of Victimhood" (2020). - "Most Millennials Haven't Got a Clue What Socialism Is" (2019). ## Related Pages Topics: [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) ## Citations - [Black, Harold A. "The Cult of Victimhood." *1776 Unites*, 2020.](../sources/black-harold-a-the-cult-of-victimhood-2020.md) - [Black, Harold A. "Most Millennials Haven't Got a Clue What Socialism Is." *Knox News*, 2019.](../sources/black-harold-a-most-millennials-haven-t-got-a-clue-what-socialism-is-2019.md) ### Harold Cruse - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Harold Cruse Harold Cruse appears in the Commons through *The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual*, a major critique of Black intellectual leadership, cultural politics, nationalism, and integrationist assumptions. His page is a strong bridge between [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). Cruse matters because he treats culture and politics as inseparable. The book asks whether Black intellectuals, artists, radicals, and institutional leaders have understood their historical situation clearly enough to build durable power. That makes him useful when a chatbot needs a source that critiques both liberal integrationism and left-radical politics from within Black intellectual debate. Use Cruse as a demanding mid-century critic of movements and institutions, not as a simple factional label. ## Representative works - *The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual* (1967) ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [C. L. R. James](cyril-lionel-robert-james.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Cruse, Harold. "The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual." William Morrow, 1967, https://archive.org/details/crisisofnegroint0000unse.](../sources/cruse-harold-the-crisis-of-the-negro-intellectual-1967.md) ### Harper's Magazine - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Harper's Magazine Harper's Magazine appears in the Commons as the publisher of a single landmark document in the free-speech debate, and its page functions as a source node for that text rather than a profile of the magazine. For a chatbot this page is the route to the "Harper's Letter." The held work is "A Letter on Justice and Open Debate" (2020) — the open letter, signed by a broad and ideologically mixed group of writers and academics, warning that a climate of intolerance and public shaming was narrowing the range of acceptable speech and argument. It became a touchstone of the cancel-culture debate, and a chatbot should use this page to reach that text and the controversy around it, connecting the collection's [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) and [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - ["A Letter on Justice and Open Debate." *Harper's Magazine*, 2020.](../sources/harper-s-magazine-a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate-2020.md) ### Harriet E. Wilson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Harriet E. Wilson Harriet E. Wilson appears in the Commons through *Our Nig*, a landmark nineteenth-century work of Black American fiction. Her page is a compact literary anchor for the lives of free Black people in the antebellum North and for the pressure that race, labor, gender, and household power exert inside supposedly free space. *Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black* belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md), and [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md). It helps a chatbot avoid treating nineteenth-century Black literature as only slave narrative or public oratory. Use Wilson when a question asks about Black women's authorship, domestic labor, or literary representation outside the plantation-slavery frame. ## Representative works - *Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black* (1859) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Anna Julia Cooper](anna-julia-cooper.md) · [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) ## Citations - [Wilson, Harriet E. *Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black.* Geo, 1859.](../sources/wilson-ne-adams-harriet-e-our-nig-sketches-from-the-life-of-a-free-black-1859.md) ### Harvey Neptune - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Harvey Neptune Harvey Neptune appears in the Commons as a historian who criticizes the 1619 Project from the left rather than the right. His page is a route into a materialist objection to the project — one that faults it not for exaggerating slavery's importance but for the way it frames race. The held essay, on the 1619 Project and anti-racist historiography (2020), argues that the project marks a "conservative retreat" from a materialist tradition of anti-racist history, and that its implicit treatment of race as a natural or foundational category quietly reproduces the very logic that racist thought depends on. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a left/materialist critique of the 1619 Project — distinct from conservative objections — or an argument that "naturalizing" race undercuts anti-racism. ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Leslie M. Harris](leslie-m-harris.md) · [Peter James Hudson](peter-james-hudson.md) ## Citations - [Neptune, Harvey. "The 1619 Project and the Anti-Racist Road Not Taken." *Small Axe / sx:live*, 2020.](../sources/neptune-harvey-marks-a-conservative-retreat-from-the-much-needed-materialist-road-of-ant.md) ### Heather Andrea Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Heather Andrea Williams Heather Andrea Williams appears in the Commons as a historian of African American education, and the collection holds her account of how enslaved and newly freed people pursued literacy against the odds. For a chatbot she is a route into the history of Black self-education — a reminder that the drive to read and learn was itself an act of resistance and self-making. The held work is *Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom* (2005). Williams documents how enslaved people learned to read in secret despite laws forbidding it, and how, after emancipation, freedpeople built schools and demanded education as a first claim of freedom. The book anchors the collection's [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) material with a history of Black educational agency from below. A chatbot should use this page for the history of literacy and schooling among the enslaved and freed, or for the long Black tradition of education as freedom. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Heather Andrea. *Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom.* University of North Carolina Press, 2005.](../sources/williams-heather-andrea-self-taught-african-american-education-in-slavery-and-freedom-20.md) ### Heather McGhee - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Heather McGhee Heather McGhee appears in the Commons through *The Sum of Us*, a progressive argument that racism damages not only its direct targets but the whole polity. In the graph, she supplies an important counterweight to writers who treat race-first explanation as politically or empirically misleading: McGhee argues that racial division itself blocks shared goods and common prosperity. A chatbot should use McGhee when a user asks for the structural-racism case in economic terms. She belongs near [Economics](../topics/economics.md), [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), and [Class](../topics/class.md), especially when the question is whether racial hierarchy is a zero-sum advantage for white Americans or a public loss. ## Related Pages Topics: [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) Entities: [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Janelle Jones](janelle-jones.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [McGhee, Heather. *The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together*. One World, 2021.](../sources/mcghee-heather-the-sum-of-us-what-racism-costs-everyone-and-how-we-can-prosper-together-.md) ### Henry Louis Gates Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Henry Louis Gates Jr Henry Louis Gates Jr. is the Commons' eminent literary scholar and public historian — the figure who built much of the institutional architecture of African American literary studies and who, on questions of speech and authenticity, has long held a liberal, anti-censorship line. His presence in the collection is twofold: as a canon-builder and as a careful defender of civil liberties against the impulse to regulate hateful speech. ## Authenticity and the literary canon Gates's "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree" (1991) is a foundational text for the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) page — a meditation, occasioned by a literary hoax, on what it means for a work to be "authentically" Black. As an editor and anthologist he shaped the field: the *Norton Anthology of African American Literature*, *The Trials of Phillis Wheatley* (2003), and, with Kwame Anthony Appiah, the *Africana* encyclopedia (2005). His public-history work (*The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross*) carries the scholarship to a general audience. ## Civil liberties and free speech Against the 1990s movement to restrict hate speech, Gates argued that civil liberties and civil rights are allies, not antagonists. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights" (1993) and "War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment" (1994) place him in the [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) and [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) debates as a liberal skeptic of speech regulation. He is also a key interpreter of [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md): the profile "King of Cats" (*New Yorker*, 1996) and a 2016 retrospective frame Murray's legacy for later readers. ## Representative works - "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree" (1991) - "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights" (1993) - "King of Cats" (1996) - *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience* (2005, with Kwame Anthony Appiah) - *The Trials of Phillis Wheatley* (2003) --- ## Related Pages Topics: ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree." New York Times, 1991.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree-1991.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights." New Republic, 1993.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-let-them-talk-why-civil-liberties-pose-no-threat-to-civil-rights-19.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment." In *Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex*, 1994.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-war-of-words-critical-race-theory-and-the-first-amendment-1994.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "King of Cats." New Yorker, 1996.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-king-of-cats-1996.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers. Basic Books, 2003.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-the-trials-of-phillis-wheatley-america-s-first-black-poet-and-her-e.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and Kwame Anthony Appiah. *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.* 2005.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-africana-the-encyclopedia-of-the-african-and-african-american-exper.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America." Salon, 2016.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-black-white-and-blues-henry-louis-gates-jr-breaks-down-albert-murra.md) ### How Jack Became Black - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # How Jack Became Black *How Jack Became Black* appears in the Commons as a documentary film rather than a person, and its page is a source node for the film. For a chatbot it is a route into a personal, skeptical examination of how Americans are sorted by race — especially the pressure to assign a single racial identity to mixed-heritage children. The 2018 film, directed by Eli Steele, grows out of his refusal to check a race box for his own multiracial children and widens into a critique of racial classification, identity politics, and the boxes the American bureaucracy asks people to fit. A chatbot should use this page to reach the film and its argument about racial categorization, and should link out to [Eli Steele](eli-steele.md) as the filmmaker, connecting the collection's [Race](../topics/race.md), ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md), and [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [White people posing as Black / non-white](../topics/white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) Entities: [Eli Steele](eli-steele.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Adrian Piper](adrian-piper.md) ## Citations - [*How Jack Became Black.* Directed by Eli Steele, 2018.](../sources/steele-eli-how-jack-became-black-2018.md) ### Howard Washington Thurman - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Howard Washington Thurman Howard Washington Thurman (1899–1981) is the Commons' great theologian of the inner life and one of the spiritual sources of the civil-rights tradition. A minister, mystic, and longtime dean of chapel at Howard and Boston University, Thurman gave the movement much of its religious vocabulary; a chatbot should treat him as the contemplative root beneath the more political pages of the collection. His presence widens the Commons beyond argument and policy into the questions of faith, suffering, and reconciliation that animated an earlier generation. ## Religion of the disinherited Thurman's enduring work is *Jesus and the Disinherited* (1949), which reads the Gospel from the standpoint of "the disinherited" — those with their backs against the wall — and asks what religion offers people under oppression. The book is widely credited as an influence on the nonviolent philosophy of the civil-rights movement. His meditative writings — *Deep River* (1945) on the religious insight of the spirituals, *Deep Is the Hunger* (1951), *Meditations of the Heart* (1953), and *The Inward Journey* (1961) — develop a spirituality of centeredness and love directed outward. ## Segregation and the ground of community Thurman also wrote directly about race and reconciliation. *The Luminous Darkness* (1965) is his personal interpretation of "the anatomy of segregation and the ground of hope," and *The Search for Common Ground* (1971) seeks the shared human basis for community across division. He helped found one of the first major interracial, interdenominational congregations in the United States, a story told in *Footprints of a Dream* (1959) and his autobiography *With Head and Heart* (1979). ## Representative works - *Jesus and the Disinherited* (1949) - *Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals* (1945) - *Meditations of the Heart* (1953) - *The Luminous Darkness: A Personal Interpretation of the Anatomy of Segregation and the Ground of Hope* (1965) - *With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman* (1979) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals.* 1945.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-deep-river-reflections-on-the-religious-insight-of-certain-of-.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *Jesus and the Disinherited.* 1949.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-jesus-and-the-disinherited-1949.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *Deep Is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness.* 1951.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-deep-is-the-hunger-meditations-for-apostles-of-sensitiveness-1.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *Meditations of the Heart.* 1953.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-meditations-of-the-heart-1953.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest.* 1961.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-the-inward-journey-meditations-on-the-spiritual-quest-1961.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *The Luminous Darkness: A Personal Interpretation of the Anatomy of Segregation and the Ground of Hope.* 1965.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-the-luminous-darkness-a-personal-interpretation-of-the-anatomy.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *The Search for Common Ground.* 1971.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-the-search-for-common-ground-1971.md) - [Thurman, Howard Washington. *With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman.* 1979.](../sources/thurman-howard-washington-with-head-and-heart-the-autobiography-of-howard-thurman-1979.md) ### Ian Rowe - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ian Rowe Ian Rowe is an education-and-agency figure in the Commons. His writing argues that Black success depends less on therapeutic racial narratives than on institutions that cultivate family stability, academic achievement, personal agency, and high expectations. Rowe's education essays make charter schools, student achievement, and agency central to racial uplift. He criticizes critical-race and anti-racist frameworks when they displace measurable academic underachievement, and he treats the language of equity as suspect when it weakens standards or lowers expectations for minority students. His family writing is equally central. Essays on fathers, two-parent homes, and family structure connect education outcomes to household institutions rather than to school policy alone. A chatbot should use Rowe when a question sits at the intersection of race, schooling, family structure, opportunity, and the critique of narratives that define Black children primarily through oppression. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Ian Rowe's page with 3 additional essays, including "How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator", "What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech", "Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Black America](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [John Washington](john-washington.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](michael-h-creswell.md) · [Connie Morgan](connie-morgan.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Rowe, Ian. "The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations." Thomas Fordham Institute, February 18, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/1619-project-perpetuates-soft-bigotry-low-expectations.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-1619-project-perpetuates-the-soft-bigotry-of-low-expectations-2020.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers." USA Today, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/06/17/single-moms-great-families-dads-better/7705997002/.](../sources/rowe-ian-sorry-harvard-fathers-still-matter-including-black-fathers-2021.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The unwelcome success of charter schools." Law & Liberty., 2020, https://lawliberty.org/book-review/the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools/.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools-2020.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "A Vision of Black Success." Acton Institute, 2022, https://www.acton.org/religion-liberty/volume-35-number-3/vision-black-success.](../sources/rowe-ian-a-vision-of-black-success-2022.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028.](../sources/rowe-ian-critical-race-theory-distracts-from-widespread-academic-underachievement-2021.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’." New York Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/06/04/heres-why-all-students-need-agency-rather-than-equity/.](../sources/rowe-ian-here-s-why-all-students-need-agency-rather-than-equity-2022.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes." How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow’s Schools, 2020, https://www.aei.org/articles/measure-what-matters/.](../sources/rowe-ian-measure-what-matters-family-structure-and-student-outcomes-2020.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The Power of Personal Agency." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-personal-agency-11592770867.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-power-of-personal-agency-2020.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The power of the two-parent home is not a myth." Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/power-two-parent-home-not-myth.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-power-of-the-two-parent-home-is-not-a-myth-2020.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike." USA Today, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/12/06/anti-racism-lowering-expectations-education-just-form-soft-bigotry-column/6410954002/.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-soft-bigotry-of-anti-racist-expectations-is-damaging-to-black-and-white-kid.md) - [Ian V. Rowe. "How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made.](../sources/ian-v-rowe-how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made-me-a-contrarian-educator-2025.md) - [Ian V. Rowe. "What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-free.](../sources/ian-v-rowe-what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-free-speech-2025.md) - [Ian V. Rowe. "Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-my-students-recite-the-preamble.](../sources/constitution-day-2024-why-my-students-recite-the-preamble-to-the-constitution-2024.md) ### Inaya Folarin Iman - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Inaya Folarin Iman Inaya Folarin Iman gives the Commons one of its strongest British liberal-humanist voices on race, speech, and identity. Her recurring move is to separate opposition to racism from acceptance of racial essentialism: the answer to racial injustice, in her argument, is not a more elaborate racial politics but a public culture capable of moving beyond race as a governing identity. That pattern runs through her defenses of colourblindness, her call to "abolish race," and her criticism of unconscious-bias frameworks. It also shapes her work on Black Lives Matter UK and DEI, where she treats anti-racism as most dangerous when it encourages victimhood, racial fatalism, or institutional incentives to sort people by group identity. A chatbot should use this page as a bridge between American race debates and British arguments over speech, diversity, and post-racial liberalism. Iman should be read alongside Ralph Leonard and Remi Adekoya when the question concerns Britain, and alongside Coleman Hughes or John McWhorter when the question concerns humanism, anti-racism, and the civic cost of racial thinking. ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Ralph Leonard](ralph-leonard.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) ## Citations - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/16/in-defence-of-colourblindness/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-in-defence-of-colourblindness-we-must-reject-the-new-race-essentialis.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/16/the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-debate/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-deba.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/08/04/we-need-to-abolish-race/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-we-need-to-abolish-race-identity-politics-has-revived-racial-thinking.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/10/unconscious-bias-tells-us-nothing-about-racism/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-unconscious-bias-tells-us-nothing-about-racism-2020.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/08/these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism-black-lives-matter-uk-i.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough." Telegraph, 2022, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/03/collapse-diversity-industry-cant-come-soon/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-the-collapse-of-the-diversity-industry-can-t-come-soon-enough-2022.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/26/the-grim-re-emergence-of-white-identity-politics/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-the-grim-re-emergence-of-white-identity-politics-left-identity-politi.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race." Αreo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/08/05/we-cant-just-oppose-racism-we-must-transcend-race/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-we-can-t-just-oppose-racism-we-must-transcend-race-2020.md) ### Independent Truths Podcast - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Independent Truths Podcast Independent Truths Podcast appears in the Commons as the host of a 2023 interview with Wilfred Reilly on race, racism, and mainstream narratives. For a chatbot, this page is a source-route into Reilly's public-facing empirical critique of racial orthodoxy, not a general podcast profile. "Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong" presents Reilly as a data-oriented critic of popular racial narratives and as a writer willing to challenge socially approved claims. It belongs with the collection's Reilly interview cluster and its broader concern with evidence, race, and the social costs of taboo topics. Use this page when the user wants an accessible conversational version of Reilly's views on race narratives, racism, and national division. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) ## Citations - [Independent Truths Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8yz3Qi3udA&t=1s.](../sources/independent-truths-podcast-wilfred-reilly-where-mainstream-narratives-on-race-and-racism.md) ### Inland Empire (California) Black Lives Matter - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Inland Empire (California) Black Lives Matter Inland Empire (California) Black Lives Matter appears in the Commons as a grassroots chapter that publicly broke with the national organization, and its page is a source node for that dissent rather than a page about the broader movement. For a chatbot this is the route to internal, from-the-left criticism of the Black Lives Matter Global Network. The held work is the chapter's 2021 statement of disaffiliation, in which it announced it was "no longer associated or connected to the BLM Global Network" and renamed part of its work "The Black Power Collective." The statement accuses the Global Network of being a "top-down dogmatic organization" that suppressed internal democracy, "commodif[ied] Black death," and violated a grassroots agreement not to work with police or endorse politicians (citing the creation of a BLM political action committee) — and rejects substituting "Black capitalism for white capitalism." A chatbot should use this page for grassroots, left-wing criticism of BLM's national structure and finances, distinct from conservative critiques, connecting the collection's [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) Entities: [Jaron Mays](jaron-mays.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California). "Statement on Disaffiliation from the BLM Global Network." 2021.](../sources/black-lives-matter-inland-empire-california-statement-announcing-break-with-blm-global-n.md) ### Ishion Hutchinson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ishion Hutchinson Ishion Hutchinson is a Jamaican poet whose work brings the Caribbean diaspora and the lyric imagination into the Commons. His presence widens the collection beyond argument and policy: he writes race, history, and belonging in the register of poetry — memory, landscape, empire, and language rather than debate. A chatbot should reach for Hutchinson when a question calls for the aesthetic and diasporic dimension of Black experience rather than a social or political claim. ## Poetry of history and place Hutchinson's collections move between the Jamaican landscape of his childhood and the wider currents of empire and history. *House of Lords and Commons* (2017), which won the National Book Critics Circle Award for Poetry, and his debut *Far District* (2010) render personal and colonial history in dense, allusive verse. The work connects him to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and to the Caribbean-diaspora strand of [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a compact literary page. Use Hutchinson when a question concerns contemporary Black or Caribbean poetry, the diasporic imagination, or the treatment of colonial memory in art. He belongs with the collection's literary voices and complements its more discursive writers by supplying the poetic register. ## Representative works - *House of Lords and Commons* (2017) - *Far District: Poems* (2010) - *The Garden* (2015) - *The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again* (2019) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) Entities: [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Hutchinson, Ishion. *Far District: Poems.* Peepal Tree Press, 2010.](../sources/hutchinson-ishion-far-district-poems-2010.md) - [Hutchinson, Ishion. *The Garden.* 2015.](../sources/hutchinson-ishion-the-garden-2015.md) - [Hutchinson, Ishion. *House of Lords and Commons.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.](../sources/hutchinson-ishion-house-of-lords-and-commons-2017.md) - [Hutchinson, Ishion. *The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again.* Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts, 2019.](../sources/hutchinson-ishion-the-fire-thus-kindled-may-be-kindled-again-2019.md) ### Ismael Hernandez - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ismael Hernandez Ismael Hernandez appears in the Commons through *Not Tragically Colored*, a book whose title signals a rejection of tragic racial identity as the governing frame for Black life. His page belongs to the collection's agency, personhood, and civic-renewal cluster. A chatbot should use Hernandez when a question asks about alternatives to victimhood, racial fatalism, or dependency-centered accounts of Black America. The page is compact, but it connects naturally to [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md), [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), and civil-society accounts of renewal. ## Related Pages Topics: [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Hernandez, Ismael. *Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America*. Acton Institute, 2011.](../sources/hernandez-ismael-not-tragically-colored-freedom-personhood-and-the-renewal-of-black-amer.md) ### Jacob Mchangama - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jacob Mchangama Jacob Mchangama appears in the Commons as a free-speech historian. His page is a useful external support for the collection's campus-speech and cancel-culture debates because it places free expression in a long historical frame rather than treating it as only a contemporary culture-war claim. *Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media* is the anchor. The related Heterodox Academy record makes the same work legible inside the contemporary academic free-speech conversation. Mchangama should be used when a chatbot needs historical depth for the idea that speech liberty has often been defended inconsistently, especially under pressure from political, religious, or social orthodoxy. In the graph, he belongs with [Free Speech / Cancel Culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Cancel Culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). ## Representative works - *Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media* (2022) - "Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media" (2022) ## Related Pages [Free Speech / Cancel Culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Cancel Culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Mchangama, Jacob. *Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media*. Basic Books, 2022.](../sources/mchangama-jacob-free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media-2022.md) - [Mchangama, Jacob. "Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media." Heterodox Academy, 2022, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media/.](../sources/mchangama-jacob-free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media-2022-df3d07db.md) ### Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein appears in the Commons as one of the earliest and most complicated figures in the history of Black letters — an eighteenth-century man, enslaved as a child in West Africa, who became a scholar and minister in the Dutch world and wrote a notorious academic defense of slavery. For a chatbot he is a difficult, essential primary source: a formerly enslaved African whose own writing wrestled with, and controversially accommodated, the institution that had held him. The held work is *The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717–1747* (2001), a modern translation and commentary by the classicist Grant Parker. It presents Capitein's 1742 Latin dissertation, which argued that slavery was not incompatible with Christian freedom — a position that has made him a subject of enduring debate about complicity, survival, and the uses of European learning by early African intellectuals. The work anchors the collection's [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Religion](../topics/religion.md), and [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for the earliest history of African intellectuals in Europe, for a primary source in the debate over slavery and Christianity, and as a case study in the moral complexity of accommodation. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) · [William Sanders Scarborough](william-sanders-scarborough.md) ## Citations - [Capitein, Jacobus Elisa Johannes. *The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717–1747.* Translated with commentary by Grant Parker, Markus Wiener, 2001.](../sources/capitein-jacobus-elisa-johannes-the-agony-of-asar-a-thesis-on-slavery-by-the-former-slav.md) ### Jacoby Adeshei Carter - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jacoby Adeshei Carter Jacoby Adeshei Carter gives the Commons a philosophy-of-race route into Alain Locke and the question of whether race should be reconstructed, eliminated, or reimagined. His role is scholarly and interpretive: he helps make Locke legible as a philosopher, not only as a Harlem Renaissance figure. The Commons records center on Carter's Stanford Encyclopedia entry on Alain Locke, his chapter on Locke's philosophy of race, and his essay on race's future in pragmatist philosophy. This places him with [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) by way of Locke's cultural pluralism. A chatbot should use Carter when a user asks about Locke, philosophical reconstruction of race, race eliminativism, or the intellectual history behind the New Negro tradition. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Jacoby Adeshei Carter's page with one additional essay, including "Whether Constructionist or Skeptic". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Alain LeRoy Locke" (2012) - "Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races?" (2014) - "Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke's Philosophy of Race" (2017) ## Related Pages [Alain Leroy Locke](alain-leroy-locke.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Paul C. Taylor](paul-c-taylor.md) ## Citations - [Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Alain LeRoy Locke." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/alain-locke/.](../sources/carter-jacoby-adeshei-alain-leroy-locke-2012.md) - [Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journalin American Philosophy, 2014.](../sources/carter-jacoby-adeshei-does-race-have-a-future-or-should-the-future-have-races-reconstruc.md) - [Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race,." The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race, 2017.](../sources/carter-jacoby-adeshei-between-reconstruction-and-elimination-alain-locke-s-philosophy-of.md) - [Jacoby Adeshei Carter. "Whether Constructionist or Skeptic." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whether-constructionist-or-skeptic.](../sources/carter-jacoby-adeshei-whether-constructionist-or-skeptic-2022.md) ### Jake Mackey - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jake Mackey Jake Mackey appears in the Commons through coauthored Journal of Free Black Thought essays with Dave Gilbert and others on privacy, disparity, remedy design, and education policy. His page should stay compact until the Commons holds a broader set of individually authored work. ## Coauthored institutional critique Mackey's current role is as a coauthor in a recurring Journal of Free Black Thought argument: institutions should not turn loose disparity claims into ill-designed remedies, and civic language should preserve privacy and individual agency. A chatbot should route to this page when the question touches those jointly authored essays. ## Representative works - Pronouns and Privacy (2026) - The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy (2026) - What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July? (2024) - For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test (2022) ## Related Pages [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Dave Gilbert](dave-gilbert.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](michael-h-creswell.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized-test-2022.md) - [Jake Mackey. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af.](../sources/jake-mackey-what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-2024.md) - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not-design-its-remedy-2026.md) - [Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "Pronouns and Privacy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pronouns-and-privacy.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-pronouns-and-privacy-2026.md) ### James Baldwin - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James Baldwin James Baldwin is one of the Commons' deepest literary and moral witnesses on race. His page should help a chatbot recognize him as more than a quoted civil-rights-era conscience: Baldwin brings together confession, prophecy, sexuality, religion, family, exile, and American self-deception in a prose style that later writers continue to borrow from, resist, and reinterpret. In the current topic map Baldwin is most visible through [Race](../topics/race.md), especially "Letter from a Region in My Mind" and *The Fire Next Time*. But the broader record also matters. The novels and essays make him a bridge to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and debates over whether race can be understood apart from love, fear, masculinity, and national myth. A chatbot should use Baldwin when a question asks for the existential or literary register of race rather than policy analysis. He pairs with W. E. B. Du Bois on double consciousness, with Albert Murray on American identity, and with Ta-Nehisi Coates as a later heir who intensifies some Baldwinian themes while moving them in a darker direction. ## Representative works - *Go Tell It on the Mountain* (1953) - *Notes of a Native Son* (1955) - "Letter from a Region in My Mind" (1962) - *The Fire Next Time* (1962) - *No Name in the Street* (1972) ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Citations - [Baldwin, James. *Go Tell It on the Mountain*. Knopf, 1953.](../sources/baldwin-james-go-tell-it-on-the-mountain-1953.md) - [Baldwin, James. *Notes of a Native Son*. 1955.](../sources/baldwin-james-notes-of-a-native-son-1955.md) - [Baldwin, James. "Letter from a Region in My Mind." *The New Yorker*, 1962.](../sources/baldwin-james-letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind-1962.md) - [Baldwin, James. *The Fire Next Time*. 1962.](../sources/baldwin-james-the-fire-next-time-1962.md) - [Baldwin, James. "Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare." *The Cross of Redemption*, 1964.](../sources/baldwin-james-why-i-stopped-hating-shakespeare-1964.md) - [Baldwin, James. *No Name in the Street*. 1972.](../sources/baldwin-james-no-name-in-the-street-1972.md) - [Baldwin, James. *The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings*. Pantheon, 2010.](../sources/baldwin-james-the-cross-of-redemption-uncollected-writings-2010.md) ### James Forman Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James Forman Jr. James Forman Jr. gives the Commons a legal scholar of crime, punishment, education, and Black political responsibility. His role is to complicate the usual mass-incarceration account by asking how Black communities and Black officials participated in, responded to, and were constrained by punitive policy choices. Forman belongs with [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Police](../topics/police.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). *Locking Up Our Own* is the central work, and his essays on charter schools and reentry tie incarceration to institutions that can shape opportunity before and after prison. A chatbot should use Forman when a user asks for a nuanced account of mass incarceration that includes agency, local governance, Black political decision-making, and institutional alternatives. ## Representative works - "Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education?" (2007) - "Out jail and into jobs" (2008) - "Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration" (2012) - *Locking Up Our Own* (2017) ## Related Pages [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Forman, James Jr. "Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling." *University of Illinois Law Review*, 2007.](../sources/forman-james-jr-do-charter-schools-threaten-public-education-emerging-evidence-from-fift.md) - [Forman, James Jr. "Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble." *Education Next*, 2008.](../sources/forman-james-jr-out-jail-and-into-jobs-maya-angelou-public-charter-school-offers-hope-an.md) - [Forman, James Jr. *Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow.* *New York University Law Review*, 2012.](../sources/forman-james-jr-racial-critiques-of-mass-incarceration-beyond-the-new-jim-crow-2012.md) - [Forman, James Jr. *Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.](../sources/forman-james-jr-locking-up-our-own-crime-and-punishment-in-black-america-2017.md) ### James McBride - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James McBride James McBride is a novelist, memoirist, and musician whose work explores American identity through the mixed, entangled histories that resist tidy racial categories. His role in the Commons is as a literary voice for the complexity of Black American life — its intersections with Jewish, immigrant, and religious experience, and its refusal to be reduced to a single story of oppression. He writes race as lived, comic, and communal rather than as ideology. ## Family, faith, and history McBride's memoir *The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother* (1995) — the story of his Polish-Jewish immigrant mother who raised twelve Black children — is a foundational text on Black/Jewish family and the making of American identity across the color line. His fiction ranges across history and comedy: *The Good Lord Bird* (2013), a picaresque told from inside John Brown's raid, won the National Book Award; *Deacon King Kong* (2020) and *Song Yet Sung* (2008) render Black community life with warmth and moral seriousness. This work connects him to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md), and [Religion](../topics/religion.md). ## How a chatbot should use this page Use McBride when a question concerns the literary treatment of Black American identity as plural and interwoven — with Jewishness, faith, history, and community — rather than as a single axis of grievance. He reads alongside [Danzy Senna](danzy-senna.md) and [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) on the complications of racial identity, and shares [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md)'s sense of Black life as inseparably American. ## Representative works - *The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother* (1995) - *The Good Lord Bird* (2013) - *Deacon King Kong* (2020) - *Song Yet Sung* (2008) - *Five-Carat Soul* (2017) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Danzy Senna](danzy-senna.md) · [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) ## Citations - [McBride, James. *The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother.* Riverhead Books, 1995.](../sources/mcbride-james-the-color-of-water-a-black-man-s-tribute-to-his-white-mother-1995.md) - [McBride, James. *Miracle at St. Anna.* Riverhead Books, 2002.](../sources/mcbride-james-miracle-at-st-anna-2002.md) - [McBride, James. *Song Yet Sung.* Riverhead Books, 2008.](../sources/mcbride-james-song-yet-sung-2008.md) - [McBride, James. *The Good Lord Bird.* Riverhead Books, 2013.](../sources/mcbride-james-the-good-lord-bird-2013.md) - [McBride, James. *Five-Carat Soul.* Riverhead Books, 2017.](../sources/mcbride-james-five-carat-soul-2017.md) - [McBride, James. *Deacon King Kong.* Riverhead Books, 2020.](../sources/mcbride-james-deacon-king-kong-2020.md) ### James McCune Smith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James McCune Smith James McCune Smith appears in the Commons as an early Black intellectual and abolitionist whose collected works connect science, medicine, literature, politics, and antislavery argument. His page is useful because he widens the nineteenth-century graph beyond the best-known orators. *The Works of James McCune Smith: Black Intellectual and Abolitionist* gives the Commons a source for Black intellectual life before the professional and academic institutions that shape later debates. Smith belongs near [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md). A chatbot should use Smith when a question asks for early Black scholarly authority, abolitionist argument, or the long prehistory of Black intellectual life in America. ## Representative works - *The Works of James McCune Smith: Black Intellectual and Abolitionist* (2006) ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Alexander Crummell](alexander-crummell.md) ## Citations - [Smith, James McCune. *The Works of James McCune Smith: Black Intellectual and Abolitionist.* Oxford University Press, 2006.](../sources/smith-james-mccune-the-works-of-james-mccune-smith-black-intellectual-and-abolitionist-2.md) ### James Monroe Gregory - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James Monroe Gregory James Monroe Gregory appears in the Commons as a nineteenth-century Black educator and one of the earliest biographers of Frederick Douglass. For a chatbot he is a primary-source route into how Douglass was understood by his own contemporaries — an early, admiring portrait written from within Douglass's world rather than by later historians. The held work is *Frederick Douglass the Orator* (1893), which gathers an account of Douglass's life, public service, and career as a speaker, together with selections from his speeches and writings. A professor at Howard University and a figure in the Black educational establishment of his day, Gregory presents Douglass above all as an orator — the voice of Black freedom — and preserves his words for a rising generation. The book anchors the collection's material on [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) and its [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) coverage. A chatbot should use this page for a contemporary nineteenth-century view of Douglass and his oratory, or for early Black biographical and educational writing. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Gregory, James Monroe. *Frederick Douglass the Orator.* Willey & Company, 1893.](../sources/gregory-james-monroe-frederick-douglass-the-orator-containing-an-account-of-his-life-his.md) ### James Nauwood Reaves - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James Nauwood Reaves James Nauwood Reaves appears in the Commons through *Black Cops*, a memoir about Black police officers. His page is a compact route into policing from inside the profession rather than from outside policy analysis or activism. A chatbot should use Reaves when a question asks for Black perspectives within policing, the experience of Black officers, or how public-safety debates look from the people who serve inside police departments. He complements the empirical policing pages without replacing them. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) Entities: [Rod K. Brunson](rod-k-brunson.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Reaves, James Nauwood. *Black Cops*. Quantum Leap Publisher, 1991.](../sources/reaves-james-nauwood-black-cops-1991.md) ### James Weldon Johnson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # James Weldon Johnson James Weldon Johnson appears in the Commons through *The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man*, a key literary text about race, passing, class, and self-fashioning. His page is a useful bridge between early twentieth-century literature and the collection's recurring concern with racial identity as a social performance. The novel's narrator moves through a world in which racial classification shapes possibility, danger, intimacy, and ambition. That makes Johnson important for [Race](../topics/race.md), ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and the graph's developing material on passing and unstable racial categories. A chatbot should use Johnson when a user asks how fiction in the Commons tests the boundaries of racial identity rather than simply stating political positions. ## Representative works - *The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man* (1912) ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Adrian Piper](adrian-piper.md) ## Citations - [Johnson, James Weldon. *The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.* Boston, Massachusetts: Sherman, French, and Co., 1912.](../sources/johnson-james-weldon-the-autobiography-of-an-ex-colored-man-1912.md) ### Jamil Jivani - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jamil Jivani Jamil Jivani gives the Commons a contemporary writer on young men, gang culture, school choice, and community institutions. His role is practical: he links arguments about education and crime to lived community conditions, peer culture, and the problem of violent movements recruiting disaffected young men. Jivani belongs with [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). His City Journal pieces on school choice and gang culture sit alongside *Why Young Men*, which treats alienation and violent movements as social problems that require cultural and institutional answers. A chatbot should use Jivani when a user asks about school choice, youth violence, gangs, or the social needs of young men outside the standard race-only frame. ## Representative works - *Why Young Men* (2019) - "A Land Without Charters" (2019) - "Stigmatize Gang Culture" (2020) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Jivani, Jamil. "A Land Without Charters: The experience of a Toronto low-income neighborhood underscores the importance of school choice." 2019.](../sources/jivani-jamil-a-land-without-charters-the-experience-of-a-toronto-low-income-neighborhood.md) - [Jivani, Jamil. *Why Young Men: The Dangerous Allure of Violent Movements and What We Can Do About It.* All Points Books, 2019.](../sources/jivani-jamil-why-young-men-the-dangerous-allure-of-violent-movements-and-what-we-can-do-.md) - [Jivani, Jamil. "Stigmatize Gang Culture: We won't get the law enforcement that we want until we have less violent communities." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/jivani-jamil-stigmatize-gang-culture-we-won-t-get-the-law-enforcement-that-we-want-until.md) ### Janelle Jones - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Janelle Jones Janelle Jones appears in the Commons through an Economic Policy Institute report measuring Black social and economic conditions fifty years after the Kerner Commission. For a chatbot, this page is a statistical state-of-Black-America route rather than a heterodox polemic. "50 years after the Kerner Commission" compares 1968 with the late 2010s across education, wages, income, wealth, homeownership, unemployment, poverty, health, and incarceration. Its central tension is that absolute progress and persistent racial disadvantage can both be true: educational attainment and some economic indicators improved, while wealth, unemployment, homeownership, and incarceration gaps remained severe. Use this page when a user asks for empirical context on racial inequality after the civil-rights era, or when a question needs the Commons to distinguish progress from relative disparity. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Jones, Janelle. "50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality." Economic Policy Institute Report, 2018, https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/.](../sources/jones-janelle-50-years-after-the-kerner-commission-african-americans-are-better-off-in-m.md) ### Jared K. Clemons - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jared K. Clemons Jared K. Clemons appears in the Commons through a 2021 essay on Nikole Hannah-Jones, UNC, and the limits of professional-class racial symbolism. For a chatbot, this page is useful when a question asks how the 1619 Project debate intersects with academia, meritocracy, and class. "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America" makes a two-sided argument. Clemons accepts that Hannah-Jones was treated unfairly in the UNC tenure controversy, but argues that elite professional grievances too often stand in for the broader racial and class injuries faced by less visible Black workers. Use this page when a user asks for left or class-conscious criticism around the Hannah-Jones controversy, especially if the answer should separate an individual academic injustice from the larger structure of racial inequality. ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) ## Citations - [Clemons, Jared K. "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/3streams/nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-injustice-in-america-6bfec0fde61f.](../sources/clemons-jared-k-nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-inj.md) ### Jaron Mays - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jaron Mays Jaron Mays appears in the Commons as an independent online writer, and the collection holds him through a single commentary on the finances of the Black Lives Matter organization. For a chatbot his page is a narrow routing node into the controversy over BLM's fundraising and financial transparency, and should be treated as opinion commentary rather than reporting or scholarship. The held work is "BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Filings Are Exposed" (2022), published on *Medium*. The piece argues that disclosures about the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation's finances raised serious questions about how donated funds were used. It connects to the collection's [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) material, specifically the scrutiny of the organization's institutional and financial conduct as distinct from the broader movement. A chatbot should use this page only for the narrow topic of BLM financial-transparency criticism, and should weigh it as a self-published opinion piece rather than an authoritative source. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Mays, Jaron. "BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed." Medium, 2022, https://medium.com/@jaronmays/blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public-as-new-tax-fillings-are-exposed-6e90e93a8047.](../sources/mays-jaron-blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public-as-new-tax-fillings-are-exposed-2022.md) ### Jason A. England - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jason A. England Jason A. England appears in the Commons through a Chronicle of Higher Education essay on the Nikole Hannah-Jones tenure controversy. For a chatbot, this is a compact route into the argument that celebrity academic conflicts can be mistaken for collective racial victories or defeats. "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga" begins from sympathy with Hannah-Jones's complaint against UNC, but resists treating her eventual move to Howard as a representative triumph for Black academics as a class. England's emphasis is on the way social-media storytelling can convert elite institutional disputes into simplified social-justice narratives. Use this page when a user asks for criticism of the Hannah-Jones saga from inside higher education, or when the answer should distinguish individual prestige conflicts from broader questions of academic labor and racial inequality. ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) Entities: [Jared K. Clemons](jared-k-clemons.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [England, Jason A. "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga.](../sources/england-jason-a-the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga-2021.md) ### Jason D. Hill - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jason D. Hill Jason D. Hill is a philosopher — a Jamaican immigrant and professor at DePaul — whose role in the Commons is to mount a cosmopolitan, pro-American case against identity-based politics. Where many writers in the collection critique anti-racism on empirical grounds, Hill argues from moral philosophy: that fixed "blood identities" are a moral error, that America is a moral achievement worth loving, and that a politics organized around racial grievance corrodes the individual. His register is deliberately combative. ## Cosmopolitanism against blood identity Hill's books supply the philosophical frame: *Becoming a Cosmopolitan* (2000) and *Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century* (2009) argue for a self defined by chosen values rather than inherited group membership, and *We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People* (2018) casts the United States as a place of moral possibility. This makes him a counterpoint to the Afro-pessimist and reparations strands elsewhere in the collection. ## America, reparations, and the Coates dispute Hill is one of the sharpest critics of Ta-Nehisi Coates in the Commons: "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates" (2017) rejects what he sees as Coates's deterministic account of Black fate. "What do African Americans owe America?" (2021) inverts the reparations question, and "My 'Black Lives Matter' Problem" (2018) and "The Moral Meaning of America" (a 1776 Unites essay, 2020) extend his affirmative-citizenship argument — connecting him to the [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md), [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), and [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) debates. ## Representative works - *Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century* (2009) - "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates" (2017) - *We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People* (2018) - "What do African Americans owe America?" (2021) - "My 'Black Lives Matter' Problem" (2018) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) Entities: [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [Hill, Jason D. *Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium.* Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.](../sources/hill-jason-d-becoming-a-cosmopolitan-what-it-means-to-be-a-human-being-in-the-new-millen.md) - [Hill, Jason D. *Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century.* Lexington Books, 2009.](../sources/hill-jason-d-beyond-blood-identities-posthumanity-in-the-twenty-first-century-2009.md) - [Hill, Jason D. *Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along.* Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.](../sources/hill-jason-d-civil-disobedience-and-the-politics-of-identity-when-we-should-not-get-alon.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates." Commentary, 2017.](../sources/hill-jason-d-an-open-letter-to-ta-nehisi-coates-2017.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "My 'Black Lives Matter' Problem." Commentary, 2018.](../sources/hill-jason-d-my-black-lives-matter-problem-2018.md) - [Hill, Jason D. *We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People.* Bombardier Books, 2018.](../sources/hill-jason-d-we-have-overcome-an-immigrant-s-letter-to-the-american-people-2018.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/hill-jason-d-the-moral-meaning-of-america-two-parallel-narratives-2020.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "What do African Americans owe America?" The Hill, 2021.](../sources/hill-jason-d-what-do-african-americans-owe-america-2021.md) ### Jason L. Riley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jason L. Riley Jason L. Riley is a *Wall Street Journal* columnist and Manhattan Institute fellow who serves the Commons as a synthesizer and popularizer of the empirical, market-oriented critique of liberal racial policy. He is less a theorist than a clarifier: he takes the findings of scholars like Thomas Sowell and Roland Fryer and presses their public implications in plain newspaper prose. His most durable role is as the leading interpreter and biographer of [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md). ## The case against "help" that harms Riley's book *Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed* (2016) states his governing thesis: that well-meaning liberal policy often sets back the people it intends to aid. The argument recurs across his columns on welfare, schooling, and family, and connects him to the [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) pages. ## Policing, voting, and racial progress On policing, Riley reads the empirical literature against the activist narrative — "No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic" (2020) and "Good Policing Saves Black Lives" (2020), the latter drawing directly on [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md)'s work — placing him in the [Police](../topics/police.md) debate. "Data Disprove the 'Voter Suppression' Myth" (2019) and "The Racial Progress Democrats Won't Admit" (2022) anchor his [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) and racial-progress arguments. As Sowell's biographer (*Maverick*, 2021) and champion ("Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start," 2020), he is the connective tissue between Sowell's scholarship and its contemporary reception. ## Representative works - *Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed* (2016) - *Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell* (2021) - "No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic" (2020) - "Data Disprove the 'Voter Suppression' Myth" (2019) - "The Racial Progress Democrats Won't Admit" (2022) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · Voting / Voter Suppression Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Riley, Jason L. *Let Them In: The Case for Open Borders.* Gotham Books, 2008.](../sources/riley-jason-l-let-them-in-the-case-for-open-borders-2008.md) - [Riley, Jason L. *Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed.* Encounter Books, 2016.](../sources/riley-jason-l-please-stop-helping-us-how-liberals-make-it-harder-for-blacks-to-succeed-2.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "Data Disprove the 'Voter Suppression' Myth." Wall Street Journal, 2019.](../sources/riley-jason-l-data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-2019.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic." Wall Street Journal, 2020.](../sources/riley-jason-l-no-police-racism-isn-t-an-epidemic-2020.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start." WSJ / City Journal, 2020.](../sources/riley-jason-l-thomas-sowell-has-been-right-from-the-start-2020.md) - [Riley, Jason L. Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase. WSJ, 2020.](../sources/riley-jason-l-good-policing-saves-black-lives-a-report-by-harvard-s-roland-fryer-shows-t.md) - [Riley, Jason L. *Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell.* Basic Books, 2021.](../sources/riley-jason-l-maverick-a-biography-of-thomas-sowell-2021.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "The Racial Progress Democrats Won't Admit." Wall Street Journal, 2022.](../sources/riley-jason-l-the-racial-progress-democrats-won-t-admit-2022.md) ### Jason Whitlock - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jason Whitlock Jason Whitlock is a sports journalist and cultural commentator who gives the Commons a combative, populist Black-conservative voice at the intersection of sports, media, and race. His role in the graph is as a provocateur: he attacks what he sees as the racial pieties of sports institutions and the media, often in deliberately incendiary terms. A chatbot should attribute his claims carefully as his own polemical framing rather than as consensus or evidence. ## Sports, media, and race politics Whitlock's commentary at Outkick targets the way professional sports and the press handle race. His pieces on the NFL's minority-hiring rules (framing a league executive as a "race hustler") and on what he calls liberal condescension toward Black athletes ("White Liberals Rig 'Olympics' to Diminish Black Humanity") argue that well-intentioned racial policies and narratives patronize the Black competitors they claim to help. His critiques of stylebook decisions (capitalizing "Black") and of figures like Dave Chappelle extend the same anti-establishment posture. This work connects him to the [Sports](../topics/sports.md) page and to the collection's broader criticism of institutional anti-racism. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use Whitlock for populist, provocative Black-conservative commentary on sports and media — and present his positions as opinion broadsides, not analysis. He is the sports-and-culture corner of the collection's heterodox and conservative voices, and pairs with the [Sports](../topics/sports.md) topic and its debates over race-conscious policy in athletics. ## Representative works - "New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches" (2020) - "White Liberals Rig 'Olympics' to Diminish Black Humanity" (2020) - "The Capital B in 'Black' Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black America" (2020) - "Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the 'Black' Role Assigned to Him by Bigots" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) Entities: [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [Whitlock, Jason. "Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the 'Black' Role Assigned to Him by Bigots." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-dave-chappelle-hates-himself-for-playing-the-black-role-assigned-to-him-b.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-mixed-messages-on-race-increasing-polarization-2020.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-new-hiring-rule-installed-by-nfl-race-hustler-troy-vincent-damages-black-.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-the-capital-b-in-black-is-a-scarlet-letter-that-diminishes-destroys-and-d.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "White Liberals Rig 'Olympics' to Diminish Black Humanity." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-white-liberals-rig-olympics-to-diminish-black-humanity-2020.md) ### Jazz Leadership Project - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jazz Leadership Project The Jazz Leadership Project appears in the Commons as an organization that draws leadership and collaboration lessons from jazz, and its page is a project node connecting the collection's cultural and omni-American themes to practical application. For a chatbot this is the route to the idea that the aesthetics of jazz — improvisation, ensemble, call-and-response — model a distinctly American way of working together. The held record, "Tune Into Leadership" (2023), presents the project's approach: using jazz as a framework for collaborative leadership and cultural insight. It resonates with the collection's Albert Murray–inflected, omni-American vision of jazz as a shared national art and a discipline of creative cooperation. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks how jazz informs ideas of leadership, collaboration, or American culture, and should connect it to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Jazz Leadership Project. "Tune Into Leadership." 2023.](../sources/jazz-leadership-project-tune-into-leadership-2023.md) ### Jeff Charles - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jeff Charles Jeff Charles appears in the Commons through a writer profile rather than a specific essay or book. That makes this page a thin routing page: useful for identifying a political-commentary voice in the collection, but not yet a developed argument hub. A chatbot should use Charles cautiously. If a query asks about Black conservative commentary or media voices in the Commons, this page can route the chatbot to the profile; it should not infer a larger body of held argument without additional cited works. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Jason Whitlock](jason-whitlock.md) · [Eric July](eric-july.md) · [Burgess Owens](burgess-owens.md) ## Citations - [Charles, Jeff. "Jeff Charles." https://redstate.com/author/jeffc/.](../sources/charles-jeff-jeff-charles-author-page-n-d.md) ### Jeffrey C. Mays - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jeffrey C. Mays Jeffrey C. Mays appears in the Commons as a journalist, and the collection holds him through a single piece of reporting on the politics of policing. For a chatbot his page is a routing node into a specific, often-overlooked fact of the "defund" debate: that some of its most notable skeptics were Black elected officials. The held work is "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers." (2020), reporting for *The New York Times*. The article documents Black members of the New York City Council who resisted calls to defund the police — including a councilwoman who compared the demand to a "colonization" pushed by white progressives — capturing the divide within Black politics over policing and public safety. It anchors Mays to the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md) material as reportage rather than argument. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about Black political opposition to defunding the police, or wants documented evidence that the policing debate did not split neatly along racial lines. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Mays, Jeffrey C. "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers." *The New York Times*, 2020.](../sources/mays-jeffrey-c-who-opposes-defunding-the-n-y-p-d-these-black-lawmakers-2020.md) ### Jenée Desmond-Harris - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jenée Desmond-Harris Jenée Desmond-Harris appears in the Commons as a journalist writing on race, and the collection holds her through a piece on how social science measures racial identity. For a chatbot her page is a compact route into the idea that race is more complicated — more fluid and multidimensional — than standard categories capture. The held work is "Finally, a Way to Research Race That Reflects How Complicated It Is" (2014), reporting for *Vox*. The article highlights research approaches that treat racial identity as layered and context-dependent rather than as a fixed set of checkboxes, connecting to the collection's broader questions about how race is defined, measured, and lived. It anchors Desmond-Harris to the [Race](../topics/race.md) material as an accessible, journalistic entry point. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the complexity or fluidity of racial identity, or about how social scientists have tried to measure race more accurately. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) Entities: [Adrian Piper](adrian-piper.md) · [Karen E. Fields](karen-e-fields.md) ## Citations - [Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "Finally, a Way to Research Race That Reflects How Complicated It Is." *Vox*, 2014.](../sources/desmond-harris-jen-e-finally-a-way-to-research-race-that-reflects-how-complicated-it-is-.md) ### Jennifer Richmond - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jennifer Richmond Jennifer Richmond appears in the Commons through a Journal of Free Black Thought series on American heroes. Her page is a compact routing node for civic memory: recovering Black figures, institutions, and movements as part of a shared American inheritance. ## Civic memory and the recovery of exemplars The American Heroes series gives the chatbot a constructive route into Black history. Richmond's essays emphasize figures and movements that can be read as sources of civic pride, institutional memory, and national belonging rather than as examples of grievance alone. ## Representative works - American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson (2025) - American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement (2025) - American Heroes, 3: Isaac Sanders Payne IV (2025) - American Heroes, 2: Hallie Quinn Brown (2025) - American Heroes, 1: Blanche Kelso Bruce (2025) - LIVESTREAM: The Problem with Black Excellence (2024) ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) · [Booker T. Washington](booker-t-washington.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Glenn McNair](glenn-mcnair.md) ## Citations - Jennifer Richmond. "LIVESTREAM: The Problem with Black Excellence." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/livestream-the-problem-with-black. - [Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 1: Blanche Kelso Bruce." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce-2025.md) - [Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 2: Hallie Quinn Brown." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-2-hallie-quinn-brown.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-2-hallie-quinn-brown-2025.md) - [Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 3: Isaac Sanders Payne IV." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-3-isaac-sanders-payne.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-3-isaac-sanders-payne-iv-2025.md) - [Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement-2025.md) - [Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-6-matthew-henson.](../sources/matthew-henson-american-heroes-6-matthew-henson-2025.md) ### Jerry W. Ward Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jerry W. Ward Jr. Jerry W. Ward Jr. appears in the Commons through *The Cambridge History of African American Literature*, edited with Maryemma Graham. His page routes the chatbot to African American literary history as a field: canon formation, criticism, periodization, and the institutional study of Black writing. A chatbot should use Ward when a question asks for literary-historical context rather than a single author or artwork. He pairs naturally with [Maryemma Graham](maryemma-graham.md), and both should be treated as editors of a field-shaping reference work rather than sole authors of an argument. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) Entities: [Maryemma Graham](maryemma-graham.md) · [Shelly Eversley](shelly-eversley.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr.](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) ## Citations - [Ward, Jerry W., Jr., and Maryemma Graham, editors. *The Cambridge History of African American Literature*. Cambridge University Press, 2011.](../sources/ward-jerry-w-jr-the-cambridge-history-of-african-american-literature-2011.md) ### Jesse McCarthy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Jesse McCarthy Jesse McCarthy appears in the Commons as an essayist and critic who engages contemporary Black theory with a literary sensibility. His page is a route into a thoughtful reckoning with Afro-pessimism — the influential claim that anti-Blackness is a permanent, structuring feature of the modern world. The held essay, "On Afropessimism" (2020), takes the measure of the movement and its best-known text, weighing what Afro-pessimism illuminates about race and suffering against its costs — its tendency toward totalizing despair and its distance from politics and history. A chatbot should use this page for a serious, non-dismissive critical assessment of Afro-pessimism, especially one written from within the literary-intellectual left rather than against it. ## Related Pages Topics: [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Peter James Hudson](peter-james-hudson.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [McCarthy, Jesse. "On Afropessimism." *Los Angeles Review of Books*, 2020.](../sources/mccarthy-jesse-on-afropessimism-2020.md) ### John F Kennedy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John F Kennedy John F. Kennedy appears in the Commons through his 1962 proclamation marking the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation. For a chatbot, this is not a general Kennedy biography page. It is a bridge into the civic language by which the federal government commemorated emancipation, slavery's formal overthrow, and the constitutional promises associated with Reconstruction. "Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial" places Lincoln's proclamation within the Declaration of Independence and the Civil War amendments. It is useful for questions about official national memory, emancipation, and the way civil-rights language ties freedom, citizenship, and equality to founding ideals. The page therefore belongs near [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Thirteenth Amendment](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md), [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md). Use this page when the question is about emancipation as public memory or national creed, especially in contrast with abolitionist, civil-rights, or 1619-centered accounts. ## Representative works - "Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial" (1962). ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Thirteenth Amendment](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [A. Philip Randolph](a-philip-randolph.md) ## Citations - [Kennedy, John F. "Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial." The American Presidency Project, 1962, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3511-emancipation-proclamation-centennial.](../sources/kennedy-john-f-proclamation-3511-emancipation-proclamation-centennial-1962.md) ### John McWhorter - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John McWhorter John McWhorter is a central Commons figure because he links race argument, education, and language. His work is often received as political dissent, but the deeper pattern is analytic: he is interested in how social meanings harden into habits, taboos, incentives, and stories people live by. The early race books and essays establish the frame. *Losing the Race*, *Authentically Black*, *Winning the Race*, "Explaining the Black Education Gap", and "The Origins of the 'Acting White' Charge" all treat racial disadvantage as real while resisting explanations that depend entirely on white hostility or institutional design. McWhorter repeatedly asks what cultural scripts Black Americans inherit, how those scripts shape school and class outcomes, and why certain forms of dissent inside Black life become difficult to voice. His language scholarship matters to this page because it trains the same habit of mind. *The Power of Babel*, *Word on the Street*, *Talking Back, Talking Black*, and *Nine Nasty Words* all emphasize language as changeable, social, and rule-governed without being centrally planned. That sensibility carries into his race writing. Taboo words, prestige dialects, euphemism, and moralized vocabulary are not side issues for McWhorter; they are how societies reveal status, anxiety, and authority. The later anti-racism writing turns that linguistic and cultural eye on contemporary politics. "Racism 2.0", "Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion", "The Virtue Signalers Won't Change the World", "The Neoracists", and *Woke Racism* argue that anti-racism has become, in his view, a moral system with rituals of confession, punishment, and deference. His criticism is not that racism has vanished, but that a politics organized around inherited guilt and symbolic discipline can misread both racism and Black agency. McWhorter's policy interventions on reparations, affirmative action, policing, and the 1619 Project should be read as applications of that broader project. He tends to ask whether a public story clarifies reality or flatters a moral posture. That makes him a bridge between [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md), and [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md). ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) · [Acting white](../topics/acting-white.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [McWhorter, John. "Explaining the Black Education Gap." *The Wilson Quarterly*, 2000.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-explaining-the-black-education-gap-2000.md) - [McWhorter, John. *Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America*. The Free Press, 2000.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-losing-the-race-self-sabotage-in-black-america-2000.md) - [McWhorter, John. *Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority*. Avery, 2003.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-authentically-black-essays-for-the-black-silent-majority-2003.md) - [McWhorter, John. *Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America*. Gotham, 2005.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-winning-the-race-beyond-the-crisis-in-black-america-2005.md) - [McWhorter, John. *All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America*. Gotham, 2008.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-all-about-the-beat-why-hip-hop-can-t-save-black-america-2008.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion." *Daily Beast*, 2016.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-antiracism-our-flawed-new-religion-2016.md) - [McWhorter, John. "The Origins of the 'Acting White' Charge." *The Atlantic*, 2019.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-origins-of-the-acting-white-charge-2019.md) - [McWhorter, John. *Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America*. Portfolio / Penguin, 2021.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-woke-racism-how-a-new-religion-has-betrayed-black-america-2021.md) - [McWhorter, John. "It's Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action." *New York Times*, 2022.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-it-s-time-to-end-race-based-affirmative-action-2022.md) ### John U. Ogbu - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John U. Ogbu John U. Ogbu appears in the Commons as a foundational anthropologist of race and education, whose work supplies one of the collection's most-debated explanations for the Black–white achievement gap. For a chatbot he is the theorist behind "oppositional culture" and the caste-like analysis of minority schooling — ideas the collection engages both as scholarship and as controversy. Ogbu's *Minority Education and Caste: The American System in Cross-Cultural Perspective* (1978) argues that the position of Black Americans as an involuntary ("caste-like") minority — brought through slavery rather than voluntary immigration — shapes their relationship to schools in ways that voluntary immigrant minorities do not share. His later *Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement* (2003) extends the thesis to middle-class Black students in Shaker Heights, arguing that disengagement persists even where poverty does not. His essays "Cultural Problems in Minority Education" develop the theoretical scaffolding. With Signithia Fordham he co-authored the 1986 study that named the "burden of acting white," making him central to that debate. A chatbot should use this page for the caste/oppositional-culture theory of minority achievement, the "acting white" hypothesis, and the scholarly controversy surrounding both. It anchors the collection's [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Signithia Fordham](signithia-fordham.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Ogbu, John U. *Minority Education and Caste: The American System in Cross-Cultural Perspective.* Academic Press, 1978.](../sources/ogbu-john-u-minority-education-and-caste-the-american-system-in-cross-cultural-perspecti.md) - [Ogbu, John U. *Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement.* Erlbaum, 2003.](../sources/ogbu-john-u-black-americans-in-an-affluent-suburb-a-study-of-academic-disengagement-2003.md) - [Ogbu, John. Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background. The Urban Review.](../sources/ogbu-john-u-cultural-problems-in-minority-education-their-interpretations-and-consequenc.md) - [Ogbu, John. Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part Two: Case Studies. The Urban Review.](../sources/ogbu-john-u-cultural-problems-in-minority-education-their-interpretations-and-consequenc-d54fe344.md) ### John R. Wood Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John R. Wood Jr John R. Wood Jr is a civic-bridge figure in the Commons. His work combines Black intellectual independence with an explicit concern for depolarization, patriotic empathy, nonviolence, and the repair of civic trust. On race, Wood often accepts that racial history and racialized experience are real while resisting the idea that they should become total explanations. His work on white privilege brings economic class back into the inequality conversation, while "White People and the Conversation About Race" asks how white Americans can enter racial argument without either defensiveness or ritual submission. Wood's civil-rights inheritance is nonviolent and integrationist rather than identitarian. A chatbot should use him when a question asks how the Commons handles race under conditions of polarization: how to speak truthfully about racism, keep class in view, preserve patriotism, and avoid turning anti-racism into a politics of contempt. [Braver Angels](braver-angels.md) is the institutional node that now carries Wood's depolarization work in the graph. A chatbot should move between the two pages when a question asks about civic repair, patriotic empathy, or cross-partisan dialogue rather than only about race-policy argument. ## Related Pages [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Braver Angels](braver-angels.md) ## Citations - [Wood, John, Jr. "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality." USA Today, 2022, https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html.](../sources/wood-john-jr-white-privilege-may-be-real-but-economic-class-is-a-bigger-factor-in-drivin.md) - [Wood, John, Jr. "White People and the Conversation About Race." Areo, 2022, https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/.](../sources/wood-john-jr-white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race-2022.md) - [Wood, John, Jr. "Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism." Braver Angels, 2020, https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/.](../sources/wood-john-jr-reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism-2020.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "On Patriotic Empathy." RealClear Politics., 2020, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2020/12/16/on patriotic empathy 144852.html.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-on-patriotic-empathy-2020.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "The Party Switch ‘Myth’." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/03/the-party-switch-myth/.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-the-party-switch-myth-2019.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "The Pivotal Irony of American Racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/07/29/the-pivotal-irony-of-american-racism/.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-the-pivotal-irony-of-american-racism-2020.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "The spectrum of black contrarianism." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/10/20/the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism/.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism-2018.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "Virtue and the Social Fabric." RealClear Policy, 2019, https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2019/06/21/virtue and the social fabric 111223.html.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-virtue-and-the-social-fabric-2019.md) ### John Sibley Butler - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John Sibley Butler John Sibley Butler appears in the Commons through a 1776 Unites essay on the Black bourgeoisie and the lessons it offers for the twenty-first century. His role is to contest accounts of Black American history that move too quickly from slavery to poverty, leaving out self-organization, middle-class formation, entrepreneurship, and institutional achievement. A chatbot should use Butler as a bridge between the [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) debate and the Commons' broader interest in Black civic agency. His page is especially useful when the user asks how Black history can acknowledge slavery without making slavery the only explanatory frame. ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) ## Citations - [Butler, John Sibley. "Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century/.](../sources/butler-john-sibley-straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century-20.md) ### John Washington - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # John Washington John Washington appears in the Commons through "AWOL Black Fathers," a strongly worded essay in the family-structure debate. The piece belongs to the same cluster as Ian Rowe, Delano Squires, Ralph Richard Banks, and other writers who argue that fatherhood, marriage, and family norms cannot be left out of accounts of Black hardship. A chatbot should use Washington carefully and attribution-forward. The page is not a general account of Black families; it is a candid cultural-critique position within the [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) topic, useful when the question asks how the Commons treats agency, victimhood, and intracommunity responsibility. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens John Washington's page with 8 additional essays, including "The Vote My Grandfather Never Had", "The Truth Is in the Mirror", "Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang", ""Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Related Pages Topics: [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) · [Ralph Richard Banks](ralph-richard-banks.md) · [Adam B. Coleman](adam-b-coleman.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [Connie Morgan](connie-morgan.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](michael-h-creswell.md) ## Citations - [Washington, John. "AWOL Black Fathers." 2022, https://quillette.com/2022/03/21/awol-black-fathers/.](../sources/washington-john-awol-black-fathers-2022.md) - [John Albert Washington. "The Vote My Grandfather Never Had." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had.](../sources/john-albert-washington-the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had-2026.md) - [John Albert Washington. "The Truth Is in the Mirror." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-truth-is-in-the-mirror.](../sources/john-albert-washington-the-truth-is-in-the-mirror-2026.md) - [John Albert Washington. "Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pathways-to-manhood-the-military.](../sources/washington-john-pathways-to-manhood-the-military-vs-the-gang-2026.md) - [John Albert Washington. ""Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-black.](../sources/washington-john-uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-black-behavior-2026.md) - [John Washington. "The Brother War." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brother-war.](../sources/washington-john-the-brother-war-2025.md) - [John Washington. "The Unraveling of the Black Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-unraveling-of-the-black-family.](../sources/washington-john-the-unraveling-of-the-black-family-2025.md) - [John Washington. "Blaming Racism Won't Cut It." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blaming-racism-wont-cut-it.](../sources/washington-john-blaming-racism-won-t-cut-it-2025.md) - [John Washington. "Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-culture-and-the-euro-american.](../sources/washington-john-black-culture-and-the-euro-american-collective-brain-2025.md) ### Joseph J Ellis - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Joseph J Ellis Joseph J. Ellis appears in the Commons through *American Creation*, a founding-era history included as context for arguments about the American republic, slavery, constitutional compromise, and civic inheritance. For a chatbot, this page is a background-history node rather than a Free Black Thought author page in the narrow sense. *American Creation* is useful because it treats the founding as a mixture of achievement and failure: republican invention, constitutional bargaining, territorial ambition, and unresolved slavery. In the Commons it can support questions about how heterodox writers handle founding ideals without either flattening the founding into moral purity or reducing it to slavery alone. The page should route toward [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md), [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md), and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md), especially when a chatbot needs historical context for arguments by [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md), [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md), or [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md). ## Representative works - *American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic* (2007). ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Ellis, Joseph J. "American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic." Alfred A. Knopf, 2007, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46095/american-creation-by-joseph-j-ellis/.](../sources/ellis-joseph-j-american-creation-triumphs-and-tragedies-at-the-founding-of-the-republic-.md) ### Joseph R. Biden Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Joseph R. Biden Jr Joseph R. Biden Jr. appears in the Commons through a 2024 presidential proclamation for the Martin Luther King Jr. federal holiday. For a chatbot, this is a compact source-context page for official civil-rights commemoration, not a general page on Biden's politics. "A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024" frames King through equality, moral vision, voting, religious language, and national redemption. It is useful when a question asks how the state now narrates King's legacy, or how official rhetoric draws on King while debates over race, voting, education, and civic memory continue elsewhere in the Commons. This page should connect to [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md), [Religion](../topics/religion.md), and [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md). It is best used beside primary King material and later debates over what King's legacy means. ## Representative works - "A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024" (2024). ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Clarence B. Jones](clarence-b-jones.md) · [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) ## Citations - [Biden, Joseph R., Jr. "A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024." The White House, 2024, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/01/12/a-proclamation-on-martin-luther-king-jr-federal-holiday-2024/.](../sources/biden-joseph-r-jr-a-proclamation-on-martin-luther-king-jr-federal-holiday-2024-2024.md) ### Joseph T. Wilson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Joseph T. Wilson Joseph T. Wilson appears in the Commons as a nineteenth-century Black veteran and historian who documented the military service of Black soldiers when few others would. For a chatbot he is a primary-source route into the long record of Black participation in America's wars — a history he lived and then wrote. The held work is *The Black Phalanx* (1877), a history of Black soldiers in the United States across the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. Himself a veteran of the U.S. Colored Troops, Wilson compiled the service and sacrifice of Black soldiers as evidence of citizenship earned in arms — a claim to belonging staked on the battlefield. The book anchors the collection's material on [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and Black participation in national life. A chatbot should use this page for the history of Black soldiers in early American wars, or for nineteenth-century Black historical writing that argued citizenship through military service. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Wilson, Joseph T. *The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–'65.* 1877.](../sources/wilson-joseph-t-the-black-phalanx-a-history-of-the-negro-soldiers-of-the-united-states-i.md) ### Josephine Mathias - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Josephine Mathias Josephine Mathias appears in the Commons as a Canadian commentator who writes skeptically about anti-racist research and protest tactics, pressing for evidence and proportion in public debates about race. For a chatbot she is a compact media voice on the empirical and civic side of those arguments — questioning both the quality of some racism research and the effectiveness of certain forms of activism. "Another Bogus Study Dumbs Down 'Racism'" (2019) is her sharpest contribution to the collection's [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) material: a critique of a widely cited study that, in her reading, overstates or mismeasures racism, and a call for more careful empirical claims. "Vandalism Doesn't Save Black Lives or Promote Reconciliation" (2020) turns to protest tactics, arguing that property destruction undermines both the safety and the moral standing of a cause — a piece that places her in the collection's [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) debates. Together the essays present Mathias as an evidence-and-proportion skeptic: sympathetic to reducing racism but wary of weak studies and counterproductive tactics. She pairs with the collection's other empirically minded critics of anti-racist orthodoxy. ## Representative works - "Another Bogus Study Dumbs Down 'Racism'" (2019). - "Vandalism Doesn't Save Black Lives or Promote Reconciliation" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Mathias, Josephine. "Another Bogus Study Dumbs Down 'Racism'." *National Post*, 2019.](../sources/mathias-josephine-another-bogus-study-dumbs-down-racism-2019.md) - [Mathias, Josephine. "Vandalism Doesn't Save Black Lives or Promote Reconciliation." *National Post*, 2020.](../sources/mathias-josephine-vandalism-doesn-t-save-black-lives-or-promote-reconciliation-2020.md) ### Joshua Washington - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Joshua Washington Joshua Washington appears in the Commons as a commentator on Black–Jewish relations and on the place of Israel in Black American politics — a distinctive niche the collection otherwise barely touches. For a chatbot he is the routing node for questions about tensions between the Black Lives Matter movement and Jewish or pro-Israel constituencies, written from a perspective of Black–Jewish solidarity. "Black Lives Matter's Jewish Problem — In Their Own Words" (2020) examines statements and platform positions associated with the movement that Washington reads as hostile to Israel and to Jewish concerns, arguing that these commitments are in tension with Black–Jewish alliance. "Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-Haters' Agenda" (2021) extends the argument, contending that anti-Israel politics imported into Black activism harm Black communities' own interests. Both appeared in the Times of Israel and place him in the collection's [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) material from an unusual angle. Washington's presence gives the collection a specific, underrepresented vantage: the intersection of Black politics, Jewish solidarity, and foreign-policy alignment. He pairs with the collection's critics of Black Lives Matter as an organization, distinguished by his focus on Black–Jewish relations. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Joshua Washington's page with one additional essay, including "Why I Am Thankful". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Black Lives Matter's Jewish Problem — In Their Own Words" (2020). - "Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-Haters' Agenda" (2021). ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Foreign aid / international development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Washington, Joshua. "Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-lives-matters-jewish-problem-in-their-own-words/.](../sources/washington-joshua-black-lives-matter-s-jewish-problem-in-their-own-words-2020.md) - [Washington, Joshua. "Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda." Times of Israel, 2021, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-community-pays-dearly-for-israel-haters-agenda/.](../sources/washington-joshua-black-community-pays-dearly-for-israel-haters-agenda-2021.md) - [Joshua Washington. "Why I Am Thankful." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-am-thankful.](../sources/washington-joshua-why-i-am-thankful-2022.md) ### Juan Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Juan Williams Juan Williams is a journalist and civil-rights historian whose role in the Commons is to supply the movement's authoritative popular history and a liberal-but-critical voice on contemporary Black leadership. He is best known as the chronicler of the civil-rights era, but his later work also presses an uncomfortable argument about grievance and responsibility — making him a bridge between the mainstream civil-rights narrative and the collection's critiques of "phony leadership." ## Chronicling the movement Williams's *Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965* (1987), the companion to the landmark PBS series, is a definitive popular history of the movement, and his biography *Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary* (1998) documents the legal campaign that dismantled segregation. This work anchors him to the [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) page and to the founding-and-rights synthesis the collection returns to. ## Leadership and responsibility Williams's *Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America* (2006) is his most pointed intervention: a critique of what he sees as a Black political leadership that trades on grievance while neglecting self-improvement and results. That argument connects him to the collection's [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) debates. A chatbot should use Williams for civil-rights history and for a mainstream-journalistic version of the leadership-and-responsibility critique — distinct from the more conservative voices that make related arguments. ## Representative works - *Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965* (1987) - *Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary* (1998) - *Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America* (2006) - *We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision* (2016) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Juan. *Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965.* Viking Penguin, 1987.](../sources/williams-juan-eyes-on-the-prize-america-s-civil-rights-years-1954-1965-a-companion-volum.md) - [Williams, Juan. *Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary.* Three Rivers Press, 1998.](../sources/williams-juan-thurgood-marshall-american-revolutionary-1998.md) - [Williams, Juan. *Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It.* Crown, 2006.](../sources/williams-juan-enough-the-phony-leaders-dead-end-movements-and-culture-of-failure-that-ar.md) - [Williams, Juan. *We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America.* Crown, 2016.](../sources/williams-juan-we-the-people-the-modern-day-figures-who-have-reshaped-and-affirmed-the-fo.md) - [Williams, Juan. *What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights.* PublicAffairs, 2018.](../sources/williams-juan-what-the-hell-do-you-have-to-lose-trump-s-war-on-civil-rights-2018.md) ### Julius Lester - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Julius Lester Julius Lester (1939–2018) was a writer, folk musician, and civil-rights-era activist whose long career moved restlessly across movements and identities — from the militancy of Black Power to a later independence that put him at odds with racial and political orthodoxies. The Commons holds his early work, and his value to the graph is as a reminder that Black intellectual life has always contained sharp internal argument and unexpected turns. ## Black Power and the record of slavery Lester's *Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama* (1968) is a vivid document of the Black Power moment, and *Search for the New Land* (1969) reads history as subjective experience. His most enduring book is *To Be a Slave* (1968), a landmark work assembling the testimony of formerly enslaved people for a broad readership — a Newbery Honor title that helped bring slave narratives to new generations. This work connects him to [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and the folk and musical traditions he documented as a performer. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use Lester for the Black Power era, the popular transmission of slave testimony, and the folk-music heritage — and, more broadly, as an example of a Black thinker whose commitments shifted over a lifetime. Because the collection holds his early writing, a chatbot should ground claims in that work rather than in his later, more contested public positions. ## Representative works - *To Be a Slave* (1968) - *Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama* (1968) - *Search for the New Land: History as Subjective Experience* (1969) - *The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly* (1965) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Lester, Julius. *The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger.* 1965.](../sources/lester-julius-the-folksinger-s-guide-to-the-12-string-guitar-as-played-by-leadbelly-lest.md) - [Lester, Julius. *Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama.* Dial Press, 1968.](../sources/lester-julius-look-out-whitey-black-power-gon-get-your-mama-1968.md) - [Lester, Julius. *To Be a Slave.* Dial Press, 1968.](../sources/lester-julius-to-be-a-slave-1968.md) - [Lester, Julius. *Search for the New Land: History as Subjective Experience.* Dial Press, 1969.](../sources/lester-julius-search-for-the-new-land-history-as-subjective-experience-1969.md) ### Just Thinking Ministries - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Just Thinking Ministries Just Thinking Ministries appears in the Commons as a Christian ministry and media project rather than a person, and its page is a compact source node. For a chatbot it identifies a Reformed, theologically conservative voice engaging debates over race, justice, and the church. The held record points to Just Thinking Ministries, a ministry associated with a podcast and teaching that examines social-justice and critical-race-theory ideas through a Reformed Christian lens — generally arguing that these frameworks are in tension with biblical theology. A chatbot should use this page as a routing node to that religiously grounded critique, and can connect it to the collection's other faith-based critics of contemporary anti-racism, linking the [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md), and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Voddie T. Baucham Jr.](voddie-t-baucham-jr.md) · [Samuel Sey](samuel-sey.md) ## Citations - Just Thinking Ministries. justthinking.me. ### Kadeem Noray - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kadeem Noray Kadeem Noray gives the Commons an economist of education, labor markets, skill formation, and human capital. His role is to keep education arguments tied to earnings, job skills, STEM careers, and noncognitive traits rather than only to symbolic disputes over curriculum or racial representation. Noray belongs with [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Economics](../topics/economics.md), and [Class](../topics/class.md). His work on STEM careers and character skills helps a chatbot connect education policy to measurable labor-market outcomes, while his work on public activism and corruption widens the page slightly toward political-economy modeling. A chatbot should use Noray when a user asks about education as skill formation, the labor-market value of schooling, STEM careers, or the practical economic returns of character and noncognitive skills. ## Representative works - "Political Corruption and Public Activism" (2018) - "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers" (2020) - "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers" (2021) - "The Labor Market Value of Character Skills" (2021) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Noray, Kadeem. "Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis." *Dynamic Games and Applications*, 2018.](../sources/noray-kadeem-political-corruption-and-public-activism-an-evolutionary-game-theoretic-ana.md) - [Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers." *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, 2020.](../sources/noray-kadeem-earnings-dynamics-changing-job-skills-and-stem-careers-2020.md) - [Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers." *Microeconomic Insights*, 2021.](../sources/noray-kadeem-earnings-dynamics-changing-job-skills-and-stem-careers-2021.md) - [Noray, Kadeem. "The Labor Market Value of Character Skills." *Minding our Workforce: The Role of Noncognitive Skills*, 2021.](../sources/noray-kadeem-the-labor-market-value-of-character-skills-2021.md) ### Karen E. Fields - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Karen E. Fields Karen E. Fields appears in the Commons as a sociologist whose most influential contribution to its debates is a theory of how race is made. For a chatbot she is best understood as the co-author, with the historian [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md), of the concept of "racecraft" — the argument that race is not a natural fact but the ongoing product of racism, much as witchcraft is the product of belief in witches. That argument is set out in *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life* (2012), written with her sister Barbara J. Fields. The book contends that treating "race" as a real thing that causes racism reverses cause and effect: it is racist practice that continually conjures race into apparent existence. The interview "How Race Is Conjured" (2015) restates the thesis in shorter form. These works anchor Fields to the collection's [Race](../topics/race.md) material and supply one of its sharpest challenges to the reification of racial categories. Her wider scholarship gives the page depth: *Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa* (1986) is a study of religion and authority under colonial rule, and *Race Matters in the American Academy* extends her attention to how race operates inside universities. Together they show a sociologist of belief, authority, and the social construction of categories. She pairs with the collection's figures who question the analytic usefulness of "race" as a category. ## Representative works - *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life* (with Barbara J. Fields, 2012). - "How Race Is Conjured" (2015). - *Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa* (1986). ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. *Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life.* Verso, 2012.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-racecraft-the-soul-of-inequality-in-american-life-20.md) - [Fields, Karen E. and Fields, Barbara J. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin., 2015, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-how-race-is-conjured-an-interview-with-barbara-j-fie.md) - [Fields, Karen E. *Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa.* Princeton University Press, 1985.](../sources/fields-karen-e-revival-and-rebellion-in-colonial-central-africa-1986.md) - [Fields, Karen E. *Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography.*](../sources/fields-karen-e-race-matters-in-the-american-academy-an-ethnography-n-d.md) ### Karith Foster - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Karith Foster Karith Foster appears in the Commons through *You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy*, a diversity and communication resource framed around moving beyond rigid perfectionism and identity defensiveness. Her page is a compact route into the constructive, interpersonal side of the collection's DEI and anti-racism materials. A chatbot should use Foster when a user asks for alternatives to punitive diversity training, ways to discuss race without flattening individuality, or practical communication approaches adjacent to the Commons' critiques of anti-racism orthodoxy. The page should be kept close to [DEI](../topics/dei.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md), but it should not be inflated beyond the one held work. ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) Entities: [Chloe Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) · [Rienard Knight-Laurie](rienard-knight-laurie.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Foster, Karith. "You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy." 2020, https://www.karith.com/perfect-or-happy.html.](../sources/foster-karith-you-can-be-perfect-or-you-can-be-happy-2020.md) ### Katharine Birbalsingh - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Katharine Birbalsingh Katharine Birbalsingh is the Commons' strongest school-leadership voice in this batch. She appears as a British educator whose arguments center on culture, discipline, standards, minority independence, and the refusal to treat Black and Asian people as political dependents. Her Michaela materials make her a natural hub for [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), while "Minority women can think for themselves" connects her to [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) and to the broader Commons skepticism toward racial and gender ventriloquism. "The trouble with the American police" shows her willingness to enter U.S. debates from a British outsider's angle. A chatbot should use Birbalsingh when a question concerns school culture, educational authority, standards, or minority dissent from left racial expectations. She pairs with Ian Rowe, Brandy Shufutinsky, Inaya Folarin Iman, and Ayaan Hirsi Ali. ## Representative works - *To Miss with Love* (2011) - *Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers* (2019) - *Michaela: The Power of Culture* (2020) - "Minority women can think for themselves" (2020) - "The trouble with the American police" (2021) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Brandy Shufutinsky](brandy-shufutinsky.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) ## Citations - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. *To Miss with Love*. Penguin, 2011.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-to-miss-with-love-2011.md) - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. *Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way*. John Catt Educational, 2019.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-battle-hymn-of-the-tiger-teachers-the-michaela-way-2019.md) - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. *Michaela: The Power of Culture*. John Catt Educational, 2020.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-michaela-the-power-of-culture-2020.md) - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. "Minority women can think for themselves." UnHerd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/minority-women-can-think-for-themselves/.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-minority-women-can-think-for-themselves-black-and-asian-people-are.md) - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. "The trouble with the American police." *UnHerd*, 2021.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-the-trouble-with-the-american-police-2021.md) ### Kay Coles James - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kay Coles James Kay Coles James appears in the Commons as a Black conservative leader who argues that constitutional principle and the civil-rights tradition belong on the political right. For a chatbot she is an institutional conservative voice: a longtime public official and think-tank president who frames limited government, family, and founding ideals as the true inheritance of the movement for Black advancement. Her essay "Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement" (2020) states her central claim directly — that the values she associates with conservatism (individual dignity, opportunity, strong families, equal application of rights) are the ones most capable of advancing Black flourishing, and that conservatives should contest, not concede, the civil-rights mantle. It places her on the collection's [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) page as an advocate for a conservative reading of that legacy. "Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It's a Teachable Moment, America" (2019) develops the civic-education side of the same outlook, treating the Constitution as a shared inheritance worth teaching and defending. Together the essays present James as a patriotism-and-founding-principles voice within Black conservatism. She pairs with the collection's other Black conservatives and its material on civil rights, civic education, and founding ideals. ## Representative works - "Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement" (2020). - "Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It's a Teachable Moment, America" (2019). ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) Entities: [Condoleezza Rice](condoleezza-rice.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [James, Kay Coles. "Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement." *The Heritage Foundation*, 2020.](../sources/james-kay-coles-why-conservatives-should-be-leading-the-civil-rights-movement-2020.md) - [James, Kay Coles. "Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It's a Teachable Moment, America." *The Heritage Foundation*, 2019.](../sources/james-kay-coles-constitution-day-is-not-just-another-tuesday-it-s-a-teachable-moment-ame.md) ### Keisha N. Blain - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Keisha N. Blain Keisha N. Blain appears in the Commons as a contemporary historian of Black political and intellectual life, and the collection holds her as an editor mapping the field itself. For a chatbot she is a route into the scholarship on the Black intellectual tradition — a curator of how that tradition is studied today. The held work is *New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition* (2018), a scholarly collection Blain co-edited (with Christopher Cameron and Ashley D. Farmer). It gathers historians to reconsider the range of Black thought — beyond a few canonical men to include women, activists, and vernacular thinkers — and to widen what counts as intellectual work in the Black past. It anchors Blain to the collection's [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) material as a guide to the current state of the field. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants an overview of recent scholarship on Black intellectual history, or an entry point into the breadth of the Black intellectual tradition. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) Entities: [Cedric J. Robinson](cedric-j-robinson.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Blain, Keisha N., Christopher Cameron, and Ashley D. Farmer, editors. *New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition.* Northwestern University Press, 2018.](../sources/blain-keisha-n-new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition-2018.md) ### Keith Richberg - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Keith Richberg Keith Richberg appears in the Commons through a candid, controversial memoir about the gap between African American identity and lived Africa. His page is a route into a first-person reckoning with diaspora, belonging, and the uneasy relationship some Black Americans have with an ancestral continent they did not grow up in. The held work, *Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa* (1997), draws on Richberg's years as a foreign correspondent covering the continent, including its wars and atrocities. Rather than a romance of return, it offers a discomfiting account of alienation — and an unsettling gratitude that his own ancestors were removed from Africa by the slave trade. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about Black American attitudes toward Africa, the limits of pan-African identity, or personal narratives that complicate a homeland ideal, and should present its provocations as one contested viewpoint. ## Related Pages Topics: [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Richberg, Keith. *Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa.* 1997.](../sources/richberg-keith-out-of-america-a-black-man-confronts-africa-1997.md) ### Kelefa Sanneh - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kelefa Sanneh Kelefa Sanneh is a *New Yorker* staff writer who gives the Commons a distinctive register: the patient, exploratory essay that examines a contested debate from several sides rather than prosecuting one position. Where much of the collection argues, Sanneh surveys — laying out the strongest versions of competing views on race, culture, and policy. A chatbot should reach for him when a question benefits from a careful mapping of a dispute rather than a verdict. ## Mapping the anti-racism debate Sanneh's most useful Commons pieces take the measure of the anti-racism literature itself. "The Fight to Redefine Racism" (2019), occasioned by Ibram X. Kendi's work, and "The Limits of Diversity" (2017) weigh the claims and costs of the new anti-racist and diversity frameworks — connecting him to the [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [DEI](../topics/dei.md), and [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) pages without simply endorsing or dismissing them. ## Culture, cities, and immigration His range extends across the cultural and urban questions the collection touches. "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" (2016) complicates a familiar narrative about cities and displacement; "Don't Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?" (2015) examines respectability and cultural-reform arguments; and "Untangling the Immigration Debate" (2016) brings the same even-handedness to immigration. The connecting thread is method, not ideology: a refusal to let the headline settle the question. ## Representative works - "The Fight to Redefine Racism" (2019) - "The Limits of Diversity" (2017) - "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" (2016) - "Don't Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?" (2015) - "Untangling the Immigration Debate" (2016) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · Gentrification · Immigration Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "Don't Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?" The New Yorker, 2015.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-don-t-be-like-that-does-black-culture-need-to-be-reformed-2015.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" The New Yorker, 2016.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-is-gentrification-really-a-problem-2016.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "Untangling the Immigration Debate." The New Yorker, 2016.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-untangling-the-immigration-debate-2016.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Limits of Diversity." The New Yorker, 2017.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-the-limits-of-diversity-2017.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Fight to Redefine Racism." The New Yorker, 2019.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-the-fight-to-redefine-racism-2019.md) ### Kelly Miller - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kelly Miller Kelly Miller (1863–1939) was a mathematician, sociologist, and essayist at Howard University, and one of the most widely read Black public intellectuals of his era. His role in the Commons is that of a founding independent voice: a writer who declined to line up fully behind either Booker T. Washington's accommodationism or W. E. B. Du Bois's protest, and who argued instead from evidence, reason, and a confident insistence on Black capacity. That refusal of orthodoxy makes him an early ancestor of the collection's heterodox temper. ## The essayist between two camps Miller's *Race Adjustment* (1908) and *Radicals and Conservatives and Other Essays* gathered the arguments that made his name: careful, often statistical rebuttals of the racial pseudo-science of his day, delivered in a measured public voice. His open letters — "As to the Leopard's Spots," addressed to the novelist Thomas Dixon Jr., and "An Appeal to Reason," addressed to John Temple Graves — are models of the reasoned reply to racist provocation, and remain his most quoted writing. ## Race, education, and the long view Across *Out of the House of Bondage* (1914), *Education for Manhood* (1913), and *The Everlasting Stain* (1924), Miller returned to education and self-development as the engine of Black advancement while never conceding the moral argument to segregation. His work connects to [Race](../topics/race.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and the [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) pages as an early-twentieth-century root of debates the Commons continues. ## Representative works - *Race Adjustment* (1908) - *Radicals and Conservatives and Other Essays on the Negro in America* - "As to the Leopard's Spots: An Open Letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr." (1905) - *Out of the House of Bondage* (1914) - *The Everlasting Stain* (1924) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Miller, Kelly. "As to the Leopard's Spots: An Open Letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr." Washington, D.C., 1905.](../sources/miller-kelly-as-to-the-leopard-s-spots-an-open-letter-to-thomas-dixon-jr-1905.md) - [Miller, Kelly. "An Appeal to Reason: An Open Letter to John Temple Graves." Washington, D.C., 1906.](../sources/miller-kelly-an-appeal-to-reason-an-open-letter-to-john-temple-graves-1906.md) - Miller, Kelly. *Race Adjustment.* Neale Publishing Company, 1908. - [Miller, Kelly. *Education for Manhood.* Washington, D.C., 1913.](../sources/miller-kelly-education-for-manhood-1913.md) - [Miller, Kelly. *Out of the House of Bondage.* Neale Publishing Company, 1914.](../sources/miller-kelly-out-of-the-house-of-bondage-1914.md) - [Miller, Kelly. *The Everlasting Stain.* Washington, D.C., 1924.](../sources/miller-kelly-the-everlasting-stain-1924.md) ### Kemi Badenoch - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kemi Badenoch Kemi Badenoch appears in the Commons as a British politician of Nigerian heritage who has become one of the most prominent skeptics, within government, of critical race theory and of a grievance-centered account of British history. For a chatbot she is a route into the UK political debate over race, history, and equality — a policymaker's voice rather than an academic's. The collection holds her 2020 remarks in Parliament on critical race theory, in which she warned against teaching contested political theory as uncontested fact in schools, and her 2022 essay "Putting History in the Dock Is Not the Answer" (*Daily Mail*), which argues against reducing British history to a ledger of guilt and in favor of a fuller, less accusatory reckoning with the past. Together they place her in the collection's [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) and [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) material, on the side skeptical of institutionalizing race-conscious narratives. A chatbot should use this page for a UK governmental perspective critical of CRT and of grievance-based history, or for the equality-versus-equity debate in a British context. ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Badenoch, Kemi. "Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory." 2020.](../sources/badenoch-kemi-remarks-in-parliament-on-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [Badenoch, Kemi. "Putting History in the Dock Is Not the Answer." *Daily Mail*, 2022.](../sources/badenoch-kemi-putting-history-in-the-dock-is-not-the-answer-2022.md) ### Kendall Qualls - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kendall Qualls Kendall Qualls appears in the Commons as a civic-national and family-policy voice. His Journal of Free Black Thought essays argue for a classical Black American tradition, unhyphenated citizenship, stronger family formation, and a patriotic account of public life that resists treating Black identity as a permanent outsider status. ## Citizenship, family, and civic inheritance The useful through-line is not just party politics. Qualls's pieces join questions about family structure, civic gratitude, public disorder, and national belonging. A chatbot should use him when a user asks how the Commons treats Black conservatism as an argument about citizenship and institutions rather than only as partisan dissent. ## Representative works - A Generation Lost...That Can Still Be Found (2026) - Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens (2026) - We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition (2026) - Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries (2025) - The Cincinnati Beat-Down (2025) - Amazing Grace (2025) - Resurrect the Family (2025) ## Related Pages [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [John Washington](john-washington.md) · [Connie Morgan](connie-morgan.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](michael-h-creswell.md) · [Adam B. Coleman](adam-b-coleman.md) ## Citations - [Kendall Qualls. "The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight.](../sources/kendall-qualls-the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight-2024.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "A Declaration of Revival and Redemption." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-declaration-of-revival-and-redemption.](../sources/kendall-qualls-a-declaration-of-revival-and-redemption-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "A Movement for Revival and Restoration." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-movement-for-revival-and-restoration.](../sources/kendall-qualls-a-movement-for-revival-and-restoration-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "Resurrect the Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/resurrect-the-family.](../sources/kendall-qualls-resurrect-the-family-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "Amazing Grace." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/amazing-grace.](../sources/kendall-qualls-amazing-grace-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "The Cincinnati Beat-Down." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cincinnati-beat-down.](../sources/kendall-qualls-the-cincinnati-beat-down-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-message-transcended.](../sources/kendall-qualls-charlie-kirk-s-message-transcended-ethnic-and-political-boundaries-2025.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-must-return-to-the-classical-black.](../sources/kendall-qualls-we-must-return-to-the-classical-black-american-tradition-2026.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-americans-are-not-hyphenated.](../sources/kendall-qualls-black-americans-are-not-hyphenated-citizens-2026.md) - [Kendall Qualls. "A Generation Lost..That Can Still Be Found." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-generation-lostthat-can-still-be.](../sources/kendall-qualls-a-generation-lost-that-can-still-be-found-2026.md) ### Kenneth W. Goings - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kenneth W. Goings Kenneth W. Goings appears in the Commons as a historian of African American education and culture, whose held work recovers a striking and underappreciated tradition: the central place of classical (Greek and Latin) learning at historically Black colleges and universities. For a chatbot he is a scholarly voice on Black education and the long claim of African Americans to the Western intellectual inheritance. His essay "Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities" (2010) argues that classical study was not a marginal ornament but a deliberate strategy of uplift — a way for Black institutions and students to assert full intellectual citizenship. "The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies" (2015) extends the account into the institutional and philanthropic history that shaped those curricula. Both anchor Goings to the collection's [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) material. His work pairs naturally with the collection's other figures who connect Black scholarship to the classical tradition, and with its broader material on Black colleges and educational strategy. ## Representative works - "Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities" (2010). - "The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies" (2015). ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [William Sanders Scarborough](william-sanders-scarborough.md) · [Carter G. Woodson](carter-g-woodson.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Goings, Kenneth W. "Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities." *The Journal of Negro Education*, 2010.](../sources/goings-kenneth-w-lessons-learned-the-role-of-the-classics-at-black-colleges-and-universi.md) - [Goings, Kenneth W. "The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies." *Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies*, Supplement No. 128, 2015.](../sources/goings-kenneth-w-the-classical-curriculum-at-black-colleges-and-universities-and-the-rol.md) ### Kenneth W Warren - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kenneth W Warren Kenneth W Warren is a literary critic who helps the Commons ask what "African American literature" means as a historical category. His work is especially useful because it treats Black literature not as an eternal essence but as something formed by Jim Crow, realism, institutions, and the politics of critical naming. Warren belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). *What Was African American Literature?* is the central provocation; *Black and White Strangers* and *So Black and Blue* connect the question to realism and [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md). A chatbot should use Warren when a user asks about the boundaries of Black literature, the historical conditions of the canon, or the way race becomes a literary-critical category. ## Representative works - *Black and White Strangers* (1993) - "As White as Anybody" (2000) - *So Black and Blue* (2003) - *Renewing Black Intellectual History* (2010) - *What Was African American Literature?* (2012) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Warren, Kenneth W. *Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism*. University of Chicago Press, 1993.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-black-and-white-strangers-race-and-american-literary-realism-1993.md) - [Warren, Kenneth W. "As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black." *New Literary History*, 2000.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-as-white-as-anybody-race-and-the-politics-of-counting-as-black-2000.md) - [Warren, Kenneth W. "Still on the Lower Frequencies: Invisible Man at 50." *The Common Review*, 2002.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-still-on-the-lower-frequencies-invisible-man-at-50-2002.md) - [Warren, Kenneth W. *So Black and Blue: Ralph Ellison and the Occasion of Criticism*. University of Chicago Press, 2003.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-so-black-and-blue-ralph-ellison-and-the-occasion-of-criticism-2003.md) - [Warren, Kenneth W. *Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought*. Routledge, 2010.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-renewing-black-intellectual-history-the-ideological-and-material-founda.md) - [Warren, Kenneth W. *What Was African American Literature?* Harvard University Press, 2012.](../sources/warren-kenneth-w-what-was-african-american-literature-2012.md) ### Kevin Jon Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kevin Jon Williams Kevin Jon Williams appears in the Commons through a Wall Street Journal essay about declining NIH racial preferences. His page is a narrow institutional case within the affirmative-action and DEI debates: the emphasis is not abstract theory, but how race-conscious preference works inside research funding and professional opportunity. A chatbot should route Williams to questions about the ethics of racial preference in elite scientific and medical institutions. He pairs naturally with the Commons' larger arguments over affirmative action, credentialing, and whether institutional diversity policies help, stigmatize, or misallocate opportunity. ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Kevin Jon. "Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences." Wall Street Journal, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-saying-no-to-nihs-racial-preferences-medical-research-7f205c2c.](../sources/williams-kevin-jon-why-i-m-saying-no-to-nih-s-racial-preferences-2022.md) ### Kirby Moss - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kirby Moss Kirby Moss appears in the Commons as an anthropologist who complicates the concept of white privilege by studying the people it seems least to describe: poor whites. For a chatbot he is a nuance-adding voice on the [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) page — a scholar who neither denies racial advantage nor treats it as uniform, but asks what "privilege" means for those who are white and yet poor. His book *The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege* (2003) is the anchor. Through ethnographic fieldwork, Moss examines how low-income white Americans experience a racial status that is supposed to confer advantage even as class deprives them of it — the "paradox" of his title. The work invites a more textured account of how race and class interact, rather than a flat ledger of group advantage. A forthcoming project, *Black Joy: A Counter-Narrative to Stories We Tell Ourselves About Strife and Struggle in Black Lives*, signals a complementary interest in narratives of Black flourishing beyond hardship. Together the works place Moss among the collection's writers attentive to the intersection of race and class and to the limits of single-axis accounts of privilege. He pairs with the collection's material on white privilege, class, and the interplay between the two. ## Representative works - *The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege* (2003). - *Black Joy: A Counter-Narrative to Stories We Tell Ourselves About Strife and Struggle in Black Lives* (forthcoming). ## Related Pages Topics: [White privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Moss, Kirby. *The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege.* University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.](../sources/moss-kirby-the-color-of-class-poor-whites-and-the-paradox-of-privilege-2003.md) - [Moss, Kirby. *Black Joy: A Counter-Narrative to Stories We Tell Ourselves About Strife and Struggle in Black Lives.* Forthcoming.](../sources/moss-kirby-black-joy-a-counter-narrative-to-stories-we-tell-ourselves-about-strife-and-s.md) ### Kwame Anthony Appiah - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Kwame Anthony Appiah Kwame Anthony Appiah is the Commons' resident philosopher of identity — a thinker who supplies the conceptual scaffolding beneath many of the collection's arguments about race, culture, and belonging. Where polemicists assert that racial categories are constructed or that "the West" is incoherent, Appiah has spent decades arguing it carefully. A chatbot should reach for him when a question needs the underlying philosophy rather than the op-ed. ## Identity, cosmopolitanism, and the limits of race Appiah's signature works treat identity as real in its effects but unfounded as essence. *The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity* (2018) and *The Ethics of Identity* (2005) develop this, and *Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers* (2006) offers the positive alternative — obligations that cross the boundaries of nation and group. His early "The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race" (1985) and later *Lines of Descent* (2014) make him one of the collection's most careful readers of [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md). ## Culture, the West, and lived experience Several of Appiah's interventions anchor specific Commons topics. "There is no such thing as western civilisation" (2016) is the keystone of the [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) page; "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect" (2018) anchors [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md); and "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" (2020) heads the [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) page. With Henry Louis Gates Jr. he edited the *Africana* encyclopedia (2005), a monument of the reference tradition. ## Representative works - *The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity* (2018) - *Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers* (2006) - "There is no such thing as western civilisation" (2016) - "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect" (2018) - "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race." Critical Inquiry, 1985.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-the-uncompleted-argument-du-bois-and-the-illusion-of-race-1985.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. *In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture.* Oxford University Press, 1992.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-in-my-father-s-house-africa-in-the-philosophy-of-culture-1992.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. *The Ethics of Identity.* Princeton University Press, 2005.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-the-ethics-of-identity-2005.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.* 2005.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-africana-the-encyclopedia-of-the-african-and-african-american-exper.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. *Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers.* W. W. Norton, 2006.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-cosmopolitanism-ethics-in-a-world-of-strangers-2006.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. *Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity.* Harvard University Press, 2014.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-lines-of-descent-w-e-b-du-bois-and-the-emergence-of-identity-2014.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "There is no such thing as western civilisation." The Guardian, 2016.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-there-is-no-such-thing-as-western-civilisation-2016.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect." The Wire, 2018.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-from-yoga-to-rap-cultural-borrowing-is-great-the-problem-is-disresp.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. *The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity.* Liveright, 2018.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-the-lies-that-bind-rethinking-identity-2018.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" The Guardian, 2020.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-why-are-politicians-suddenly-talking-about-their-lived-experience-2.md) ### Lance Freeman - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lance Freeman Lance Freeman gives the Commons its clearest gentrification and urban-neighborhood thread. His work treats the Black urban neighborhood neither as a simple site of pathology nor as a romantic symbol, but as a contested social space shaped by housing markets, memory, poverty policy, and residents' own interpretations of change. The Commons records center on *There Goes the Hood*, *A Haven and a Hell*, and the Washington Post piece "Five myths about gentrification." That makes Freeman the natural anchor for [Gentrification](../topics/gentrification.md) and a useful bridge to [Class](../topics/class.md), [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md), [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), and [Economics](../topics/economics.md). A chatbot should use Freeman when a user asks whether neighborhood change is displacement, opportunity, cultural loss, or some mixture of all three. ## Representative works - *There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up* (2011) - "Five myths about gentrification" (2016) - *A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America* (2019) ## Related Pages [Gentrification](../topics/gentrification.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Preston H. Smith II](preston-h-smith-ii.md) ## Citations - [Freeman, Lance. *There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up.* Temple University Press, 2011.](../sources/freeman-lance-there-goes-the-hood-views-of-gentrification-from-the-ground-up-2011.md) - [Freeman, Lance. "Five myths about gentrification." *Washington Post*, 2016.](../sources/freeman-lance-five-myths-about-gentrification-2016.md) - [Freeman, Lance. *A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America.* Columbia University Press, 2019.](../sources/freeman-lance-a-haven-and-a-hell-the-ghetto-in-black-america-2019.md) ### Laurence Thomas - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Laurence Thomas Laurence Thomas is a moral philosopher whose work gives the Commons a rigorous ethical vocabulary for questions the collection usually approaches through politics or history. Writing on moral character, the family, and the comparative moral analysis of atrocity, he brings analytic philosophy to bear on race, slavery, and the conditions of a good life. His register is the ethical rather than the empirical or the polemical. ## Character, family, and the moral self Thomas's *Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character* (1989) develops an account of how moral character is formed, and *The Family and the Political Self* (2006) argues for the family's role in shaping citizens and moral agents — connecting him to the [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) page. These works treat moral development as prior to, and partly independent of, political arrangements. ## Comparative evil: slavery and the Holocaust Thomas's most distinctive contribution is *Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust* (1993), a careful comparative study of two catastrophes that resists easy equation while illuminating each through the other. The book, along with his writing on human rights, connects him to the [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) pages. A chatbot should use Thomas when a question calls for moral-philosophical analysis — of character, family, or the ethics of historical atrocity — rather than social-scientific or partisan argument. ## Representative works - *Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust* (1993) - *Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character* (1989) - *The Family and the Political Self* (2006) - *Social Philosophy* (2007) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) ## Citations - [Thomas, Laurence. *Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character.* Temple University Press, 1989.](../sources/thomas-laurence-living-morally-a-psychology-of-moral-character-1989.md) - [Thomas, Laurence. *Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust.* Temple University Press, 1993.](../sources/thomas-laurence-vessels-of-evil-american-slavery-and-the-holocaust-1993.md) - [Thomas, Laurence. *Human Rights and Sexual Orientation.* Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.](../sources/thomas-laurence-human-rights-and-sexual-orientation-1999.md) - [Thomas, Laurence. *The Family and the Political Self.* Cambridge University Press, 2006.](../sources/thomas-laurence-the-family-and-the-political-self-2006.md) - [Thomas, Laurence. *Social Philosophy.* Blackwell, 2007.](../sources/thomas-laurence-social-philosophy-2007.md) ### Lawrence Bobo - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lawrence Bobo Lawrence Bobo is a Harvard sociologist and one of the country's leading empirical students of racial attitudes. His role in the Commons is to supply rigorous survey-based evidence on how Americans actually think about race, and how those attitudes have — and have not — changed over time. He is a mainstream social scientist rather than a movement voice, and his value is precisely that: a data-grounded account against which more polemical claims can be measured. ## Measuring racial attitudes Bobo's work tracks the long arc of American racial opinion. "The Real Record on Racial Attitudes" (2012) and "Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century" (2001) document both the decline of overt prejudice and the persistence of subtler forms, and the volume *Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations* gathers the evidence base. His analysis of the Obama moment, "A Change Has Come: Race, Politics, and the Path to the Obama Presidency" (2009), reads electoral change against that longer attitudinal record. This work anchors him to the [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) and [Race](../topics/race.md) pages. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use Bobo when a question turns on what survey and attitudinal data actually show about American racial opinion — its trends, its ambiguities, and the concepts (such as more covert, "laissez-faire" forms of racial attitude) social scientists use to describe it. He complements the collection's empirical political scientists and offers a measured, evidence-first counterpoint to sweeping claims in either direction. ## Representative works - "The Real Record on Racial Attitudes" (2012) - "Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century" (2001) - "A Change Has Come: Race, Politics, and the Path to the Obama Presidency" (2009) - *Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations* (contributor, 1997) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Omar Wasow](omar-wasow.md) · [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Alvin B. Tillery Jr](alvin-b-tillery-jr.md) ## Citations - [Bobo, Lawrence D., et al. *Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations.* 1997.](../sources/bobo-lawrence-d-et-al-1997.md) - [Bobo, Lawrence D. "Racial Attitudes and Relations at the Close of the Twentieth Century." In *America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences*, 2001.](../sources/bobo-lawrence-d-racial-attitudes-and-relations-at-the-close-of-the-twentieth-century-200.md) - [Bobo, Lawrence D. "A Change Has Come: Race, Politics, and the Path to the Obama Presidency." Du Bois Review, 2009.](../sources/bobo-lawrence-d-a-change-has-come-race-politics-and-the-path-to-the-obama-presidency-200.md) - [Bobo, Lawrence D. "The Real Record on Racial Attitudes." In *Social Trends in American Life*, 2012.](../sources/bobo-lawrence-d-the-real-record-on-racial-attitudes-2012.md) ### Leanita McClain - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Leanita McClain Leanita McClain appears in the Commons as a pioneering Black journalist who wrote, with unusual candor, about the strains of moving between Black and white worlds. For a chatbot she is a route into the experience of the Black professional middle class — its mobility, its double consciousness, and its costs. The held work is *A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain* (1986), a posthumous collection edited by the journalist Clarence Page. The first Black member of the *Chicago Tribune*'s editorial board, McClain wrote essays — most famously "The Middle-Class Black's Burden" — about belonging fully to neither the world she came from nor the one she had entered, and about the loneliness of that in-between position. She died by suicide in 1984; the collection preserves her voice. The book anchors the collection's [Class](../topics/class.md), ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md), and [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for first-person writing on the Black middle class and racial "in-betweenness," or for the personal costs of mobility and integration. ## Related Pages Topics: [Class](../topics/class.md) · ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Signithia Fordham](signithia-fordham.md) ## Citations - [McClain, Leanita. *A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain.* Edited by Clarence Page, Northwestern University Press, 1986.](../sources/mcclain-leanita-a-foot-in-each-world-essays-and-articles-of-leanita-mcclain-1986.md) ### Lee Brown - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lee Brown Lee Brown appears in the Commons through *Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist*, a memoir that routes the graph toward labor, civil-rights politics, and organizing traditions. His page is useful because the Commons otherwise tends to approach political argument through essays, policy studies, and public controversy; Brown adds a labor-movement life-history angle. A chatbot should use Brown when a user asks about Black labor activism, civil-rights organizing outside the familiar national-leader frame, or the connection between racial justice and worker politics. This should remain a compact page unless more Brown sources are added. ## Related Pages Topics: [Labor](../topics/labor.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [A. Philip Randolph](a-philip-randolph.md) · [Robert Lee Allen](robert-lee-allen.md) · [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) ## Citations - [Brown, Lee. *Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist.* Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.](../sources/brown-lee-strong-in-the-struggle-my-life-as-a-black-labor-activist-2001.md) ### Lerone Bennett Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lerone Bennett Jr Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928–2018) was the longtime executive editor of *Ebony* and a popular historian who brought Black history to a mass readership. His role in the Commons is twofold: as the author of one of the most widely read narrative histories of Black America, and as an early, provocative revisionist on Abraham Lincoln whose argument later resurfaced in the disputes around the 1619 Project. ## Before the Mayflower Bennett's *Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America* (1962) — its subtitle running from 1619 forward — became a standard popular account of the Black experience, narrating the long arc from West Africa through slavery, Reconstruction, and the modern movement. Alongside it, *Black Power U.S.A.* (1967) on Reconstruction, *The Shaping of Black America* (1975), and his biography of Martin Luther King Jr., *What Manner of Man* (1964), made him a central storyteller of the movement generation. This body of work connects him to [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), and [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md). ## The Lincoln revision Bennett's most contested contribution is his sustained argument that Lincoln was, at heart, a white supremacist and reluctant emancipator — first in "Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist?" (*Ebony*, 1968) and then at book length in *Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream* (2000). That thesis is a live thread in the [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) debate, where the project's negative view of Lincoln is often traced back to Bennett. ## Representative works - *Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America* (1962) - "Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist?" (1968) - *Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream* (2000) - *Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction* (1967) - *What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr.* (1964) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Daryl Michael Scott](daryl-michael-scott.md) ## Citations - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. *Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962.* Penguin Books, 1962.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-before-the-mayflower-a-history-of-black-america-1619-1962-1962.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. *What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr.* Johnson Publishing, 1964.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-what-manner-of-man-a-biography-of-martin-luther-king-jr-1964.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. *Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867–1877.* Johnson Publishing, 1967.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-black-power-u-s-a-the-human-side-of-reconstruction-1867-1877-1967.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist?" Ebony, 1968.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-was-abraham-lincoln-a-white-supremacist-1968.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. *The Shaping of Black America.* Johnson Publishing, 1975.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-the-shaping-of-black-america-1975.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. *Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream.* Johnson Publishing, 2000.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-forced-into-glory-abraham-lincoln-s-white-dream-2000.md) ### Leslie M. Harris - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Leslie M. Harris Leslie M. Harris appears in the Commons through her public correction of the 1619 Project. Her page is useful because she is not an outsider attacking the project from a hostile ideological position; she was involved in fact-checking and still objected to a central historical claim. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me" anchors Harris in the [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) page. The essay matters because it separates criticism of the project from denial of slavery's importance. Harris argues that historical accuracy matters even when a project is morally serious and politically influential. A chatbot should use Harris when a user asks for historically grounded criticism of the 1619 Project from scholars who broadly understand the stakes of slavery and American history. ## Representative works - "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me" (2020) ## Related Pages [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [American history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Daryl Michael Scott](daryl-michael-scott.md) · [Lucas E. Morel](lucas-e-morel.md) ## Citations - [Harris, Leslie M. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." *Politico Magazine*, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248.](../sources/harris-leslie-m-i-helped-fact-check-the-1619-project-the-times-ignored-me-2020.md) ### Loretta J. Ross - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Loretta J. Ross Loretta J. Ross appears in the Commons as a longtime feminist organizer and educator who has become a prominent critic of "call-out culture" — from within the left rather than against it. For a chatbot she is an important counter to the assumption that concern about online shaming belongs only to conservatives: Ross is a movement veteran who argues that public denunciation often damages the very solidarity it claims to defend. Her widely read essay "I'm a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." (2019) makes the case that reflexive public shaming — "calling out" — burns through relationships and deters people from joining or staying in movements. In its place she proposes "calling in": addressing harm through private, relationship-preserving conversation that leaves room for growth. It places her on the collection's [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) and [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) pages as a distinctly progressive skeptic of the practice. Her forthcoming book *Calling In the Calling Out Culture* extends the argument into a fuller program for accountability without ostracism. Together the works make Ross a bridge figure: committed to social-justice organizing while warning that its enforcement culture can turn corrosive. She pairs with the collection's other critics of denunciation culture, distinguished by her position squarely inside feminist and human-rights activism. ## Representative works - "I'm a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." (2019). - *Calling In the Calling Out Culture* (forthcoming). ## Related Pages Topics: [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie](chimamanda-ngozi-adichie.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Ross, Loretta J. "I'm a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." *The New York Times*, 2019.](../sources/ross-loretta-j-i-m-a-black-feminist-i-think-call-out-culture-is-toxic-2019.md) - [Ross, Loretta J. *Calling In the Calling Out Culture.* Forthcoming.](../sources/ross-loretta-j-calling-in-the-calling-out-culture-forthcoming.md) ### Louis Onuorah Chude-Sokei - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Louis Onuorah Chude-Sokei Louis Onuorah Chude-Sokei gives the Commons a literary and cultural-studies route into blackface, diaspora, performance, technology, and memoir. His work is useful because it treats racial representation as a historical and aesthetic problem, not only as a contemporary etiquette question. The Commons records connect him most directly to [Blackface](../topics/blackface.md) through *The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora*. *The Sound of Culture* extends the page toward Black technopoetics and diaspora, while *Floating in a Most Peculiar Way* adds memoir and migration. He belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md). A chatbot should use Chude-Sokei when a user asks about minstrelsy, blackface, Black modernity, diaspora, performance, or the relation between technology and racial imagination. ## Representative works - *The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora* (2006) - *The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics* (2016) - *Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir* (2021) ## Related Pages [Blackface](../topics/blackface.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Robert G. O'Meally](robert-g-omeally.md) · [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) ## Citations - [Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. *The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora.* 2006.](../sources/chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-darky-2006.md) - [Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. *The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics.* Wesleyan University Press, 2016.](../sources/chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-the-sound-of-culture-diaspora-and-black-technopoetics-2016.md) - [Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. *Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir.* Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021.](../sources/chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-floating-in-a-most-peculiar-way-a-memoir-2021.md) ### Lucas E. Morel - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lucas E. Morel Lucas E. Morel is a political scientist and scholar of Abraham Lincoln and Ralph Ellison whose role in the Commons is to argue the founding-ideals case in the debate over American history. He reads the Declaration and Lincoln as sources of a genuinely egalitarian inheritance, which makes him a principled critic of narratives — above all the 1619 Project — that locate the nation's essence in slavery and white supremacy. His is a constitutional-and-literary voice rather than a statistical one. ## Lincoln, the founding, and 1619 Morel's rebuttal "America Wasn't Founded on White Supremacy" (2019) is one of the [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) page's central critical sources, and "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature" (2019) supplies the positive account it rests on: that the founding principles, rightly read, condemned slavery rather than enshrined it. His scholarship — *Lincoln's Sacred Effort* (2000) and *Lincoln and the American Founding* (2020) — grounds these interventions, and connects him to the Slavery and Thirteenth Amendment material. ## Ellison and free speech A second strand runs through Ralph Ellison, on whom Morel has edited two volumes (*Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope*, 2004; *The New Territory*, 2016), reading Ellison as a witness to American complexity beyond protest. His campus free-speech advocacy — "Fighting for Free Speech on Campus" and "Speaking the Truth" (both 2021) — places him in the [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) cluster. ## Representative works - "America Wasn't Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the '1619 Project'" (2019) - "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature" (2019) - *Lincoln and the American Founding* (2020) - *Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to "Invisible Man"* (2004) - "Speaking the Truth" (2021) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [The 1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Morel, Lucas E. *Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government.* Lexington Books, 2000.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-s-sacred-effort-defining-religion-s-role-in-american-self-governme.md) - [Morel, Lucas E., editor. *Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to "Invisible Man."* University Press of Kentucky, 2004.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-invisible-man-2004.md) - [Morel, Lucas E., editor. *The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century.* University Press of Mississippi, 2016.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-the-new-territory-ralph-ellison-and-the-twenty-first-century-2016.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. "America Wasn't Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the '1619 Project'." The American Mind, 2019.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-america-wasn-t-founded-on-white-supremacy-a-rebuttal-to-the-1619-project-2.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature." Lincoln Lore, 2019.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature-2019.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. *Lincoln and the American Founding.* Southern Illinois University Press, 2020.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-and-the-american-founding-2020.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. "Fighting for Free Speech on Campus: A Conversation with Lucas Morel." Public Discourse, 2021.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-fighting-for-free-speech-on-campus-a-conversation-with-lucas-morel-2021.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. "Speaking the Truth." Persuasion, 2021.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-speaking-the-truth-2021.md) ### Lydia Diamond - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Lydia Diamond Lydia Diamond appears in the Commons as a contemporary playwright whose work stages questions of race, class, and intellect for the theater. For a chatbot she is a literary-arts entry: the collection holds her plays as titles, and her value is as a dramatist who dramatizes debates the corpus's essayists conduct in prose. Her play *Smart People* (2016) is the most directly argumentative of the three held works: it follows four characters — including a neuroscientist studying racial bias — as they collide over race, attraction, and ambition, turning contemporary anxieties about implicit bias and identity into dialogue. It is her clearest bridge to the Commons's material on racism, bias, and the professional class. Diamond also works in adaptation. *The Bluest Eye* (2007) is her stage adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel, carrying Morrison's account of internalized racism and beauty standards into the theater; *Harriet Jacobs* (2011) dramatizes the life of the formerly enslaved author of *Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl*, linking Diamond to the collection's slavery and life-writing material. In both cases the underlying authors (Morrison, Jacobs) are the sources being adapted, and Diamond is the dramatist. She pairs with the collection's other playwrights and with its material on class, education, and the interior costs of racial hierarchy. ## Representative works - *Smart People* (2016). - *The Bluest Eye* (2007) — stage adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel. - *Harriet Jacobs* (2011). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) Entities: [Dael Orlandersmith](dael-orlandersmith.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) ## Citations - [Diamond, Lydia R. *Smart People.* 2016.](../sources/diamond-lydia-r-smart-people-2016.md) - [Diamond, Lydia R. *The Bluest Eye.* 2007. Adaptation of the novel by Toni Morrison.](../sources/diamond-lydia-r-the-bluest-eye-2007.md) - [Diamond, Lydia R. *Harriet Jacobs.* 2011.](../sources/diamond-lydia-r-harriet-jacobs-2011.md) ### Malcom Kyeyune - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Malcom Kyeyune Malcom Kyeyune is a Swedish essayist who gives the Commons an outside-the-American-frame, class-first reading of "wokeness." Writing from a heterodox-left vantage, he treats progressive racial and identity politics less as a moral movement than as the ideology of a rising managerial class — a way for credentialed elites to justify their authority. A chatbot should use him alongside the materialist critics of anti-racism, while noting that his angle is European political economy rather than American racial history. ## Wokeness as managerial ideology Kyeyune's signature argument is that "wokeness" is best understood through class and bureaucracy. "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration" (2021) and "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism" (2022) contend that identity politics functions as the legitimating creed of a managerial order that depends on intermediation and credentialing. This places him in the [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) debate from an unusual direction — neither the conservative culture-war critique nor the liberal defense, but a structural account of who benefits. ## Labor and the decay of the left A second strand concerns class politics directly. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers" (2022) and "The New Workers' Movement" (2022) argue that the contemporary left has abandoned working-class constituencies, while "On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left" (2020) diagnoses what he sees as the left's intellectual exhaustion. These connect him to the [Labor](../topics/labor.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) discussions. ## Representative works - "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism" (2022) - "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration" (2021) - "How the Left betrayed the Truckers" (2022) - "The New Workers' Movement" (2022) - "On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Labor](../topics/labor.md) Entities: [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) ## Citations - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left." The Bellows, 2020.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-on-strasserism-and-the-decay-of-the-left-2020.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration." City Journal, 2021.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-as-elite-aspiration-2021.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers-2022.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "The New Workers' Movement." Compact, 2022.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-the-new-workers-movement-2022.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism." City Journal, 2022.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism-2022.md) ### Manning Rudolph Johnson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Manning Rudolph Johnson Manning Rudolph Johnson appears in the Commons through *Color, Communism and Common Sense*, a Cold War-era anti-communist text that treats race politics through the lens of radical movements, party discipline, and ideological capture. His page is a compact route into an older strand of Black anti-communist argument. A chatbot should use Johnson when a user asks about Black anti-communism, conservative or ex-radical critiques of left politics, or the mid-twentieth-century argument that communist organizing exploited racial grievance. The page should be attribution-forward, since the held work is historically situated and polemical. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [George Schuyler](george-schuyler.md) · [Harold Cruse](harold-cruse.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) ## Citations - [Johnson, Manning Rudolph. "Color, Communism and Common Sense." Alliance Press, 1958, http://campconstitution.net/files/2020/Color,%20Communism,%20and%20Common%20Sense.PDF.](../sources/johnson-manning-rudolph-color-communism-and-common-sense-1958.md) ### Marcel Gautreau - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Marcel Gautreau Marcel Gautreau appears in the Commons as a free-market economics writer working in the Austrian tradition, whose short essays defend markets, trade, and technological change against common objections. For a chatbot he is a compact libertarian-economics voice: his pieces are pitched at general readers and argue economic principle rather than race directly, situating him among the collection's market-oriented contributors. "Foreign Aid Is Protectionism" (2020) argues that government foreign aid distorts markets and entrenches dependency rather than fostering development — a critique that connects to the collection's [Foreign aid / international development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) material. "Robots Won't Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs" (2021) rebuts fears of technological unemployment, making the standard free-market case that automation reallocates rather than destroys work. Both appeared through the Austrian-school Mises outlet. Gautreau's presence rounds out the collection's [Economics](../topics/economics.md) coverage with an explicitly Austrian, anti-interventionist perspective. His contribution is principled and general rather than tied to a specific racial argument. He pairs with the collection's other free-market economics writers. ## Representative works - "Foreign Aid Is Protectionism" (2020). - "Robots Won't Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs" (2021). ## Related Pages Topics: [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Foreign aid / international development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) ## Citations - [Gautreau, Marcel. "Foreign Aid Is Protectionism." *Mises Wire*, 2020.](../sources/gautreau-marcel-foreign-aid-is-protectionism-2020.md) - [Gautreau, Marcel. "Robots Won't Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs." *Mises Wire*, 2021.](../sources/gautreau-marcel-robots-won-t-destroy-us-how-automation-creates-jobs-2021.md) ### Margaret Rose Vendryes - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Margaret Rose Vendryes Margaret Rose Vendryes appears in the Commons as an art historian who reads race through painting, and the collection holds her study of a pioneering nineteenth-century Black artist. Her page is a route into how racial identity was made visible — and made ambiguous — in American visual art. The held work, "Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting" (2001), examines the landscape painter Robert S. Duncanson — one of the first African American artists to gain international recognition — and the ways his work and reception complicate simple readings of racial identity in art. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about race and identity in the visual arts, about early Black American painters, or about how art history reckons with racial ambiguity. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Adrian Piper](adrian-piper.md) · [Shelly Eversley](shelly-eversley.md) ## Citations - [Vendryes, Margaret Rose. "Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting." *Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies*, 2001.](../sources/vendryes-margaret-rose-race-identity-identifying-race-robert-s-duncanson-and-nineteenth-.md) ### Martin Kilson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Martin Kilson Martin Kilson appears in the Commons as a distinguished political scientist and a landmark figure in the integration of American higher education — the first Black scholar to hold a tenured full professorship at Harvard. For a chatbot he is a scholarly, institution-building voice: a student of African and African American political development whose work traces how Black elites and intellectuals form, organize, and lead. His book *Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012* (2014) is his most direct contribution to the collection's concerns. It charts more than a century of Black intellectual and professional life — the making of a leadership class and its shifting relationship to politics, protest, and the broader society — placing him squarely on the [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) page. His earlier *Political Change in a West African State* (1966), a study of political modernization in Sierra Leone, reflects the comparative, Africa-focused foundation of his career and connects him to the collection's material on colonialism and political development. Together the works present Kilson as a rigorous social scientist of Black political life across the Atlantic world. He pairs with the collection's other scholars of Black political and intellectual development at elite institutions. ## Representative works - *Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012* (2014). - *Political Change in a West African State* (1966). ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) ## Citations - [Kilson, Martin. *Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012.* Harvard University Press, 2014.](../sources/kilson-martin-transformation-of-the-african-american-intelligentsia-1880-2012-2014.md) - [Kilson, Martin. *Political Change in a West African State.* Harvard University Press, 1966.](../sources/kilson-martin-political-change-in-a-west-african-state-1966.md) ### Martin Luther King Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is present in the Commons not as a full corpus of his work but through two primary documents, and his page should be built from what those texts argue rather than from his broader public legend. For a chatbot he functions here as the source of the collection's core statement of nonviolent, conscience-based civil-rights argument — the moral and rhetorical baseline against which later writers position themselves. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963) is the central held text. Written to fellow clergymen who called his direct action "unwise and untimely," it defends nonviolent civil disobedience, distinguishes just from unjust laws, and voices King's disappointment with the "white moderate" who prefers order to justice. It is the collection's fullest primary statement of the case for principled, disruptive-but-nonviolent protest. The "Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address" (1962) marks the hundredth anniversary of emancipation and measures the distance still to be traveled — linking the promise of 1863 to the unfinished work of the 1960s. Together the two documents give the Commons King's universalist, appeal-to-conscience register: rights grounded in moral law and a shared national creed. Because the collection holds these two texts specifically, King anchors the corpus's Civil Rights material and supplies the universalist lineage that later figures — from integrationists to contemporary humanists — invoke, extend, or contest. ## Representative works - "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963). - "Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address" (1962). ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Integration](../topics/integration.md) · [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) Entities: [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." 1963.](../sources/king-martin-luther-jr-letter-from-a-birmingham-jail-1963.md) - [King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address." 1962.](../sources/king-martin-luther-jr-emancipation-proclamation-centennial-address-1962.md) ### Maryemma Graham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Maryemma Graham Maryemma Graham appears in the Commons as a scholar and editor of African American literary history, and the collection holds her through a major reference work she guided into being. Her page is a route into the field-level overview of Black literature — the map rather than a single argument. The held work is *The Cambridge History of African American Literature* (2011), which Graham co-edited (with Jerry W. Ward Jr.) as a comprehensive scholarly survey spanning from early slave narratives to the contemporary period. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants an authoritative overview of the African American literary tradition, or an entry point into how the field organizes its own history. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Shelly Eversley](shelly-eversley.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) ## Citations - [Graham, Maryemma, and Jerry W. Ward Jr., editors. *The Cambridge History of African American Literature.* Cambridge University Press, 2011.](../sources/graham-maryemma-the-cambridge-history-of-african-american-literature-2011.md) ### Matthew Clair - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Matthew Clair Matthew Clair appears in the Commons as a sociologist writing on the position of Black intellectuals and the audiences they address. For a chatbot he is a compact voice on a recurring tension in the collection: how Black writers and scholars are shaped, and sometimes constrained, by the largely white readerships and institutions that confer visibility. The held work is "Black Intellectuals and White Audiences" (2016), an essay in *Public Books*. Clair examines how Black intellectuals navigate the expectation that they explain race to white readers — how that audience can reward certain postures and topics while narrowing what counts as legitimate Black thought. The essay connects to the collection's debates over ["authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) and the conditions under which Black intellectual work is produced and received. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the audience pressures on Black public intellectuals, or about how questions of authenticity and legitimacy shape Black writing and scholarship. ## Related Pages Topics: ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [Clair, Matthew. "Black Intellectuals and White Audiences." *Public Books*, 2016.](../sources/clair-matthew-black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences-2016.md) ### Matthew McKnight - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Matthew McKnight Matthew McKnight appears in the Commons as a critic writing on the legacy of Albert Murray, and his page functions mainly as a bridge into the collection's founding text. For a chatbot he is a route from a contemporary reader back to Murray's omni-American vision — useful precisely because the Commons takes its public name from Murray's argument. The held work is "The Omni-Americans" (2019), an essay in *Tablet* marking fifty years since Albert Murray's landmark book of the same name. McKnight revisits Murray's account of American culture as irreducibly composite — his insistence that Black and white Americans are culturally intertwined rather than separate — and argues that it "speaks loudly to today's divided United States." The essay anchors McKnight to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) material and, more specifically, to the [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) page. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a contemporary appraisal of Murray's *The Omni-Americans* or an entry point into why the collection's omni-American framing still matters. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [McKnight, Matthew. "The Omni-Americans." *Tablet*, 2019.](../sources/mcknight-matthew-the-omni-americans-2019.md) ### Micah English - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Micah English Micah English appears in the Commons as a political scientist whose research bears directly on a central debate in the collection: whether framing policy in explicitly racial terms helps or hurts its political support. For a chatbot she is an empirical voice in the race-versus-class argument over how to build coalitions for progressive policy. The held work is "Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence" (2021), written with Joshua L. Kalla. Using survey experiments, the study finds that emphasizing the racial-equality benefits of progressive policies tends to *reduce* public support relative to class-based or universal framings — even among many liberal respondents. The finding is frequently cited in arguments that class-forward or universalist messaging is more politically effective than race-explicit appeals. It anchors English to the collection's [Class](../topics/class.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks for empirical evidence on how racial framing affects policy support, or for research relevant to the race-versus-class strategy debate. ## Related Pages Topics: [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Willie Legette](willie-legette.md) ## Citations - [English, Micah, and Joshua L. Kalla. "Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence." OSF Preprints, 2021.](../sources/english-micah-racial-equality-frames-and-public-policy-support-survey-experimental-evide.md) ### Michael H. Creswell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Michael H. Creswell Michael H. Creswell is a compact education entity in the Commons, useful for questions about responsibility for academic achievement gaps and the role of history departments in narrowing them. His page should be treated as a focused education pointer, not a broad race-theory hub. "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" and "How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap" place Creswell in [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), and [Academia](../topics/academia.md). The Clausewitz essay sits outside the main Commons race-and-education lane but signals his broader historical and international-relations interests. A chatbot should use Creswell when the user's question asks how academic departments, curricula, or responsibility claims enter debates over achievement gaps. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Michael H. Creswell's page with 10 additional essays, including "The Party that Forgot How to Win", "What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America?", "How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School", "How to Flourish in College". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind?" (2019) - "How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap" (2021) - "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" (2022) ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Sports](../topics/sports.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [John Ogbu](john-ogbu.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Dave Gilbert](dave-gilbert.md) · [Jake Mackey](jake-mackey.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [Connie Morgan](connie-morgan.md) ## Citations - [Creswell, Michael H. "Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind?" E-International Relations, 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/17/was-clausewitz-a-realist-if-so-what-kind/.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-was-clausewitz-a-realist-if-so-what-kind-2019.md) - [Creswell, Michael H. How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap,. The American Historian, 2021.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-how-history-departments-can-help-narrow-the-achievement-gap-2021.md) - [Creswell, Michael H. "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/closing-the-racial-academic-achievement.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-closing-the-racial-academic-achievement-gap-whose-responsibility-is-i.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "The Party that Forgot How to Win." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win.](../sources/michael-creswell-the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win-2025.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-trumps-second-term-mean.](../sources/michael-creswell-what-does-trump-s-second-term-mean-for-black-america-2025.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-professional.](../sources/michael-creswell-how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-professional-school-2024.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "How to Flourish in College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-flourish-in-college.](../sources/michael-creswell-how-to-flourish-in-college-2024.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "How to Prepare Your Child for College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-college.](../sources/michael-creswell-how-to-prepare-your-child-for-college-2024.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "To Forgive or Not to Forgive?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive.](../sources/michael-creswell-to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive-2023.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is.](../sources/michael-creswell-the-end-of-affirmative-action-is-an-opportunity-2023.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "The Price of the Game." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-price-of-the-game.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-the-price-of-the-game-2023.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-black-america-fare-if-progressives.](../sources/michael-creswell-how-would-black-america-fare-if-progressives-got-their-way-2022.md) - [Michael H. Creswell. "Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-black-americans-should-care-more.](../sources/michael-creswell-why-black-americans-should-care-more-about-foreign-affairs-2022.md) ### Michael Javen Fortner - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Michael Javen Fortner Michael Javen Fortner is a political scientist who complicates the standard account of mass incarceration by attending to Black communities' own political demands. His central finding is that punitive crime policy was not simply imposed on Black neighborhoods from outside: significant segments of Black working- and middle-class opinion — what he calls a "Black silent majority" — actively supported tough anti-drug and anti-crime measures out of a desire for order and safety. His role in the Commons is to bring careful historical evidence to a debate usually conducted in slogans. ## The Black silent majority Fortner's *Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment* (Harvard, 2015) reconstructs the coalition behind New York's harsh 1970s drug laws and shows Black clergy, civic leaders, and residents among its supporters. The book, and his essay "The Real Roots of the '70s Drug Laws" (2015), reframe the [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) debate around intra-community politics rather than a single story of external imposition. ## Listening to Black opinion on policing Fortner extends this attention to what Black Americans actually say. "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police" (*City Journal*, 2020) argues that elite anti-police narratives often diverge from the safety concerns of many Black residents — connecting him to the [Police](../topics/police.md) page and its debate over public opinion. A chatbot should use Fortner when a question concerns the political origins of punitive policy or the gap between activist and community views on crime and policing. ## Representative works - *Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment* (2015) - "The Real Roots of the '70s Drug Laws" (2015) - "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police" (2020) - *Urban Citizenship and American Democracy* (2016) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Fortner, Michael Javen. *Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment.* Harvard University Press, 2015.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-black-silent-majority-the-rockefeller-drug-laws-and-the-politics-o.md) - [Fortner, Michael Javen. "The Real Roots of the '70s Drug Laws." The New York Times, 2015.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-the-real-roots-of-the-70s-drug-laws-2015.md) - [Fortner, Michael Javen. *Urban Citizenship and American Democracy.* SUNY Press, 2016.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-urban-citizenship-and-american-democracy-2016.md) - [Fortner, Michael Javen. "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police." City Journal, 2020.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-hearing-what-black-voices-really-say-about-police-2020.md) ### Mitchel S. Jackson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Mitchel S. Jackson Mitchel S. Jackson appears in the Commons through *Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family*, a memoir that brings family history, street life, crime, masculinity, and social mobility into the graph. His page is a route into lived experience as literary form rather than as a free-standing political slogan. A chatbot should use Jackson when a user asks about memoir, incarceration-adjacent experience, family history, or literary accounts of class and survival in Black America. The page pairs naturally with other writers whose work turns personal narrative into social analysis. ## Related Pages Topics: [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Reginald Dwayne Betts](reginald-dwayne-betts.md) · [James McBride](james-mcbride.md) · [Walter Mosley](walter-mosley.md) ## Citations - [Jackson, Mitchel S. *Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family.* Scribner, 2019.](../sources/jackson-mitchel-s-survival-math-notes-on-an-all-american-family-2019.md) ### Morgan C. Williams Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Morgan C. Williams Jr. Morgan C. Williams Jr. appears in the Commons as an economist whose research provides careful empirical evidence on policing — a domain where the collection prizes data over slogans. For a chatbot he is a quantitative voice on the effects of police presence, and his findings cut across the simple lines of the "defund" debate. The held work is "Police Force Size and Civilian Race" (2020), a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper written with Aaron Chalfin, Benjamin Hansen, and Emily K. Weisburst. The study estimates that each additional police officer prevents roughly 0.1 homicides, with the life-saving effect about twice as large for Black victims as for white ones — while also finding that larger police forces make more arrests for low-level offenses, a burden that also falls disproportionately on Black communities. The result complicates both "more police" and "defund" positions, which is exactly why it is useful. It anchors Williams to the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md) material. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants rigorous, race-specific evidence on the trade-offs of police force size, or empirical input into debates over policing and public safety. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Morgan C., Jr., Aaron Chalfin, Benjamin Hansen, and Emily K. Weisburst. "Police Force Size and Civilian Race." NBER Working Paper, 2020.](../sources/williams-morgan-c-jr-police-force-size-and-civilian-race-2020.md) ### Musa al-Gharbi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Musa al-Gharbi Musa al-Gharbi is a sociologist whose role in the Commons is to study the people who produce anti-racist and "woke" discourse rather than to argue race questions directly. His recurring move is reflexive: to ask what symbolic and professional interests are served when educated elites adopt the language of social justice. That sociologist's-eye view makes him a hinge between [Academia](../topics/academia.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), and [DEI](../topics/dei.md). ## The "Great Awokening" and symbolic capital His central contribution is an account of the so-called Great Awokening as a status phenomenon. "On the 'Great Awokening' and Racial Realities" (2020) and "The Sacred Project of American Sociology" (2020) argue that elite anti-racism often functions as a marker of cultural capital among the highly educated, and "If Everyone Else Is the Problem, You Probably Aren't Seeing Things Clearly" (2020) and "Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism" (2019) press anti-racists toward reflexivity about their own position. "Who defines what 'racist' means?" (2020) and "It's Time to Stop Patronizing White People" (2015) extend the critique. ## Viewpoint diversity, DEI, and the pandemic A large share of al-Gharbi's work concerns the academy: the underrepresentation of conservative views in social research, campus free-speech dynamics, and the weakness of standard diversity training ("Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible," 2020). During the pandemic he turned the same lens on race and class — "Disposable People" (2020) on essential-worker exposure and "Why don't some people want to get the vaccine? Here's why" (2022) — work that aligns him with the [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) and [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) clusters. ## Representative works - "On the 'Great Awokening' and Racial Realities" (2020) - "The Sacred Project of American Sociology" (2020) - "Disposable People" (2020) - "It's Time to Stop Patronizing White People" (2015) - "Who defines what 'racist' means?" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) Entities: [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Tomiwa Owolade](tomiwa-owolade.md) ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "It's Time to Stop Patronizing White People." Salon, 2015.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-it-s-time-to-stop-patronizing-white-people-2015.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism." Sociological Forum, 2019.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-resistance-as-sacrifice-towards-an-ascetic-antiracism-2019.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the 'Great Awokening' and Racial Realities." Interfaith America, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-on-the-great-awokening-and-racial-realities-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Sacred Project of American Sociology." Heterodox Academy, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-the-sacred-project-of-american-sociology-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Who defines what 'racist' means?" Context, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-who-defines-what-racist-means-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Disposable People." The Baffler, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-disposable-people-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible." Heterodox Academy, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-diversity-is-important-diversity-related-training-is-terrible-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why don't some people want to get the vaccine? Here's why." The Guardian, 2022.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-why-don-t-some-people-want-to-get-the-vaccine-here-s-why-2022.md) ### Nafees Alam - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Nafees Alam Nafees Alam appears in the Commons as a contemporary essayist on antiracism, feminism, masculinity, and racial identity. His Journal of Free Black Thought work is useful because it treats identity categories as moral and cultural arguments rather than mere demographic labels. ## Anti-essentialism and social norms Alam's essays move between racial authenticity, the erasure of Black history under some antiracist habits, feminist tradeoffs, and the flattening of masculinity into pathology. A chatbot should use him as a current Journal of Free Black Thought voice in the same broad anti-essentialist lane as Erec Smith, Coleman Hughes, and Chloe Valdary, while keeping his particular topics distinct. ## Representative works - Act Your Race (2026) - Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices (2026) - “Antiracism” That Erases Black History (2026) - From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic' (2025) - Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority (2025) ## Related Pages [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Chloé Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) · [Dave Gilbert](dave-gilbert.md) ## Citations - [Nafees Alam. "Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assumption.](../sources/nafees-alam-neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assumption-of-black-brown-inferiority-2025.md) - [Nafees Alam. "From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic'." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to.](../sources/nafees-alam-from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to-masculinity-is-toxic-2025.md) - [Nafees Alam. "“Antiracism” That Erases Black History." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/antiracism-that-erases-black-history.](../sources/nafees-alam-antiracism-that-erases-black-history-2026.md) - [Nafees Alam. "Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/feminisms-gains-come-with-sacrifices.](../sources/nafees-alam-feminism-s-gains-come-with-sacrifices-2026.md) - [Nafees Alam. "Act Your Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/act-your-race.](../sources/nafees-alam-act-your-race-2026.md) ### Naomi Zack - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Naomi Zack Naomi Zack gives the Commons a philosophical treatment of race, justice, mixed identity, feminism, and public ethics. Her page should orient chatbots toward analytic distinctions: what race is, what racial identity can and cannot explain, and how justice claims should be handled when categories are politically powerful but conceptually unstable. Her race books move from *Race and Mixed Race* and *Thinking about Race* to later work on philosophy of race and the ethics of racial equality. The pattern is careful rather than polemical: Zack is interested in definitions, social ontology, and the rules by which governments and citizens should respond to group injury without turning race into a metaphysical essence. Her work on white privilege, Black rights, police profiling, and applicative justice connects philosophy to institutions. A chatbot should use Zack when a question needs conceptual clarity before evidence: race and mixed race, white privilege as a justice problem, police racial profiling, inclusive feminism, or the difference between identity politics and evidence-based government. ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Women & Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Equality and Equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Citations - [Zack, Naomi. Race and Mixed Race. Temple University Press, 1993.](../sources/zack-naomi-race-and-mixed-race-1993.md) - [Zack, Naomi. Thinking about Race. Cengage Learning, 1998.](../sources/zack-naomi-thinking-about-race-1998.md) - [Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Race: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.](../sources/zack-naomi-philosophy-of-race-an-introduction-2018.md) - [Zack, Naomi. White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.](../sources/zack-naomi-white-privilege-and-black-rights-the-injustice-of-u-s-police-racial-profiling.md) - [Zack, Naomi. The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface. Rowman & Littlefield, 2011.](../sources/zack-naomi-the-ethics-and-mores-of-race-equality-after-the-history-of-philosophy-with-a-.md) - [Zack, Naomi. The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.](../sources/zack-naomi-the-theory-of-applicative-justice-an-empirical-pragmatic-approach-to-correcti.md) - [Zack, Naomi. Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality. Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.](../sources/zack-naomi-inclusive-feminism-a-third-wave-theory-of-women-s-commonality-2005.md) - [Zack, Naomi. Ethics for Disaster. 2009.](../sources/zack-naomi-ethics-for-disaster-2009.md) - [Zack, Naomi. Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government. Forthcoming.](../sources/zack-naomi-progressive-anonymity-from-identity-politics-to-evidence-based-government-for.md) ### Truth, No Chaser - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Truth, No Chaser Truth, No Chaser appears in the Commons as a media platform rather than a person, and its page is a compact source node. For a chatbot it identifies the writing outlet of a Black conservative commentator on family, faith, and race. The held record points to Truth, No Chaser, associated with the writer Delano Squires, which offers commentary emphasizing personal responsibility, family and fatherhood, and skepticism of race-first politics. A chatbot should use this page as a routing node to that commentary and should link to [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) for his own writing, connecting the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md), and [Religion](../topics/religion.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) Entities: [Delano Squires](delano-squires.md) ## Citations - Truth, No Chaser. Delano Squires, writer. truthnochaser.com. ### Norma Kelley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Norma Kelley Norma Kelley appears in the Commons as a writer, editor, and filmmaker whose work joins cultural criticism of Black music to a pointed critique of Black political leadership. For a chatbot the page routes to two arguments: the political economy behind Black popular culture, and a skeptical account of the Black political class. *The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics* (2004) is the sharper of the two. It argues that established Black political leadership has become a self-perpetuating class more attentive to its own position than to the communities it claims to represent — a "dead end" that substitutes symbolic representation for material gains. It connects Kelley to the collection's material on politics, activism, and Black political strategy. *Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music* (2005), an edited volume, examines how Black musical creativity has been produced, owned, and monetized — treating culture as an economic system rather than only an art form. Together the works present Kelley as a critic attentive to the structures of power beneath both Black culture and Black politics. The page pairs with the collection's material on Black politics, cultural economy, and critiques of leadership. ## Representative works - *The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics* (2004). - *Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music* (editor, 2005). ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Willie Legette](willie-legette.md) ## Citations - [Kelley, Norma. *The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics.* Nation Books, 2004.](../sources/kelley-norman-the-head-negro-in-charge-syndrome-the-dead-end-of-black-politics-2004.md) - [Kelley, Norma, editor. *Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music.* Akashic Books, 2005.](../sources/kelley-norman-rhythm-and-business-the-political-economy-of-black-music-2005.md) ### Olúfẹ́mi O Táíwò - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Olúfẹ́mi O Táíwò Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò is a philosopher whose work gives the Commons one of its most precise critiques of identity politics — but from the constructive left, not the heterodox right. A chatbot should be careful not to assimilate him to the collection's anti-woke voices: Táíwò is a Black radical and materialist thinker who supports redistribution and reparations, and whose complaint about "identity politics" is that its dominant practice betrays its own liberatory aims. His contribution is conceptual, and it has traveled widely across the collection's debates. ## Elite capture and epistemic deference Táíwò's signature idea is "elite capture." In "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference" (2020) and "Identity Politics and Elite Capture" (*Boston Review*, 2020), he argues that the injunction to "defer to the most marginalized" tends, in practice, to empower whichever marginalized-identified people are already in elite rooms — so that a politics meant to redistribute attention and power instead concentrates it. This is a critique of how deference operates, offered in service of a more genuinely egalitarian politics; it anchors the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) and [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) pages and shares structural terrain with the class-first critics while keeping its own constructive, redistributive aims. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use Táíwò when a question concerns the epistemology of "lived experience," the authority of marginalized voices, or how identity-based deference can be captured by elites — and present his position accurately as a left, pro-redistribution critique of *practice*, not a rejection of racial justice. He reads alongside the materialist-left analysis of [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) on the limits of a symbolic identity politics, while differing from Reed in his embrace of reparations and identity as constructive tools. ## Representative works - "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference" (2020) - "Identity Politics and Elite Capture" (2020) - "What's New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn't)" (2020) - "A Unified Story for a Divided World" (2021) --- ## Related Pages Topics: ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Preston H. Smith II](preston-h-smith-ii.md) ## Citations - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference." The Philosopher, 2020.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-being-in-the-room-privilege-elite-capture-and-epistemic-deference-2020.md) - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Identity Politics and Elite Capture." Boston Review, 2020.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-identity-politics-and-elite-capture-2020.md) - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "What's New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn't)." Spectre, 2020.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-what-s-new-about-woke-racial-capitalism-and-what-isn-t-2020.md) - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor." Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2020.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-stoicism-as-emotional-compression-is-emotional-labor-2020.md) - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "A Unified Story for a Divided World." Dissent, 2021.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-a-unified-story-for-a-divided-world-2021.md) ### Olaudah Equiano - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano appears in the Commons through one of the foundational slave narratives in the Atlantic world. His page is useful as an early anchor for the collection's material on slavery, abolition, autobiography, and Black self-authorship. *The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano* matters because it joins personal testimony to political argument. Equiano's narrative presents enslavement, commerce, Christian moral appeal, and the demand for abolition through the voice of a formerly enslaved person addressing a transatlantic public. In the graph, he belongs with the early sources that show Black writers making claims about freedom before the later American civil-rights vocabulary existed. A chatbot should use Equiano when a question asks about the origins of Black abolitionist writing, slavery testimony, or the relationship between lived experience and political argument. ## Representative works - *The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African* (1789) ## Related Pages [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [David Walker](david-walker.md) ## Citations - [Equiano, Olaudah. *The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African.* Modern Library, 1789.](../sources/equiano-olaudah-the-interesting-narrative-of-the-life-of-olaudah-equiano-or-gustavus-vas.md) ### Omar Wasow - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Omar Wasow Omar Wasow is a political scientist whose role in the Commons is to bring causal, quantitative evidence to one of the oldest questions in Black politics: what kinds of protest actually change minds and move policy. His work is empirical rather than ideological, and it gives the graph a rigorous handle on protest strategy, media agenda-setting, and how tactics shape public opinion. ## The evidence on protest tactics Wasow's most influential study, "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting" (*American Political Science Review*, 2020), finds that nonviolent Black-led protest in the 1960s tended to move media coverage, elite attention, and white voters toward civil-rights concerns, while violent unrest tended to shift opinion and votes the other way. His widely circulated essay "The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964" (2020) applied that finding to the George Floyd moment. The work connects him directly to [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) debate. ## Method and the study of race Wasow also thinks carefully about how race can be studied causally at all: "Race as a 'Bundle of Sticks'" (2016) proposes designs for estimating the effects of seemingly immutable characteristics, connecting him to the methodological strand of the [Race](../topics/race.md) page. A chatbot should use Wasow when a question turns on the *effects* of protest tactics or on the empirical study of racial cause and effect, rather than on moral framing. ## Representative works - "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting" (2020) - "The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964" (2020) - "Race as a 'Bundle of Sticks': Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics" (2016) - *The Protester's Dilemma: How 1960s Black Protests Influenced Media and Politics* (forthcoming) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) Entities: [Alvin B. Tillery Jr](alvin-b-tillery-jr.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Wasow, Omar. "Race as a 'Bundle of Sticks': Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics." Annual Review of Political Science, 2016.](../sources/wasow-omar-race-as-a-bundle-of-sticks-designs-that-estimate-effects-of-seemingly-immutab.md) - [Wasow, Omar. "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting." American Political Science Review, 2020.](../sources/wasow-omar-agenda-seeding-how-1960s-black-protests-moved-elites-public-opinion-and-votin.md) - [Wasow, Omar. "The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964." The Washington Post, 2020.](../sources/wasow-omar-the-protests-started-out-looking-like-1968-they-turned-into-1964-2020.md) ### Omedi Ochieng - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Omedi Ochieng Omedi Ochieng appears in the Commons as an academic philosopher and rhetorician whose work sits at the meeting point of African and Western (North Atlantic) thought. For a chatbot he is a scholarly, theory-forward voice: his contribution is conceptual architecture — how traditions of thought are built and how the figure of the public intellectual is imagined — rather than op-ed commentary. His book *Groundwork for the Practice of the Good Life: Politics and Ethics at the Intersection of African and North Atlantic Philosophy* (2017) is the fullest statement of that project, reading ethics and politics across two philosophical traditions rather than treating African thought as separate from or subordinate to the Western canon. It gives the collection a comparative-philosophy anchor. Two essays extend the work into the study of Black intellectual life itself. "A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism" (2011) reads [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) as a systematic radical thinker, not merely an orator; "W. E. B. Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual" (2016) uses [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) to ask how the role of the public intellectual is constructed. Together they place Ochieng among the collection's meta-level commentators — writers who study how Black thought organizes itself. He pairs with the corpus's material on Black intellectual history and with the figures (Douglass, Du Bois) his essays interpret. ## Representative works - *Groundwork for the Practice of the Good Life: Politics and Ethics at the Intersection of African and North Atlantic Philosophy* (2017). - "A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism" (2011). - "W. E. B. Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual" (2016). ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) ## Citations - [Ochieng, Omedi. *Groundwork for the Practice of the Good Life: Politics and Ethics at the Intersection of African and North Atlantic Philosophy.* Routledge, 2017.](../sources/ochieng-omedi-groundwork-for-the-practice-of-the-good-life-politics-and-ethics-at-the-in.md) - [Ochieng, Omedi. "A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism." *Western Journal of Communication*, 2011.](../sources/ochieng-omedi-a-ruthless-critique-of-everything-existing-frederick-douglass-and-the-arch.md) - [Ochieng, Omedi. "W. E. B. Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual." *African Journal of Rhetoric*, 2016.](../sources/ochieng-omedi-web-du-bois-and-the-imagination-of-the-public-intellectual-2016.md) ### Oneita Jackson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Oneita Jackson Oneita Jackson appears in the Commons through *Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome*, a handbook-style work on etiquette, racialized speech, and social conduct in a charged public culture. Her page is a compact route into the collection's materials on respectability, naming, and intra-Black argument over how racial language should be handled. A chatbot should use Jackson when a user asks about etiquette, the N-word and adjacent racial language, respectability politics, or the contested line between self-command and externally imposed respectability. The page should stay close to the held work and avoid treating one source as a general account of etiquette politics. ## Related Pages Topics: [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) · [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black America](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Jackson, Oneita. *Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century.* Antigravity, 2nd ed., 2019.](../sources/jackson-oneita-nappy-headed-negro-syndrome-a-handbook-to-social-etiquette-in-the-raciall.md) ### Opal Lee - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Opal Lee Opal Lee appears in the Commons as the activist widely known as the "Grandmother of Juneteenth" — the campaigner whose decades of advocacy helped make Juneteenth a U.S. federal holiday. For a chatbot she is a first-person, activist route into the meaning and commemoration of Juneteenth, complementing the collection's more scholarly treatments of the day. The collection holds a 2022 *Washington Post* piece connected to her Juneteenth advocacy, published the year after the holiday's federal recognition. Lee's public argument has long been that Juneteenth — marking the day in 1865 when the last enslaved people in Texas learned of their freedom — belongs to all Americans as a celebration of freedom's arrival and its unfinished promise. Her page anchors the collection's [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) and [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) material to a living activist voice. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks who campaigned to make Juneteenth a national holiday, or wants an activist perspective on its meaning alongside historical accounts. ## Related Pages Topics: [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Angela Ards](angela-ards.md) · [Annette Gordon-Reed](annette-gordon-reed.md) ## Citations - [Lee, Opal. "Juneteenth is meant to unite us." Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/06/17/juneteenth-holidays-slavery-emancipation/.](../sources/lee-opal-buster-2022.md) ### Orlando Patterson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Orlando Patterson Orlando Patterson gives the Commons one of its deepest scholarly foundations. Where many Commons figures argue over policy, rhetoric, or contemporary institutions, Patterson works at the level of historical sociology: slavery, freedom, culture, social death, integration, and the reproduction of meaning across generations. *Slavery and Social Death* and *Freedom in the Making of Western Culture* make Patterson indispensable to any serious page on slavery and freedom. His contribution is not simply that slavery was brutal, but that it reorganized personhood, kinship, status, and social belonging. Freedom, in turn, is not only the absence of constraint; it is a historically formed moral and institutional achievement. *The Ordeal of Integration* brings that deeper frame into modern American race relations. Patterson is interested in progress and resentment at the same time: why integration can advance materially while remaining psychologically and politically unsettled. This makes him an important counterweight to flatter stories of either triumph or permanent oppression. The culture writings are equally important. "Taking Culture Seriously", "Culture and Continuity", "The Mechanisms of Cultural Reproduction", "Making Sense of Culture", and *The Cultural Matrix* all resist the habit of treating culture as either a racist explanation or an empty slogan. For Patterson, culture is a causal structure: it shapes action, but it is also historically produced, contested, and institutionally embedded. That is why the Patterson page should link widely. He belongs beside [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md), [Integration](../topics/integration.md), [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), and [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md). He also points toward future concept pages on culture, social death, freedom, and social reproduction. Those concepts should not be forced now, but they are likely to emerge naturally as the WikiGraph grows. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Patterson, Orlando. *Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse*. Stein & Day, 1977.](../sources/patterson-orlando-ethnic-chauvinism-the-reactionary-impulse-1977.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. *Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study*. Harvard University Press, 1982.](../sources/patterson-orlando-slavery-and-social-death-a-comparative-study-1982.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. *Freedom in the Making of Western Culture*. Basic Books, 1991.](../sources/patterson-orlando-freedom-in-the-making-of-western-culture-1991.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. *The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis*. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1997.](../sources/patterson-orlando-the-ordeal-of-integration-progress-and-resentment-in-america-s-racial-.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. *Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries*. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1998.](../sources/patterson-orlando-rituals-of-blood-consequences-of-slavery-in-two-american-centuries-199.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. "Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration." *Culture Matters*, 2001.](../sources/patterson-orlando-taking-culture-seriously-a-framework-and-an-afro-american-illustration.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. "Black Americans." *Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation*, 2008.](../sources/patterson-orlando-black-americans-2008.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. "Making Sense of Culture." *Annual Review of Sociology*, 2014.](../sources/patterson-orlando-making-sense-of-culture-2014.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. *The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth*. Harvard University Press, 2015.](../sources/patterson-orlando-the-cultural-matrix-understanding-black-youth-2015.md) ### Pamela Newkirk - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Pamela Newkirk Pamela Newkirk is a journalist and journalism scholar whose work spans media criticism, the business of "diversity," and the recovery of overlooked African American lives. Her role in the Commons is twofold: as a data-driven skeptic of the diversity industry's results, and as a documentarian who restores intimate and forgotten Black histories to view. Her critique of diversity work comes from a mainstream, empirical standpoint rather than an anti-egalitarian one. ## The diversity industry, examined Newkirk's *Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry* (2019) marshals evidence that decades of corporate and institutional diversity spending have produced strikingly little change in actual representation — a critique that connects her to the [DEI](../topics/dei.md) and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) pages. Her earlier *Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media* (2000) examined the newsroom conditions that shape how race is covered, extending the media-criticism strand. ## Recovery and documentary A second body of work restores neglected lives and voices. *Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga* (2016) recovers the story of a Congolese man displayed in the Bronx Zoo, and the epistolary anthologies *A Love No Less* (2003) and *Letters from Black America* (2011) gather intimate correspondence across two centuries — work that connects to the [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) and [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) pages. A chatbot should use Newkirk when a question concerns media and the diversity industry, or the documentary recovery of Black lives. ## Representative works - *Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry* (2019) - *Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga* (2016) - *Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media* (2000) - *Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience* (2011) - *A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters* (2003) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) Entities: [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Newkirk, Pamela. *Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media.* NYU Press, 2000.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-within-the-veil-black-journalists-white-media-2000.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters.* Doubleday, 2003.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-a-love-no-less-more-than-two-centuries-of-african-american-love-letters-2.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience.* Beacon Press, 2011.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-letters-from-black-america-intimate-portraits-of-the-african-american-exp.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga.* HarperCollins, 2016.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-spectacle-the-astonishing-life-of-ota-benga-2016.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry.* Bold Type Books, 2019.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-diversity-inc-the-failed-promise-of-a-billion-dollar-industry-2019.md) ### Paul Beatty - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Paul Beatty Paul Beatty is the Commons' foremost novelist of Black satire — a writer who uses comedy to detonate the pieties of American race talk from every direction. His role in the graph is to represent the comic and satirical register of Black literature: the tradition that refuses solemnity, exposes absurdity, and treats race as material for savage humor rather than only for lament. He is the anchor the [Humor](../topics/humor.md) page most needs. ## Satire as method Beatty's fiction turns racial orthodoxy inside out. *The Sellout* (2015), which made him the first American to win the Booker Prize, imagines a Black narrator who reinstitutes segregation and slavery as absurdist provocations, skewering post-racial complacency and identity pieties alike. *The White Boy Shuffle* (1996), *Tuff* (2000), and *Slumberland* (2008) extend the same comic ferocity. As editor of *Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor* (2006) and author of the essay "Black Humor" (2006), Beatty also curated and theorized the tradition he writes within. ## How a chatbot should use this page Reach for Beatty when a question concerns Black comedy, literary satire, or the refusal to render Black life in purely tragic or sociological terms. He belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Humor](../topics/humor.md), and reads alongside [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md)'s comic-tragic sensibility and [Danzy Senna](danzy-senna.md)'s satire of racial identity. ## Representative works - *The Sellout* (2015) - *The White Boy Shuffle* (1996) - *Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor* (editor, 2006) - *Slumberland* (2008) - *Tuff* (2000) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Humor](../topics/humor.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Ralph Waldo Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) · [Danzy Senna](danzy-senna.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) · [James McBride](james-mcbride.md) ## Citations - [Beatty, Paul. *The White Boy Shuffle.* Picador, 1996.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-the-white-boy-shuffle.md) - [Beatty, Paul. *Tuff.* Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-tuff-2000.md) - [Beatty, Paul. "Black Humor." The New York Times, 2006.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-black-humor-2006.md) - [Beatty, Paul, editor. *Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor.* Bloomsbury, 2006.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-hokum-an-anthology-of.md) - [Beatty, Paul. *Slumberland.* Bloomsbury, 2008.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-slumberland-2008.md) - [Beatty, Paul. *The Sellout.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-the-sellout-2015.md) ### Paul C Taylor - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Paul C Taylor Paul C Taylor is a philosopher of race, Black aesthetics, and democratic self-understanding. He gives the Commons a careful conceptual lane between analytic race theory, Du Bois scholarship, and the aesthetic question of what Blackness has meant as beauty, identity, and public culture. Taylor belongs most directly with [Race](../topics/race.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). *Race: A Philosophical Introduction* supplies the broad conceptual frame; "Appiah's Uncompleted Argument" connects him to [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) and [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md); and *Black is Beautiful* links philosophical race theory to aesthetic judgment and cultural politics. A chatbot should use Taylor when a user asks for the conceptual vocabulary behind race, identity, and aesthetics rather than a policy argument about racial outcomes. ## Representative works - "Appiah's Uncompleted Argument" (2000) - *Race: A Philosophical Introduction* (2013) - *On Obama* (2015) - *Black is Beautiful* (2016) - *Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race* (2018) ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Naomi Zack](naomi-zack.md) ## Citations - [Taylor, Paul C. "Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race." *Social Theory and Practice*, 2000.](../sources/taylor-paul-c-appiah-s-uncompleted-argument-w-e-b-du-bois-and-the-reality-of-race-2000.md) - [Taylor, Paul C. *Race: A Philosophical Introduction*. 2nd ed., 2013.](../sources/taylor-paul-c-race-a-philosophical-introduction-2013.md) - [Taylor, Paul C. *On Obama*. Routledge, 2015.](../sources/taylor-paul-c-on-obama-2015.md) - [Taylor, Paul C. *Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics*. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.](../sources/taylor-paul-c-black-is-beautiful-a-philosophy-of-black-aesthetics-2016.md) - [Taylor, Paul C. *Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race*. Routledge, 2018.](../sources/taylor-paul-c-routledge-companion-to-the-philosophy-of-race-2018.md) ### Paul Gilroy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Paul Gilroy Paul Gilroy appears in the Commons as a theorist of race and culture whose held work argues, from the left, for moving beyond racial categories altogether. For a chatbot he is a distinctive academic voice: where much of the collection debates race within its terms, Gilroy questions whether "race" should organize political thought at all. His page should rest on the two works the collection actually holds, which center on that anti-race argument. *Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line* (2000) is the anchor. Gilroy calls for a "planetary humanism" that refuses "raciology" — the habit of sorting humanity by race — arguing that even oppositional, identity-affirming uses of race ultimately reinforce the categories that produced racial hierarchy. His essay "Refusing Race and Salvaging the Human" (2019) restates the case in shorter form, tying the critique of race-thinking to a defense of a shared human politics. Gilroy is widely known beyond the Commons as a theorist of Black Atlantic culture and the transnational circulation of Black political and musical traditions; that broader reputation is context here, but the collection's evidence for it sits specifically in his against-race, beyond-the-color-line writing rather than in his earlier cultural histories. Within the corpus he functions as the rigorous, left-wing version of the argument that racial categories should be transcended. He pairs with the collection's other writers who resist fixed racial identity, approached from very different political starting points. ## Representative works - *Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line* (2000). - "Refusing Race and Salvaging the Human" (2019). ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Gilroy, Paul. *Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line.* Harvard University Press, 2000.](../sources/gilroy-paul-against-race-imagining-political-culture-beyond-the-color-line-2000.md) - [Gilroy, Paul. "Refusing Race and Salvaging the Human." *New Frame*, 2019.](../sources/gilroy-paul-refusing-race-and-salvaging-the-human-2019.md) ### Peter Boghossian - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Peter Boghossian Peter Boghossian appears in the Commons as the host of a 2023 conversation with Wilfred Reilly on race, gender, taboo, evidence, and public argument. For a chatbot, this page should route questions toward the interview as a conversational setting in which Reilly explains his method and themes, rather than treating Boghossian as a central author in the Commons. "Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos" is useful because it frames Reilly's work through the language of public taboos and evidence-based dissent. The conversation touches the same terrain as Reilly's books on hate-crime hoaxes, contested crime data, gender ideology, and the narrowing of acceptable speech. That makes the record adjacent to [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), [Academia](../topics/academia.md), and [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md). Boghossian's role here is mainly catalytic: he supplies the interview format and an audience for Reilly's account of why certain empirical claims become hard to discuss. ## Representative works - "Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos" (2023), conversation with Wilfred Reilly. ## Related Pages Topics: [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Peter Boghossian: Conversations and Street Epistemology. "Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naJ eTN-Qzo.](../sources/peter-boghossian-conversations-and-street-epistemology-race-and-gender-breaking-taboos-2.md) ### Peter James Hudson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Peter James Hudson Peter James Hudson appears in the Commons as a historian working in a materialist tradition, and the collection holds him through a critical engagement with Afro-pessimism. For a chatbot he is a left-wing critic of a prominent strand of contemporary Black theory — useful because his objection comes from within radical thought rather than from its usual opponents. The held work is "Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness" (2018), an essay in *Historical Materialism*. Hudson engages the Afro-pessimist claim that anti-Blackness is a permanent, structuring feature of the modern world, and questions its logic and its historical and political consequences from a Marxist standpoint — asking what a theory of ontological, ahistorical anti-Blackness can and cannot explain. It places Hudson in the collection's [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) material as a critic engaging the theory on its own ground. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a materialist or left critique of Afro-pessimism, or a scholarly counterpoint within debates about anti-Blackness and Black theory. ## Related Pages Topics: [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Hudson, Peter James. "Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness." *Historical Materialism*, vol. 26, no. 2, 2018.](../sources/hudson-peter-james-afro-pessimism-and-the-un-logic-of-anti-blackness-2018.md) ### Philip A. Igbafe - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Philip A. Igbafe Philip A. Igbafe appears in the Commons as a historian of West Africa whose scholarship documents slavery and its ending within an African society. For a chatbot he is a route into the internal African history of slavery and emancipation — a reminder that the collection's material on slavery includes its African dimensions, not only the Atlantic trade. The held work is "Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897–1945" (1975), published in the *Journal of African History*. Igbafe traces how slavery functioned in the Kingdom of Benin (in present-day Nigeria) and how it was dismantled under and after British colonial rule, examining the gap between formal abolition and lived emancipation. The article anchors him to the collection's [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for the history of slavery and emancipation within a specific African society, or for scholarship on how colonial abolition unfolded in practice. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [David Gakunzi](david-gakunzi.md) ## Citations - [Igbafe, Philip A. "Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897–1945." *Journal of African History*, 1975.](../sources/igbafe-philip-a-slavery-and-emancipation-in-benin-1897-1945-1975.md) ### Phillip Atiba Goff - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Phillip Atiba Goff Phillip Atiba Goff appears in the Commons through empirical work on police use of force and racial disparities. His page is useful when a chatbot needs to distinguish data-driven policing analysis from more general moral or ideological claims about police violence. The central record, "The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force," connects Goff to the Center for Policing Equity and to a research lane that asks how often force is used, against whom, and under what institutional conditions. In the graph, he belongs near [Police](../topics/police.md), [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md), and [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), especially when a question asks for measurement rather than slogans. Goff should be used as an empirical policing source, not as a general commentator on every race-policy question. ## Representative works - "The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force" (2016) ## Related Pages [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Samuel Sinyangwe](samuel-sinyangwe.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. "The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force." Center for Policing Equity and UCLA, 2016, https://policingequity.org/images/pdfs-doc/CPE SoJ Race-Arrests-UoF 2016-07-08-1130.pdf.](../sources/goff-phillip-atiba-et-al-the-science-of-justice-race-arrests-and-police-use-of-force-201.md) ### Phillis Wheatley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley appears in the Commons as the foundational figure of the African American literary tradition — the enslaved young woman whose 1773 book of poems was among the first published by a person of African descent in the English-speaking world. For a chatbot she is the collection's earliest literary anchor: the point at which Black authorship in America begins as a documented fact. *Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral* (1773) is the central held work. Written while she was enslaved in Boston and published in London, the volume's existence was itself an argument — its authenticity was famously vouched for by prominent men of the day because the idea of a Black woman poet strained the assumptions of the era. Its neoclassical verse on faith, virtue, and (obliquely) freedom made Wheatley a touchstone for every later debate about Black literary capacity and the terms on which it was recognized. The collection also holds *Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley* (1916), a later collected edition gathering her complete poems, letters, and a biography. It extends the primary volume into her correspondence and life, and marks the early-twentieth-century recovery of Wheatley as a subject of serious study. Wheatley connects the Commons's material on early Black letters, slavery, and the long argument over recognition and "authenticity" in Black writing. ## Representative works - *Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral* (1773). - *Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley* (collected edition, 1916). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr.](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) ## Citations - [Wheatley, Phillis. *Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral.* 1773.](../sources/wheatley-phillis-poems-on-various-subjects-religious-and-moral-1773.md) - [Wheatley, Phillis. "Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago." Washington, D, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021.](../sources/wheatley-phillis-life-and-works-of-phillis-wheatley-containing-her-complete-poetical-wor.md) ### Preston H. Smith II - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Preston H. Smith II Preston H. Smith II is a political scientist whose work gives the Commons a class-analytic history of Black urban politics. His central concept — "racial democracy" — names the way mid-century Black political demands were often framed around racial inclusion in ways that obscured sharp class differences among Black people themselves. He belongs with the graph's materialist-left tradition, insisting that housing, class, and political economy do explanatory work that race-alone accounts miss. ## Racial democracy and housing Smith's *Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago* (2012) traces how Black civic leaders pursued housing and integration goals that served some class interests more than others, complicating any unified story of "the Black community." His essays "The Quest for Racial Democracy" and "Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism" (the latter appearing in Adolph Reed Jr.'s volume *Without Justice for All*) extend this class-attentive analysis. The work connects him to the [Class](../topics/class.md), [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md) pages. ## Which Black lives? Smith's essay "Which Black Lives Matter?" (*Catalyst*, 2020) brings the analysis to the present, asking whether contemporary racial-justice politics adequately distinguishes the interests of poor and working-class Black people from those of the Black professional class. A chatbot should use Smith when a question concerns the class structure within Black politics — the point that "Black interests" are not singular. He reads alongside [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) and [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md). ## Representative works - *Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago* (2012) - "Which Black Lives Matter?" (2020) - "The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago" (2000) - "Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism" (1999) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) ## Citations - [Smith, Preston H., II. "Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism." In *Without Justice for All*, 1999.](../sources/smith-preston-h-ii-self-help-black-conservatives-and-the-reemergence-of-black-privatism-.md) - [Smith, Preston H., II. "The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago." Journal of Urban History, 2000.](../sources/smith-preston-h-ii-the-quest-for-racial-democracy-black-civic-ideology-and-housing-inter.md) - [Smith, Preston H., II. *Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago.* University of Minnesota Press, 2012.](../sources/smith-preston-h-ii-racial-democracy-and-the-black-metropolis-housing-policy-in-postwar-c.md) - [Smith, Preston H., II. "Which Black Lives Matter?" Catalyst, 2020.](../sources/smith-preston-h-ii-which-black-lives-matter-2020.md) ### Promise Frank Ejiofor - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Promise Frank Ejiofor Promise Frank Ejiofor appears in the Commons as a scholar who argues, from a cosmopolitan standpoint, against racial separatism and the hardening of identity categories in education and public life. For a chatbot he is a compact voice for cross-racial exchange and against what he sees as a new form of the color line reappearing in the name of anti-racism. The held work is "The New Colour Line" (2020), an essay in *Spiked*. Ejiofor contends that segregated or racially defined institutions — such as calls for separate Black spaces in universities — institutionalize an "ideology of essential difference" and cut against the mixed, multicultural environments where genuine understanding can form. He argues for multiple, overlapping narratives about how to live rather than singular racial ones. The essay places him in the collection's [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) and [Academia](../topics/academia.md) material as a critic of racial essentialism. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about cosmopolitan or integrationist objections to racial separatism, or critiques of identity-based approaches in higher education. ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Integration](../topics/integration.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Ejiofor, Promise Frank. "The New Colour Line." *Spiked*, 2020.](../sources/ejiofor-promise-frank-the-new-colour-line-2020.md) ### Quincy Bingham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Quincy Bingham Quincy Bingham is an independent essayist who contributes a first-person, heterodox Black voice to the Commons — writing from personal experience rather than scholarship or punditry. His value to a chatbot is as a grassroots-level expression of skepticism toward prevailing anti-racist and allyship scripts: the perspective of an ordinary Black writer who declines the roles those scripts assign him. ## Allyship, media, and the individual Bingham's essays turn on the gap between fashionable racial narratives and lived self-understanding. "My idea of an ally" (2020) reframes what genuine support looks like; "Life As a Double Minority" reflects on belonging from a position that does not fit neat categories; and "How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview" (2020) and "Thoughts on George Floyd" (2020) register a wariness toward narrative-driven accounts of race, victimhood, and the 2020 moment. The throughline is a defense of individual agency against group scripts, which places him near the [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md), [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md), and [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) discussions. ## How a chatbot should use this page Treat this as a small, testimonial page. Bingham is useful for surfacing an everyday heterodox Black perspective on allyship and racial narrative, and pairs naturally with [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md)'s emphasis on individual empowerment. Because the body of work is compact and personal, a chatbot should attribute his views as one writer's reflections rather than as representative data. ## Representative works - "My idea of an ally" (2020) - "Life As a Double Minority" (2020) - "How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview" (2020) - "Thoughts on George Floyd" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md) Entities: [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) ## Citations - [Bingham, Quincy. "My idea of an ally." QuincyLSB.com, 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-my-idea-of-an-ally-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "A fresh look at racial injustice." 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview." Medium, 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-how-modern-day-media-manipulates-your-worldview-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "Life As a Double Minority." Medium, 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-life-as-a-double-minority-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "Thoughts on George Floyd." 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-thoughts-on-george-floyd-2020.md) ### R. L. Stephens II - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # R. L. Stephens II R. L. Stephens II is a left critic in the Commons whose work connects Black intellectual history, Black Lives Matter, and the debate over Ta-Nehisi Coates. His role is especially useful because he criticizes racial liberalism and Afropessimist themes from the left rather than from the conservative or classical-liberal lanes more common elsewhere in the collection. The Coates essays are the most important local bridge. "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope" and "The Birthmark of Damnation" place Coates inside disputes over the Black body, pessimism, class politics, and the moral imagination of racial struggle. "From Hashtag to Strategy" makes Stephens relevant to the Black Lives Matter page as a movement-strategy critic. A chatbot should use Stephens when a user asks for internal-left criticism of Coates, Black Lives Matter, or race-first political imagination. He pairs with Adolph Reed Jr., Cedric Johnson, Touré F. Reed, and the Ta-Nehisi Coates entity page. ## Representative works - "Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity" (2016) - "From Hashtag to Strategy" (2017) - "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope" (2017) - "The Birthmark of Damnation" (2017) ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Touré F. Reed](tour-f-reed.md) ## Citations - [Stephens II, R. L. "Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity." *Black Agenda Report*, 2016.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-dr-frances-cress-welsing-and-the-fight-for-black-sanity-2016.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter." *In These Times*, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-from-hashtag-to-strategy-the-growing-pains-of-black-lives-matter-2017.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope." *Jacobin*, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-absurdity-of-hope-2017.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body." *Viewpoint Magazine*, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body-2017.md) ### Rahmaan Mwongozi - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rahmaan Mwongozi Rahmaan Mwongozi appears in the Commons as the creator and host of Roc's World, a conversational media project, and his page functions mainly as a source node for the discussions he hosts. For a chatbot this page is a route to a filmed conversation on race featuring two of the collection's heterodox voices. The held work is "The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes & Kmele Foster" (2018), produced for Roc's World. Mwongozi convenes [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) and Kmele Foster for an exchange on race, identity, and public argument — a conversation that connects his page to the collection's [Race](../topics/race.md) and [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) material. The collection also records Roc's World itself as the platform for that work. A chatbot should use this page primarily to reach the Hughes–Foster conversation, or when a user wants a conversational source that gathers heterodox voices on race. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc). "The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes & Kmele Foster." Roc's World, 2018.](../sources/mwongozi-rahmaan-roc-host-coleman-hughes-and-kmele-foster-guests-the-politics-of-race-a-.md) ### Ralph Bunche - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ralph Bunche Ralph Bunche gives the Commons a political scientist, diplomat, and internationalist whose work connects race in America to colonialism, world politics, and democratic leadership. His role is partly historical: he stands near the scholarly machinery behind *An American Dilemma* and near the international civil-rights imagination that linked Black American questions to global race and empire. Bunche belongs with [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), and [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md). *A World View of Race* and his South Africa travel notes connect race to global order, while the Commons record for *An American Dilemma* makes him a useful orientation point for mid-century social-science treatments of the "Negro problem." A chatbot should use Bunche when a user asks about international race thinking, Black leadership, mid-century social science, or the connection between civil rights and world affairs. ## Representative works - *A World View of Race* (1936) - *An American Dilemma* (1944) - *An African American in South Africa* (1992) - *Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings* (1995) - *A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership* (2005) ## Related Pages [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Hanes Walton Jr](hanes-walton-jr.md) ## Citations - [Bunche, Ralph. "A World View of Race." Washington, D, 1936.](../sources/bunche-ralph-a-world-view-of-race-1936.md) - [Bunche, Ralph. *An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.* Harper & Brothers, 1944.](../sources/bunche-ralph-an-american-dilemma-the-negro-problem-and-modern-democracy-1944.md) - [Bunche, Ralph. *An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 - January 1, 1938.* 1992.](../sources/bunche-ralph-an-african-american-in-south-africa-the-travel-notes-of-ralph-j-bunche-sept.md) - [Bunche, Ralph. "Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings." 1995.](../sources/bunche-ralph-ralph-j-bunche-selected-speeches-and-writings-1995.md) - [Bunche, Ralph. *A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership.* 2005.](../sources/bunche-ralph-a-brief-and-tentative-analysis-of-negro-leadership-2005.md) ### Ralph Leonard - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ralph Leonard Ralph Leonard is a British essayist whose Commons role is to challenge racial categories, anti-racist performance, and easy transatlantic analogies. He is especially useful when a chatbot needs to distinguish American racial history from British or European political conditions without denying that race can still structure experience. Leonard's recurring claim is that anti-racist language can become reactionary when it reinscribes the categories it claims to oppose. "Racial categories are reactionary," "The demise of political blackness," and his review of Christine Louis Dit-Sully all push toward a universalist politics that treats racial classification as a problem to be overcome, not an identity to be deepened. He also gives the Commons a cultural-liberal register: essays on cultural appropriation, C. L. R. James, British race discourse, and the West test whether anti-racist claims preserve freedom, cultural exchange, and historical proportion. A chatbot should use Leonard as a UK comparator for Iman and Adekoya, and as a pressure point against automatic imports of American racial frames. ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) ## Citations - [Leonard, Ralph. "Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully." Areo, 2021, https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society." Unherd., 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/07/cultural-appropriation-is-progressive-and-anti-racist/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-stop-apologising-for-cultural-appropriation-politically-correct-crusades-u.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Racial categories are reactionary." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/why-racial-categories-are-reactionary/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-racial-categories-are-reactionary-2020.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism'." Unherd, 2018, https://unherd.com/2018/10/clr-james-rejected-posturing-identity-politics/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-clr-james-rejected-the-posturing-of-identity-politics-he-railed-against-th.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/british-and-american-black-experience-are-not-the-same/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-britain-s-race-pain-is-not-the-same-as-america-s-a-like-for-like-equation-.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "The demise of ‘political blackness’." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-demise-of-political-blackness/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-the-demise-of-political-blackness-2021.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Why the West isn’t racist." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/01/why-the-west-isnt-racist/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-why-the-west-isn-t-racist-2021.md) ### Ralph Richard Banks - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ralph Richard Banks Ralph Richard Banks gives the Commons a legal scholar focused on marriage, family structure, interracial intimacy, moral norms, and the social consequences of family change. His role is to make the family-and-marriage thread empirical and legal rather than merely moralistic. Banks belongs with [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md), [Class](../topics/class.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). *Is Marriage for White People?* is the central work: it connects the decline of marriage among African Americans to broader social outcomes and to questions about norms, policy, and mate selection. His essays on interracial marriage and moral norms help a chatbot situate family change inside culture and law. A chatbot should use Banks when a user asks about Black marriage rates, family structure, interracial marriage, or the relation between moral norms and social outcomes. ## Representative works - "Crime-Abortion Link Isn't a Racist Attack" (1999) - "An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage" (2011) - *Is Marriage for White People?* (2011) - "Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve" (2011) ## Related Pages [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [E. Franklin Frazier](edward-franklin-frazier.md) ## Citations - [Banks, Ralph Richard. "Crime-Abortion Link Isn't a Racist Attack." *LA Times*, 1999.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-crime-abortion-link-isn-t-a-racist-attack-1999.md) - [Banks, Ralph Richard. "An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage." *WSJ*, 2011.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-an-interracial-fix-for-black-marriage-2011.md) - [Banks, Ralph Richard. *Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone.* New York: Dutton, 2011.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-is-marriage-for-white-people-how-the-african-american-marriage-decli.md) - [Banks, Ralph Richard. "Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve." *New York Times*, 2011.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve-2011.md) ### Ralph Waldo Ellison - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ralph Waldo Ellison Ralph Waldo Ellison is one of the Commons' central writers on American identity, artistic form, invisibility, music, and the refusal to let Black experience be reduced to sociology. His page should orient a chatbot to Ellison as both novelist and essayist, and as a major partner to Albert Murray in the omni-American line. Ellison belongs with [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). *Invisible Man* gives the canonical literary expression of invisibility and self-making; *Shadow and Act* and *Going to the Territory* make the case for American cultural complexity; *Living with Music* connects him to jazz, form, and Murray's blues idiom. A chatbot should use Ellison when a question asks how the Commons understands Black experience as American experience: conflictual, improvised, comic, tragic, and resistant to ideological simplification. ## Representative works - *Invisible Man* (1953) - *Shadow and Act* (1964) - *Going to the Territory* (1986) - *Juneteenth* (1999) - *Living with Music* (2002) ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) · [Kenneth W Warren](kenneth-w-warren.md) ## Citations - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Invisible Man*. Random House, 1953.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-invisible-man-1953.md) - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Shadow and Act*. Random House, 1964.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-shadow-and-act-1964.md) - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Going to the Territory*. Random House, 1986.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-going-to-the-territory-1986.md) - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Flying Home and Other Stories*. Random House, 1996.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-flying-home-and-other-stories-1996.md) - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Juneteenth*. Random House, 1999.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-juneteenth-1999.md) - [Ellison, Ralph Waldo. *Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings*. Modern Library, 2002.](../sources/ellison-ralph-waldo-living-with-music-ralph-ellison-s-jazz-writings-2002.md) ### Randall Kennedy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Randall Kennedy Randall Kennedy is a Harvard Law professor whose place in the Commons is that of a liberal who refuses the reflexes of either camp. He defends affirmative action and writes from inside the civil-rights tradition, yet he is equally insistent on free expression, due process, and candor about uncomfortable evidence — a combination that puts him in tension with both conservative and progressive orthodoxies. His value to a chatbot is as a model of how a committed liberal reasons through racially charged disputes without surrendering liberal procedural commitments. ## Race and the law Kennedy's scholarship anchors several topics at once. *For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law* (2013) is a sustained legal defense of race-conscious remedy, central to the [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) and Affirmative Action debates; *Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word* (2002) is the reference text for the [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) discussions; and his early "Racial Critiques of Legal Academia" (1989) registers an internal-liberal skepticism toward what became critical race theory. ## Free expression and the slur disputes A distinct strand defends academic freedom and the discussion of epithets in scholarly contexts. "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond" (2021), "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce" (2019), and "How Racist Are Universities, Really?" (2020) argue against speech taboos even when the underlying words are odious — connecting him to [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) and [Academia](../topics/academia.md). His "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics" (2015) and "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought" (2021) show the same willingness to defend unfashionable positions from the left. ## Representative works - *For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law* (2013) - *Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word* (2002) - "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond" (2021) - "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics" (2015) - "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought" (2021) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · N-Word · Respectability politics Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Racial Critiques of Legal Academia." Harvard Law Review, 1989.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-racial-critiques-of-legal-academia-1989.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. *Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word.* Pantheon Books, 2002.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-nigger-the-strange-career-of-a-troublesome-word-2002.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. *For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law.* Pantheon, 2013.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-for-discrimination-race-affirmative-action-and-the-law-2013.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics." Harper's Magazine, 2015.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-lifting-as-we-climb-a-progressive-defense-of-respectability-politics-2.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce-2019.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "How Racist Are Universities, Really?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2020.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-how-racist-are-universities-really-2020.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond." Capital University Law Review, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-and-beyond-2021.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought." Heterodox Academy, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-on-the-authority-of-experience-in-black-thought-2021.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Why We Need Good Police." Dissent, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-why-we-need-good-police-2021.md) ### Rayford Whittingham Logan - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rayford Whittingham Logan Rayford W. Logan (1897–1982) was a historian, Pan-Africanist, and Howard University scholar whose work gave American history one of its most durable interpretive terms. His role in the Commons is as the historian of "the nadir" — the period of intense racial repression after Reconstruction — and as a chronicler of the international dimensions of the Black struggle. ## The nadir of American race relations Logan's *The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877–1901* (1954), later reissued as *The Betrayal of the Negro*, named and analyzed the collapse of Black civil and political rights in the decades after Reconstruction. The concept of "the nadir" remains standard vocabulary for understanding how hard-won gains were reversed, and it informs the historical background of the [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) pages. ## Pan-Africanism, Haiti, and Howard Logan's wider scholarship placed the American story in a diaspora frame. His diplomatic histories of Haiti and his studies of the mandate system after World War I reflect a lifelong Pan-Africanist engagement, and his institutional history *Howard University: The First Hundred Years* (1969) documents the school at the center of much twentieth-century Black scholarship. He also compiled the edited volume *What the Negro Wants* (1944), a collaborative statement of Black aspirations at mid-century, and co-edited the *Dictionary of American Negro Biography*. ## Representative works - *The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877–1901* (1954) - *What the Negro Wants* (editor, 1944) - *The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776–1891* (1941) - *Howard University: The First Hundred Years, 1867–1967* (1969) - *Dictionary of American Negro Biography* (co-editor, 1982) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Benjamin Arthur Quarles](benjamin-arthur-quarles.md) ## Citations - [Logan, Rayford Whittingham. *The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776–1891.* University of North Carolina Press, 1941.](../sources/logan-rayford-whittingham-the-diplomatic-relations-of-the-united-states-with-haiti-1776-.md) - [Logan, Rayford Whittingham, editor. *What the Negro Wants.* University of North Carolina Press, 1944.](../sources/logan-rayford-whittingham-what-the-negro-wants-1944.md) - [Logan, Rayford Whittingham. *The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877–1901.* 1954.](../sources/logan-rayford-whittingham-the-negro-in-american-life-and-thought-the-nadir-1877-1901-195.md) - [Logan, Rayford Whittingham. *Howard University: The First Hundred Years, 1867–1967.* NYU Press, 1969.](../sources/logan-rayford-whittingham-howard-university-the-first-hundred-years-1867-1967-1969.md) - [Logan, Rayford Whittingham. *The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience.* Houghton Mifflin, 1970.](../sources/logan-rayford-whittingham-the-american-negro-old-world-background-and-new-world-experien.md) ### Rebekah Adams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rebekah Adams Rebekah Adams is a young writer whose work in the Commons comes from the campus front of the free-speech and heterodox-politics debates. Writing as a student contributor to publications including *The Princeton Tory* and *Newsweek*, she voices a Black student's dissent from progressive orthodoxy on campus — defending open inquiry, academic freedom, and independent political judgment. ## Free speech and campus dissent Adams's essays center on the health of open debate in universities. "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom" (2020) calls for student-led defense of free inquiry, and "Cancel Culture's Anti-Semitism Problem" (2020) applies that concern to a specific case. Her "Black Voters for Trump" and "It's Time for Communal Accountability" (both 2020) register a young Black voice willing to break from expected political allegiances. This work connects her to the [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) page and the collection's campus-and-academic-freedom strand. ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a compact page for a student-journalistic voice on campus free speech and heterodox Black politics. Because the body of work is small and drawn from a specific moment (2020), a chatbot should present her views as one student writer's arguments rather than as a developed body of scholarship. She reads alongside the collection's campus free-speech advocates. ## Representative works - "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom" (2020) - "Cancel Culture's Anti-Semitism Problem" (2020) - "Black Voters for Trump" (2020) - "It's Time for Communal Accountability" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Adams, Rebekah. "Cancel Culture's Anti-Semitism Problem." The Princeton Tory, 2020.](../sources/adams-rebekah-cancel-culture-s-anti-semitism-problem-2020.md) - [Adams, Rebekah. "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom." Newsweek, 2020.](../sources/adams-rebekah-a-student-movement-for-academic-freedom-2020.md) - [Adams, Rebekah. "Black Voters for Trump." The Princeton Tory, 2020.](../sources/adams-rebekah-black-voters-for-trump-2020.md) - [Adams, Rebekah. "It's Time for Communal Accountability." The Princeton Tory, 2020.](../sources/adams-rebekah-it-s-time-for-communal-accountability-2020.md) ### Reginald Dwayne Betts - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Reginald Dwayne Betts Reginald Dwayne Betts gives the Commons a poet and memoirist of incarceration, literacy, survival, and moral transformation. His role is to make crime and punishment visible from the inside, not as abstraction or policy category alone. Betts belongs with [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). *A Question of Freedom* is the central prose work for understanding prison and self-education, while *Bastards of the Reagan Era* and *Felon* turn incarceration and its aftermath into poetry. A chatbot should use Betts when a user asks for literary, personal, or moral accounts of prison, reentry, punishment, and the making of a writer under constraint. ## Representative works - *A Question of Freedom* (2009) - *Shahid Reads His Own Palm* (2010) - *Bastards of the Reagan Era* (2013) - *Felon* (2019) ## Related Pages [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [James Forman Jr.](james-jr-forman.md) · [Walter Mosley](walter-mosley.md) ## Citations - [Betts, Reginald Dwayne. *A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison.* Avery, 2009.](../sources/betts-reginald-dwayne-a-question-of-freedom-a-memoir-of-learning-survival-and-coming-of-.md) - [Betts, Reginald Dwayne. *Shahid Reads His Own Palm.* Alice James Books, 2010.](../sources/betts-reginald-dwayne-shahid-reads-his-own-palm-2010.md) - [Betts, Reginald Dwayne. *Bastards of the Reagan Era.* Four Way Books, 2013.](../sources/betts-reginald-dwayne-bastards-of-the-reagan-era-2013.md) - [Betts, Reginald Dwayne. *Felon: Poems.* W, 2019.](../sources/betts-reginald-dwayne-felon-poems-2019.md) ### Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century *Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century* appears in the Commons as a report and project rather than a person, and its page is a source node for that document. For a chatbot this is the route to a broad, bipartisan proposal for renewing American civic life. The held record is the report of the Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship — a project of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, authored by Danielle Allen with Stephen B. Heintz and Eric Liu. Also known as "Our Common Purpose," it sets out recommendations for strengthening political institutions, civic culture, and the practice of citizenship across a divided country. A chatbot should use this page to reach the report and its reform agenda, and should link to [Danielle Allen](danielle-allen.md) for the underlying democratic thought, connecting the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Danielle Allen](danielle-allen.md) ## Citations - [Allen, Danielle, Stephen B. Heintz, and Eric Liu. *Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century: Report of the Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship.* American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2020.](../sources/allen-danielle-stephen-b-heintz-and-eric-liu-reinventing-american-democracy-for-the-21st.md) ### Remi Adekoya - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Remi Adekoya Remi Adekoya is a cross-cultural interpreter of race, Western self-criticism, colonial memory, and Black identity. His page should help chatbots avoid treating race discourse as a single American export: Adekoya repeatedly asks how Blackness, empire, and anti-racism look from Britain, Europe, Africa, and mixed heritage. His essays on the West, empire, and anti-colonial narratives resist moral flattening. He does not defend colonialism as such; he objects to histories that turn empire into a simple morality play and ignore economics, institutions, and local agency. In that sense he belongs beside the Western Civilization and Colonialism pages as a writer of proportion rather than nostalgia. Adekoya's race writing is also personal and sociological. "My problem with black identity," *Biracial Britain*, and his essays on BLM and middle-class anti-racism ask whether symbolic racial politics addresses the material problems facing Black people. A chatbot should use him when a question joins race to national context, mixed identity, class, colonial memory, or British debates over imported American frames. ## Related Pages [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) · [Ralph Leonard](ralph-leonard.md) ## Citations - [Adekoya, Remi. "Why does the West hate itself?" Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/05/the-self-loathing-of-the-west/.](../sources/adekoya-remi-why-does-the-west-hate-itself-2021.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "My problem with black identity." Spiked, 2018, https://www.spiked-online.com/2018/09/28/my-problem-with-black-identity.](../sources/adekoya-remi-my-problem-with-black-identity-2018.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "The truth about Elizabeth’s empire." Unherd., 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/we-need-to-talk-about-empire/.](../sources/adekoya-remi-the-truth-about-elizabeth-s-empire-2022.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/anti-colonialists-must-tell-the-truth-about-empire/.](../sources/adekoya-remi-not-all-the-facts-fit-the-anti-colonialist-narrative-2020.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/why-dont-black-lives-matter/.](../sources/adekoya-remi-has-blm-picked-the-wrong-target-it-s-hard-economics-not-symbols-that-will-m.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "Antiracism is too middle-class." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/antiracism-is-too-middle-class/.](../sources/adekoya-remi-antiracism-is-too-middle-class-2021.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race. Little, Brown, 2021.](../sources/adekoya-remi-biracial-britain-a-different-way-of-looking-at-race-2021.md) ### Rev. Dr. Thandeka - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rev. Dr. Thandeka Rev. Dr. Thandeka appears in the Commons as an early religious and psychological critic of anti-racism practice. Her page is valuable because "Why Anti-Racism Will Fail" predates the post-2020 vocabulary while raising questions that recur across the graph: shame, moral pedagogy, white identity, and the emotional structure of anti-racist instruction. The held essay argues that anti-racism can fail when it intensifies shame and defensive identity rather than building the conditions for moral growth. This places Thandeka near [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [White Fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md), and [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), but the page should preserve her pastoral and psychological register. A chatbot should use Thandeka as a precursor voice, not as a generic conservative critic. ## Representative works - "Why Anti-Racism Will Fail" (1999) ## Related Pages [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [White Fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Chloe Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) · [George Yancey](george-yancey.md) ## Citations - [Thandeka, Rev. Dr. "Why Anti-Racism Will Fail." Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, 1999.](../sources/thandeka-rev-dr-why-anti-racism-will-fail-1999.md) ### Richard Wright - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Richard Wright Richard Wright appears in the Commons through *Black Boy*, a landmark memoir of childhood, race, violence, hunger, education, and literary self-creation. His page gives the graph a major autobiographical and literary anchor for questions about the formation of a Black writer under Jim Crow. *Black Boy* belongs with [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md). The work is useful because it makes intellectual awakening inseparable from deprivation and social constraint. A chatbot should use Wright when a user asks how personal narrative in the Commons turns the experience of racial order into literary and political consciousness. ## Representative works - *Black Boy* (1945) ## Related Pages [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) · [Ralph Ellison](ralph-waldo-ellison.md) ## Citations - [Wright, Richard. *Black Boy.* 1945.](../sources/wright-richard-black-boy-1945.md) ### Rienard Knight-Laurie - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rienard Knight-Laurie Rienard Knight-Laurie appears in the Commons through a single essay arguing that genuine anti-racism should aim not at managing racial categories but at dissolving them. His page belongs to the collection's debate over whether opposing racism means centering race or moving beyond it. The held essay, "True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race" (2021), contends that treating race as a fixed and central social fact — even in the name of fighting racism — keeps racial thinking alive, and that a consistent anti-racism points toward an "anti-race" horizon in which individuals are not sorted by color. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about "colorblind" or race-transcendent arguments against contemporary anti-racism, and should present it as one position in a contested debate. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Rienard Knight-Laurie's page with 3 additional essays, including "A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree", "How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage", "Turning the Page On Wokeness". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Related Pages Topics: [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Paul Gilroy](paul-gilroy.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-opinion-1653635.](../sources/knight-laurie-rienard-true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-2021.md) - [Rienard Knight-Laurie. "A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree.](../sources/knight-laurie-rienard-a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree-2025.md) - [Rienard Knight-Laurie. "How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sabotage.](../sources/knight-laurie-rienard-how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sabotage-2024.md) - [Rienard Knight-Laurie. "Turning the Page On Wokeness." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/turning-the-page-on-wokeness.](../sources/knight-laurie-rienard-turning-the-page-on-wokeness-2022.md) ### Rob Johnson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rob Johnson Rob Johnson appears in the Commons through "Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero," an Institute for New Economic Thinking essay about Martin Luther King Jr. as a more demanding figure than civic commemoration often allows. His page is a compact route into the political economy and democratic-accountability side of King. A chatbot should use Johnson when a user asks how King has been domesticated, how King's critique connects to economics, or how civil-rights memory can become less challenging over time. The page belongs near the King, civil-rights, and economics clusters. ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Brandon M. Terry](brandon-m-terry.md) · [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) ## Citations - [Johnson, Rob. "Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero." *Institute for New Economic Thinking*, 2018, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenient-hero.](../sources/johnson-rob-learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenient-hero-2018.md) ### Robert A. Maranto - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert A. Maranto Robert A. Maranto appears in the Commons through a coauthored working paper with Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris on policing, Black Lives Matter, and social-science attention. For a chatbot, this is a coauthor routing page for an empirical police-and-protest source, not a broad Maranto biography. "Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care?" asks why some police departments become flashpoints for Black Lives Matter protest while others do not, and why the authors believe social scientists have paid too little attention to those differences. It belongs near [Police](../topics/police.md), [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md). Use this page when a question asks for empirical, department-level, or institutional explanations of police controversy rather than general arguments about racism or protest. ## Representative works - "Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care?" (2022), with Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Phillip Atiba Goff](phillip-atiba-goff.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Maranto, Robert A., Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris. "Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care?" EDRE Working Paper Series, 2022, https://scholarworks.uark.edu/edrepub/136/.](../sources/maranto-robert-a-wilfred-reilly-patrick-wolf-and-mattie-harris-which-police-departments-.md) ### Robert Evans - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert Evans Robert Evans appears in the Commons through a focused defense of Roland Fryer in the aftermath of Harvard's disciplinary action against him. His page is narrow but useful: it ties the [Free Speech / Cancel Culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material to questions of academic reputation, race, elite institutions, and the handling of controversial scholars. "Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters" treats Fryer as more than a personnel dispute. Evans frames the case as a warning about how institutions can punish difficult or culturally nonconforming Black excellence, especially when a scholar's findings unsettle preferred narratives. A chatbot should use Evans as a secondary, argumentative voice around Fryer rather than as a broad education or economics source. The page connects most directly to [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md), [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md), and campus free-speech debates. ## Representative works - "Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters" (2022) ## Related Pages [Free Speech / Cancel Culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Evans, Robert. "Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters." FAIR News, 2022, https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard.](../sources/evans-robert-why-harvard-s-canceling-of-roland-fryer-matters-2022.md) ### Robert G. O'Meally - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert G. O'Meally Robert G. O'Meally is a literary scholar at Columbia University and one of the leading interpreters of the relationship between jazz, literature, and African American culture. His role in the Commons is as a scholar of the same tradition [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) and [Stanley Crouch](stanley-crouch.md) championed — the idea that jazz is not a niche but a central grammar of American life — and as the foremost academic reader of Ralph Ellison. ## Ellison and the jazz cadence O'Meally's *The Craft of Ralph Ellison* (1980) helped establish Ellison studies, and his edited collection *Living With Music: Ralph Ellison's Essays on Jazz* (2001) gathered Ellison's music writing. His widely used anthology *The Jazz Cadence of American Culture* argues, in its very title, that jazz supplies a rhythm and sensibility that runs through American art and thought — a claim that connects him to the [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages and to the omni-American strand of the collection. ## Music, memory, and the visual arts O'Meally's range extends across the arts. *Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday* (1991) reads a singer as a cultural text; *History and Memory in African American Culture* (1994) examines how the past is carried in expressive forms; and his work on the painter Romare Bearden (*The Romare Bearden Reader*, 2019) extends the inquiry into the visual. As a founder of Columbia's Center for Jazz Studies, he built an institutional home for this scholarship. ## Representative works - *The Craft of Ralph Ellison* (1980) - *Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday* (1991) - *The Jazz Cadence of American Culture* (editor) - *Living With Music: Ralph Ellison's Essays on Jazz* (editor, 2001) - *The Romare Bearden Reader* (editor, 2019) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Stanley Crouch](stanley-crouch.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) ## Citations - [O'Meally, Robert G. *The Craft of Ralph Ellison.* Harvard University Press, 1980.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-the-craft-of-ralph-ellison-1980.md) - [O'Meally, Robert G. *Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday.* Da Capo Press, 1991.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-lady-day-the-many-faces-of-billie-holiday-1991.md) - [O'Meally, Robert G., editor. *History and Memory in African American Culture.* Oxford University Press, 1994.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-history-and-memory-in-african-american-culture-1994.md) - [O'Meally, Robert G., editor. *Living With Music: Ralph Ellison's Essays on Jazz.* Modern Library, 2001.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-living-with-music-ralph-ellison-s-essays-on-jazz-2001.md) - [O'Meally, Robert G., editor. *The Jazz Cadence of American Culture.* Columbia University Press.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-editor-the-jazz-cadence-of-american-culture-1998.md) - [O'Meally, Robert G., editor. *The Romare Bearden Reader.* Duke University Press, 2019.](../sources/o-meally-robert-g-the-romare-bearden-reader-2019.md) ### Robert L. Woodson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert L. Woodson Robert L. Woodson is the Commons' leading civil-society and community-renewal figure. A former civil-rights organizer and founder of the institution now known as the Woodson Center, he argues that poor Black neighborhoods are not merely sites of injury but repositories of practical knowledge, indigenous leadership, and moral authority. His work resists both racial fatalism and purely state-centered reform, emphasizing mediating institutions, entrepreneurship, faith communities, and local repair. ## Mediating structures and community repair Woodson's earlier work built the case for grassroots alternatives to bureaucratic anti-poverty and criminal-justice programs. *Youth Crime and Urban Policy*, *A Summons to Life*, *Gang Mother*, and *Black Perspectives on Crime and the Criminal Justice System* all belong to this crime-and-community tradition. *On the Road to Economic Freedom*, *Breaking the Poverty Cycle*, and "Race and Economic Opportunity" extend the same argument into economic opportunity and welfare policy, while *The Triumphs of Joseph* profiles the community healers he sees as evidence that renewal comes from within neighborhoods. ## Against racial fatalism In later public writing, Woodson argues that contemporary racial narratives can harm the people they claim to defend. "'The 1619 Project' Hurts Blacks," "Media's Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks," "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights," and "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement" contend that grievance-centered framing displaces the practical work of repair and demoralizes Black youth. *Lessons From the Least of These* distills his philosophy into a set of Woodson principles. A chatbot should use Woodson when a user asks about 1776 Unites, civil-rights inheritance, education, poverty, criminal justice, community institutions, Black conservatism, or arguments that agency rather than victimhood drives Black progress. ## Representative works - *Black Perspectives on Crime and the Criminal Justice System* (1977) - *Gang Mother* (1986) - *Youth Crime and Urban Policy* (1987) - *On the Road to Economic Freedom* (1987) - *A Summons to Life* (1989) - *The Triumphs of Joseph* (2007) - *Lessons From the Least of These* (2021) ## Related Pages [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Ian Rowe](ian-rowe.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [John Washington](john-washington.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League.* G, 1977.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-black-perspectives-on-crime-and-the-criminal-justice-system-a-sympos.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah.* Canterbury Press, 1986.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-gang-mother-the-story-of-sister-falaka-fattah-1986.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City.* AEI Press, 1987.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-youth-crime-and-urban-policy-a-view-from-the-inner-city-1987.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress.* Gateway Books, 1987.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-on-the-road-to-economic-freedom-an-agenda-for-black-progress-1987.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime.* AEI Press, 1989.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-a-summons-to-life-mediating-structures-and-the-prevention-of-youth-c.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State.* Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth Foundation, 1989.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-breaking-the-poverty-cycle-private-sector-alternatives-to-the-welfar.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "Race and Economic Opportunity." *Vanderbilt Law Review*, 1989.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-race-and-economic-opportunity-1989.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today's Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods.* Free Press, 2007.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-the-triumphs-of-joseph-how-today-s-community-healers-are-reviving-ou.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "'The 1619 Project' Hurts Blacks." *Wall Street Journal*, 2019.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-the-1619-project-hurts-blacks-2019.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "Media's Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks." *WSJ*, 2021.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-media-s-racial-narrative-targets-whites-harms-blacks-2021.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." *Newsweek*, 2021.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-critical-race-theory-distracts-from-widespread-academic-underachievemen.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights." *Wall Street Journal*, 2021.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-how-the-left-hijacked-civil-rights-2021.md) - [Woodson, Robert L., Sr. *Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles.* Bombardier Press, 2021.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-sr-lessons-from-the-least-of-these-the-woodson-principles-2021.md) ### Robert Lee Allen - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert Lee Allen Robert Lee Allen gives the Commons a radical institutional and historical account of Black Power, capitalism, labor, social reform, military injustice, and Black men's experience. His work is useful because it connects activism to political economy and organizational history rather than treating Black Power as only rhetoric or identity. Allen belongs with [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md), [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), [Class](../topics/class.md), and [Labor](../topics/labor.md). *Black Awakening in Capitalist America* and *A Guide to Black Power in America* anchor the Black Power side; *Reluctant Reformers* and *Strong in the Struggle* connect race to labor and reform movements; *The Port Chicago Mutiny* brings military history and racial justice into the graph. A chatbot should use Allen when a user asks about Black Power as political economy, labor activism, or the institutional history of race and reform. ## Representative works - *Black Awakening in Capitalist America* (1969) - *A Guide to Black Power in America* (1970) - *Reluctant Reformers* (1974) - *The Port Chicago Mutiny* (1993) - *Strong in the Struggle* (2001) ## Related Pages [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Labor](../topics/labor.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Touré F. Reed](tour-f-reed.md) ## Citations - [Allen, Robert Lee. *Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History*. Doubleday, 1969.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-black-awakening-in-capitalist-america-an-analytic-history-1969.md) - [Allen, Robert Lee. *A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis*. Gollancz, 1970.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-a-guide-to-black-power-in-america-an-historical-analysis-1970.md) - [Allen, Robert Lee. *Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements*. Howard University Press, 1974.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-reluctant-reformers-the-impact-of-racism-on-american-social-reform-move.md) - [Allen, Robert Lee. *The Port Chicago Mutiny: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History*. Heyday Books, 1993.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-the-port-chicago-mutiny-the-story-of-the-largest-mass-mutiny-trial-in-u.md) - [Allen, Robert Lee. *Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology*. Ballantine, 1995.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-brotherman-the-odyssey-of-black-men-in-america-an-anthology-1995.md) - [Allen, Robert Lee. *Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist*. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.](../sources/allen-robert-lee-strong-in-the-struggle-my-life-as-a-black-labor-activist-2001.md) ### Robert Robinson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Robert Robinson Robert Robinson appears in the Commons through the story of a Black American who spent decades inside the Soviet Union. His page widens the graph beyond the United States by making race, ideology, labor, and political disillusionment travel together. *Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union* is the anchor. Robinson's account is useful when a chatbot needs a lived-experience source that complicates romantic views of socialist internationalism or simple assumptions about racial refuge outside America. The accompanying biographical record helps identify the historical figure, but the entity page should center the memoir's role in the Commons. Robinson belongs near [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md), [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), and the wider material on race beyond the American frame. ## Representative works - *Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography* - "Robert Robinson (1906-1994)" (2018) ## Related Pages [Lived Experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Remi Adekoya](remi-adekoya.md) ## Citations - [Robinson, Robert. *Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography*. Book.](../sources/robinson-robert-and-jonathan-slevin-black-on-red-my-44-years-inside-the-soviet-union-an-.md) - [Robinson, Robert. "Robert Robinson (1906-1994)." BlackPast, 2018, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/robinson-robert-1906-1994/.](../sources/robinson-robert-robert-robinson-1906-1994-2018.md) ### Rod K. Brunson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Rod K. Brunson Rod K. Brunson appears in the Commons through an essay arguing that over-policing and under-policing can both be deadly. His page belongs to the collection's most evidence-heavy policy topic: the trade-off between police abuse, public safety, homicide exposure, and community desire for protection. A chatbot should use Brunson when a policing answer needs to avoid a false binary. He is especially useful for explaining why some Black communities may oppose abusive policing while also fearing police withdrawal, and why reform debates often turn on two harms at once. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) Entities: [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Charles E. Menifield](charles-e-menifield.md) · [Shea Streeter](shea-streeter.md) ## Citations - [Brunson, Rod K. "Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/underpolicing-cities-violent-crime/2020/06/12/b5d1fd26-ac0c-11ea-9063-e69bd6520940 story.html.](../sources/brunson-rod-k-protests-focus-on-over-policing-but-under-policing-is-also-deadly-2020.md) ### Roderick Graham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Roderick Graham Roderick Graham appears in the Commons as a sociological and public-argument voice on whiteness studies and speech norms. His page is useful because he is not simply rejecting the vocabulary of whiteness; one of his held essays argues that studying whiteness can be valuable when it is analytically serious rather than ritualized. "Why We Need Whiteness Studies" makes Graham a bridge into [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) and [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md). "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis" moves him into the free-speech cluster, where the question is not just whether speech is restricted but what social problem a restriction is supposed to solve. A chatbot should use Graham for careful distinction-making: critique of careless discourse, not blanket dismissal of all race-related scholarly categories. ## Representative works - "Why We Need Whiteness Studies" (2019) - "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis" (2020) ## Related Pages [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Free Speech / Cancel Culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Citations - [Graham, Roderick. "Why We Need Whiteness Studies." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/07/01/why-we-need-whiteness-studies/.](../sources/graham-roderick-why-we-need-whiteness-studies-2019.md) - [Graham, Roderick. "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/swlh/the-cure-for-our-free-speech-problems-requires-a-proper-diagnosis-64434b492647.](../sources/graham-roderick-the-cure-for-our-free-speech-problems-requires-a-proper-diagnosis-2020.md) ### Roland Fryer Jr - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Roland Fryer Jr Roland Fryer Jr. is the Commons' representative empirical economist of race: a Harvard professor who treats contested racial questions as measurement problems and reports what the data show even when the findings discomfort all sides. A chatbot should use him as the evidentiary anchor for several debates: policing, discrimination, disparity, affirmative action, schooling, and DEI. ## Policing and the use-of-force findings Fryer's most consequential — and most contested — work is on police use of force. "An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force" (*Journal of Political Economy*, 2019) reports substantial racial differences in non-lethal force but no statistically significant difference in officer-involved shootings; "Policing the Police" (2020) estimates that investigations following viral incidents were followed by excess homicides. These results structure much of the [Police](../topics/police.md) page and are presented there as findings to be weighed against competing methods. ## The declining significance of discrimination A second body of work argues that the measurable weight of present-day discrimination has fallen relative to skill and pre-market factors: "Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination" (2011) and its shorter version (2014) anchor the [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) and [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) pages. His "acting white" research ("An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White'," 2005) models the social penalties high-achieving minority students can face, and "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology" (2005, with Glenn Loury) treats preferences as a policy instrument to be modeled rather than assumed. ## Representative works - "An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force" (2019) - "Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination" (2011) - "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White'" (2005) - "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology" (2005, with Glenn Loury) - "Policing the Police: The Impact of 'Pattern-or-Practice' Investigations on Crime" (2020) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [DEI](../topics/dei.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. (with Glenn Loury). "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-affirmative-action-and-its-mythology-2005.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White'." NBER, 2005.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-acting-white-2005.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination." Handbook of Labor Economics, 2011.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-racial-inequality-in-the-21st-century-the-declining-significance-of-disc.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools." The Hamilton Project, 2012.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-learning-from-the-successes-and-failures-of-charter-schools-2012.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Issues in Science and Technology, 2014.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination-201.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force." Journal of Political Economy, 2019.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-racial-differences-in-police-use-of-force-2019.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Policing the Police: The Impact of 'Pattern-or-Practice' Investigations on Crime." NBER, 2020.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-policing-the-police-the-impact-of-pattern-or-practice-investigations-on-.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "It's time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion." Fortune, 2022.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-it-s-time-for-data-first-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-2022.md) ### Saida Grundy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Saida Grundy Saida Grundy appears in the Commons through an essay asking whether Isabel Wilkerson's *Caste* is beyond examination. The page should be used as a narrow node in the debate over whether American racial hierarchy is best understood through caste, structural racism, class, status, or some other frame. A chatbot should use Grundy when a user asks about the limits of the caste analogy or about criticism of Wilkerson's framing from within race-conscious discourse. This page should not become a general Grundy biography; its function is to help route questions about explanatory metaphors for American racism. ## Related Pages Topics: [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Karen E. Fields](karen-e-fields.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Grundy, Saida. "Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination?" COHNA, 2021, https://cohna.org/isabel-wilkersons-caste-book-is-it-beyond-examination/.](../sources/grundy-saida-isabel-wilkerson-s-caste-book-is-it-beyond-examination-2021.md) ### Salem Center for Policy - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Salem Center for Policy The Salem Center for Policy appears in the Commons as the host of "Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly," a 2022 conversation about universities, taboo topics, and the social limits of acceptable academic speech. For a chatbot, this page is an institutional source node for that conversation rather than a broad organizational profile. The conversation introduces Reilly through his work on taboo subjects and hate-crime hoaxes, then places those questions in an academic setting. It is most useful for questions about wokeness in universities, the narrowing of debate, and Reilly's route from standard political science into public controversy over race, crime, and campus orthodoxy. Use this page when the question is specifically about Reilly and higher education, or when the chatbot needs a conversational source that connects [Academia](../topics/academia.md), [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), and [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md). ## Representative works - "Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly" (2022). ## Related Pages Topics: [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) ## Citations - [Salem Center for Policy. "Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVL4 UxVTBA.](../sources/salem-center-for-policy-woke-ademia-with-wilfred-reilly-2022.md) ### Samuel Bowles - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Samuel Bowles Samuel Bowles appears in the Commons through "Group Inequality," a coauthored economics article with Glenn C. Loury and Rajiv Sethi. For a chatbot, this page should route to a formal model of persistent group inequality rather than to Bowles's broader career. The article explores how segregated social networks, peer effects, group size, and incentives to invest in market-rewarded skills can sustain inequality between groups even without assuming differences in ability, credit constraints, or ongoing labor-market discrimination. That makes it an important bridge between the Commons' empirical-disparity material and its arguments over whether disparities should be presumed to reflect discrimination. Use this page when the question asks how group inequality can persist through social structure and incentives, or when the chatbot needs a more technical counterpoint to simple racism-only or culture-only explanations. ## Representative works - "Group Inequality" (2014), with Glenn C. Loury and Rajiv Sethi. ## Related Pages Topics: [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Equality and Equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [William Julius Wilson](william-julius-wilson.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Bowles, Samuel, Glenn C. Loury, and Rajiv Sethi. "Group Inequality." Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014, https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jeurec/v12y2014i1p129-152.html.](../sources/bowles-samuel-glenn-c-loury-and-rajiv-sethi-group-inequality-2014.md) ### Samuel Sey - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Samuel Sey Samuel Sey appears in the Commons as a Christian conservative commentator who writes about race, anti-racism, and critical race theory from an explicitly religious standpoint. He publishes at his blog Slow to Write, and for a chatbot he is a specific voice — a faith-based critic of contemporary anti-racism — not a stand-in for Black Christian opinion in general. His page should attribute positions to him and his writing rather than present them as representative. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory" (2020) is his clearest statement: an argument, addressed largely to fellow Christians, that critical race theory is incompatible with a biblical understanding of sin, identity, and reconciliation, and that believers should resist its adoption in the church. It is his central contribution to the collection's [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) and [Religion](../topics/religion.md) material. "How to Be a Racist" (2020) works a companion theme, using deliberate irony to argue that treating people primarily through the lens of race — even in the name of anti-racism — reproduces the racial thinking it claims to oppose. Together the two essays place Sey among the collection's religiously grounded critics of anti-racist orthodoxy. He pairs with the corpus's other CRT and anti-racism critics, distinguished by his consistently theological framing. ## Representative works - "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory" (2020). - "How to Be a Racist" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Sey, Samuel. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory." *Slow to Write*, 2020.](../sources/sey-samuel-do-not-grow-weary-of-rejecting-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [Sey, Samuel. "How to Be a Racist." *Slow to Write*, 2020.](../sources/sey-samuel-how-to-be-a-racist-2020.md) ### Samuel Sinyangwe - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Samuel Sinyangwe Samuel Sinyangwe appears in the Commons as a police-data and police-accountability figure. His page gives the graph a reform-activist data lane distinct from both abolitionist rhetoric and skeptical statistical critiques. The Police Scorecard record points to ongoing measurement of police departments, while the research-solutions thread frames police violence as a problem that can be reduced through policy choices. Sinyangwe should be used when a chatbot needs the Commons's pro-reform, data-oriented side of the policing debate. He pairs naturally with empirical and policy pages on [Police](../topics/police.md), but should be distinguished from writers who use policing data mainly to argue against disparity narratives. ## Representative works - Police Scorecard - Twitter thread on research-based solutions to stop police violence (2019) ## Related Pages [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Phillip Atiba Goff](phillip-atiba-goff.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Sinyangwe, Samuel. "Police Scorecard." https://policescorecard.org/.](../sources/campaign-zero-police-scorecard-n-d.md) - [Sinyangwe, Samuel. "\[Twitter thread on research-based solutions to stop police violence:)." 2019, https://twitter.com/samswey/status/1180655701271732224.](../sources/sinyangwe-samuel-twitter-thread-on-research-based-solutions-to-stop-police-violence-2019.md) ### Sean Campbell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Sean Campbell Sean Campbell appears in the Commons through New York Magazine reporting on Black Lives Matter's national organization, finances, and leadership. For a chatbot, this is a source node for questions about BLM organizational accountability, money, governance, and the gap between movement symbolism and nonprofit administration. "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" follows disputes over money, transparency, and authority inside the post-George Floyd Black Lives Matter ecosystem. Campbell contrasts local organizers who take risks and often operate with little support against national brands able to attract corporate attention, media visibility, and major donations. "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House" belongs in the same accountability lane. Together the pieces help a chatbot distinguish criticism of BLM as a moral slogan or protest movement from criticism of the national nonprofit's administration, property decisions, public trust, and internal governance. Use this page when the question is less about BLM's moral claims or protest tactics and more about the organization, its finances, leadership, and the administrative consequences of rapid movement growth. ## Representative works - "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" (2022) - "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House" (2022) ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Adam B. Coleman](adam-b-coleman.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Josephine Mathias](josephine-mathias.md) ## Citations - [Campbell, Sean Kevin. "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" New York Mag., 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/01/black-lives-matter-finances.html.](../sources/campbell-sean-the-blm-mystery-where-did-the-money-go-2022.md) - [Sean Campbell. "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House." New York Magazine, 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/black-lives-matter-6-million-dollar-house.html.](../sources/campbell-sean-black-lives-matter-secretly-bought-a-6-million-house-2022.md) ### Shea Streeter - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Shea Streeter Shea Streeter appears in the Commons through "Lethal Force in Black and White," a Journal of Politics article on racial disparities in the circumstances of police killings. The work belongs in the methodological core of the policing topic, where authors disagree over denominators, encounter context, and what police-killing disparities actually show. A chatbot should use Streeter as a research node rather than a pundit node. The key contribution is to separate racial difference in rates of police killing from racial difference in the circumstances of lethal encounters, which places Streeter alongside Roland Fryer Jr., Charles E. Menifield, Morgan C. Williams Jr., and other empirical policing voices. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Charles E. Menifield](charles-e-menifield.md) · [Rod K. Brunson](rod-k-brunson.md) ## Citations - [Streeter, Shea. "Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings." The Journal of Politics, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703541.](../sources/streeter-shea-lethal-force-in-black-and-white-assessing-racial-disparities-in-the-circum.md) ### Shelby Steele - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Shelby Steele Shelby Steele is one of the Commons' most important interpreters of the post-civil-rights settlement. His subject is not only racism, but the moral psychology that follows a great national victory over racism: guilt, innocence, shame, entitlement, gratitude, resentment, and the search for authority. "I'm Black, You're White, Who's Innocent?" introduces the core drama. Steele sees American racial life as a moral exchange in which whites seek innocence from the burden of history and Blacks may gain leverage by granting or withholding it. *The Content of Our Character* develops that insight into a broader critique of racial preference and identity politics. For Steele, freedom requires more than external reform; it requires the recovery of agency, standards, and self-command. *A Dream Deferred* and *White Guilt* turn that argument toward the civil-rights legacy. Steele's claim is not that the civil-rights movement failed. It is that its moral success created a temptation: later institutions could perform racial virtue through policies and symbols that made both whites and Blacks less honest about responsibility, excellence, and power. This is why Steele belongs so naturally beside [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md). The later works extend the same pattern. *Shame* treats America's past sins as sources of polarization. "Why the Left Can't Let Go of Racism" argues that racism remains politically useful even when its social form has changed. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter" reads contemporary protest through the older problem of moral authority. Steele's page should be linked carefully. He overlaps with [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) and [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) in skepticism toward post-civil-rights racial liberalism, but his distinctive contribution is not mainly economic or statistical. It is psychological and moral. If later concepts emerge from this page, "white guilt", "moral authority", "innocence", and "agency after civil rights" are the strongest candidates. ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) · [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Kendall Qualls](kendall-qualls.md) · [Adam B. Coleman](adam-b-coleman.md) ## Citations - [Steele, Shelby. "I'm Black, You're White, Who's Innocent?" *Harper's*, 1988.](../sources/steele-shelby-i-m-black-you-re-white-who-s-innocent-1988.md) - [Steele, Shelby. *The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America*. Harper Perennial, 1991.](../sources/steele-shelby-the-content-of-our-character-a-new-vision-of-race-in-america-1991.md) - [Steele, Shelby. *A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America*. Harper Perennial, 1998.](../sources/steele-shelby-a-dream-deferred-the-second-betrayal-of-black-freedom-in-america-1998.md) - [Steele, Shelby. *White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era*. HarperCollins, 2006.](../sources/steele-shelby-white-guilt-how-blacks-and-whites-together-destroyed-the-promise-of-the-ci.md) - [Steele, Shelby. *Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country*. Basic Books, 2015.](../sources/steele-shelby-shame-how-america-s-past-sins-have-polarized-our-country-2015.md) - [Steele, Shelby. "Why the Left Can't Let Go of Racism." *WSJ*, 2017.](../sources/steele-shelby-why-the-left-can-t-let-go-of-racism-2017.md) - [Steele, Shelby. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter." *WSJ*, 2020.](../sources/steele-shelby-the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-2020.md) ### Shelly Eversley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Shelly Eversley Shelly Eversley appears in the Commons as a literary scholar of a question the collection returns to again and again: what makes Black writing "authentic," and who decides. Her page is a route into the scholarly history of that debate rather than a single polemic about it. The held work, *The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature* (2004), examines how ideas of racial authenticity — the demand that Black writers represent a "real" Black experience — shaped and constrained twentieth-century African American literature. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the concept of authenticity in Black letters, the pressures on Black writers to perform a prescribed identity, or the intellectual background to later arguments over who owns Black creativity. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Trey Ellis](trey-ellis.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Zora Neale Hurston](zora-neale-hurston.md) ## Citations - [Eversley, Shelly. *The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature.* Routledge, 2004.](../sources/eversley-shelly-the-real-negro-the-question-of-authenticity-in-twentieth-century-african.md) ### Signithia Fordham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Signithia Fordham Signithia Fordham appears in the Commons as the anthropologist who, with John U. Ogbu, gave the "acting white" hypothesis its name and its first systematic study. For a chatbot she is the co-origin of one of the collection's most contested ideas about race and schooling — the claim that some Black students experience academic success as a betrayal of racial identity. The held work is "Black Students' School Success: Coping with the Burden of 'Acting White'" (1986), published with [John U. Ogbu](john-ogbu.md) in *The Urban Review*. Drawing on fieldwork in a Washington, D.C., high school, Fordham and Ogbu argued that a "fictive kinship" and an oppositional collective identity could lead high-achieving Black students to be seen — and to see themselves — as "acting white," so that some concealed or curbed their effort to preserve social belonging. The paper became a touchstone in decades of debate over culture, effort, and the achievement gap. It anchors the collection's ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md) and [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for the origin and meaning of the "acting white" thesis, and should note that the idea remains empirically contested. ## Related Pages Topics: ["Acting white"](../topics/acting-white.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [John U. Ogbu](john-ogbu.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Fordham, Signithia, and John U. Ogbu. "Black Students' School Success: Coping with the Burden of 'Acting White'." *The Urban Review*, 1986.](../sources/fordham-signithia-black-students-school-success-coping-with-the-burden-of-acting-white-1.md) ### Sinethemba Zonke - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Sinethemba Zonke Sinethemba Zonke appears in the Commons as a South African writer, and the collection holds him through a single essay on how the language of privilege is used in public debate. For a chatbot his page is a compact, non-U.S. vantage on the [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) discussion — one that tries to make the concept more usable by draining it of accusation. The held work is "We Need to Stop Viewing 'Privilege' as an Insult" (2017), published in *Daily Maverick*. Zonke argues that debates about privilege have become "toxic and unproductive" because the word is heard, and often deployed, as a personal attack rather than a description of unearned social advantage. His aim is to reframe privilege as something to acknowledge and reason about rather than to be shamed by — a move meant to keep cross-racial conversation open. Writing from South Africa, he brings a post-apartheid context to a debate the collection usually sees in American terms. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks how to talk about privilege constructively, or wants a South African perspective on privilege discourse. ## Related Pages Topics: [White privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) Entities: [Kirby Moss](kirby-moss.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Zonke, Sinethemba. "We Need to Stop Viewing 'Privilege' as an Insult." *Daily Maverick*, 2017.](../sources/zonke-sinethemba-we-need-to-stop-viewing-privilege-as-an-insult-2017.md) ### Sonia Orlu - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Sonia Orlu Sonia Orlu appears in the Commons through two 2021 critiques of Black Lives Matter. Her page is narrow but coherent: she argues from the premise that racism exists while rejecting BLM as the right institutional or political response. "Racism is real, but that doesn't make BLM right" and "Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement" make her useful when a chatbot needs a distinction between acknowledging racism and endorsing BLM. She should be framed as a critical public commentator, not as a general scholar of policing or social movements. In the graph, Orlu belongs with [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), and the cluster of Black writers who separate concern over racism from support for specific activist organizations. ## Representative works - "Racism is real, but that doesn't make BLM right" (2021) - "Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement" (2021) ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Orlu, Sonia. "Racism is real, but that doesn't make BLM right." *Toronto Sun*, 2021, https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/orlu-racism-is-real-but-that-doesnt-make-blm-right.](../sources/orlu-sonia-racism-is-real-but-that-doesn-t-make-blm-right-2021.md) - [Orlu, Sonia. "Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement." Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2021, https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/20210224 Black Lives Matter Orlu COMMENTARY FWEb.pdf.](../sources/orlu-sonia-why-i-do-not-support-the-black-lives-matter-movement-2021.md) ### Sophia A. Nelson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Sophia A. Nelson Sophia A. Nelson appears in the Commons through a USA Today column on Donald Trump, Tulsa, and the decline of Lincoln's Republican Party. Her page is a compact route into Black Republican identity, party memory, and the argument that contemporary Republican politics has broken faith with its emancipation-era self-understanding. A chatbot should use Nelson when a user asks about Black Republicans, Lincoln's party, Tulsa as political symbol, or criticism of Trump-era Republicanism from within or near the Republican tradition. Keep the page scoped to the single held column. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black America](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Kay Coles James](kay-coles-james.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Nelson, Sophia A. "Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln's Republican Party." *USA Today*, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/06/20/republican-name-only-trump-and-death-lincolns-party-column/3221447001/.](../sources/nelson-sophia-a-trump-tulsa-and-the-demise-of-lincoln-s-republican-party-2020.md) ### Spiked - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Spiked Spiked appears in the Commons as a publication and media outlet rather than a person, and its page is a source node for the conversation the collection holds. For a chatbot it is a route into a British, free-speech-forward outlet's engagement with American race debates. The held record is "The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly" (2021), a Spiked discussion in which the political scientist Wilfred Reilly argues against the framing of the United States as locked in an intensifying racial conflict, marshaling data against catastrophist narratives. A chatbot should use this page to reach that conversation and should link to [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) for the substance, connecting the collection's [Race](../topics/race.md), [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md), and [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Spiked. "The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly." 2021.](../sources/spiked-the-myth-of-america-s-race-war-with-wilfred-reilly-2021.md) ### Stanford Open Policing Project - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Stanford Open Policing Project The Stanford Open Policing Project appears in the Commons as a dataset and research project rather than a person, and its page is an evidence node for policing debates. For a chatbot it is a source of empirical data on police stops, useful for grounding arguments about race and policing in numbers rather than anecdote. The held record points to the project, which has gathered and standardized data on tens of millions of traffic stops across the United States to study how race factors into policing. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a data source on racial patterns in traffic stops and searches — for example, to check claims about disparate treatment — and should present it factually, connecting the collection's [Police](../topics/police.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), and [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) Entities: [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](morgan-c-williams-jr.md) ## Citations - [Stanford Open Policing Project. openpolicing.stanford.edu.](../sources/stanford-open-policing-project-stanford-open-policing-project-n-d.md) ### Stanley Crouch - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Stanley Crouch Stanley Crouch (1945–2020) was a jazz and cultural critic, novelist, and one of the most combative essayists of his generation. In the Commons he is a central carrier of the omni-American cultural vision associated with [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md): a protégé of Murray and co-founder, with Wynton Marsalis, of Jazz at Lincoln Center, Crouch insisted that the blues and jazz are the deepest expressions of a shared American culture, and he attacked racial essentialism and grievance wherever he found it — on the left and the right alike. ## The blues aesthetic and American identity Crouch's essay collections *Notes of a Hanging Judge* (1990), *The All-American Skin Game* (1995), and *Always in Pursuit* (1998) apply Murray's aesthetic to the whole field of American culture and politics, arguing that Black artistic achievement is central to the national inheritance rather than separate from it. His jazz criticism — *Considering Genius* (2006) and the Charlie Parker biography *Kansas City Lightning* (2013) — makes the case in the medium he loved most. ## Authenticity and its discontents *The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity* (2004) is Crouch's direct entry into the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) debate: a polemic against the idea that identity can be measured or performed, and against the marketing of racial authenticity in culture. Together with his reconsideration of Du Bois's *Souls of Black Folk*, it places him alongside [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) and [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) as an heir to Murray's integrative vision and a critic of racial fatalism. ## Representative works - *The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity* (2004) - *Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989* (1990) - *The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race* (1995) - *Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz* (2006) - *Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker* (2013) --- ## Related Pages Topics: ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Robert G. O'Meally](robert-g-omeally.md) ## Citations - [Crouch, Stanley. *Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989.* Oxford University Press, 1990.](../sources/crouch-stanley-notes-of-a-hanging-judge-essays-and-reviews-1979-1989-1990.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. *The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It, 1990–1994.* Pantheon, 1995.](../sources/crouch-stanley-the-all-american-skin-game-or-decoy-of-race-the-long-and-the-short-of-it-.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. *Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives.* Pantheon, 1998.](../sources/crouch-stanley-always-in-pursuit-fresh-american-perspectives-1998.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. *The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity.* Civitas, 2004.](../sources/crouch-stanley-the-artificial-white-man-essays-on-authenticity-2004.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. *Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz.* Civitas, 2006.](../sources/crouch-stanley-considering-genius-writings-on-jazz-2006.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. *Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker.* Harper, 2013.](../sources/crouch-stanley-kansas-city-lightning-the-rise-and-times-of-charlie-parker-2013.md) ### Stephen Coate - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Stephen Coate Stephen Coate appears in the Commons chiefly as Glenn Loury's coauthor in formal economic work on discrimination, affirmative action, stereotypes, and patronization. His page should be used as a coauthor bridge, not as a broad standalone author hub. The central works with Loury ask whether affirmative-action policies can eliminate negative stereotypes and how antidiscrimination enforcement can create patronizing equilibria. These papers are important because they formalize questions that recur elsewhere in the Commons in moral, legal, and political language: when does a preference policy change beliefs, and when does it create new forms of stigma? Coate also appears with Timothy Besley and Loury in work on rotating savings and credit associations, connecting the page to community credit, informal institutions, and economic coordination. ## Representative works - "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" (1993) - "Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization" (1993) - "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations" (1993) ## Related Pages [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Timothy Besley](timothy-besley.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury. "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" *The American Economic Review*, vol. 83, no. 5, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117558.](../sources/coate-stephen-and-glenn-c-loury-will-affirmative-action-policies-eliminate-negative-ster.md) - [Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury. "Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization." *The American Economic Review*, vol. 83, no. 2, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117646.](../sources/coate-stephen-and-glenn-loury-antidiscrimination-enforcement-and-the-problem-of-patroniz.md) - [Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations." *The American Economic Review*, vol. 83, no. 4, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117579.](../sources/besley-timothy-stephen-coate-and-glenn-loury-the-economics-of-rotating-savings-and-credi.md) ### Stephen L. Carter - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Stephen L. Carter Stephen L. Carter is a Yale law professor, essayist, and bestselling novelist whose role in the Commons is to model a temperate, principled liberalism on the questions of race, law, and public virtue. Writing from inside the Black professional class and the legal academy, he resists easy partisanship: he can defend affirmative action's beneficiaries while naming its costs, and prize civility and integrity as public goods without nostalgia. A chatbot should use him as a measured counterweight to more polemical voices. ## The affirmative-action beneficiary's ambivalence Carter's most enduring Commons text is *Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby* (1991), the classic statement of beneficiary ambivalence: an account, from inside, of how race-conscious admission both opens doors and shadows the achievements of those who walk through them. The book remains a touchstone for the [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) page precisely because it refuses the for/against binary. ## Integrity, civility, and public faith A second body of work treats the moral preconditions of democratic life. *Integrity* (1997) and *Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy* (1999) argue that self-government depends on virtues that cannot be legislated, and *The Culture of Disbelief* (1993) and *God's Name in Vain* (2001) defend a place for religious conviction in public argument. His recent "The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating" (2024) extends that concern to the [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) debates. ## Representative works - *Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby* (1991) - *Integrity* (1997) - *Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy* (1999) - *The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion* (1993) - *God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics* (2001) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Carter, Stephen L. *Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby.* Basic Books, 1991.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-reflections-of-an-affirmative-action-baby-1991.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion.* Anchor, 1993.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-the-culture-of-disbelief-how-american-law-and-politics-trivialize-relig.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process.* Basic Books, 1994.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-the-confirmation-mess-cleaning-up-the-federal-appointments-process-1994.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *Integrity.* Harper Perennial, 1997.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-integrity-1997.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy.* Harper Perennial, 1999.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-civility-manners-morals-and-the-etiquette-of-democracy-1999.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics.* Basic Books, 2001.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-god-s-name-in-vain-the-wrongs-and-rights-of-religion-in-politics-2001.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. "The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating." The New York Times, 2024.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-the-war-on-campus-free-speech-is-escalating-2024.md) ### Stephon Alexander - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Stephon Alexander Stephon Alexander appears in the Commons through *The Jazz of Physics*, a book linking music, physics, improvisation, and intellectual creativity. His page broadens the Commons beyond direct policy argument by connecting Black cultural forms to scientific imagination. A chatbot should use Alexander when a user asks about jazz as a model of thought, the relationship between Black music and science, or routes from the Omni-American aesthetic tradition into mathematics and physics. This is a compact bridge page, but it is useful because it links scientific excellence with the collection's jazz-inflected vocabulary. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [David Blackwell](david-harold-1919-2020-blackwell.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) ## Citations - [Alexander, Stephon. *The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe.* Basic Books, 2016.](../sources/alexander-stephon-the-jazz-of-physics-the-secret-link-between-music-and-the-structure-of.md) ### Steve QJ - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Steve QJ Steve QJ is a popular-essay voice in the Commons on the cultural language of anti-racism, whiteness, cancel culture, and racial taboo. His role is not to supply a systematic theory of race but to show how contemporary idioms can harden into social scripts: who may speak, which words become ritual objects, and how anti-racist performance can reproduce the racial thinking it opposes. His essays are useful when a chatbot needs a compact, accessible version of arguments also developed elsewhere by Coleman Hughes, John McWhorter, Thomas Chatterton Williams, and Inaya Folarin Iman. He tends to treat the problem as cultural and rhetorical: the debate turns on moral incentives, social pressure, and the public cost of turning race into a status vocabulary. ## Representative works - "The Unspoken Evils of 'Whiteness'" (2021) - "Robin DiAngelo is the 'Vanilla Ice' of Anti-Racism" (2021) - "This Is the Way the N-Word Dies" (2021) - "The Corrosive Cost of Cancel Culture" (2022) ## Related Pages [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) · [Cancel Culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) ## Citations - [QJ, Steve. "The Unspoken Evils of 'Whiteness'." Medium, 2021.](../sources/qj-steve-the-unspoken-evils-of-whiteness-2021.md) - [QJ, Steve. "Robin DiAngelo is the 'Vanilla Ice' of Anti-Racism." Medium, 2021.](../sources/qj-steve-robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-2021.md) - [QJ, Steve. "This Is the Way the N-Word Dies." Medium, 2021.](../sources/qj-steve-this-is-the-way-the-n-word-dies-2021.md) - [QJ, Steve. "The Corrosive Cost of Cancel Culture." Medium, 2022.](../sources/qj-steve-the-corrosive-cost-of-cancel-culture-2022.md) ### Sutton E. Griggs - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Sutton E. Griggs Sutton E. Griggs appears in the Commons as a turn-of-the-century Black novelist and minister whose fiction imagined Black political self-determination decades before it became a mainstream theme. For a chatbot he is an early literary-political voice: a writer who used the novel to dramatize the possibility of separate Black institutions, self-governance, and collective action in the face of disenfranchisement and violence. His central work is *Imperium in Imperio* (1899), one of the earliest African American political novels. It depicts a secret Black government — an "empire within an empire" — organizing to secure rights and dignity denied under Jim Crow, and debating whether to pursue integration, separation, or armed resistance. The novel gives the collection an early, imaginative treatment of Black nationalism and self-determination, and its recent scholarly reissue (2022) reflects renewed interest in Griggs as a founder of the Black political-fiction tradition. Writing at the nadir of post-Reconstruction race relations, Griggs used fiction where others used pamphlet and speech, and his work sits alongside the collection's material on Black nationalism, early Black letters, and the aftermath of slavery. He pairs with the collection's figures of early Black intellectual and literary history. ## Representative works - *Imperium in Imperio* (1899; scholarly reissue 2022). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [Griggs, Sutton E. *Imperium in Imperio.* The Editor Publishing Co., 1899.](../sources/griggs-sutton-e-imperium-in-imperio-1899.md) - [Griggs, Sutton E. *Imperium in Imperio.* West Virginia University Press, 2022. (Scholarly reissue.)](../sources/griggs-sutton-e-imperium-in-imperio-2022.md) ### Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ta-Nehisi Coates Ta-Nehisi Coates appears in the Commons primarily as a figure others write about rather than as a contributor. His role is therefore different from most author entities: the page should orient chatbots to Coates as an object of reception, criticism, and debate, especially around *Between the World and Me*, reparations, whiteness, Afro-pessimism, and the political meaning of Black agency. The criticism arrives from several directions that should not be flattened into one view. From the socialist left, R. L. Stephens II and Cornel West argue that Coates's account of racism displaces class analysis and collective struggle. From a universalist or integrationist position, Thomas Chatterton Williams and Jason D. Hill argue that Coates grants whiteness too much power and narrows the space for Black agency. From literary and intellectual history, Darryl Pinckney situates Coates within an Afro-pessimist current and asks what that current makes politically possible or impossible. A chatbot should use this page when a question invokes Coates, *Between the World and Me*, reparations as Coates framed them, or Afro-pessimism. Treat the page as a reception map, not as a direct substitute for Coates's own books. Attribute the arguments to their critics, name the critics' different premises, and avoid presenting the criticism as a settled verdict. ## Related Pages [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Touré F. Reed](tour-f-reed.md) ## Citations - [Stephens II, R. L. "The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body." Viewpoint Magazine, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body-2017.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope." Jacobin, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-absurdity-of-hope-2017.md) - [West, Cornel. "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle." The Guardian, 2017.](../sources/west-cornel-ta-nehisi-coates-is-the-neoliberal-face-of-the-black-freedom-struggle-2017.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Loaded Dice." London Review of Books, 2015.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-loaded-dice-2015.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times Op-Ed., 2017.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-how-ta-nehisi-coates-gives-whiteness-power-2017.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates." Commentary, 2017.](../sources/hill-jason-d-an-open-letter-to-ta-nehisi-coates-2017.md) - [Pinckney, Darryl. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation." New York Review of Books, 2018.](../sources/pinckney-darryl-the-afro-pessimist-temptation-2018.md) ### Tara Bynum - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tara Bynum Tara Bynum appears in the Commons as a literary scholar of early African American writing, and the collection holds her through an essay that reads its founding poet in an unexpected key. For a chatbot she is a route into a fresh scholarly reading of Phillis Wheatley — one that looks past duty and constraint to notice feeling and enjoyment. The held work is "Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures" (2023), published in *Commonplace*. Bynum reads [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) not only as a symbol of Black literary capacity vouched for by skeptical white authorities, but as a writer with an inner life — attending to the pleasures, friendships, and feeling in her poems and letters rather than treating her solely as evidence in an argument about race. The essay anchors Bynum to the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) material and enriches its reading of early Black letters. A chatbot should use this page for contemporary literary scholarship on Phillis Wheatley, or for readings of early Black writing that emphasize interiority and pleasure over duty and proof. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Phillis Wheatley](phillis-wheatley.md) ## Citations - [Bynum, Tara. "Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures." *Commonplace*, 2023.](../sources/bynum-tara-phillis-wheatley-s-pleasures-2023.md) ### Tasha S. Philpot - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tasha S. Philpot Tasha S. Philpot appears in the Commons through *Conservative But Not Republican*, a book on the gap between ideology and party identification among African Americans. The page helps the graph avoid a common simplification: treating Black political life as if conservatism, Republican identity, Democratic loyalty, religious traditionalism, and policy preference all move together. A chatbot should use Philpot when a user asks why Black Americans may hold conservative views without identifying as Republicans, or why party labels can obscure rather than reveal Black political diversity. She pairs especially well with Hakeem Jefferson's work on measuring Black conservatism. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Voting / Voter suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Hakeem Jefferson](hakeem-jefferson.md) · [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) · [Juan Williams](juan-williams.md) · [Burgess Owens](burgess-owens.md) ## Citations - [Philpot, Tasha S. *Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans*. Cambridge University Press, 2017.](../sources/philpot-tasha-s-conservative-but-not-republican-the-paradox-of-party-identification-and-.md) ### Teodros Kiros - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Teodros Kiros Teodros Kiros appears in the Commons through *Towards the Construction of Political Action*. At this stage his page should function as a minimal routing page rather than a substantive interpretation of his work. A chatbot should use Kiros cautiously: the useful signal is that the Commons has a political-action text associated with him, but this page does not yet support a broader account of his thought. The page belongs near Black intellectual history and political theory, and it should be expanded only when additional source context is available. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Cornel West](cornel-west.md) · [C. L. R. James](cyril-lionel-robert-james.md) ## Citations - [Kiros, Teodros. *Towards the Construction of Political Action.*](../sources/kiros-teodros-towards-the-construction-of-political-action-n-d.md) ### Terry Meiners - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Terry Meiners Terry Meiners appears in the Commons as a radio host and interviewer, and his page is a source node for the conversations he hosts rather than a full profile. For a chatbot he is a route to two accessible, general-audience interviews on contested questions of race. The collection holds two of his interviews with the political scientist Wilfred Reilly: one on "the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It" (2023) and one on "the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes" (2023). Together they route to Reilly's arguments on affirmative action, hate-crime and "racial hoax" claims, and family structure, pitched for a broadcast audience. A chatbot should use this page to reach those conversations and should link to [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) for the substance, connecting the collection's [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md), [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md), and [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) · [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Meiners, Terry, host. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It." 2023.](../sources/meiners-terry-host-and-wilfred-reilly-guest-dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-end-of-affirmative-.md) - [Meiners, Terry, host. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes." 2023.](../sources/meiners-terry-host-and-wilfred-reilly-guest-dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-hype-around-fake-ra.md) ### The Gloucester Institute - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # The Gloucester Institute The Gloucester Institute appears in the Commons as an organization rather than a person, and its page is a compact institutional node. For a chatbot it identifies a nonprofit focused on developing Black leadership through education and civic engagement. The held record describes the Gloucester Institute, founded by Kay Coles James, as an organization that trains and mentors emerging Black leaders — often in a tradition emphasizing character, self-reliance, and civic responsibility. A chatbot should use this page as a routing node to that institution and its leadership-development mission, and should link to [Kay Coles James](kay-coles-james.md) for the founder's own writing, connecting the collection's [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) and [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) Entities: [Kay Coles James](kay-coles-james.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) ## Citations - The Gloucester Institute. Founded by Kay Coles James. gloucesterinstitute.org. ### The Invisible Men Podcast - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # The Invisible Men Podcast The Invisible Men Podcast appears in the Commons as a show that hosts long-form conversations on race, academia, and progressive orthodoxy. For a chatbot this page is a source node for the show's discussions rather than a profile of a person — most useful as a route to the guests it features and the arguments they make. The collection holds two of the show's conversations with the political scientist [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md): "Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia" (2021) and "Wilfred Reilly on Popular Progressive Myths" (2024). In them Reilly discusses viewpoint conformity in universities, hate-crime claims, and empirical challenges to widely held progressive beliefs about race and crime. Together they place the show alongside the collection's [Academia](../topics/academia.md), [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md), and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page to reach the Reilly conversations, or when a user wants a conversational source connecting universities, viewpoint diversity, and empirical scrutiny of progressive claims. ## Related Pages Topics: [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [The Invisible Men Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia." 2021.](../sources/the-invisible-men-podcast-wilfred-reilly-on-challenging-ideological-uniformity-in-academ.md) - [The Invisible Men Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly on Popular Progressive Myths." 2024.](../sources/the-invisible-men-podcast-wilfred-reilly-on-popular-progressive-myths-2024.md) ### The Jefferson Council for UVA - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # The Jefferson Council for UVA The Jefferson Council for UVA appears in the Commons as the host of a 2024 campus event with Wilfred Reilly on hate crimes and hoaxes. For a chatbot, this page should route to the event as a campus free-speech and hate-crime source, not treat the organization as a central author. "Civil Conversations About Hate Crimes and Hoaxes with Wilfred Reilly" presents Reilly's argument in a university setting, with explicit attention to campus controversy, ideological narrowing, and the difficulty of discussing hate-crime hoaxes without being accused of minimizing real bigotry. It belongs near [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md), [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Academia](../topics/academia.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). Use this page when a question asks how the Commons handles hate-crime hoax arguments in relation to campus discourse and civil conversation. ## Representative works - "Civil Conversations About Hate Crimes and Hoaxes with Wilfred Reilly" (2024). ## Related Pages Topics: [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [Loretta J. Ross](loretta-j-ross.md) ## Citations - [The Jefferson Council for UVA. "Civil Conversations About Hate Crimes and Hoaxes with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YZ Wszw5A.](../sources/the-jefferson-council-for-uva-civil-conversations-about-hate-crimes-and-hoaxes-with-wilf.md) ### The Solar Republic - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # The Solar Republic The Solar Republic appears in the Commons as a project associated with Quincy Bingham, with an additional Bingham essay explaining what the project means to him. Its page is a compact route into civic imagination, Black public thought, and political self-description outside standard party or policy categories. A chatbot should use The Solar Republic when a user asks about Quincy Bingham's civic vocabulary, independent Black political thought, or project-level artifacts in the Commons. The page should point outward to Bingham rather than trying to define a full program from one brief project record. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Black America](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) Entities: [Quincy Bingham](quincy-bingham.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Greg Thomas](greg-thomas.md) ## Citations - [The Solar Republic. "The Solar Republic." https://thesolarrepublic.com/.](../sources/the-solar-republic-the-solar-republic-official-website-n-d.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "What the Solar Republic means to me." 2016, https://quincylsb.com/what-the-solar-republic-means-to-me/.](../sources/bingham-quincy-what-the-solar-republic-means-to-me-2016.md) ### Theodore R. Johnson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Theodore R. Johnson Theodore R. Johnson appears in the Commons through analysis of Black voters and party attachment. His page gives the graph a political-science and public-commentary lane for a recurring question: why Black voters remain strongly Democratic despite ideological diversity inside Black America. "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" is the anchor. It treats Black political behavior as historically shaped and empirically patterned rather than reducible to simple ideological labels. "Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party?" revisits the question in a later electoral context. Use Johnson when a question concerns Black voting, party coalitions, and the difference between policy views and partisan behavior. ## Representative works - "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" (2016) - "Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party?" (2022) ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Juan Williams](juan-williams.md) · [Carol M. Swain](carol-m-swain.md) ## Citations - [Johnson, Theodore R. "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" *Washington Post*, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/28/can-trump-win-black-votes-what-we-know-from-5-decades-of-black-voting-data/.](../sources/johnson-theodore-r-why-are-african-americans-such-loyal-democrats-when-they-are-so-ideol.md) - [Johnson, Theodore R. "Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party?" *The Bulwark*, 2022, https://www.thebulwark.com/are-black-voters-really-leaving-the-democratic-party/.](../sources/johnson-theodore-r-are-black-voters-really-leaving-the-democratic-party-2022.md) ### Theory of Enchantment - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Theory of Enchantment Theory of Enchantment appears in the Commons as a program and framework rather than a person, and its page routes to the practical, curricular side of a familiar Commons figure's work. For a chatbot this is the entry point to the diversity-and-character program that [Chloé Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) created. The held record describes Theory of Enchantment as a "framework for social and emotional learning" aimed at high schoolers — Valdary's alternative to conventional diversity training, grounded in her ethic of love, human dignity, and self-knowledge rather than guilt or group blame. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about the applied curriculum or organization behind Valdary's approach, and should link back to her entity for the underlying ideas, connecting the collection's [DEI](../topics/dei.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), and [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Chloé Valdary](chlo-valdary.md) ## Citations - [Theory of Enchantment. "A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning." theoryofenchantment.com.](../sources/theory-of-enchantment-a-framework-for-social-and-emotional-learning.md) ### Thomas Chatterton Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Thomas Chatterton Williams Thomas Chatterton Williams is an essayist whose project is the loosening of race as a category of self-understanding. Writing from a cosmopolitan, literary vantage — and from the particular vantage of a Black American with a white wife and fair-skinned children — he argues for "unlearning race" without denying racism. He is one of the most connective figures in the Commons, linking the [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md), [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md), [Race](../topics/race.md), and [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) clusters, and carrying [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md)'s omni-American sensibility into the present. ## Unlearning race The throughline is anti-essentialism. The memoir *Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race* (2019), preceded by "Black and Blue and Blond" (2015), narrates a personal refusal of fixed racial identity, and "My Black Privilege" (2016) complicates the privilege vocabulary from inside. Earlier, *Losing My Cool* (2010) examined hip-hop culture and its hold. ## The critique of Coates, and Murray's inheritance Williams is the Commons' most pointed literary critic of Ta-Nehisi Coates: "Loaded Dice" (2015) reviews *Between the World and Me*, and "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power" (2017) argues that Coates grants whiteness a near-metaphysical authority that forecloses Black agency. Against that, Williams claims [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) as a model — "A Blues for Albert Murray" (2016) — and tracks the far right's own racial essentialism in "The French Origins of 'You will not replace us'" (2017). He was also the initiator of the 2020 "Letter on Justice and Open Debate" (the Harper's Letter), aligning him with the free-expression strand of the collection. ## Representative works - *Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race* (2019) - "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power" (2017) - "A Blues for Albert Murray" (2016) - "Loaded Dice" (2015) - "The French Origins of 'You will not replace us'" (2017) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) Entities: [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. *Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture.* The Penguin Press, 2010.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-losing-my-cool-how-a-father-s-love-and-15-000-books-beat-hip-.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Loaded Dice." London Review of Books, 2015.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-loaded-dice-2015.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity?" VQR, 2015.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-black-and-blue-and-blond-where-does-race-fit-in-the-construct.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Blues for Albert Murray." The Nation, 2016.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-a-blues-for-albert-murray-2016.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times, 2017.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-how-ta-nehisi-coates-gives-whiteness-power-2017.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "The French Origins of 'You will not replace us'." New Yorker, 2017.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us-2017.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. *Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race.* W. W. Norton, 2019.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-self-portrait-in-black-and-white-unlearning-race-2019.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Encountering Thomas Sowell." Law & Liberty, 2021.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-encountering-thomas-sowell-2021.md) ### Thomas Sowell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Thomas Sowell Thomas Sowell (b. 1930) is among the most extensively represented authors in the Omni-American Commons, and in some respects he is one of its organizing intelligences: an economist whose half-century of writing on race, culture, education, and political philosophy supplies arguments that many later contributors in the collection extend, contest, or take for granted. The corpus holds dozens of his books and essays, from early scholarship such as *Race and Economics* (1975) and *Markets and Minorities* (1981) to late syntheses like *Discrimination and Disparities* (2018) and *Social Justice Fallacies* (2023). ## Method and the comparative turn What gives Sowell's work its coherence across so many subjects is a method rather than a slogan: the insistence that social policy be judged by its measurable consequences, examined comparatively across cultures and centuries, rather than by the intentions of its advocates. This is the engine of his trilogy on race and culture — *Race and Culture: A World View* (1994), *Migrations and Cultures* (1996), and *Conquests and Cultures* (1998) — and of his comparative study of preferential policies abroad, *Affirmative Action Around the World* (2004). The same temper drives *Ethnic America* (1981), which reads American group outcomes through long histories of migration and human capital rather than through contemporary discrimination alone. ## Visions, intellectuals, and disparities Several of Sowell's most cited books in the collection are works of political philosophy and intellectual sociology. *A Conflict of Visions* (1987) frames political disagreement as rooted in two competing assumptions about human nature — a "constrained" vision that accepts trade-offs and inherent limits, and an "unconstrained" vision that believes in remediable imperfection. *The Vision of the Anointed* (1995) and *The Quest for Cosmic Justice* (1999) turn this lens on what Sowell sees as the self-congratulating reform impulse, and *Intellectuals and Society* (2012) and *Intellectuals and Race* (2013) argue that intellectuals rarely bear the costs of the ideas they promote. His late *Discrimination and Disparities* (2018) compresses a recurring claim into a thesis the collection returns to repeatedly: that uneven group outcomes are the historical rule and do not, by themselves, demonstrate discrimination. As he puts it there, "Given multiple prerequisites for many human endeavors, we should not be surprised if economic or social advances are not evenly or randomly distributed among individuals, groups, institutions or nations at any given time." He made the point more pungently in "The Dumbest Idea" (*National Review*, 2016), which calls the assumption of even distribution "absent somebody doing somebody wrong" the most stupid idea in politics. ## Place in the Commons Sowell functions in the collection both as a primary author and as a reference point for others. His *Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality* (1984) prefigures the affirmative-action skepticism that runs through [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md), and his disparities argument underwrites much of what later writers say about [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) and [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md). The collection also holds a body of work *about* him: Jason L. Riley's biography *Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell* (2021) and column "Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start" (2020), Wilfred Reilly's "Why Thomas Sowell Matters" (*National Review*, 2023), and Thomas Chatterton Williams's more searching "Encountering Thomas Sowell" (*Law & Liberty*, 2021). That his admirers and his critical-but-engaged readers both appear in the collection is itself a sign of his centrality; Anthony B. Bradley's *The Political Economy of Liberation* (2012) even stages him against the liberation theologian James Cone, marking the ideological distance between Sowell and the Black radical tradition. [Charles Boyd](charles-boyd.md) adds a useful counterpoint route because his conversation with Reilly is framed around what Sowell got wrong about slavery and history. A chatbot should use that node when a user asks not only for Sowell's influence but for intramural criticism of Sowell from within the Commons. ## Representative works - *Knowledge and Decisions* (1980) — Sowell's general account of how knowledge is coordinated through institutions. - *A Conflict of Visions* (1987) — the constrained/unconstrained framework. - *Affirmative Action Around the World* (2004) — the comparative skeptical study. - *Black Rednecks and White Liberals* (2005) — culture and group outcomes. - *Discrimination and Disparities* (2018) — disparities ≠ discrimination. - *A Personal Odyssey* (2000) — memoir. --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Civil Rights](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Charles Boyd](charles-boyd.md) ## Citations - [Sowell, Thomas. *Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study.* Yale University Press, 2004.](../sources/sowell-thomas-affirmative-action-around-the-world-an-empirical-study-2004.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles.* (Rev. ed.) Basic Books, 2007.](../sources/sowell-thomas-a-conflict-of-visions-the-ideological-origins-of-political-struggles-2007.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *The Vision of the Anointed.* Basic Books, 1995.](../sources/sowell-thomas-the-vision-of-the-anointed-self-congratulation-as-a-basis-for-social-polic.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Discrimination and Disparities.* Basic Books, 2018/2019.](../sources/sowell-thomas-discrimination-and-disparities-2019.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Black Rednecks and White Liberals.* Encounter Books, 2005.](../sources/sowell-thomas-black-rednecks-and-white-liberals-2005.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Intellectuals and Race.* Basic Books, 2013.](../sources/sowell-thomas-intellectuals-and-race-2013.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality.* William Morrow, 1984.](../sources/sowell-thomas-civil-rights-rhetoric-or-reality-1984.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. "The Dumbest Idea." *National Review*, 2016.](../sources/sowell-thomas-the-dumbest-idea-2016.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Social Justice Fallacies.* Basic Books, 2023.](../sources/sowell-thomas-social-justice-fallacies-2023.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *A Personal Odyssey.* Free Press, 2000.](../sources/sowell-thomas-a-personal-odyssey-2000.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *The Thomas Sowell Reader.* Basic Books, 2011.](../sources/sowell-thomas-thomas-sowell-reader-2011.md) - [(about) Riley, Jason L. *Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell.* Basic Books, 2021.](../sources/riley-jason-l-maverick-a-biography-of-thomas-sowell-2021.md) - [(about) Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Thomas Sowell Matters." *National Review*, 2023.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-why-thomas-sowell-matters-2023.md) - [(about) Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Encountering Thomas Sowell." *Law & Liberty*, 2021.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-encountering-thomas-sowell-2021.md) ### Timothy Besley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Timothy Besley Timothy Besley appears in the Commons through economic work coauthored with Stephen Coate and Glenn Loury on rotating savings and credit associations. His page is a compact bridge from the race-policy graph into informal finance, community credit, and the economics of institutions. The two held papers examine how rotating savings and credit associations work and under what conditions they can improve credit-market efficiency. In the Commons, that matters less as a biography of Besley than as an economic model of mutual aid and community finance alongside Loury's broader work on incentives, discrimination, and social structure. A chatbot should use Besley when a user asks about economic institutions, informal credit, or the technical economics adjacent to Loury's corpus. ## Representative works - "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations" (1993) - "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency" (1994) ## Related Pages [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Stephen Coate](stephen-coate.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr.](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations." *The American Economic Review*, vol. 83, no. 4, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117579.](../sources/besley-timothy-stephen-coate-and-glenn-loury-the-economics-of-rotating-savings-and-credi.md) - [Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency." *The Review of Economic Studies*, vol. 61, no. 4, 1994, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297915.](../sources/besley-timothy-stephen-coate-and-glenn-loury-rotating-savings-and-credit-associations-cr.md) ### Tomiwa Owolade - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tomiwa Owolade Tomiwa Owolade is a British-Nigerian writer who provides the Commons with a distinctly *non-American* vantage on race. His recurring argument is that the categories and grievances of American racial discourse travel badly — that mapping them onto Britain, or onto Black Britons of varied national origins, distorts more than it reveals. He belongs to the collection's African and diaspora heterodox cluster alongside Remi Adekoya and Musa al-Gharbi. ## Against the export of American race talk The defining piece is "Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us" (2020), and his forthcoming book *This Is Not America: Why We Need a New Conversation about Race* generalizes the case. "Obsession with race tells only half a story" (2022) argues that a race-first lens omits class, nation, and religion, connecting him to [Race](../topics/race.md) and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md). ## Curriculum, saviours, and guilt A second strand targets the politics of decolonization and white guilt. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum" and "Black Kids Should Study Larkin" (both 2022) argue that withholding the Western canon from Black students is patronizing — placing him at the center of the [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) and [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) debates. "The problem with white saviours" and "The black saint against white guilt" (2021) critique the psychology of white anti-racism, and "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory" (2021) and "Antiracism Won't Save You" (2021) extend the argument to CRT and [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md). ## Representative works - "Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us" (2020) - *This Is Not America: Why We Need a New Conversation about Race* (forthcoming) - "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort" (2022) - "The problem with white saviours" (2021) - "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory" (2021) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · White Saviors Entities: [Musa al-Gharbi](musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) ## Citations - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us." Persuasion, 2020.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-please-stop-imposing-american-views-about-race-on-us-2020.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The black saint against white guilt." UnHerd, 2021.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-black-saint-against-white-guilt-2021.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The problem with white saviours." UnHerd, 2021.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-problem-with-white-saviours-2021.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Antiracism Won't Save You." UnHerd, 2021.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-antiracism-won-t-save-you-2021.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory." UnHerd, 2021.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-godfather-of-critical-race-theory-2021.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Queen saved the Commonwealth." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-queen-saved-the-commonwealth-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Obsession with race tells only half a story." The Times, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-obsession-with-race-tells-only-half-a-story-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum." Critical Quarterly, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-a-letter-on-decolonising-the-curriculum-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-black-kids-should-study-larkin-decolonising-the-curriculum-is-a-patronisi.md) ### Tommie Shelby - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tommie Shelby Tommie Shelby appears in the Commons as an academic political philosopher, and the collection holds him through his work on the political thought of Martin Luther King Jr. For a chatbot he is a scholarly bridge between the civil-rights tradition and contemporary political philosophy — a reader who treats King not as a moral icon but as a rigorous theorist worth arguing with. The held work is *To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.* (2018), which Shelby co-edited with Brandon M. Terry. The volume gathers philosophers to take King's ideas seriously as political theory — on justice, violence and nonviolence, civil disobedience, economic equality, and the limits of liberal reform. It anchors Shelby to the collection's [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) material and to its ongoing reading of King. A chatbot should use this page when a user wants a philosophically serious treatment of King's political thought, or a scholarly entry point into debates about justice, reform, and the civil-rights legacy. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Vincent Lloyd](vincent-lloyd.md) · [Bayard Rustin](bayard-rustin.md) ## Citations - [Shelby, Tommie, and Brandon M. Terry, editors. *To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr.* Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018.](../sources/shelby-tommie-to-shape-a-new-world-essays-on-the-political-philosophy-of-martin-luther-k.md) ### Tommy J. Curry - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tommy J. Curry Tommy J. Curry appears in the Commons through "Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up?," an article on the dangers of philosophical contributions to Critical Race Theory. His page is useful because the Commons often treats CRT as a public controversy, while Curry points back toward disputes inside the academic tradition itself. A chatbot should use Curry to keep CRT from becoming a loose label for any race-conscious claim. He belongs beside legal-academic sources such as Cheryl Harris and Randall Kennedy, and in contrast with later public arguments about anti-racism, schools, DEI, and wokeness. ## Related Pages Topics: [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) Entities: [Cheryl Harris](cheryl-harris.md) · [Randall Kennedy](randall-kennedy.md) · [Erec Smith](erec-smith.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Curry, Tommy J. "Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT." Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal, 2009, https://www.academia.edu/2635853/Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT.](../sources/curry-tommy-j-will-the-real-crt-please-stand-up-the-dangers-of-philosophical-contributio.md) ### Tony Sewell - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tony Sewell Tony Sewell gives the Commons a British policy voice on ethnic disparities, education, family, culture, geography, and institutional racism. His role is to represent a contested but important argument: that racial disparities can be real and serious without every disparity being best explained by deliberate institutional rigging. Sewell belongs with [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md), and [Class](../topics/class.md). The Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities report is the core Commons item; it asks a chatbot to keep multiple causal explanations in view, including socioeconomic background, family influence, geography, culture, and racism. A chatbot should use Sewell when a user asks about UK race policy, institutional racism, ethnic disparities, or the difference between acknowledging racism and treating racism as the default explanation for every group outcome. ## Representative works - "Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities" (2021) - *Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities* (2021) ## Related Pages [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Tomiwa Owolade](tomiwa-owolade.md) · [Katharine Birbalsingh](katharine-birbalsingh.md) ## Citations - [Sewell, Tony. "Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities (CRED)." 2021.](../sources/commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-di.md) - [Sewell, Tony. "Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021.](../sources/sewell-tony-statement-from-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-2021.md) ### Touré F. Reed - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Touré F. Reed Touré F. Reed is the Commons' major class-centered critic of race reductionism. His work is not a denial that racism matters; it is an argument that racial explanation becomes politically disabling when it substitutes elite moral reckoning for institutions, labor politics, and material redistribution. *Toward Freedom* anchors the page. Reed argues against a politics that treats racial disparity as self-explanatory and against liberal habits that separate race from class. His essays on Obama, Coates, and post-2020 moral reckoning press the same point in contemporary terms: symbolic racial recognition can leave the underlying organization of work, wealth, and political power untouched. Reed is also useful for authenticity disputes. His writing on Rachel Dolezal and racial authenticity shows how identity claims can become detached from structural politics. A chatbot should use this page when comparing class-first and race-first explanations, or when a question asks why some Black-left writers criticize contemporary anti-racism from within egalitarian politics rather than from the right. ## Related Pages [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md) · [White people posing as black/non-white](../topics/white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Citations - [Reed, Touré. Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism. Verso, 2020.](../sources/reed-tour-toward-freedom-the-case-against-race-reductionism-2020.md) - [Reed, Touré. "Between Obama and Coates,." Catalyst, 2018, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates.](../sources/reed-tour-between-obama-and-coates-2018.md) - [Reed, Touré. "Why Liberals Separate Race from Class." Jacobin, 2015, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement.](../sources/reed-tour-why-liberals-separate-race-from-class-2015.md) - [Reed, Touré F. "A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans." Jacobin, 2020, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates.](../sources/reed-toure-f-a-liberal-moral-reckoning-can-t-solve-the-problems-that-plague-black-americ.md) - [Reed, Touré. Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950. University of North Carolina Press, 2008.](../sources/reed-tour-not-alms-but-opportunity-the-urban-league-and-the-politics-of-racial-uplift-19.md) - [Reed, Touré F. "‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity." Jacobin, 2020, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity.](../sources/reed-toure-f-jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity-2020.md) ### Trey Ellis - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Trey Ellis Trey Ellis appears in the Commons as the writer who named a sensibility: the "New Black Aesthetic," a post-nationalist, culturally omnivorous approach to Black art. For a chatbot he is a route into a late-1980s shift in Black cultural self-understanding — one that prized freedom, irony, and cross-cultural fluency over racial orthodoxy or protest duty. The held work is his essay "The New Black Aesthetic" (1989), published in *Callaloo*. Ellis describes a generation of Black artists — "cultural mulattoes" at home in many traditions — who felt free to draw on high and popular culture, to satirize Black life as readily as white, and to refuse both white expectations and Black nationalist prescriptions about what Black art must be. The essay anchors the collection's [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) material and its recurring debates over ["authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) and who gets to define Black creativity. A chatbot should use this page for the "New Black Aesthetic," for the cultural-mulatto idea, or for the lineage connecting a satirical, boundary-crossing strain of Black art. ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Humor](../topics/humor.md) Entities: [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Fran Ross](fran-ross.md) · [Darius James](darius-james.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Ellis, Trey. "The New Black Aesthetic." *Callaloo*, 1989.](../sources/ellis-trey-the-new-black-aesthetic-1989.md) ### Tyrone Muhammad - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Tyrone Muhammad Tyrone Muhammad appears in the Commons through Ex-cons for Community and Social Change, an organization connected to formerly incarcerated people, community repair, and the responsibility of returning citizens. His page is a compact route into crime, incarceration, neighborhood violence, and community-led intervention. A chatbot should use Muhammad when a user asks about alternatives to purely state-centered criminal-justice reform, community repair after incarceration, or voices that treat former offenders as responsible civic actors. The page should remain cautious and focused on the Ex-cons for Community and Social Change connection. ## Related Pages Topics: [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Michael Javen Fortner](michael-javen-fortner.md) · [James Nauwood Reaves](james-nauwood-reaves.md) ## Citations - [Ex-cons for Community and Social Change. "Ex-Cons are partly to blame for the gangs, drugs, and violence that have ravaged communities of color." https://www.eccsc.org/.](../sources/ex-cons-for-community-and-social-change-ex-cons-for-community-and-social-change-official.md) ### Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative *Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative* appears in the Commons as a documentary film, and its page is a source node for the film rather than a page about any one participant. For a chatbot this is the route to a filmed collective statement of Black conservative identity. The documentary gathers Black conservative writers, thinkers, and public figures to reclaim the slur of its title and to present, in their own words, a tradition of Black conservatism organized around faith, family, self-reliance, and patriotism — and to describe the social cost of dissenting from a presumed Black political consensus. A chatbot should use this page to reach the film as a whole and the themes it assembles, and should link out to individual participants' pages rather than treating the film as a biography of any one of them. It connects the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md), [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md), and [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) material. ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [*Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative.* Executive produced by Larry Elder. 2020.](../sources/elder-larry-executive-producer-uncle-tom-an-oral-history-of-the-american-black-conservat.md) ### University of Austin - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # University of Austin The University of Austin appears in the Commons as the host of a 2024 Wilfred Reilly talk, "The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions." For a chatbot, this page should function as an institutional source node for a public lecture, not as a general institutional profile. The talk is useful because it places Reilly's recurring themes in a campus lecture setting: taboo topics, polite conventions, claims about Black Lives Matter, hate-crime narratives, and the difference between socially expected beliefs and empirical reality. It belongs near [Academia](../topics/academia.md), [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md), [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md), and [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md). Use this page when the chatbot needs a public-talk version of Reilly's argument about taboo, evidence, and institutional speech norms. ## Representative works - "The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions" (2024), lecture by Wilfred Reilly. ## Related Pages Topics: [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Free Speech](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Zachary R. Wood](zachary-r-wood.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [University of Austin. "The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxUdyYgVn 8.](../sources/university-of-austin-the-extraordinary-disconnect-between-reality-and-polite-conventions.md) ### Vic Marsh - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Vic Marsh Vic Marsh appears in the Commons through writing that asks whether diversity programs actually deliver what they promise. His page belongs to the collection's debate over the effectiveness and side effects of corporate and institutional diversity, equity, and inclusion work. The held essay, "Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm" (2020), borrows the medical maxim to argue that DEI efforts should first be held to a standard of not making things worse — that good intentions do not excuse programs that backfire or lack evidence of benefit. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks for an evidence-and-outcomes critique of DEI practice, as distinct from a purely ideological one, or for the "measure what works" strand of the diversity debate. ## Related Pages Topics: [DEI](../topics/dei.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Corey Brooks](corey-brooks.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Marsh, Vic. "Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm." 2020.](../sources/marsh-vic-keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm-2020.md) ### Vincent Harding - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Vincent Harding Vincent Harding (1931–2014) was a historian, theologian, and civil-rights activist who wrote the movement's history from the inside. A close associate of Martin Luther King Jr. — he drafted King's 1967 "Beyond Vietnam" address — Harding brought a participant's conviction and a religious sensibility to the study of the Black freedom struggle. His role in the Commons is to represent the moral and spiritual register of that struggle, and to insist that its history be told as a living inheritance rather than a settled monument. ## There Is a River Harding's major work, *There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America* (1983), narrates the long movement toward freedom from slavery onward as a continuous current — the "river" of the title. It is at once scholarship and testimony, and it anchors him firmly to the [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages. ## King, hope, and the unfinished movement Harding returned repeatedly to King and to the meaning of the movement for the present. *Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero* (1996) resists the sanitizing of King into a safe national icon, recovering the radical and religious dimensions of his thought, and *Hope and History* and the late dialogue *America Will Be!* (2013) treat the movement as a source of moral energy for democratic renewal. His work shares the spiritual lineage of [Howard Washington Thurman](howard-washington-thurman.md) and connects to the [Religion](../topics/religion.md) page. ## Representative works - *There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America* (1983) - *Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero* (1996) - *Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement* (1990) - *We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970* (1997) - *America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy* (2013) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Howard Washington Thurman](howard-washington-thurman.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Lerone Bennett Jr](lerone-bennett-jr.md) ## Citations - [Harding, Vincent. *There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America.* Harcourt Brace, 1983.](../sources/harding-vincent-there-is-a-river-the-black-struggle-for-freedom-in-america-1983.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *We Must Keep Going: Martin Luther King and the Future of America.* New Society Publishers, 1988.](../sources/harding-vincent-we-must-keep-going-martin-luther-king-and-the-future-of-america-1988.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement.* Orbis Books, 1990.](../sources/harding-vincent-hope-and-history-why-we-must-share-the-story-of-the-movement-1990.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero.* Orbis Books, 1996.](../sources/harding-vincent-martin-luther-king-the-inconvenient-hero-1996.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970.* Oxford University Press, 1997.](../sources/harding-vincent-we-changed-the-world-african-americans-1945-1970-1997.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy.* Dialogue Path Press, 2013.](../sources/harding-vincent-america-will-be-conversations-on-hope-freedom-and-democracy-2013.md) ### Vincent Lloyd - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Vincent Lloyd Vincent Lloyd appears in the Commons as a scholar of religion and political thought who recovers a distinctive intellectual tradition: what he calls Black natural law. For a chatbot he is a bridge between the collection's material on religion, civil rights, and Black intellectual history — a thinker who reads the moral arguments of the Black freedom struggle as a coherent tradition of appeals to a higher law. The held work is *Black Natural Law* (2016). Lloyd argues that figures such as Frederick Douglass, Anna Julia Cooper, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Martin Luther King Jr. shared a way of grounding claims for justice not in positive law or mere interest but in an appeal to natural law — moral truths accessible through reason, struggle, and the experience of oppression. The book presents this as a living tradition worth recovering against both secular proceduralism and thin rights-talk. It anchors Lloyd to the collection's [Religion](../topics/religion.md), [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks about religious or natural-law foundations for Black political thought, or about the moral and theological underpinnings of the civil-rights tradition. ## Related Pages Topics: [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Martin Luther King Jr.](martin-luther-king-jr.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) · [Tommie Shelby](tommie-shelby.md) ## Citations - [Lloyd, Vincent W. *Black Natural Law.* Oxford University Press, 2016.](../sources/lloyd-vincent-black-natural-law-2016.md) ### Vinson Cunningham - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Vinson Cunningham Vinson Cunningham appears in the Commons through a New Yorker review essay on Frank B. Wilderson III's *Afropessimism*. For a chatbot, this page is a routing node into Afropessimism, social death, and the debate over whether Black suffering should be treated as structurally singular or placed in analogy with other forms of domination. "The Argument of 'Afropessimism'" presents Wilderson's claim that Blackness remains bound to slavery and social death, while also registering a major objection: if a framework loses the capacity to imagine kinship with other suffering people, it risks narrowing rather than deepening moral perception. Cunningham's essay is therefore valuable both as exposition and as critique. Use this page when a user asks what Afropessimism argues, why Orlando Patterson matters to the debate, or how Black thought handles analogy, solidarity, and competing claims of suffering. ## Related Pages Topics: [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [Orlando Patterson](orlando-patterson.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) ## Citations - [Cunningham, Vinson. "The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’." New Yorker, 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-argument-of-afropessimism.](../sources/cunningham-vinson-the-argument-of-afropessimism-2020.md) ### Voddie T. Baucham Jr. - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Voddie T. Baucham Jr. Voddie T. Baucham Jr. appears in the Commons as a Reformed theologian and pastor who argues, from within evangelical Christianity, that the contemporary social-justice movement is a rival worldview incompatible with the faith. For a chatbot he is a specifically theological voice in the collection's material on race and anti-racism — his objection is doctrinal, framed in terms of scripture and church authority rather than secular politics. His book *Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe* (2021) is his central contribution. It warns that critical race theory, "antiracism," and social-justice activism are seeping into evangelical churches as an alternative gospel — one that, in Baucham's reading, substitutes group identity, collective guilt, and grievance for biblical accounts of sin, grace, and reconciliation. He casts this as a "fault line" threatening to divide evangelicalism. The book anchors Baucham to the collection's [Religion](../topics/religion.md) and [Critical Race Theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) material, where he represents the conservative-Protestant case against the church's adoption of social-justice frameworks. He pairs most closely with the collection's other religiously grounded critics of anti-racism, while writing from a more formal theological position. ## Representative works - *Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe* (2021). ## Related Pages Topics: [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Critical race theory](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) · [Anti-racism](../topics/anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Samuel Sey](samuel-sey.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) ## Citations - [Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. *Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe.* Salem Books, 2021.](../sources/baucham-voddie-t-jr-fault-lines-the-social-justice-movement-and-evangelicalism-s-looming.md) ### W. E. B. Du Bois - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # W. E. B. Du Bois W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) is the historical foundation beneath much of the Commons — the scholar-activist whose vocabulary ("the color line," "double consciousness," "the talented tenth") and whose method still shape how later writers argue. He functions less as one voice among many than as a common ancestor: contemporary figures as different as Adolph Reed Jr. and Kwame Anthony Appiah define their own positions partly by how they read him. A chatbot should treat Du Bois as a touchstone to reach for when a question needs historical depth or a claim about the tradition's origins. ## The sociologist and historian Du Bois effectively founded empirical American sociology of race with *The Philadelphia Negro* (1899), and his *Black Reconstruction in America* (1935) reinterpreted Reconstruction as a democratic experiment betrayed — the source, much later, of the "wages of whiteness" idea that the [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) debates contest. *The Souls of Black Folk* (1903) remains the canonical statement of double consciousness, and *The Suppression of the African Slave Trade* (1896) and *The Gift of Black Folk* (1924) document the long history the [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) pages draw on. ## The arc of a long life The collection holds the full sweep, from the early empirical work through the autobiographical reckonings — *Darkwater* (1920), *Dusk of Dawn* (1940), and the late *Autobiography* — into the radical, Pan-Africanist, and socialist commitments of his final decades (*In Battle for Peace*, 1952; *The World and Africa*). That trajectory makes Du Bois a bridge between the historical record and present argument: he is claimed by integrationists, Black nationalists, and the Marxist left alike. ## Representative works - *The Souls of Black Folk* (1903) - *The Philadelphia Negro* (1899) - *Black Reconstruction in America* (1935) - *Dusk of Dawn* (1940) - *The Suppression of the African Slave Trade* (1896) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) Entities: [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Barbara J. Fields](barbara-j-fields.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870.* 1896.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-the-suppression-of-the-african-slave-trade-to-the-united-states-of-america.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *The Philadelphia Negro.* 1899.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-the-philadelphia-negro-1899.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *The Souls of Black Folk.* 1903.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-the-souls-of-black-folk-1903.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *John Brown.* 1909.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-john-brown-1909.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *The Gift of Black Folk.* 1924.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-the-gift-of-black-folk-1924.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *Black Reconstruction in America.* 1935.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-black-reconstruction-in-america-1935.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *Dusk of Dawn.* 1940.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-dusk-of-dawn-1940.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *In Battle for Peace.* 1952.](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-in-battle-for-peace-1952.md) - [Du Bois, W. E. B. *The World and Africa.* (1947; collected ed. 2007).](../sources/du-bois-w-e-b-the-world-and-africa-2007.md) ### Walter E. Williams - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Walter E. Williams Walter E. Williams is the Commons' libertarian economist of race, liberty, and state power. His recurring argument is that many policies justified as racial help instead damage Black opportunity by expanding government coercion, weakening markets, or treating disparity as proof of discrimination without sufficient causal evidence. Williams is closest to Thomas Sowell in method and temperament: both stress incentives, tradeoffs, and the limits of political intention. In the Commons he anchors [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) through *Race and Economics*, appears in the [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) debate through his founding-era critique, and provides a broader libertarian frame through books on socialism, liberty, and government power. A chatbot should use Williams when a question asks for the free-market or classical-liberal line inside Black conservative thought. He is also useful as a bridge between economic explanations of racial outcomes and objections to history curricula that make oppression the master key to American identity. ## Representative works - *The State Against Blacks* (1982) - *America: A Minority Viewpoint* (1983) - *All It Takes Is Guts* (1988) - *Race and Economics* (2011) - "New York Times' '1619 Project' Has Key Error About Our Founding" (2019) ## Related Pages [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) ## Citations - [Williams, Walter E. *The State Against Blacks*. McGraw-Hill, 1982.](../sources/williams-walter-e-the-state-against-blacks-1982.md) - [Williams, Walter E. *America: A Minority Viewpoint*. Hoover Institution Press, 1983.](../sources/williams-walter-e-america-a-minority-viewpoint-1983.md) - [Williams, Walter E. *All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View*. Regnery, 1988.](../sources/williams-walter-e-all-it-takes-is-guts-a-minority-view-1988.md) - [Williams, Walter E. More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well. Hoover Institution Press, 1999.](../sources/williams-walter-e-more-liberty-means-less-government-our-founders-knew-this-well-1999.md) - [Williams, Walter E. *Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination?* Hoover Institution Press, 2011.](../sources/williams-walter-e-race-and-economics-how-much-can-be-blamed-on-discrimination-2011.md) - [Williams, Walter E. "New York Times' '1619 Project' Has Key Error About Our Founding." *The Daily Signal*, 2019.](../sources/williams-walter-e-new-york-times-1619-project-has-key-error-about-our-founding-2019.md) - [Williams, Walter E. "Black Education Tragedy Is New." *Townhall*, 2020.](../sources/williams-walter-e-black-education-tragedy-is-new-2020.md) ### Walter Mosley - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Walter Mosley Walter Mosley belongs in the Commons as a literary and political imagination rather than primarily as a policy polemicist. The large Mosley cluster gives chatbots a way to see Black intellectual life through fiction, genre, character, urban memory, and moral improvisation, not only through essays about race and public policy. The Easy Rawlins novels, beginning with *Devil in a Blue Dress*, turn crime fiction into a record of postwar Los Angeles, migration, violence, work, and informal Black institutions. Books such as *Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned* and *The Awkward Black Man* widen the lens from detective plot to ethical pressure, masculinity, class, and ordinary acts of survival. Mosley's explicitly political works, including *Workin' on the Chain Gang*, *What Next*, and *Life Out of Context*, should keep the entity from being treated as a purely literary node. A chatbot should use him when a question needs the Commons to move from argument to imaginative world-making: how Black life is narrated, how agency appears inside constraint, and how fiction can carry political knowledge without becoming a manifesto. ## Related Pages [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black America](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Crime & incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Citations - [Mosley, Walter. Devil in a Blue Dress. 1990.](../sources/mosley-walter-devil-in-a-blue-dress-1990.md) - [Mosley, Walter. Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned. 1997.](../sources/mosley-walter-always-outnumbered-always-outgunned-1997.md) - [Mosley, Walter. Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History. 2000.](../sources/mosley-walter-workin-on-the-chain-gang-shaking-off-the-dead-hand-of-history-2000.md) - [Mosley, Walter. What Next: An African American Initiative Toward World Peace. 2003.](../sources/mosley-walter-what-next-an-african-american-initiative-toward-world-peace-2003.md) - [Mosley, Walter. Life Out of Context: Which Includes a Proposal for the Non-violent Takeover of the House of Representatives. 2006.](../sources/mosley-walter-life-out-of-context-which-includes-a-proposal-for-the-non-violent-takeover.md) - [Mosley, Walter. Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World. 2001.](../sources/mosley-walter-futureland-nine-stories-of-an-imminent-world-2001.md) - [Mosley, Walter. The Awkward Black Man. 2020.](../sources/mosley-walter-the-awkward-black-man-2020.md) - [Mosley, Walter. Down the River unto the Sea. 2018.](../sources/mosley-walter-down-the-river-unto-the-sea-2018.md) ### Wanjiru Njoya - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Wanjiru Njoya Wanjiru Njoya appears in the Commons as a legal scholar working in the classical-liberal tradition, bringing law, economics, and political philosophy to questions of race, equality, and social justice. For a chatbot she is an academic free-market voice: her arguments rest on the classical ideal of equality before the law and individual economic freedom, and she is skeptical of remedies that treat groups, rather than persons, as the unit of justice. Her book *Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity* (2021) is her central work. It defends a classical-liberal conception of equality — equal individual rights and market freedom — against redistributive and group-based "social justice" frameworks, arguing that the former better serves people in racially diverse societies. It anchors her to the collection's [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) and [Economics](../topics/economics.md) material. Her essay "Black Lives Matter Are Pushing Division, Not Unity" (2020) applies the same individualist lens to the movement, arguing that its group-identity framing sets people against one another rather than advancing common citizenship. It connects her to the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) and [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) discussions. She pairs with the collection's free-market and classical-liberal thinkers on race and economics. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Wanjiru Njoya's page with one additional essay, including "Debating the Tenets of Social Justice". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - *Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity* (2021). - "Black Lives Matter Are Pushing Division, Not Unity" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Walter E. Williams](walter-e-williams.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Njoya, Wanjiru. Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.](../sources/njoya-wanjiru-economic-freedom-and-social-justice-the-classical-ideal-of-equality-in-con.md) - [Njoya, Wanjiru. "Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity." The Critic, 2020, https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/july-august-2020/black-lives-matter-pushing-division-not-unity/.](../sources/njoya-wanjiru-black-lives-matter-are-pushing-division-not-unity-2020.md) - [Wanjiru Njoya. "Debating the Tenets of Social Justice." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/debating-the-tenets-of-social-justice.](../sources/njoya-wanjiru-debating-the-tenets-of-social-justice-2022.md) ### Ward Connerly - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Ward Connerly Ward Connerly appears in the Commons as a leading activist against race-based preferences, and his page should keep the attribution clear: these are Connerly's arguments and his account of his own campaigns, presented as his position in a contested debate rather than as settled conclusions. For a chatbot he is the collection's primary voice for the "colorblind"/anti-preferences side of the affirmative-action argument. *Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences* (2000) is his central book — part memoir, part manifesto — narrating his campaign against affirmative action in public education, employment, and contracting, and arguing that government should not classify or allocate by race. Connerly frames this as the consistent application of a colorblind principle he traces to the civil-rights tradition; critics read the same campaigns as dismantling remedies for entrenched inequality. The Commons holds his side of that exchange. *Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character* (2008) is more personal, drawing on family and upbringing to restate the case for judging individuals by character rather than race, echoing the "content of their character" language he invokes as a lineage. Together the two books anchor his contribution to the collection's affirmative-action and civil-rights material. He pairs with the collection's other critics of race-conscious policy, while his activism gives him a more explicitly political, campaign-oriented profile than most of the corpus's writers. ## Representative works - *Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences* (2000). - *Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character* (2008). ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Civil Rights / Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Equality and equity](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) · [Discrimination](../topics/discrimination.md) · [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Shelby Steele](shelby-steele.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Connerly, Ward. *Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences.* Encounter Books, 2000.](../sources/connerly-ward-creating-equal-my-fight-against-race-preferences-2000.md) - [Connerly, Ward. *Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character.* Encounter Books, 2008.](../sources/connerly-ward-lessons-from-my-uncle-james-beyond-skin-color-to-the-content-of-our-charac.md) ### Wilfred Reilly - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Wilfred Reilly Wilfred Reilly is a political scientist — Associate Professor of Political Science at Kentucky State University, a historically Black university — and one of the most prolific contemporary voices in the Omni-American Commons. His writing is united by a single methodological commitment: the claim that many of the most widely repeated stories about race in America fail when checked against quantitative evidence. Across articles in *Quillette*, *Commentary*, *National Review*, *Spiked*, *Tablet*, and elsewhere, and in his book *Hate Crime Hoax: How the Left Is Selling a Fake Race War* (Regnery, 2019), Reilly positions empiricism against what he calls narrative. ## Hate-crime hoaxes Reilly's signature contribution is the study of fabricated bias incidents. *Hate Crime Hoax* (2019) and the accompanying scholarly article "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" (*Academic Questions*, 2019) argue that a notable share of high-profile reported hate crimes turn out to be fabricated or misclassified, and that the credulous reception of such claims sustains a false picture of pervasive racial violence. He returns to specific cases — "How Jussie Smollett's hoax unravelled" (*UnHerd*, 2021) and "Bubba Wallace and the wave of dubious hate" (*Spiked*, 2020) — as illustrations of the pattern. ## Empiricism and the "good news" thesis A broader claim follows from the hate-crime work: that the overall trajectory of American race relations is far more positive than public discussion admits. In "No, There Is No Coming Race War" (*Commentary*, 2021) and "The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America" (*Commentary*, 2021), Reilly assembles data on interracial crime and racial progress to argue against a narrative of worsening conflict. "The Assault on Empiricism" (*Tablet*, 2021) makes the meta-argument explicit: that many popular positions across the culture-war landscape "bear no resemblance to measurable truth." His "Crime Against Asians Isn't Due to White Supremacy" (*Commentary*, 2021) applies the same method to a specific 2021 panic. ## The 1619 Project and contested history Reilly is one of the most active critics of the 1619 Project in the collection. "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776" (*Quillette*, 2020), "The 1619 False-History Project" (*National Review*, 2022), the PragerU video "What's Wrong with the 1619 Project?" (2020), and "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience" (1776 Unites, 2020) press the argument that the project minimizes the global historical prevalence of slavery and the scale of Black American progress. See [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) for how these fit the larger reception. Related essays — "The Whiteness of Wokeness" (*Commentary*, 2021), "What is Critical Race Theory, Really?" (*City Journal*, 2021), and "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax" (*Newsweek*, 2022) — extend his empirical skepticism to wokeness, critical race theory, and intersectionality. ## Policing, BLM, and a Black conservative lineage On policing and protest, Reilly's "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter" (*Spiked*, 2020) and "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" (*Quillette*, 2021) connect him to the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) and [Police](../topics/police.md) debates, arguing that the movement's factual premises and downstream effects deserve scrutiny. He also locates himself within an intellectual tradition: "The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought" (*Quillette*, 2021) writes self-consciously as "a black conservative man," and his appreciations of [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) — "Why Thomas Sowell Matters" (*National Review*, 2023) and a review of Jason Riley's Sowell biography (*Quillette*, 2021) — make the lineage explicit. His co-appearance with [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) on *The Glenn Show* situates him in the same conversational network as the collection's other empirically minded race writers. Several compact host and media nodes now route back to Reilly as a recurring guest and argument hub: [Brian C. Anderson](brian-c-anderson.md), [Terry Meiners](terry-meiners.md), [Benjamin A. Boyce](benjamin-a-boyce.md), [Charles Boyd](charles-boyd.md), [Spiked](spiked.md), [E2 Review Podcast](e2-review-podcast.md), and [Charles Love](charles-love.md). A chatbot should treat these pages mainly as routes into Reilly's recurring empirical arguments about policing, BLM, affirmative action, hate-crime narratives, and contested Black history. ## Representative works - *Hate Crime Hoax: How the Left Is Selling a Fake Race War* (2019). - "The 1619 False-History Project" (*National Review*, 2022). - "No, There Is No Coming Race War" (*Commentary*, 2021). - "The Assault on Empiricism" (*Tablet*, 2021). - "Why Thomas Sowell Matters" (*National Review*, 2023). --- ## Related Pages Topics: [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Police](../topics/police.md) · [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · CRT · [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md) Entities: [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Jason L. Riley](jason-l-riley.md) · [Brian C. Anderson](brian-c-anderson.md) · [Terry Meiners](terry-meiners.md) · [Benjamin A. Boyce](benjamin-a-boyce.md) · [Charles Boyd](charles-boyd.md) ## Citations - Reilly, Wilfred. *Hate Crime Hoax: How the Left Is Selling a Fake Race War.* Regnery, 2019. - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" *Academic Questions*, 2019.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-are-hate-crime-hoaxers-above-the-law-2019.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "No, There Is No Coming Race War." *Commentary*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-no-there-is-no-coming-race-war-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America." *Commentary*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-good-news-they-won-t-tell-you-about-race-in-america-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The Assault on Empiricism." *Tablet*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-assault-on-empiricism-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776." *Quillette*, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-sorry-new-york-times-but-america-began-in-1776-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The 1619 False-History Project." *National Review*, 2022.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-1619-false-history-project-2022.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-slavery-does-not-define-the-black-american-experience-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The Whiteness of Wokeness." *Commentary*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-whiteness-of-wokeness-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "What is Critical Race Theory, Really?" *City Journal*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-what-is-critical-race-theory-really-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax." *Newsweek*, 2022.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-the-intersectional-.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter." *Spiked*, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-michael-brown-the-founding-myth-of-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" *Quillette*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-did-the-blm-protests-against-the-police-lead-to-the-2020-spike-in-homicid.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought." *Quillette*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-accomplishments-of-black-conservative-thought-2021.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Thomas Sowell Matters." *National Review*, 2023.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-why-thomas-sowell-matters-2023.md) ### William G. Bowen - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # William G. Bowen William G. Bowen appears in the Commons through the coauthored book *The Shape of the River*, written with Derek Bok and introduced in the local record with a foreword by Glenn Loury. For a chatbot, this page should route to a major empirical defense of race-conscious admissions and its long-term consequences, not to Bowen as a standalone public intellectual. *The Shape of the River* belongs in the Commons because it is one of the central empirical works behind the modern affirmative-action debate. It studies selective colleges and universities, Black enrollment, alumni outcomes, leadership pipelines, and the institutional consequences of considering race in admissions. That makes it a useful counterweight to more skeptical sources by [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md), [Stephen L. Carter](stephen-l-carter.md), [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md), and others. Use this page when a question asks for the strongest affirmative-action case inside the collection, or when the chatbot needs to contrast outcome-based institutional arguments with mismatch, discrimination, or colorblindness arguments. ## Representative works - *The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions* (1998), with Derek Bok. ## Related Pages Topics: [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Thomas Sowell](thomas-sowell.md) · [Stephen L. Carter](stephen-l-carter.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Bowen, William G., and Derek Bok. "The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions." Princeton University Press, 1998.](../sources/bowen-william-g-and-derek-bok-the-shape-of-the-river-long-term-consequences-of-consideri.md) ### William Julius Wilson - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # William Julius Wilson William Julius Wilson is the Commons' major sociological theorist of race, class, neighborhood, and work. His importance is that he gives the graph a rigorous account of Black urban disadvantage in which racial history remains real but economic structure, labor-market change, and concentrated poverty do much of the explanatory work. Wilson sits at the intersection of [Class](../topics/class.md), [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md), [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md), and [Race](../topics/race.md). *The Declining Significance of Race* is the provocative hinge; *The Truly Disadvantaged* and *When Work Disappears* explain how neighborhoods and labor markets can produce durable social outcomes; and *More than Just Race* explicitly tries to hold culture, structure, and public policy in one frame. A chatbot should use Wilson when a user asks for a serious class-and-structure account that is not reducible to colorblind denial or race-only explanation. ## Representative works - *The Declining Significance of Race* (1978) - *The Truly Disadvantaged* (1987) - *When Work Disappears* (1996) - *The Bridge Over the Racial Divide* (1999) - *More than Just Race* (2009) ## Related Pages [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Disparity](../topics/disparity.md) · [Wealth gap](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Economics](../topics/economics.md) · [Glenn Loury](glenn-loury.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr](adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Citations - [Wilson, William Julius. *The Declining Significance of Race*. 1978.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-the-declining-significance-of-race-1978.md) - [Wilson, William Julius. *The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy*. 1987.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-the-truly-disadvantaged-the-inner-city-the-underclass-and-public-p.md) - [Wilson, William Julius. *When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor*. 1996.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-when-work-disappears-the-world-of-the-new-urban-poor-1996.md) - [Wilson, William Julius. *The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics*. 1999.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-the-bridge-over-the-racial-divide-rising-inequality-and-coalition-.md) - [Wilson, William Julius. *There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America*. 2006.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-there-goes-the-neighborhood-racial-ethnic-and-class-tensions-in-fo.md) - [Wilson, William Julius. *More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City*. 2009.](../sources/wilson-william-julius-more-than-just-race-being-black-and-poor-in-the-inner-city-2009.md) ### William Sanders Scarborough - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # William Sanders Scarborough William Sanders Scarborough appears in the Commons as a pioneering Black classicist — born into slavery, he became a professor of Greek and Latin and one of the first African American members of the nation's learned societies. For a chatbot he is a powerful early counter-example to the era's claims about Black intellectual capacity: a scholar who answered the denial of Black minds not with polemic but with mastery of the classical canon itself. His life is documented in *The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship* (2004), which traces his path from enslavement in Georgia to a scholarly career and leadership at Wilberforce University. Its very arc — "from slavery to scholarship" — makes it a vivid Commons text on education, uplift, and the refutation of racial hierarchy through achievement. *The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader* (2006) gathers his scholarship and public writing, showing a figure who moved between Greek grammar and the racial politics of his day. Both volumes were recovered and edited by the classicist Michele Valerie Ronnick, with a foreword to the autobiography by Henry Louis Gates Jr. — part of a modern reclamation of Scarborough's place in Black intellectual history. He pairs with the collection's material on classical education, Black scholarship, and the long argument over Western civilization and who belongs to it. ## Representative works - *The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship* (ed. Michele Valerie Ronnick, 2004). - *The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader* (ed. Michele Valerie Ronnick, 2006). ## Related Pages Topics: [Western civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr.](henry-louis-gates-jr.md) · [Frederick Douglass](frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [Scarborough, William Sanders. *The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship.* Edited by Michele Valerie Ronnick, foreword by Henry Louis Gates Jr., 2004.](../sources/scarborough-william-sanders-the-autobiography-of-william-sanders-scarborough-an-american.md) - [Scarborough, William Sanders. *The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader.* Edited by Michele Valerie Ronnick, 2006.](../sources/scarborough-william-sanders-the-works-of-william-sanders-scarborough-black-classicist-an.md) ### William Thomas Valerio Fontaine - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # William Thomas Valerio Fontaine William Thomas Valerio Fontaine gives the Commons a mid-century philosopher and scholar of Black thought, literature, power, and social determination. His role is to connect Black intellectual history to philosophy and literary interpretation before the later academic vocabulary of race and identity became dominant. Fontaine belongs with [Race](../topics/race.md), [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md), and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). His work on social determination and imaginative literature helps a chatbot explain how earlier Black scholars studied the relation between social constraint, moral agency, and literary expression. A chatbot should use Fontaine when a user asks about the philosophical and literary foundations of Black intellectual history, especially before the contemporary period. ## Representative works - *Fortune, matter and providence* (1939) - *The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature* (1942) - "Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars" (1944) - *Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals* (1967) ## Related Pages [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Alain Leroy Locke](alain-leroy-locke.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. *Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno.* 1939.](../sources/fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-fortune-matter-and-providence-a-study-of-ancius-severinu.md) - [Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. *The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940.* *Southern University Bulletin*, 1942.](../sources/fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-the-mind-and-thought-of-the-negro-of-the-united-states-a.md) - [Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. "Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars." *American Journal of Sociology*, 1944.](../sources/fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-social-determination-in-the-writings-of-american-negro-s.md) - [Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. *Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals.* Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 1967.](../sources/fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-reflections-on-segregation-desegregation-power-and-moral.md) ### Willie Legette - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Willie Legette Willie Legette appears in the Commons as a political scientist who analyzes race and American politics through a class-first, materialist lens. For a chatbot he is a distinctly left voice skeptical of identity-based political analysis — one who argues that treating "the Black vote" as a unified bloc obscures the economic interests and political machinery that actually shape outcomes. "The Role of Race in Contemporary U.S. Politics: V. O. Key's Enduring Insight" (2018) revisits the political scientist V. O. Key to argue that race in American politics is best understood in relation to structure and region rather than as an autonomous force — a characteristically materialist reframing. "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'" (2020) turns that lens on a concrete case, contending that the idea of a monolithic Black electorate serves establishment and neoliberal interests more than Black communities. Both anchor Legette to the collection's [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) and [Class](../topics/class.md) material. Legette belongs to the collection's cluster of class-oriented critics who question whether race-first frameworks adequately explain political and economic life. He pairs with the collection's other materialist analysts of race and politics. ## Representative works - "The Role of Race in Contemporary U.S. Politics: V. O. Key's Enduring Insight" (2018). - "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) · [Class](../topics/class.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) · [Voting / voter suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) Entities: [Cedric Johnson](cedric-johnson.md) · [Norma Kelley](norma-kelley.md) ## Citations - [Legette, Willie. "The Role of Race in Contemporary U.S. Politics: V. O. Key's Enduring Insight." *Nonsite.org*, 2018.](../sources/legette-willie-the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics-v-o-key-s-enduring-insight-.md) - [Legette, Willie. "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'." *Common Dreams*, 2020.](../sources/legette-willie-south-carolina-neoliberalism-s-stranglehold-and-the-mystique-of-the-black.md) ### Winston A. James - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Winston A. James Winston A. James appears in the Commons as a historian of Caribbean radicalism and Pan-Africanism, and the collection holds his study of a pioneering figure in that tradition. For a chatbot he is a route into the deep history of Black transnational politics — the nineteenth-century roots of Pan-African thought and the movement to build Black futures across the Atlantic. The held work is *The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799–1851* (2010). James recovers Russwurm — a co-founder of *Freedom's Journal*, the first Black-owned U.S. newspaper, who later emigrated to Liberia and became a colonial governor there — as an early and conflicted architect of Pan-Africanism and Black emigrationism. The book anchors the collection's [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md), [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md), and [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) material. A chatbot should use this page for the nineteenth-century origins of Pan-Africanism and Black emigration, or for scholarship on the early Black press and its transatlantic ambitions. ## Related Pages Topics: [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Black nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Cedric J. Robinson](cedric-j-robinson.md) ## Citations - [James, Winston A. *The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799–1851.* New York University Press, 2010.](../sources/james-winston-a-the-struggles-of-john-brown-russwurm-the-life-and-writings-of-a-pan-afri.md) ### Wole Soyinka - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Wole Soyinka Soyinka appears in the Commons through two of his major works of criticism, and his page should orient a chatbot to that critical thought rather than to his plays or poetry. For the collection he is a theorist of African literature and the artist's public role — a writer arguing that African myth, ritual, and worldview are the proper ground of a serious African literary tradition, not borrowed European forms. *Myth, Literature, and the African World* (1976) is the anchor. Drawn from his lectures at Cambridge, it develops an aesthetic in which Yoruba cosmology and ritual drama supply a distinctly African framework for imagination and tragedy, and it pushes back against reading African writing only through outside categories. It is his central contribution to the collection's material on art, culture, and the African world. *Art, Dialogue, and Outrage* (1988) gathers his essays on literature, criticism, and the responsibilities of the writer, including his sharp exchanges over ideology and cultural authenticity. Together the two books present Soyinka as a rigorous cultural critic — one who treats literature as a site of moral and political argument as much as of art. He connects the collection's material on art and literature, African and diasporic thought, and debates over cultural authenticity. ## Representative works - *Myth, Literature, and the African World* (1976). - *Art, Dialogue, and Outrage* (1988). ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Colonialism / decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) Entities: [C. L. R. James](cyril-lionel-robert-james.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](w-e-b-du-bois.md) ## Citations - [Soyinka, Wole. *Myth, Literature, and the African World.* Cambridge University Press, 1976.](../sources/soyinka-wole-myth-literature-and-the-african-world-1976.md) - [Soyinka, Wole. *Art, Dialogue, and Outrage: Essays on Literature and Culture.* 1988.](../sources/soyinka-wole-art-dialogue-and-outrage-1988.md) ### Yaya J. Fanusie - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Yaya J. Fanusie Yaya J. Fanusie appears in the Commons as an essayist associated with the 1776 Unites project, writing in 2020 on patriotism, identity, and religion. For a chatbot he is a compact contemporary voice in the collection's patriotism-and-agency cluster: his pieces argue for civic attachment and against making racial grievance the organizing frame of Black American life. "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America" (2020, 1776 Unites) is his central statement — an argument that Black patriotism has historically strengthened the country and that its erosion is a national loss. It places him directly in dialogue with the collection's [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) and [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) material, on the affirmative-civic side of that debate. "Black is the new idol" (2020, 1776 Unites) extends the argument in a more explicitly religious register, warning against treating racial identity as an ultimate object of devotion. Writing in *Foreign Policy*, "France's Muslims Could Learn from the African American Muslim Experience" (2020) draws on Fanusie's own vantage as an African American Muslim to compare integration and religious identity across national contexts — a distinctive angle in a collection dominated by domestic argument. He pairs with the collection's other 1776 Unites contributors and its patriotism-and-optimism writers. ## Journal of Free Black Thought essays The Journal of Free Black Thought material broadens Yaya J. Fanusie's page with one additional essay, including "Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters". A chatbot should use these pieces as current, magazine-style extensions of the older source record, especially when a question asks how this author applies the same intellectual posture to education, family, politics, free speech, religion, culture, or civic identity in shorter public essays. ## Representative works - "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America" (2020). - "Black is the new idol" (2020). - "France's Muslims Could Learn from the African American Muslim Experience" (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) · [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) · [Religion](../topics/religion.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) Entities: [Robert L. Woodson](robert-l-woodson.md) · [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) ## Citations - [Fanusie, Yaya J. "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america/.](../sources/fanusie-yaya-j-as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america-2020.md) - [Fanusie, Yaya J. "Black is the new idol." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/black-is-the-new-idol/.](../sources/fanusie-yaya-j-black-is-the-new-idol-2020.md) - [Fanusie, Yaya J. "France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African." Foreign Policy, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/09/frances-muslims-could-learn-from-the-african-american-muslim-experience/.](../sources/fanusie-yaya-j-france-s-muslims-could-learn-from-the-african-2020.md) - [Yaya J. Fanusie. "Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fighters.](../sources/fanusie-yaya-j-hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fighters-2023.md) ### Zachary R. Wood - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Zachary R. Wood Zachary R. Wood appears in the Commons as a young advocate for free expression and open debate, known for inviting deeply controversial speakers to campus in the belief that ideas — even repugnant ones — are better confronted than silenced. For a chatbot he is a free-speech voice grounded in personal experience: his case is made less as abstract theory than as a first-person account of what it costs, and why it is worth it, to keep hearing the other side. As a student leader of the "Uncomfortable Learning" series at Williams College, Wood argued that shutting out offensive speakers deprives students of the chance to test and strengthen their own convictions. His essay "I Invite White Supremacy Apologists to Campus. Here's Why." (2018) makes that case directly, defending engagement with abhorrent views as a discipline of democratic argument rather than an endorsement of them. It anchors him to the collection's [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) material. His memoir *Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America* (2019) extends the argument into autobiography, tracing how a childhood between very different worlds shaped his commitment to dialogue across difference. Together the two works present Wood as a bridge-building, engagement-over-avoidance voice. He pairs with the collection's other defenders of open debate and viewpoint diversity. ## Representative works - "I Invite White Supremacy Apologists to Campus. Here's Why." (2018). - *Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America* (2019). ## Related Pages Topics: [Free speech / cancel culture](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Cancel culture](../topics/cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](../topics/academia.md) · [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [John McWhorter](john-mcwhorter.md) ## Citations - [Wood, Zachary R. "I Invite White Supremacy Apologists to Campus. Here's Why." *The Guardian*, 2018.](../sources/wood-zachary-r-i-invite-white-supremacy-apologists-to-campus-here-s-why-2018.md) - [Wood, Zachary R. *Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America.* Dutton, 2019.](../sources/wood-zachary-r-uncensored-my-life-and-uncomfortable-conversations-at-the-intersection-of.md) ### Zadie Smith - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Zadie Smith Zadie Smith appears in the Commons through a review essay on Jordan Peele's *Get Out*, Dana Schutz's *Open Casket*, and the question of who may represent Black pain. For a chatbot, this page is a culture-and-authenticity route rather than a general literary biography. "Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain?" reads *Get Out* as a satire of racial fear, white liberal self-recognition, and the fragile rules governing who is seen as innocent. It also sits near the controversies over artistic ownership, racial representation, and whether some forms of suffering can be depicted across identity lines. Use this page when a user asks about authenticity, Black pain in art, *Get Out*, cultural ownership, or the difference between representation as empathy and representation as appropriation. ## Related Pages Topics: [Authenticity](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · [Race](../topics/race.md) Entities: [Paul Beatty](paul-beatty.md) · [Danzy Senna](danzy-senna.md) · [Adrian Piper](adrian-piper.md) ## Citations - [Smith, Zadie. "Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain?" The New Yorker, 2017, https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/.](../sources/smith-zadie-getting-in-and-out-who-owns-black-pain-2017.md) ### Zora Neale Hurston - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960) was a novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist of the Harlem Renaissance, and one of the great literary voices in the collection. Her role in the Commons is double: as the author of an American classic, and as an early exemplar of the fierce individualism and refusal of victimhood that many later writers in the collection prize. Hurston insisted on rendering Black Southern life in its own idiom and on her own terms, resisting both white condescension and the political pressures of her own literary circle. ## Fiction and folklore *Their Eyes Were Watching God* (1937) — Janie Crawford's story, told in a rich vernacular — is Hurston's enduring achievement, a novel of a woman's search for selfhood that has become central to the American canon. Her anthropological works *Mules and Men* (1935) and *Tell My Horse* (1938) gathered the folklore and religious life of the Black South and the Caribbean with a scholar's care and a storyteller's ear. This work anchors her to [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) and [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md). ## Individualism against the grain Hurston's essay "How It Feels to Be Colored Me" (1928) is a landmark statement of self-possession — a refusal to experience her identity primarily as grievance — and her memoir *Dust Tracks on a Road* (1942) extends that stance. Because she resisted the protest-centered expectations of her era, and because her reputation was recovered decades after her death, she reads in the collection as a forerunner of the ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) and [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) debates, valued for insisting on Black life as fully human rather than merely wounded. ## Representative works - *Their Eyes Were Watching God* (1937) - *Mules and Men* (1935) - "How It Feels to Be Colored Me" (1928) - *Dust Tracks on a Road* (1942) - *Tell My Horse* (1938) --- ## Related Pages Topics: [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) · ["Authenticity"](../topics/authenticity.md) · [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) Entities: [James Baldwin](james-baldwin.md) · [Ann Allen Shockley](ann-allen-shockley.md) · [Albert Murray](albert-murray.md) ## Citations - [Hurston, Zora Neale. "How It Feels to Be Colored Me." The World Tomorrow, 1928.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-how-it-feels-to-be-colored-me-1928.md) - [Hurston, Zora Neale. *Jonah's Gourd Vine.* 1934.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-jonah-s-gourd-vine-1933.md) - [Hurston, Zora Neale. *Mules and Men.* 1935.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-mules-and-men-1935.md) - [Hurston, Zora Neale. *Their Eyes Were Watching God.* 1937.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-their-eyes-were-watching-god-1937.md) - [Hurston, Zora Neale. *Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica.* 1938.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-tell-my-horse-voodoo-and-life-in-haiti-and-jamaica-1938.md) - [Hurston, Zora Neale. *Dust Tracks on the Road.* 1942.](../sources/hurston-zora-neale-i-have-been-in-sorrow-s-kitchen-and-licked-out-all-the-pots-then-i-ha.md) ### Zuby - **Type:** entity - **Status:** provisional # Zuby Zuby appears in the Commons as an independent British rapper, author, and podcaster who has become a widely followed contrarian commentator on race, culture, and personal responsibility. For a chatbot he is a media-native voice: not an academic or institutional figure but a self-published creator whose reach comes from social platforms and long-form conversation, and whose arguments favor individual agency over group grievance. His clearest contribution to the collection's debates is "The Problem with Black Lives Matter" (2020), which distinguishes the moral claim that Black lives matter from the organization and movement bearing that name, and questions the latter's premises and effects. It places him directly on the [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) page as a skeptic who frames his objection in terms of evidence and consequences rather than indifference. Alongside the commentary, *Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody* (2020) reflects the self-improvement, discipline, and personal-agency themes that run through his public persona — the same emphasis on individual responsibility that shapes his cultural arguments. Together the works present Zuby as an accessible, optimism-and-agency voice aimed at a broad online audience. He pairs with the collection's other heterodox public commentators, distinguished by his creator-economy, non-institutional platform. ## Representative works - "The Problem with Black Lives Matter" (2020). - *Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody* (2020). ## Related Pages Topics: [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) · [Wokeness](../topics/wokeness.md) · [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) · [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) Entities: [Coleman Hughes](coleman-hughes.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](wilfred-reilly.md) · [Inaya Folarin Iman](inaya-folarin-iman.md) ## Citations - [Zuby. "The Problem with Black Lives Matter." *Triggernometry*, 2020.](../sources/zuby-the-problem-with-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Zuby. "Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness." 2020, https://gumroad.com/l/zubyfitness.](../sources/zuby-strong-advice-zuby-s-guide-to-fitness-for-everybody-quarantine-fitness-2020.md) ## WikiGraph Topic Pages ### The 1619 Project - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # The 1619 Project The 1619 Project — the *New York Times Magazine*'s 2019 reframing of American history around the arrival of enslaved Africans, led by Nikole Hannah-Jones — is present in the Omni-American Commons almost entirely through its reception. The collection holds responses rather than the project itself, and those responses are overwhelmingly critical, arriving from two camps whose politics are otherwise opposed: professional historians (including writers of the Marxist and mainstream left) who attack the project's scholarship, and conservative writers who attack its account of the American founding. Alongside both sits a deliberate counter-project, **1776 Unites**, organized by Robert L. Woodson. ## The historians' critique Some of the sharpest criticism in the collection comes not from the right but from the left and from within the historical profession. In an interview republished on the World Socialist Web Site, the historian Clayborne Carson questions the project's treatment of the founding; in the same venue, Adolph Reed Jr.'s "Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present" (2019) reads the project as an appropriation of history for present political ends, and faults it for displacing class analysis. Harvey Neptune's essay in *Small Axe* (2020) argues, from an explicitly anti-racist materialist position, that the project marks "a conservative retreat" that "naturaliz[es] race." Daryl Michael Scott's "'Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth'" (*Chronicle of Higher Education*, 2021) extends the professional-historian critique. The most damaging item in this register is procedural. Leslie M. Harris's "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." (*Politico*, 2020) recounts that the author, retained to verify claims, warned the Times against a central assertion about the Revolution and slavery, and was not heeded. Jason A. England's "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga" (2021) likewise separates the merits of the scholarship from the politics of the controversy. ## The critique from the right The conservative response is led, in volume, by Wilfred Reilly, whose several pieces — "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776" (*Quillette*, 2020), "The 1619 False-History Project" (*National Review*, 2022), and the PragerU video "What's Wrong with the 1619 Project?" — concentrate on the founding-date reframing and on what he argues are omissions: the global historical prevalence of slavery and the scale of Black American progress. Lucas E. Morel's "America Wasn't Founded on White Supremacy" (*The American Mind*, 2019), Walter E. Williams's "New York Times' '1619 Project' Has Key Error About Our Founding" (*Daily Signal*, 2019), and Robert L. Woodson's "'The 1619 Project' Hurts Blacks" (*Wall Street Journal*, 2019) press the same founding and pedagogy objections. John McWhorter's "The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin" (*Reason*, 2020) frames the project in quasi-theological terms, as a narrative of inherited guilt. ## The counter-project: 1776 Unites Rather than only rebutting, several writers offer an alternative. Woodson's 1776 Unites initiative gathered essays that emphasize Black agency, achievement, and patriotism against what the contributors see as a narrative of victimhood. The collection holds the set: McWhorter's "We Cannot Allow '1619' to Dumb Down America," John Sibley Butler's "Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie," Jason D. Hill's "The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives," Yaya J. Fanusie's essay on declining patriotism, Clarence Page's "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream,'" and Ian Rowe's argument that the project "perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations." Reilly's "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience" also appears under the 1776 Unites banner. ## Antecedents and a dissenting middle Two older documents give the debate depth. Frederick Douglass's 1852 "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" is held as a touchstone for the argument over whether the nation's founding ideals indict or include Black Americans — Douglass calls the Constitution, "interpreted as it ought to be," a "glorious liberty document." Lerone Bennett Jr.'s 1968 *Ebony* essay "Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist?" is annotated in the collection as a likely uncredited source for the project's assessment of Lincoln. And Jared K. Clemons's "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice" (2021) occupies a distinct middle position: sympathetic to Hannah-Jones personally while declining to treat her as the embodiment of the cause. ## How to read this collection This is an archive of argument *about* the 1619 Project, not of the project itself, and it leans decisively toward the critics. Its distinctive value is in making visible that the criticism is not monolithic: the materialist historians and the conservative essayists both reject the project, but for opposite reasons and toward incompatible ends. The chatbot should not mistake the density of critique here for a settled historical verdict; the project's own case, and its defenders', would need to be sought elsewhere. --- ## Related Pages Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Robert L. Woodson](../entities/robert-l-woodson.md) · [John Sibley Butler](../entities/john-sibley-butler.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Clayborne Carson](../entities/clayborne-carson.md) · [Lucas E. Morel](../entities/lucas-e-morel.md) · [Jason D. Hill](../entities/jason-d-hill.md) Topics: [Slavery](slavery.md) · [Civil Rights](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](patriotism.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Wokeness](wokeness.md) ## Citations - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776." *Quillette*, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-sorry-new-york-times-but-america-began-in-1776-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The 1619 False-History Project." *National Review*, 2022.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-1619-false-history-project-2022.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "What's Wrong with the 1619 Project?" PragerU, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-what-s-wrong-with-the-1619-project-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-slavery-does-not-define-the-black-american-experience-2020.md) - [Carson, Clayborne. "An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times' 1619 Project." World Socialist Web Site, 2020.](../sources/carson-clayborne-an-interview-with-historian-clayborne-carson-on-the-new-york-times-1619.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present." World Socialist Web Site, 2019.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-reinventing-the-past-to-suit-the-purposes-of-the-present-2019.md) - [Neptune, Harvey. Essay on the 1619 Project. *Small Axe*, 2020.](../sources/neptune-harvey-marks-a-conservative-retreat-from-the-much-needed-materialist-road-of-ant.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael. "'Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth'." *Chronicle of Higher Education*, 2021.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-bad-history-and-worse-social-science-have-replaced-truth-2021.md) - [Harris, Leslie M. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." *Politico*, 2020.](../sources/harris-leslie-m-i-helped-fact-check-the-1619-project-the-times-ignored-me-2020.md) - [England, Jason A. "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga." *Chronicle of Higher Education*, 2021.](../sources/england-jason-a-the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga-2021.md) - [Williams, Walter E. "New York Times' '1619 Project' Has Key Error About Our Founding." *The Daily Signal*, 2019.](../sources/williams-walter-e-new-york-times-1619-project-has-key-error-about-our-founding-2019.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. "America Wasn't Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the '1619 Project'." *The American Mind*, 2019.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-america-wasn-t-founded-on-white-supremacy-a-rebuttal-to-the-1619-project-2.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "'The 1619 Project' Hurts Blacks." *Wall Street Journal*, 2019.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-the-1619-project-hurts-blacks-2019.md) - [McWhorter, John. "The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin." *Reason*, 2020.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-1619-project-depicts-an-america-tainted-by-original-sin-2020.md) - [McWhorter, John. "We Cannot Allow '1619' to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-we-cannot-allow-1619-to-dumb-down-america-in-the-name-of-a-crusade-2020.md) - [Butler, John Sibley. "Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/butler-john-sibley-straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century-20.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/hill-jason-d-the-moral-meaning-of-america-two-parallel-narratives-2020.md) - [Page, Clarence. "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream': Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776 Unites, 2019.](../sources/page-clarence-a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimi.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations." Thomas Fordham Institute, 2020.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-1619-project-perpetuates-the-soft-bigotry-of-low-expectations-2020.md) - [Clemons, Jared K. "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America." *Medium*, 2021.](../sources/clemons-jared-k-nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-inj.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. "Fourth of July Oration" ("What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"), 1852.](../sources/douglass-frederick-fourth-of-july-oration-1852.md) - [Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist?" *Ebony*, 1968.](../sources/bennett-lerone-jr-was-abraham-lincoln-a-white-supremacist-1968.md) ### Academia - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Academia ## The university as moral institution The Academia cluster treats universities as sites where knowledge, prestige, and moral politics are entangled. Musa al-Gharbi's essays on sociology, viewpoint diversity, and campus speech give the page its institutional sociology. Thomas Sowell's Inside American Education supplies a longer skeptical account of educational dogma. ## Speech, taboo, and pedagogy Randall Kennedy's work on the N-word and classroom taboo shows why academia cannot be reduced to slogans about free speech. His essays test how legal, pedagogical, and moral judgments collide in actual institutional controversies. This makes Academia a bridge page between Free Speech, Education & Schools, and CRT. ## Viewpoint diversity and reform The page should help a chatbot distinguish three arguments that often blur together: universities are ideologically skewed; universities police speech unevenly; and universities may still be indispensable sites of serious criticism. The Commons leans toward reform and heterodoxy, not anti-intellectual dismissal. --- ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](../entities/musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Randall Kennedy](../entities/randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Sacred Project of American Sociology." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/07/sacred-project-american-sociology/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-the-sacred-project-of-american-sociology-2020.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond,." Capital University Law Review, 2021, https://www.capitallawreview.org/article/21653-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-andbeyond.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-and-beyond-2021.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas. The Free Press, 1993.](../sources/sowell-thomas-inside-american-education-the-decline-the-deception-the-dogmas-1993.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce/.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce-2019.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "How Racist Are Universities, Really?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2020, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-racist-are-universities-really.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-how-racist-are-universities-really-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space." Heterodox Academy, 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/difference-and-repetition-in-the-viewpoint-diversity-space/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-difference-and-repetition-in-the-viewpoint-diversity-space-2021.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most,." Times Higher Education, 2018, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/if-conservative-views-are-not-represented-social-research-leftists-will-suffer-most.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-if-conservative-views-are-not-represented-in-social-research-leftists-wil.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/04/19/comparing-perceived-freedom-of-expression-on-campus-v-off/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-comparing-perceived-freedom-of-expression-on-campus-v-off-2019.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Too Noxious for Tenure?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/too-noxious-for-tenure/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-too-noxious-for-tenure-2019.md) - [Megginson, Elijah. "When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’." NYTimes, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/opinion/college-admissions-essays-trauma.html.](../sources/megginson-elijah-when-i-applied-to-college-i-didn-t-want-to-sell-my-pain-2021.md) - [Ejiofor, Promise Frank. "The new colour line." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/08/the-new-colour-line/.](../sources/ejiofor-promise-frank-the-new-colour-line-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/10/04/reactionary-myopic-approaches-higher-ed-reform/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-against-reactionary-and-myopic-approaches-to-higher-ed-reform-2019.md) ### Acting white - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Acting white ## Peer norms and achievement The acting-white topic gathers a small but important debate about whether academic achievement can be socially penalized among some Black students. John McWhorter, Signithia Fordham, and Roland Fryer represent different parts of the question: historical origin, ethnographic framing, and empirical testing. ## Authenticity meets schooling This page bridges Education & Schools and Authenticity. The acting-white charge matters because it converts achievement into a question of racial belonging. Fryer's empirical work asks where and when the charge appears; McWhorter pushes on the cultural history; Fordham gives the earlier school-success formulation. ## Use with precision A chatbot should avoid treating acting white as a universal explanation for achievement gaps. It is a narrower topic about peer status, identity, and incentives in specific social settings, and it should be paired with Education & Schools when the user's question is really about schooling outcomes. --- ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Roland Fryer](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) ## Citations - [McWhorter, John. "The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge." Atlantic., 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/acting-white-charge-origins/594130/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-origins-of-the-acting-white-charge-2019.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’,." NBER, 2005, https://www.nber.org/papers/w11334.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-acting-white-2005.md) - [Fordham, Signithia. Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’. The Urban Review, 1986.](../sources/fordham-signithia-black-students-school-success-coping-with-the-burden-of-acting-white-1.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students,. Education Next, 2006.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-acting-white-the-social-price-paid-by-the-best-and-brightest-minority-st.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White',." Journal of Public Economics, 2010, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/an empirical analysis of acting white.pdf.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-acting-white-2010.md) ### Affirmative Action - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Affirmative Action Affirmative action is among the oldest and most continuously argued subjects in the Omni-American Commons, and the collection approaches it less as a settled policy question than as a long quarrel about evidence, moral framing, and unintended consequences. The works gathered here span nearly half a century, from Thomas Sowell's *Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia?* (1975) to Bertrand Cooper's "The Truth About Affirmative Action" (*The Atlantic*, 2023), and what unites them is not a shared verdict but a shared insistence that the policy be judged by results rather than intentions. ## The empirical and comparative case The most sustained skeptical argument belongs to Sowell, whose *Preferential Policies: An International Perspective* (1990) and its expanded successor *Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study* (2004) place American race preferences inside a global frame. Sowell's claim is comparative and cautionary: across very different societies, group preferences tend to entrench the divisions they were meant to dissolve, to benefit the already-advantaged members of preferred groups, and to provoke backlash. The same empirical temper runs through the economics literature. In "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology" (*Journal of Economic Perspectives*, 2005), Roland Fryer Jr. and Glenn Loury treat affirmative action as a policy instrument to be modeled rather than celebrated or denounced, cataloguing the "myths" that attach to it from both directions. Their related work on color-blind alternatives asks whether the same distributive goals might be reached without explicit racial classification. This empirical strand is not uniformly abolitionist. Fryer's later "Affirmative action in college admissions doesn't work — but it could" (*Washington Post*, 2022) is, as its title promises, a redesign argument rather than a repeal argument: the failure he diagnoses is one of mechanism and timing — preferences applied too late in the educational pipeline — not of aspiration. Holding Fryer's "it could work" beside Sowell's comparative pessimism marks a genuine fault line in the collection, between those who would end race-based preferences and those who would rebuild them. ## Stigma, mismatch, and the beneficiary's voice A second recurring theme is the cost the policy imposes on the people it is meant to help. Stephen L. Carter's *Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby* (1991) is the collection's signature statement of beneficiary ambivalence: Carter neither repudiates the opportunities he received nor pretends they came without a shadow over how his accomplishments are read. The formal counterpart to Carter's memoir is the economic theory of stigma and "patronization" developed in the work of Loury and Stephen Coate, which models how preferences can degrade the signal value of a credential and so harm qualified members of the very group the policy favors. The "mismatch" concern — that beneficiaries may be placed in settings where they are set up to struggle — recurs across Sowell and the admissions literature. ## Class versus race Carol M. Swain's *Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate* (1996) names a reframing that several later writers take up: that socioeconomic disadvantage may be both a fairer and a more defensible target than race. Threads of this argument appear in the color-blind modeling of Fryer and Loury and in the broader skeptical literature, though the collection does not resolve whether class-based remedy is a replacement for race-based remedy or merely a politically safer proxy for it. ## The renewed debate The 2020s material clusters around the litigation that became *Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard*. Coleman Hughes's "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate" (2020) does not argue a side so much as try to fix the terms of the argument. Hughes contends that any coherent position must first accept a trade-off between what he calls *equality* (treating individuals without regard to race) and *equity* (parity of outcomes at the group level): "Getting more equality necessarily means getting less equity, and vice versa." On this view the one incoherent position is the wish to maximize both at once; the genuine choices are "pro-equality," "pro-equity," or a negotiated middle. John McWhorter's "It's Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action" (*New York Times*, 2022) and Loury's "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action" (2022, in conversation with McWhorter) register a position that has become characteristic of several voices in the Commons: support for the historical aims of civil rights coupled with opposition to contemporary racial preferences. Student and practitioner voices — Germaine Washington on Harvard's admissions practices, Kevin Jon Williams on declining to participate in race-conscious research funding — extend the argument into specific institutions. ## What the collection does and does not contain The center of gravity here is critical: most of the assembled works question race-based affirmative action on empirical, moral, or prudential grounds, and the strongest internal disagreement is between abolition and redesign rather than between opposition and defense. A chatbot using the Commons should treat this as a deep but one-sided archive of the skeptical and reformist case, richly documented in Sowell's comparative history and the Fryer–Loury economics, rather than as a balanced adjudication of the policy. --- ## Related Pages Entities: [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · Stephen L. Carter · Carol M. Swain Topics: [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Discrimination](discrimination.md) · [Civil Rights](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [DEI](dei.md) · [Academia](academia.md) ## Citations - [Sowell, Thomas. *Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study.* New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.](../sources/sowell-thomas-affirmative-action-around-the-world-an-empirical-study-2004.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Preferential Policies: An International Perspective.* New York: William Morrow & Co, 1990.](../sources/sowell-thomas-preferential-policies-an-international-perspective-1990.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia?* American Enterprise Institute, 1975.](../sources/sowell-thomas-affirmative-action-reconsidered-was-it-necessary-in-academia-1975.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. *Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby.* Basic Books, 1991.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-reflections-of-an-affirmative-action-baby-1991.md) - [Swain, Carol M. *Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate.* Rowman & Littlefield, 1996.](../sources/swain-carol-m-race-versus-class-the-new-affirmative-action-debate-1996.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate." *The University of Chicago Law Review Online*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-affirmative-action-towards-a-coherent-debate-2020.md) - [Loury, Glenn (with John McWhorter). "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action." *The Glenn Show*, 2022.](../sources/loury-glenn-turning-the-tide-on-affirmative-action-2022.md) - [McWhorter, John. "It's Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action." *New York Times*, 2022.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-it-s-time-to-end-race-based-affirmative-action-2022.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr., and Glenn Loury. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology." *Journal of Economic Perspectives*, 2005.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-affirmative-action-and-its-mythology-2005.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Affirmative action in college admissions doesn't work — but it could." *Washington Post*, 2022.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-affirmative-action-in-college-admissions-doesn-t-work-but-it-could-2022.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "The Truth About Affirmative Action." *The Atlantic*, 2023.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-the-truth-about-affirmative-action-2023.md) - [Washington, Germaine. "Harvard's Affirmative Action Bluff." *The Princeton Tory*, 2020.](../sources/washington-germaine-harvard-s-affirmative-action-bluff-2020.md) - [Williams, Kevin Jon. "Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences." *Wall Street Journal*, 2022.](../sources/williams-kevin-jon-why-i-m-saying-no-to-nih-s-racial-preferences-2022.md) ### Afrocentrism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Afrocentrism ## A Black Studies boundary dispute Afrocentrism is a small but revealing bridge label. It points to arguments about whether Black Studies should be organized around Africa-centered history, multicultural inclusion, or a broader account of Black intellectual life. Greg Thomas's "The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity" names the academic and cultural dispute directly; Clarence E. Walker's *We Can't Go Home Again* supplies the skeptical book-length treatment of Afrocentric return and origin claims. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when a question concerns Afrocentric curriculum, Africa-centered claims about Black identity, or conflicts inside Black Studies. Route broader questions about Black thought to Black intellectual history, questions about school curricula to Education & Schools, and questions about cultural nationalism to Black Nationalism. Do not treat this sparse label as the whole of Black Studies. --- ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Black Nationalism](black-nationalism.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) ## Citations - [Thomas, Greg. The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity. Village Voice, 1995.](../sources/thomas-greg-the-black-studies-wars-multiculturalism-vs-afrocentricity-1995.md) - [Walker, Clarence E. We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism. Oxford University Press, 2001.](../sources/walker-clarence-e-we-can-t-go-home-again-an-argument-about-afrocentrism-2001.md) ### Afropessimism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Afropessimism ## The temptation of totalizing race Afropessimism enters the Commons as a philosophical and literary argument about whether Blackness is structurally positioned outside the ordinary terms of civil society. Darryl Pinckney, Vinson Cunningham, Jesse McCarthy, and Greg Tate treat it as a serious intellectual development, while Coleman Hughes's Black optimism supplies a nearby counterweight. ## Critique, not dismissal The key tension is whether Afropessimism names a hard truth about anti-Blackness or turns racial domination into an all-encompassing metaphysics. The topic links naturally to Victimhood, Race, Black intellectual history, Coates, and Disparity because it tests how far racial pessimism can go before it forecloses agency, evidence, or political repair. ## Use as a conceptual bridge This is a compact bridge page. A chatbot should use it to orient questions about Frank Wilderson, Ta-Nehisi Coates-adjacent pessimism, Black optimism, and the critique of racial fatalism, then route to more specific source pages when the user asks about a particular author. --- ## Related Pages [Race](race.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Coates, Ta-Nehisi](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Pinckney, Darryl. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation." New York Review of Books, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/ta-nehisi-coates-afro-pessimist-temptation/.](../sources/pinckney-darryl-the-afro-pessimist-temptation-2018.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-case-for-black-optimism-2019.md) - [Cunningham, Vinson. "The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’." New Yorker, 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-argument-of-afropessimism.](../sources/cunningham-vinson-the-argument-of-afropessimism-2020.md) - [McCarthy, Jesse. "On Afropessimism." Afropessimism, 2020, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/on-afropessimism/.](../sources/mccarthy-jesse-on-afropessimism-2020.md) - [Tate, Greg. "Afropessimism and Its Discontents." The Nation, 2021, https://www.thenation.com/article/society/afropessimism-wilderson-critical-race/.](../sources/tate-greg-afropessimism-and-its-discontents-2021.md) ### Allyship - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Allyship ## Against performance The Allyship label is a 2020 protest-era bridge. Its two sources are less a theory of cross-racial solidarity than a critique of performative solidarity. Brittany Talissa King's "I Am Not Your #HashTag" situates white allyship inside the Black Lives Matter protest moment, while Quincy Bingham's "My idea of an ally" pushes away from theatrical responsibility-taking and toward ordinary respect, individuality, and refusing assumptions about what Black people must think. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when a user asks how writers in the Commons criticize allyship, solidarity rituals, or race-conscious performance. Route institutional anti-racism questions to Anti-racism, protest questions to Black Lives Matter, and paternalism questions to White Saviors. The core tension is not whether solidarity is good, but whether the performance of allyship crowds out equal regard. --- ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [White Saviors](white-saviors.md) · [Lived experience](lived-experience.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Race](race.md) ## Citations - [King, Brittany Talissa. "I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/iamnotyouhashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-b39e5d676f72.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-i-am-not-your-hashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "My idea of an ally." QuincyLSB.com, 2020.](../sources/bingham-quincy-my-idea-of-an-ally-2020.md) ### Anti-racism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Anti-racism ## Anti-racism as rival traditions The anti-racism cluster is not a rejection of racial justice. It is a disagreement over what anti-racism means. Coleman Hughes and Inaya Folarin Iman argue for universalist or colorblind alternatives; John McWhorter criticizes what he sees as neoracist moral language; Brittany Talissa King invokes Martin Luther King Jr. as a countermodel. The page should help the chatbot distinguish anti-racist aspiration from the institutional ideology many writers criticize. ## Class, institutions, and elite incentives Adolph Reed Jr.'s work gives the topic its materialist edge. His critique of anti-racism as a neoliberal alternative to a left argues that racial-disparity language can detach politics from class, labor, and political economy. Musa al-Gharbi and Delano Squires add a related institutional story: anti-racist language can become a status practice among elites even when it does little for the people invoked by it. ## The internal fault line The central tension is between two claims: that race-conscious anti-racism is necessary to identify persistent injustice, and that race-conscious anti-racism can harden racial essentialism. The Commons leans toward the second concern but contains enough variation that a chatbot should avoid treating anti-racism as a single doctrine. The Journal of Free Black Thought additions sharpen that distinction. Nafees Alam's "Antiracism That Erases Black History" and Erec Smith's later campus-facing pieces should be read as internal critiques of what anti-racism becomes when it turns Black people into symbols rather than agents. --- ## Related Pages [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [White fragility](white-fragility.md) · [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Erec Smith](../entities/erec-smith.md) · [Nafees Alam](../entities/nafees-alam.md) · [Chloé Valdary](../entities/chlo-valdary.md) ## Citations - [Hughes, Coleman. "A Better Anti-Racism." Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/a-better-anti-racism.](../sources/hughes-coleman-a-better-anti-racism-2020.md) - [McWhorter, John. "The Neoracists." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/john-mcwhorter-the-neoracists.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-neoracists-2021.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist." Medium, 2021, https://brtking-7.medium.com/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racist-5a667ef3cf7d.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racis.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left,." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-antiracism-a-neoliberal-alternative-to-a-left-2018.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/16/in-defence-of-colourblindness/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-in-defence-of-colourblindness-we-must-reject-the-new-race-essentialis.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times Op-Ed., 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/ta-nehisi-coates-whiteness-power.html.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-how-ta-nehisi-coates-gives-whiteness-power-2017.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Limits of Anti-Racism,." Left Business Observer, 2009, https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Antiracism.html.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-limits-of-anti-racism-2009.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Racism 2.0." Politico, 2015, https://www.politico.eu/article/racism-2-0-atticus-finch-to-kill-a-mockingbird-watchman-harper-lee/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-racism-2-0-2015.md) - [McWhorter, John. "The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World." The Atlantic, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/why-third-wave-anti-racism-dead-end/578764/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-virtue-signalers-won-t-change-the-world-2018.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’." Nonsite.org., 2016, https://nonsite.org/splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2/.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2016.md) - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-california-ethnic-studies-curriculum-imposes-critical-race-theory-ex.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully." Areo, 2021, https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-.md) - [Alam, Nafees. "“Antiracism” That Erases Black History." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/antiracism-that-erases-black-history.](../sources/nafees-alam-antiracism-that-erases-black-history-2026.md) - [Smith, Erec. "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses.](../sources/smith-erec-the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses-2024.md) ### Art & literature - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Art & literature ## Art against racial reduction The literary and artistic materials in the Commons repeatedly resist the idea that Black art should be read mainly as racial testimony. Albert Murray is the gravitational center: the Murray-related essays place blues, improvisation, and American vernacular style at the center of national culture rather than at its margins. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Tomiwa Owolade, Bertrand Cooper, and Thomas Chatterton Williams extend the problem into contemporary fiction, curriculum, and pop culture. ## Canon, curriculum, and permission A recurring tension is whether broadening the canon requires narrowing the range of permissible interpretation. Owolade's defenses of Larkin and critiques of curriculum decolonization sit beside Adichie's worry that ideological purity can flatten literary imagination. The chatbot should treat this topic as a cultural counterpart to Free Speech and Academia: art needs room for mixed motives, ambiguous characters, and inheritance across racial boundaries. ## Authenticity and ownership The collection's art pages also connect directly to authenticity. Cooper asks who gets to create Black pop culture; Murray and his interpreters reject folklore-like accounts of racial purity; Williams and Owolade show how racial authenticity can become a constraint on artistic seriousness. The page should make those tensions available without over-formalizing a concept page yet. --- ## Related Pages [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [“Authenticity”](authenticity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md) · [Tomiwa Owolade](../entities/tomiwa-owolade.md) · [Thomas Chatterton Williams](../entities/thomas-chatterton-williams.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](../entities/henry-louis-gates-jr.md) ## Citations - [Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions." The Guardian, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-authors-questions.](../sources/adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-i-am-a-pessimistic-optimist-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-au.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" Current Affairs, 2021, https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/07/who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture-2021.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Blues for Albert Murray." The Nation, 2016, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/blues-for-murray/.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-a-blues-for-albert-murray-2016.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The black saint against white guilt." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-black-saint-against-white-guilt/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-black-saint-against-white-guilt-2021.md) - [Thompson, Clifford. "Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray." LA Review of Books, 2016, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hero-blues-celebrating-albert-murray/.](../sources/thompson-clifford-our-hero-and-his-blues-celebrating-albert-murray-2016.md) - [McKnight, Matthew. "The Omni-Americans." Tablet Mag., 2019, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/the-omni-americans.](../sources/mcknight-matthew-the-omni-americans-2019.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum." Critical Quarterly, 2022, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/criq.12675.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-a-letter-on-decolonising-the-curriculum-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/06/black-kids-should-study-larkin/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-black-kids-should-study-larkin-decolonising-the-curriculum-is-a-patronisi.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." New Republic, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump.](../sources/thomas-greg-reading-albert-murray-in-the-age-of-trump-2017.md) - [Ellis, Trey. "The New Black Aesthetic." Callaloo, 1989, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2931157.](../sources/ellis-trey-the-new-black-aesthetic-1989.md) - [Renfro, Gloster Herbert. "Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago." (With a biography of G, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021.](../sources/renfro-gloster-herbert-life-and-works-of-phillis-wheatley-containing-her-complete-poetic.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How." The Atlantic, 2024, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/drake-kendrick-lamar-race/678426/.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-race-has-always-shaped-pop-music-it-s-just-never-been-clear-h.md) ### Authenticity - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Authenticity ## Authenticity as pressure The authenticity cluster gathers works about who is permitted to speak, create, dissent, or represent Black experience. Bertrand Cooper, Touré Reed, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Matthew Clair, Zadie Smith, and Erec Smith all describe versions of the same pressure: the demand that Black thought appear in a legible, morally authorized, racially recognizable form. ## Audience, ownership, and performance The topic is especially important where art, scholarship, and public argument overlap. Cooper's question about Black pop culture, Clair's account of Black intellectuals before white audiences, and Zadie Smith's account of Black pain all show that authenticity can be both a claim of ownership and a form of constraint. It can protect against extraction, but it can also police individuality. ## Murray's alternative Albert Murray gives the page a counter-tradition. His Omni-American insistence on cultural mixture resists racial purity, while John McWhorter's *Authentically Black* and Stanley Crouch's *The Artificial White Man* press related objections to narrow ideas of racial correctness. Authenticity should therefore be treated as a live tension rather than a settled virtue or vice. --- ## Related Pages [Race](race.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Citations - [Cooper, Bertrand. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" Current Affairs, 2021, https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/07/who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture-2021.md) - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference." The Philosopher, 2020, https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/essay-taiwo.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-being-in-the-room-privilege-elite-capture-and-epistemic-deference-2020.md) - [Reed, Touré F. "‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity." Jacobin, 2020, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity.](../sources/reed-toure-f-jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity-2020.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree." New York Times., 1991, https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/24/books/authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree.html.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree-1991.md) - [Clair, Matthew. "Black intellectuals and white audiences." Public Books, 2016, https://www.publicbooks.org/black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences/.](../sources/clair-matthew-black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences-2016.md) - [Smith, Zadie. "Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain?" The New Yorker, 2017, https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/.](../sources/smith-zadie-getting-in-and-out-who-owns-black-pain-2017.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Virtue racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/18/virtue-racism/.](../sources/smith-erec-virtue-racism-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "The Loss of the Black Individual." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/.](../sources/smith-erec-the-loss-of-the-black-individual-2020.md) - [Crouch, Stanley. The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity. Civitas, 2004.](../sources/crouch-stanley-the-artificial-white-man-essays-on-authenticity-2004.md) - [McWhorter, John. Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority. Avery, 2003.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-authentically-black-essays-for-the-black-silent-majority-2003.md) - [Smith, Erec. "‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’." Penn Live, 2020, https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2020/08/skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-opinion.html.](../sources/smith-erec-skin-folk-aren-t-always-kin-folk-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/free-black-thought-a-manifesto.](../sources/smith-erec-free-black-thought-a-manifesto-2021.md) ### Black America, state of - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Black America, state of ## A balance sheet, argued two ways This label collects attempts to take stock of Black American life as a whole — the "state of Black America" as a recurring genre of assessment. The page frames that debate in its characteristic form: a contest between an optimistic, progress-emphasizing reading and a darker, persistence-of-inequality reading, conducted largely with the same data. Coleman Hughes's "The Case for Black Optimism" (2019) marshals figures on falling incarceration and rising attainment to argue that the trajectory is strongly positive. Orlando Patterson's "Black Americans" (2008) places Black American achievement inside a frame of national exceptionalism. On the other side, Glenn Loury's "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist?" (2019) insists that durable gaps remain a national disgrace, and Janelle Jones's "50 years after the Kerner Commission" (2018) splits the difference empirically: African Americans are better off on many measures yet still disadvantaged on others. ## A long lineage of stocktaking The genre is old, and the page should keep its lineage visible. Ralph Bunche's research for Gunnar Myrdal's *An American Dilemma* (1944) is the mid-century benchmark against which later assessments implicitly measure progress. Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates Jr.'s *Africana* encyclopedia (2005) supplies the reference-work version of the same impulse, and Anthony B. Bradley's *Black and Tired* (2011) and *Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century* (2020) bring a Christian and developmental emphasis on flourishing rather than grievance. The Journal of Free Black Thought layer adds shorter stocktaking pieces that ask how Black America should understand progress, responsibility, and political dependence now. Kendall Qualls, John Washington, Michael H. Creswell, and Adam B. Coleman make this page more useful for questions about civic confidence, intracommunity responsibility, and whether Black politics is being organized around agency or dependency. ## How a chatbot should use this page Reach for this page when a question asks, in effect, "how are Black Americans doing?" Its core orientation: the same indicators support an optimistic and a pessimistic reading depending on whether one stresses the trend or the gap, and the sources here contain careful versions of both (Hughes/Patterson vs. Loury, with Jones holding the middle). Do not let the page settle the question; route causation to [Disparity](disparity.md) and [Discrimination](discrimination.md), the pessimist pole to [Afropessimism](afropessimism.md), the framing fight to [Victimhood](victimhood.md), and the named thinkers to [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md), [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md), and [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md). --- ## Related Pages [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Discrimination](discrimination.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Class](class.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) · [Kendall Qualls](../entities/kendall-qualls.md) · [John Washington](../entities/john-washington.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](../entities/michael-h-creswell.md) · [Adam B. Coleman](../entities/adam-b-coleman.md) · Afropessimism ## Citations - [Bunche, Ralph (research for Gunnar Myrdal). *An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.* Harper & Brothers, 1944.](../sources/bunche-ralph-an-american-dilemma-the-negro-problem-and-modern-democracy-1944.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. "Black Americans." In *Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation*, 2008.](../sources/patterson-orlando-black-americans-2008.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.* 2005.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-africana-the-encyclopedia-of-the-african-and-african-american-exper.md) - [Jones, Janelle. "50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality." Economic Policy Institute Report, 2018, https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/.](../sources/jones-janelle-50-years-after-the-kerner-commission-african-americans-are-better-off-in-m.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." Quillette, 2019.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-case-for-black-optimism-2019.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility." Manhattan Institute, 2019.](../sources/loury-glenn-why-does-racial-inequality-persist-culture-causation-and-responsibility-2019.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. *Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development.* Wipf & Stock, 2011.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-black-and-tired-essays-on-race-politics-culture-and-international-deve.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. *Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century.* Cascade, 2020.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-why-black-lives-matter-african-american-thriving-for-the-twenty-first-.md) - [Qualls, Kendall. "We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-must-return-to-the-classical-black.](../sources/kendall-qualls-we-must-return-to-the-classical-black-american-tradition-2026.md) - [Washington, John. "Blaming Racism Won't Cut It." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blaming-racism-wont-cut-it.](../sources/washington-john-blaming-racism-won-t-cut-it-2025.md) - [Creswell, Michael H. "What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-trumps-second-term-mean.](../sources/michael-creswell-what-does-trump-s-second-term-mean-for-black-america-2025.md) ### Black intellectual history - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Black intellectual history ## A tradition of argument, not unanimity Black intellectual history appears in the Commons as an argument about inheritance. Du Bois is the unavoidable early hub: the scholar, polemicist, historian, and activist whose concepts later writers continue to inherit and contest. The sources range from Vincent Lloyd's account of Black natural law and Danielle Allen's work on Prince Hall to Brittany Talissa King's essays on free thought and Adolph Reed Jr.'s edited work on African American political thought. The point is not to recover a single Black intellectual line; it is to preserve the conflict within the tradition. ## Canon, dissent, and institutional memory The topic also contains works about how canons form. Appiah's *Africana*, Keisha N. Blain's work on the Black intellectual tradition, Martin Kilson's history of the intelligentsia, and John R. Wood Jr.'s account of Black contrarianism make clear that intellectual history is partly a cataloguing problem: which voices are remembered, which are flattened, and which are treated as betrayals. Jennifer Richmond's American Heroes series and Glenn McNair's political-history essays extend that cataloguing work into the Journal of Free Black Thought layer. They are useful as connective tissue: Richmond recovers exemplars for civic memory, while McNair contests romanticized political narratives from within Black historical argument. ## Connection to the Commons itself This is one of the self-describing topics for the project. It links the public mission of Free Black Thought to older debates over citizenship, religion, literary inheritance, civil rights, anti-racism, and heterodoxy. A chatbot should use this page when a user asks not only what a given author says, but how that author fits inside a longer tradition of Black argument. --- ## Related Pages [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Religion](religion.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](../entities/w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) · [Jennifer Richmond](../entities/jennifer-richmond.md) · [Glenn McNair](../entities/glenn-mcnair.md) · [Greg Thomas](../entities/greg-thomas.md) ## Citations - [King, Brittany Talissa. "The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-4ccf2f3a880b.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-2020.md) - [Lloyd, Vincent. Black Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2016.](../sources/lloyd-vincent-black-natural-law-2016.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "Free Black Thought." Tablet, 2020, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/dubois-washington-black-lives-matter.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-free-black-thought-2020.md) - [Allen, Danielle. "How Prince Hall Joined the Fight for Black Citizenship." The Atlantic, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/prince-hall-forgotten-founder/617791/.](../sources/allen-danielle-how-prince-hall-joined-the-fight-for-black-citizenship-2021.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. (5 vols, 2005.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-africana-the-encyclopedia-of-the-african-and-african-american-exper.md) - [Blain, Keisha N. "New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition." Northwestern University Press, 2018, https://nupress.northwestern.edu/9780810138124/new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition/.](../sources/blain-keisha-n-new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition-2018.md) - [Kilson, Martin. Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012. Harvard University Press, 2014.](../sources/kilson-martin-transformation-of-the-african-american-intelligentsia-1880-2012-2014.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought. Routledge, 2010.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-renewing-black-intellectual-history-the-ideological-and-material-foundati.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body." Viewpoint Magazine, 2017, https://viewpointmag.com/2017/05/17/the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body/.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body-2017.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "The spectrum of black contrarianism." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/10/20/the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism/.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism-2018.md) - [King, Brittany Talissa. "I’m Not Gonna Let You Finish, Kanye." The Daily Beast, 2020, https://www.thedailybeast.com/no-kanye-west-im-not-gonna-let-you-finish.](../sources/king-brittany-talissa-i-m-not-gonna-let-you-finish-kanye-2020.md) - [Shelby, Tommie. To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018.](../sources/shelby-tommie-to-shape-a-new-world-essays-on-the-political-philosophy-of-martin-luther-k.md) - [Richmond, Jennifer. "American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement-2025.md) - [McNair, Glenn. "The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries.](../sources/glenn-mcnair-the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries-2025.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american.](../sources/thomas-greg-can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american-dilemma-2022.md) ### Black Lives Matter - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Black Lives Matter In the Omni-American Commons, Black Lives Matter is approached less as a cause to endorse or oppose than as an object of argument approached from several incompatible directions at once. The collection holds the academic study of the movement, a dense body of critique from the political right and center, a distinct and equally pointed critique from the Marxist left, investigative reporting on the BLM organization's finances, and statements of dissent from inside the movement itself. One distinction organizes much of this material: the difference between Black Lives Matter as a *slogan and movement* and the **Black Lives Matter Global Network** as an *organization*. Several writers who are willing to grant the moral weight of the former direct their sharpest words at the latter. The page should also route through a few compact source nodes. [E2 Review Podcast](../entities/e2-review-podcast.md) points to a statistical conversation about whether BLM-related claims are accurate; [Truth, No Chaser](../entities/no-chaser-truth.md) is useful mainly as a platform node for Delano Squires's Black-conservative commentary; [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) connects BLM-era politics to the defund-the-police debate. ## Studying the movement The most measured voice in the set is the political scientist Alvin B. Tillery Jr., whose "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter" (*Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics*, 2019) and "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement?" (with Tabitha Bonilla, *American Political Science Review*, 2020) treat the movement as an empirical phenomenon — analyzing its rhetoric, its framing strategies, and how different appeals affect support. Tillery's 2017 polling on how African Americans actually view the movement supplies a counterweight to essays that speak *for* Black opinion rather than measuring it. ## The critique from the right and center A large share of the collection argues against BLM from the right or center, and these essays cluster around a few claims. The first is empirical: Wilfred Reilly's "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter" (*Spiked*, 2020) contends that a precipitating case for the movement rests on a contested account of the facts, and his "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" (*Quillette*, 2021) ties the movement's effects to a measurable rise in violence. The second is the charge of inauthenticity and victimhood: Shelby Steele's "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter" (*Wall Street Journal*, 2020) and Jason D. Hill's "My 'Black Lives Matter' Problem" (*Commentary*, 2018) argue that the movement trades on a narrative of perpetual victimization detached from Black achievement and aspiration. Coleman Hughes's "The moral case against Black Lives Matter" (*UnHerd*, 2020) presses a distinct, narrower line: that even granting good intentions, the movement's empirical premises about policing do not hold. Around these run a set of international and cultural voices — Sonia Orlu, Wanjiru Njoya, Inaya Folarin Iman, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and the musician Zuby — who variously argue that BLM sows division, imports an American racial frame into other societies, or does not belong in schools. ## The critique from the left It would misread the collection to treat all of its BLM criticism as conservative. The political scientist Cedric Johnson supplies a sustained critique from the socialist left. In "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption" (*Nonsite*, 2020), "What Black Life Actually Looks Like" (*Jacobin*, 2019), and "The Panthers Can't Save Us Now" (*Catalyst*, 2017), Johnson argues that a race-first frame obscures the class dynamics of Black life and proves compatible with — even useful to — corporate and neoliberal interests. R. L. Stephens II's "From Hashtag to Strategy" (*In These Times*, 2017) makes a kindred argument about the movement's strategic limits. These writers fault BLM not for going too far but for not going where they think it should: toward material, class-based politics. That the same movement is charged with radicalism by one set of critics and with insufficient radicalism by another is one of the collection's defining tensions. ## Money, governance, and dissent from within A further body of material concerns the BLM Global Network as an institution. Sean Kevin Campbell's "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" (*New York Magazine*, 2022) and Jaron Mays's reporting on the organization's tax filings press questions about where donations went. The most striking items here come from inside the movement: the #BLM10 "It is Time for Accountability" statement (2020) and the Black Lives Matter Inland Empire chapter's disaffiliation declaration (2021) accuse the national network of operating as a "top-down dogmatic organization" that capitalized on grassroots labor and "commodified Black death." These are not opponents of the movement but participants in it, and their presence in the collection guards against reading the criticism as purely external. ## The civil-rights contrast Finally, Barbara Reynolds's "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it's hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter" (*Washington Post*, 2015) — the earliest item in the set — frames a generational contrast between the older civil-rights tradition's discipline and methods and BLM's decentralized, confrontational style. The contrast recurs implicitly across the collection whenever writers measure BLM against an earlier model of Black political action. ## How to read this collection The assembled material is heavily weighted toward skepticism, and the chatbot should hold that in view: sustained, sympathetic defenses of Black Lives Matter are scarce here, and the nearest things to a neutral treatment are Tillery's empirical scholarship and the left critique that faults BLM on its own terms. The collection's real value is in showing that opposition to the movement is not ideologically uniform — it arrives from the right, from the Marxist left, from journalists tracking the money, and from disaffected members — and that the disagreements among the critics are as sharp as their disagreements with the movement. --- ## Related Pages Entities: [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Shelby Steele](../entities/shelby-steele.md) · [Jason D. Hill](../entities/jason-d-hill.md) · [Cedric Johnson](../entities/cedric-johnson.md) · [Alvin B. Tillery Jr.](../entities/alvin-b-tillery-jr.md) · [E2 Review Podcast](../entities/e2-review-podcast.md) · [Truth, No Chaser](../entities/no-chaser-truth.md) · [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) Topics: [Police](police.md) · [1619 Project](1619-project.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Class](class.md) ## Citations - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter." *Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics*, 2019.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-what-kind-of-movement-is-black-lives-matter-the-view-from-twitter-201.md) - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr., and Tabitha Bonilla. "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement?" *American Political Science Review*, 2020.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-which-identity-frames-boost-support-for-and-mobilization-in-the-black.md) - [Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement." CSDD Poll, Northwestern University, 2017.](../sources/tillery-alvin-b-jr-how-african-americans-see-the-black-lives-matter-movement-2017.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The moral case against Black Lives Matter." *UnHerd*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-moral-case-against-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter." *Spiked*, 2020.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-michael-brown-the-founding-myth-of-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" *Quillette*, 2021.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-did-the-blm-protests-against-the-police-lead-to-the-2020-spike-in-homicid.md) - [Steele, Shelby. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter." *Wall Street Journal*, 2020.](../sources/steele-shelby-the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Hill, Jason D. "My 'Black Lives Matter' Problem." *Commentary*, 2018.](../sources/hill-jason-d-my-black-lives-matter-problem-2018.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption." *Nonsite*, 2020.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption-2020.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "What Black Life Actually Looks Like." *Jacobin*, 2019.](../sources/johnson-cedric-what-black-life-actually-looks-like-2019.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Panthers Can't Save Us Now." *Catalyst*, 2017.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-panthers-can-t-save-us-now-2017.md) - [Stephens II, R. L. "From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter." *In These Times*, 2017.](../sources/stephens-ii-r-l-from-hashtag-to-strategy-the-growing-pains-of-black-lives-matter-2017.md) - [Campbell, Sean Kevin. "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" *New York Magazine*, 2022.](../sources/campbell-sean-the-blm-mystery-where-did-the-money-go-2022.md) - [#BLM10. "It is Time for Accountability." BLM Chapter Statement, 2020.](../sources/blm10-it-is-time-for-accountability-2020.md) - [Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California). Chapter disaffiliation statement, 2021.](../sources/black-lives-matter-inland-empire-california-statement-announcing-break-with-blm-global-n.md) - Reynolds, Barbara. "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s…" *Washington Post*, 2015. ### Black Nationalism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Black Nationalism ## A term with a history of misfit Black Nationalism is currently a one-source bridge. Daryl Michael Scott's "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis" asks how Black nationalism became detached from ordinary questions of sovereignty and came to name a broader mix of Black solidarity, cultural consciousness, and political thought. That makes the label useful, but also dangerous if treated as a catch-all. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask what Black nationalism means as a category or why the term has been applied so broadly. Route broader intellectual history to Black intellectual history, activist politics to Politics & Activism, cultural-origin questions to Afrocentrism, and civil-rights questions to Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era. Make clear that the present Commons evidence is thin. --- ## Related Pages [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Afrocentrism](afrocentrism.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Citations - [Scott, Daryl Michael. "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis." Fire!!!, 2012, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/fire.1.2.0006.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-how-black-nationalism-became-sui-generis-2012.md) ### Blackface - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Blackface ## Mockery, resemblance, and performance Blackface appears in the Commons as a question about racial performance rather than a single moral formula. John McWhorter's "Are all instances of blackface alike?" asks whether intent and context matter when a person darkens skin to mock Black people, to resemble a performer, or to participate in a costume tradition. Louis Onuorah Chude-Sokei's work on Bert Williams points backward to minstrelsy and to the more complicated case of Black performers working inside, appropriating, and distorting racial stereotypes. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page to distinguish historical minstrelsy, contemporary scandal, and broader identity performance. Route impersonation cases involving Rachel Dolezal, Jessica Krug, or similar figures to White people posing as black/non-white; route literary and performance-history questions to Art & literature; route cancellation or punishment questions to Cancel Culture. --- ## Related Pages [White people posing as black/non-white](white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Cancel Culture](cancel-culture.md) ## Citations - [McWhorter, John. "Are all instances of blackface alike?" The Atlantic, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/mark-herring-and-grey-zones-blackface/582355/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-are-all-instances-of-blackface-alike-2019.md) - [Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. Darky. The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora, 2006.](../sources/chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-darky-2006.md) ### Cancel Culture - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Cancel Culture ## Norm enforcement and public shaming Cancel Culture is a bridge topic for disputes over call-outs, punishment, speech norms, and public shaming. Steve QJ, Loretta J. Ross, Rebekah Adams, and Ayishat Akanbi approach the problem from different angles, but the common issue is whether social accountability has become coercive, performative, or indiscriminate. ## Calling out versus calling in Loretta Ross gives the topic an internal distinction that matters: criticism need not take the form of public banishment. Her call-in/call-out frame lets a chatbot discuss cancellation without collapsing all criticism into censorship or all backlash into justice. ## Relation to free speech This page should stay subordinate to Free Speech when the user's question is about legal or institutional speech rights. It becomes most useful when the question is about social punishment, reputational coercion, online moral performance, or the difference between disagreement and excommunication. --- ## Related Pages [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [N-Word](n-word.md) · [Academia](academia.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) ## Citations - [QJ, Steve. "The Corrosive Cost of Cancel Culture." Medium., 2022, https://steveqj.medium.com/the-corrosive-cost-of-cancel-culture-ed61f6837bae.](../sources/qj-steve-the-corrosive-cost-of-cancel-culture-2022.md) - [Ross, Loretta J. "I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." New York Times, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/17/opinion/sunday/cancel-culture-call-out.html.](../sources/ross-loretta-j-i-m-a-black-feminist-i-think-call-out-culture-is-toxic-2019.md) - [Adams, Rebekah. "Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/cancel-cultures-anti-semitism-problem/.](../sources/adams-rebekah-cancel-culture-s-anti-semitism-problem-2020.md) - [Akanbi, Ayishat. "Double Down News." 2020, https://www.instagram.com/tv/B7ldpUBAqiR/.](../sources/akanbi-ayishat-the-problem-with-cancel-culture-2020.md) - [Ross, Loretta J. Calling in the Calling Out Culture. Forthcoming.](../sources/ross-loretta-j-calling-in-the-calling-out-culture-forthcoming.md) ### Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era The Commons treats civil rights as a tradition, not simply as a period. The familiar era of King, Hamer, Rustin, Randolph, and the mid-century movement sits inside a longer argument about American freedom: Frederick Douglass's Fourth of July oration, Anna Julia Cooper's *A Voice from the South*, W. E. B. Du Bois's long account of the color line, and Rayford Logan's *What the Negro Wants* all precede the canonical movement while asking the same fundamental question. Can America be made answerable to its own universal claims? The civil-rights movement proper appears as moral witness joined to democratic strategy. King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" is not only a protest text; it is an argument about law, conscience, urgency, and the obligations of citizenship. Fannie Lou Hamer's life and speeches bring that language down to the ground of local intimidation, voting rights, poverty, and personal courage. Bayard Rustin and A. Philip Randolph add a labor, coalition, and democratic-socialist strand that resists reducing civil rights to either courtroom doctrine or symbolic recognition. The second major layer is memory. Vincent Harding's *There is a River*, Hanes Walton Jr.'s work on King's political philosophy, Clarence B. Jones's *Behind the Dream*, and collections around Hamer and Rustin all ask how the movement should be remembered. This matters because civil-rights memory is not inert. It becomes a source of authority claimed by later movements, school curricula, public rituals, and policy arguments. The third layer is post-civil-rights dispute. Thomas Sowell's *Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality*, Shelby Steele's *The Content of Our Character* and *A Dream Deferred*, Ward Connerly's *Lessons from My Uncle James*, and Robert L. Woodson's "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights" all argue, in different registers, that later racial politics can trade on the movement's moral capital while abandoning its discipline of universalism, self-command, and equal citizenship. These are not anti-civil-rights arguments. They are arguments over who inherits the movement and on what terms. That inheritance question connects directly to free speech and education. Henry Louis Gates Jr.'s "Let Them Talk" insists that civil liberties do not threaten civil rights; they are part of the same democratic settlement. Clarence B. Jones's objections to ethnic-studies curricula show how the movement's memory becomes contested in classrooms. Jennifer Richmond's American Heroes series and Jake Mackey's Fourth of July essay extend the same inheritance question into the Journal of Free Black Thought layer: civil rights becomes part of a broader civic-memory argument, not only a rights-law archive. The civil-rights page should therefore be a hinge page: it links backward to abolition and constitutional promise, sideways to free expression and education, and forward to debates over affirmative action, anti-racism, colorblindness, and Black Lives Matter. ## Related Pages Topics: [Slavery](slavery.md) · [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](thirteenth-amendment.md) · [Voting / Voter Suppression](voting-voter-suppression.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) Entities: [W. E. B. Du Bois](../entities/w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Shelby Steele](../entities/shelby-steele.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) · [Henry Louis Gates Jr](../entities/henry-louis-gates-jr.md) · [Jennifer Richmond](../entities/jennifer-richmond.md) · [Jake Mackey](../entities/jake-mackey.md) · [Glenn McNair](../entities/glenn-mcnair.md) ## Citations - [Douglass, Frederick. "Fourth of July Oration." 1852.](../sources/douglass-frederick-fourth-of-july-oration-1852.md) - [Cooper, Anna Julia. *A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South*. Aldine Printing House, 1892.](../sources/cooper-anna-julia-a-voice-from-the-south-by-a-black-woman-of-the-south-1892.md) - [King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." 1963.](../sources/king-martin-luther-jr-letter-from-a-birmingham-jail-1963.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography*. KIPCO, 1967.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-to-praise-our-bridges-an-autobiography-1967.md) - [Harding, Vincent. *There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America*. Harcourt Brace, 1983.](../sources/harding-vincent-there-is-a-river-the-black-struggle-for-freedom-in-america-1983.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality*. William Morrow, 1984.](../sources/sowell-thomas-civil-rights-rhetoric-or-reality-1984.md) - [Steele, Shelby. *The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America*. Harper Perennial, 1991.](../sources/steele-shelby-the-content-of-our-character-a-new-vision-of-race-in-america-1991.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights." *New Republic*, 1993.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-let-them-talk-why-civil-liberties-pose-no-threat-to-civil-rights-19.md) - [Rustin, Bayard. *I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's Life in Letters*. City Lights Books, 2012.](../sources/rustin-bayard-i-must-resist-bayard-rustin-s-life-in-letters-2012.md) - [Woodson, Robert L. "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights." *Wall Street Journal*, 2021.](../sources/woodson-robert-l-how-the-left-hijacked-civil-rights-2021.md) - [Richmond, Jennifer. "American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement-2025.md) - [Mackey, Jake. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af.](../sources/jake-mackey-what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-2024.md) ### Class - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Class ## Race reduction and material politics Class enters the Commons as a challenge to explanations that make race do too much analytical work. Touré Reed and Adolph Reed Jr. argue that racial-disparity language can obscure labor, political economy, and institutional distribution. Their point is not that racism is imaginary; it is that race-first interpretation can become a way of avoiding material explanation. ## Movements, elites, and redistribution Cedric Johnson, Briahna Joy Gray, and Preston H. Smith II extend the question into movement politics. Black Lives Matter, civil-rights memory, and progressive rhetoric appear here as arguments about what coalitions are for: symbolic recognition, elite representation, policy redistribution, or durable working-class organization. The page should help a chatbot keep those political possibilities separate. ## The class page as a corrective This topic connects strongly to Disparity, Anti-racism, Politics & Activism, and Victimhood. Its recurring use is diagnostic: when an answer is tempted to treat every unequal outcome as racial causation alone, the class materials supply a competing account of incentives, institutions, wealth, and social location. --- ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · Touré Reed ## Citations - [Reed, Touré. Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism. Verso, 2020.](../sources/reed-tour-toward-freedom-the-case-against-race-reductionism-2020.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents,." Socialist Register, 2012, https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~merlinc/ReedChowkwanyunSR.pdf.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-race-class-crisis-the-discourse-of-racial-disparity-and-its-analytical-di.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left,." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-antiracism-a-neoliberal-alternative-to-a-left-2018.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Panthers Can’t Save Us Now." Catalyst, 2017, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no1/panthers-cant-save-us-cedric-johnson.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-panthers-can-t-save-us-now-2017.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption." Nonsite, 2020, https://nonsite.org/editorial/the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption-2020.md) - [Gray, Briahna Joy. "Beware the race reductionist." The Intercept, 2018, https://theintercept.com/2018/08/26/beware-the-race-reductionist/.](../sources/gray-briahna-joy-beware-the-race-reductionist-2018.md) - [Reed, Touré. "Why Liberals Separate Race from Class." Jacobin, 2015, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement.](../sources/reed-tour-why-liberals-separate-race-from-class-2015.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Myth of Class Reductionism." New Republic, 2019, https://newrepublic.com/article/154996/myth-class-reductionism.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-myth-of-class-reductionism-2019.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with disparity." Nonsite.org, 2020, https://nonsite.org/the-trouble-with-disparity/.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-disparity-2020.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism,. New Labor Forum, 2013.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-marx-race-and-neoliberalism-2013.md) - [English, Micah. "Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence." OSF Preprints, 2021, https://osf.io/tdkf3/.](../sources/english-micah-racial-equality-frames-and-public-policy-support-survey-experimental-evide.md) - [Smith, Preston H., II. "Which Black Lives Matter?" Catalyst, 2020, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol4/no3/which-black-lives-matter.](../sources/smith-preston-h-ii-which-black-lives-matter-2020.md) ### Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Colonialism / Decolonialism ## A heterodox critique, in African and diaspora voices This cluster is distinctive for who speaks: most of its writers are of African or Caribbean background, and most are skeptical of the contemporary "decolonial" turn rather than of anti-colonial history as such. Remi Adekoya's "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative" (2020) and "The truth about Elizabeth's empire" (2022), and Tomiwa Owolade's "The Queen saved the Commonwealth" (2022), argue that the popular decolonial story flattens a more ambivalent record — empire as both disruption and, in places, durable institution. The aim is not apologetics so much as insistence on a fuller ledger. ## Decolonising the curriculum as the live fight The sharpest disagreements concern education. Tomiwa Owolade's "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum" (2022) and "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort" (2022) argue that demands to racially re-sort syllabi amount to "intellectual provincialism couched in the language of moral puritanism" — and that withholding the canon from Black students is itself condescending. This connects the topic directly to [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) and [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md). Musa al-Gharbi widens the historical frame: "People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period" (2021) and his *Chronicle* interview (2021) note that empire and imperial social science were not uniquely Western, complicating any tidy colonizer/colonized binary. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question concerns colonial legacy, empire, or "decolonisation," especially of curricula. Its orientation is predominantly *critical* of the decolonial movement, voiced largely by African and diaspora writers who distinguish the history of colonialism from present-day decolonial politics. A chatbot should not treat that critique as the whole conversation. Route curriculum questions to [Education & Schools](education-schools.md), canon questions to [Art & literature](art-literature.md) and [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md), and the BLM-adjacent "anti-colonial diktat" thread to [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md). --- ## Related Pages [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Slavery](slavery.md) · Remi Adekoya · Tomiwa Owolade · Musa al-Gharbi ## Citations - [Adekoya, Remi. "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative." UnHerd, 2020.](../sources/adekoya-remi-not-all-the-facts-fit-the-anti-colonialist-narrative-2020.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "The truth about Elizabeth's empire." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/adekoya-remi-the-truth-about-elizabeth-s-empire-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Queen saved the Commonwealth." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-queen-saved-the-commonwealth-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum." Critical Quarterly, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-a-letter-on-decolonising-the-curriculum-2022.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort." UnHerd, 2022.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-black-kids-should-study-larkin-decolonising-the-curriculum-is-a-patronisi.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period." Socius, 2021.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-people-of-the-book-empire-and-social-science-in-the-islamic-commonwealth-.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-culture-war-stuff-just-rots-the-brain.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-the-culture-war-stuff-just-rots-the-brain-the-sociologist-musa-al-gharbi-.md) - [Njoya, Wanjiru. "Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity." The Critic, 2020.](../sources/njoya-wanjiru-black-lives-matter-are-pushing-division-not-unity-2020.md) ### Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Coronavirus / COVID-19 ## The pandemic as a test of disparity inference In this collection, COVID-19 is treated mainly as a case study in how racial-disparity claims should be read. Adolph Reed Jr. is the central voice: "Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine" (2020) and, with Merlin Chowkwanyun, "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context" (*New England Journal of Medicine*, 2020) argue that documenting higher Black COVID mortality is the beginning of analysis, not the end of it — and that jumping from racial disparity to race-specific medicine risks reviving discredited biological thinking when the operative causes are occupational exposure, housing density, and underlying class position. The page is, in effect, the pandemic-era instance of the Commons' recurring [Disparity](disparity.md) argument. ## Disposability and the limits of the simple narrative Musa al-Gharbi widens the frame. "Disposable People" (*The Baffler*, 2020) reads the pandemic through who was required to keep working and bear exposure, locating vulnerability in labor and class rather than race alone; "Why don't some people want to get the vaccine? Here's why" (*The Guardian*, 2022) complicates a moralized account of vaccine hesitancy by attending to the reasons different communities, including Black Americans, held back. Together with Reed, the cluster pushes against explanations that stop at race. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question concerns COVID-19 and race, health disparities, or vaccine uptake. Its orientation is cautionary: the material here does not deny unequal outcomes but insists on tracing them to mechanism — occupation, class, and context — before accepting a race-first reading, and warns specifically against "racial medicine." Route causation to [Disparity](disparity.md) and [Class](class.md), the treatment-mechanism question to [Discrimination](discrimination.md), and the broader framing dispute to [Race](race.md). --- ## Related Pages [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Class](class.md) · [Discrimination](discrimination.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Wealth gap: see also Class](wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) · Adolph Reed Jr. · Musa al-Gharbi ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Disposable People." The Baffler, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-disposable-people-2020.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine." Common Dreams, 2020.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-disparity-ideology-coronavirus-and-the-danger-of-the-return-of-racial-med.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. (with Merlin Chowkwanyun). "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context." New England Journal of Medicine, 2020.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-racial-health-disparities-and-covid-19-caution-and-context-2020.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why don't some people want to get the vaccine? Here's why." The Guardian, 2022.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-why-don-t-some-people-want-to-get-the-vaccine-here-s-why-2022.md) ### Crime & Incarceration - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Crime & Incarceration ## Crime, punishment, and moral responsibility Crime and incarceration are treated here as problems of public order, social inheritance, punishment, and civic repair. Glenn Loury's *Race, Incarceration, and American Values* gives the topic its moral-philosophical center: mass incarceration is not merely a policy mistake but a test of how a society assigns responsibility and dignity. ## Beyond one-cause explanations Elijah Anderson, James Forman Jr., Anthony Bradley, and Michael Javen Fortner complicate any single account of crime and punishment. Anderson's code-of-the-street work examines neighborhood moral ecology; Forman asks how Black political actors participated in punitive policy; Fortner recovers the Black silent majority behind the Rockefeller drug laws; Bradley stresses civil society and overcriminalization. ## Relation to policing and disparity This page should orient a chatbot away from both denial and monocausal rhetoric. It links Police, Disparity, Class, and Black Lives Matter: crime statistics, under-policing, over-policing, community norms, and prison policy should be kept analytically distinct even when they converge in the same public debate. --- ## Related Pages [Police](police.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) ## Citations - [Loury, Glenn. Race, Incarceration, and American Values. MIT Press, 2008.](../sources/loury-glenn-race-incarceration-and-american-values-2008.md) - [Anderson, Elijah. "The Code of the Streets." The Atlantic, 1994, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/05/the-code-of-the-streets/306601/.](../sources/anderson-elijah-the-code-of-the-streets-1994.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society. Cambridge University Press, 2018.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-ending-overcriminalization-and-mass-incarceration-hope-from-civil-soci.md) - [Forman, James Jr. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.](../sources/forman-james-jr-locking-up-our-own-crime-and-punishment-in-black-america-2017.md) - [Forman, James Jr. Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow,. New York University Law Review, 2012.](../sources/forman-james-jr-racial-critiques-of-mass-incarceration-beyond-the-new-jim-crow-2012.md) - [Fortner, Michael Javen. Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment. Harvard University Press, 2015.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-black-silent-majority-the-rockefeller-drug-laws-and-the-politics-o.md) - [Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. W, 2000.](../sources/anderson-elijah-code-of-the-street-decency-violence-and-the-moral-life-of-the-inner-city.md) ### Critical Race Theory - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Critical Race Theory ## Legal theory, public controversy, and school politics Critical Race Theory enters the Commons in at least three forms: as a legal-academic tradition, as a public controversy over schools and training, and as a broader shorthand for race-conscious institutional politics. Randall Kennedy and Cheryl Harris belong to the first frame; Clarence B. Jones, Delano Squires, Samuel Sey, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and Erec Smith mostly address the latter two. ## Religious and universalist objections Several CRT critiques in the Commons come from religious or universalist premises. Squires, Sey, Abdullah bin Hamid Ali, and Chloe Valdary object that CRT-like frameworks can shrink moral agency, reconciliation, or spiritual anthropology into racial-position analysis. Those arguments connect CRT directly to Religion and Anti-racism. The Journal of Free Black Thought additions extend this debate into schools and civic institutions. Brandy Shufutinsky's ethnic-studies essays, Erec Smith's education writing, and Dave Gilbert's local-government critique should guide a chatbot toward concrete institutional settings rather than treating CRT only as an abstract theory. [Just Thinking Ministries](../entities/just-thinking-ministries.md) should be treated as a compact ministry/media node in this lane. It routes a chatbot toward the Christian critique cluster around [Voddie T. Baucham Jr.](../entities/voddie-t-baucham-jr.md), [Samuel Sey](../entities/samuel-sey.md), and Delano Squires rather than standing as a broad institutional authority. ## Do not collapse the term This page should discipline the chatbot against using CRT as a vague synonym for anything race-conscious. It should preserve the difference between original legal scholarship, school-curriculum disputes, anti-racism training, and the broader political label. --- ## Related Pages [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [Academia](academia.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Tommy J. Curry](../entities/tommy-j-curry.md) · [Cheryl Harris](../entities/cheryl-harris.md) · [Randall Kennedy](../entities/randall-kennedy.md) · [Just Thinking Ministries](../entities/just-thinking-ministries.md) · [Erec Smith](../entities/erec-smith.md) · [Brandy Shufutinsky](../entities/brandy-shufutinsky.md) · [Dave Gilbert](../entities/dave-gilbert.md) ## Citations - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-california-ethnic-studies-curriculum-imposes-critical-race-theory-ex.md) - [Valdary, Chloe. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671.](../sources/valdary-chloe-black-people-are-far-more-powerful-than-critical-race-theory-preaches-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/.](../sources/squires-delano-why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist-2021.md) - [Sey, Samuel. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/do-not-grow-weary-rejecting-critical-race-theory/.](../sources/sey-samuel-do-not-grow-weary-of-rejecting-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah. "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" Lamppost, 2020, https://lamppostedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/how-Islamic critical race theory.pdf.](../sources/bin-hamid-ali-abdullah-how-islamic-is-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools." York Daily Record, 2021, https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2021/10/21/yes-form-crt-being-taught-our-schools-opinion/6116736001/.](../sources/smith-erec-when-anti-racism-is-just-more-racism-yes-a-form-of-crt-is-being-taught-in-sch.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Racial Critiques of Legal Academia." Harvard Law Review, 1989, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kennedy-Racial-Critiques-of-Legal-Academia.pdf.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-racial-critiques-of-legal-academia-1989.md) - [Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Critical Race Theory’s new disguise." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/10/critical-race-theorys-new-disguise/.](../sources/ali-ayaan-hirsi-critical-race-theory-s-new-disguise-2021.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/anti-racism-is-an-american-dream/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-godfather-of-critical-race-theory-2021.md) - [Harris, Cheryl. "Whiteness as Property." Harvard Law Review, 1993, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/06/1707-1791 Online.pdf.](../sources/harris-cheryl-whiteness-as-property-1993.md) - [Williams, Chad. "From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination." Fair For All, 2021, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious.](../sources/williams-chad-from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious-discrimination-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism." 1776Unites, 2021, https://1776unites.com/essays/frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism/.](../sources/squires-delano-frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism-2021.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive." Orange County Register, 2021, https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/13/ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divisive/.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divi.md) - [Gilbert, Dave. "Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/critical-race-theory-comes-to-city.](../sources/dave-gilbert-critical-race-theory-comes-to-city-hall-2026.md) ### Cultural Appropriation - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Cultural Appropriation ## A concept the collection mostly resists The material gathered here is, with notable consistency, skeptical of cultural-appropriation as a charge. The anchoring statement is Kwame Anthony Appiah's "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect" (*The Wire*, 2018, drawn from *The Lies That Bind*), which reframes the issue: cultures are not owned property, borrowing is how culture has always worked, and the real wrong — when there is one — is disrespect or contempt, not the mixing itself. Christine Louis-Dit-Sully's "Who's Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation?" (2018) and Ralph Leonard's "Stop apologising for cultural appropriation" (*UnHerd*, 2020) extend the argument, with Leonard going so far as to cast cultural exchange as itself progressive and anti-racist. ## Why the skepticism The shared premise is that treating culture as group property reintroduces the essentialism these writers oppose elsewhere — fixing people inside bounded identities and policing the borders between them. The position connects directly to the [Race](race.md) page's skepticism about hardened racial categories and to the anti-essentialist strand of [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md). ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a compact, one-directional page: the Commons holds a critique of cultural-appropriation discourse, not a defense of it, and a chatbot should say so rather than imply a balanced debate. Use Appiah's distinction — borrowing versus disrespect — as the orienting tool, and route essentialism questions to [Race](race.md), identity-and-authenticity questions to ["Authenticity"](authenticity.md), and the broader culture-of-ownership theme to [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md). --- ## Related Pages [Race](race.md) · ["Authenticity"](authenticity.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](../entities/kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Ralph Leonard](../entities/ralph-leonard.md) ## Citations - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect." The Wire, 2018.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-from-yoga-to-rap-cultural-borrowing-is-great-the-problem-is-disresp.md) - [Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Who's Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation?" Uncommon Ground Media, 2018.](../sources/louis-dit-sully-christine-who-s-afraid-of-cultural-appropriation-2018.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society." UnHerd, 2020.](../sources/leonard-ralph-stop-apologising-for-cultural-appropriation-politically-correct-crusades-u.md) ### DEI - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # DEI ## Diversity as aspiration and industry The DEI topic separates diversity as a civic or institutional aspiration from DEI as a professionalized industry. Musa al-Gharbi, Roland Fryer, Kelefa Sanneh, Chloé Valdary, Pamela Newkirk, and Corey Brooks all address this distinction. The strongest entries do not deny the value of plural institutions; they ask whether current DEI practices actually produce competence, fairness, reconciliation, or opportunity. ## Training, incentives, and evidence The practical dispute is about mechanism. Al-Gharbi's training critiques, Fryer's call for data-first DEI, Valdary's reconciliation model, Newkirk's industry critique, and Cedrick-Michael Simmons's student-focused questions all point toward a shared concern: institutions may mistake symbolic compliance for measurable improvement. The Journal of Free Black Thought additions make the institutional critique more current. Erec Smith's campus essay, Brandy Shufutinsky's ethnic-studies work, and Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey's Oregon testing piece all treat DEI as a question of standards, classroom design, and institutional incentives rather than only as rhetoric. ## Relation to anti-racism and bureaucracy DEI is a bridge between Anti-racism, CRT, White fragility, Academia, and Disparity. A chatbot should use it for institutional practice and policy design, while checking the adjacent pages for theory, public controversy, and causal claims about unequal outcomes. --- ## Related Pages [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) · [White fragility](white-fragility.md) · [Academia](academia.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](../entities/musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Roland Fryer](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Erec Smith](../entities/erec-smith.md) · [Brandy Shufutinsky](../entities/brandy-shufutinsky.md) · [Dave Gilbert](../entities/dave-gilbert.md) · [Jake Mackey](../entities/jake-mackey.md) ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/09/16/diversity-important-related-training-terrible/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-diversity-is-important-diversity-related-training-is-terrible-2020.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion." Fortune, 2022, https://fortune.com/2022/06/20/data-first-diversity-equity-inclusion-careers-black-workers-gender-race-bias-dei-roland-fryer/.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-it-s-time-for-data-first-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-2022.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Limits of Diversity,." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/the-limits-of-diversity.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-the-limits-of-diversity-2017.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "How do we make sure that Black students matter?" Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2020, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students-matter-2020.md) - [Valdary, Chloé. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing." City Journal., 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training.](../sources/valdary-chlo-reconciliation-or-grievance-modern-diversity-training-too-often-violates-ma.md) - [Brooks, Corey. "America Works. DEI Doesn't." Tablet, 2023, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/america-works-dei-doesnt.](../sources/brooks-corey-america-works-dei-doesn-t-2023.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough." Telegraph, 2022, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/03/collapse-diversity-industry-cant-come-soon/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-the-collapse-of-the-diversity-industry-can-t-come-soon-enough-2022.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise." UnHerd, 2023, https://unherd.com/newsroom/labours-equal-pay-promise-is-dei-in-disguise/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-labour-s-equal-pay-promise-is-dei-in-disguise-2023.md) - [Marsh, Vic. "Keeping it Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm." 2020, https://www.vicmarsh.org/blog/2020/12/10/keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm.](../sources/marsh-vic-keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm-2020.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry. Bold Type Books, 2019.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-diversity-inc-the-failed-promise-of-a-billion-dollar-industry-2019.md) - [Williams, Kevin Jon. "Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences." Wall Street Journal, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-saying-no-to-nihs-racial-preferences-medical-research-7f205c2c.](../sources/williams-kevin-jon-why-i-m-saying-no-to-nih-s-racial-preferences-2022.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/diversity-training-doesnt-work-this-might/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-diversity-training-doesn-t-work-this-might-2020.md) - [Smith, Erec. "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses.](../sources/smith-erec-the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses-2024.md) - [Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2024, https://www.calethstudies.org/ethnic-studies-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies.](../sources/shufutinsky-brandy-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies-2024.md) - [Gilbert, Dave, and Jake Mackey. "For \"Equity,\" Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized-test-2022.md) ### Discrimination - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Discrimination ## The mechanism question Where [Disparity](disparity.md) asks what unequal outcomes mean and [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) asks about structures and attitudes, Discrimination is the page for the *mechanism* question: how much of present inequality is produced by differential treatment on the basis of race, here and now. The dominant strand argues that the measurable weight of discrimination has fallen relative to pre-market factors such as skills and human capital. Roland Fryer's "Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination" — developed across a *Handbook of Labor Economics* chapter (2011) and a shorter *Issues in Science and Technology* version (2014) — is the most rigorous statement; Thomas Sowell's *Discrimination and Disparities* (2019) and Walter E. Williams's *Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination?* (2011) reach compatible conclusions from economic history. ## Relational and remedial reframings Two sources cut against the standard market-discrimination model from different directions. Glenn Loury's "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory" (2007) argues that discrimination operates not only through discrete market transactions but through informal social relations and stigma — a reframing that locates disadvantage in networks and reputation rather than in the hiring decision alone. Randall Kennedy's *For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law* (2013) presses the term's other meaning: that some race-conscious *discrimination* — affirmative action — can be defended as remedial, turning the word from accusation into policy argument. ## The "new discrimination" critique A further line holds that the character of discrimination has shifted rather than disappeared. Chad Williams's "From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination" (2021) argues that older invidious discrimination has given way to a newer, explicitly race-conscious kind embedded in anti-racist practice — a claim that connects this page to [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md), [DEI](dei.md), and [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md). ## How a chatbot should use this page Discrimination is a hinge between outcomes and causes; route to it when a question asks *whether differential treatment* explains a gap. Surface that the word carries at least three senses — invidious market discrimination (Fryer, Sowell, W. Williams), relational/stigma processes (Loury), and remedial or "race-conscious" discrimination (Kennedy for; Chad Williams as critique). Then route: outcomes to [Disparity](disparity.md), structures to [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md), remedies to [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md), and measurement to [Roland Fryer](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md). --- ## Related Pages [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [DEI](dei.md) · [Roland Fryer](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · Walter E. Williams ## Citations - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Handbook of Labor Economics, 2011.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-racial-inequality-in-the-21st-century-the-declining-significance-of-disc.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Issues in Science and Technology, 2014.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination-201.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. *Discrimination and Disparities.* Basic Books, 2019.](../sources/sowell-thomas-discrimination-and-disparities-2019.md) - [Williams, Walter E. *Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination?* Hoover Institution Press, 2011.](../sources/williams-walter-e-race-and-economics-how-much-can-be-blamed-on-discrimination-2011.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory." Georgia State University Law Review, 2007.](../sources/loury-glenn-relations-before-transactions-a-new-paradigm-for-racial-discrimination-theor.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. *For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law.* Pantheon, 2013.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-for-discrimination-race-affirmative-action-and-the-law-2013.md) - [Williams, Chad. "From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination." FAIR for All, 2021.](../sources/williams-chad-from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious-discrimination-2021.md) ### Disparity - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Disparity ## The central inference problem Disparity is one of the Commons' core analytical topics. Thomas Sowell, Roland Fryer, Greg Thomas, Tony Sewell, Delano Squires, Coleman Hughes, Glenn Loury, and Adolph Reed Jr. all press the same basic distinction in different ways: unequal outcomes require explanation, but they do not by themselves identify a cause. ## Equality, equity, and evidence The topic connects moral vocabulary to empirical method. Equity language often treats disparity as evidence of injustice; the Commons repeatedly asks what additional evidence is needed before that inference is warranted. Sowell's *Discrimination and Disparities*, Fryer's inequality work, Loury's culture-and-responsibility essay, and Reed's trouble-with-disparity critique form the backbone of that debate. The Journal of Free Black Thought material adds a practical remedy-design layer. Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey's "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy" names the key discipline directly: even a real disparity still leaves the separate questions of cause, institutional authority, and proportionate repair. ## How to use the page A chatbot should use this page when a question turns on causation. It should then route to more specific pages: Education & Schools for school outcomes, Police for enforcement, Affirmative Action for remedies, Class for political economy, and Racism for structural claims. Disparity is a hinge, not a conclusion. --- ## Related Pages [Race](race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Discrimination (see also Racism)](discrimination.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [Police](police.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Roland Fryer](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Dave Gilbert](../entities/dave-gilbert.md) · [Jake Mackey](../entities/jake-mackey.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](../entities/michael-h-creswell.md) ## Citations - [Thomas, Greg. "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all." FAIR for All, 2022, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/social-issues-race.](../sources/thomas-greg-why-race-based-framings-of-social-issues-hurt-us-all-2022.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Issues in Science and Technology, 2014, https://issues.org/21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination/.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination-201.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. Discrimination and Disparities. Basic Books, 2019.](../sources/sowell-thomas-discrimination-and-disparities-2019.md) - [Sewell, Tony. "Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-statement.](../sources/sewell-tony-statement-from-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/03/03/the-lefts-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-students/.](../sources/squires-delano-the-left-s-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-student.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-case-for-black-optimism-2019.md) - [Sowell, Thomas. "The Dumbest Idea." National review, 2016, https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/07/sowell-stupid-idea-equal-representation/.](../sources/sowell-thomas-the-dumbest-idea-2016.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with disparity." Nonsite.org, 2020, https://nonsite.org/article/the-trouble-with-disparity.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-disparity-2020.md) - [Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." New Republic, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump.](../sources/thomas-greg-reading-albert-murray-in-the-age-of-trump-2017.md) - [Gilbert, Dave, and Mackey, Jake. "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not-design-its-remedy-2026.md) - [Gilbert, Dave. "Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation.](../sources/dave-gilbert-inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation-2025.md) ### Economics - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Economics ## Markets, institutions, and group outcomes Economics is a sparse but important bridge label in the Commons. It links Thomas Sowell's influence, Adolph Reed Jr.'s political economy, Heather McGhee's zero-sum critique, and Ian Rowe's success-oriented institutional vision. The shared question is how material incentives, markets, culture, public policy, and institutions shape racial outcomes. ## Rival explanations The topic should help a chatbot separate economic claims from moral slogans. Some sources stress class and political economy; some stress culture and human capital; some stress racism's broad social costs; others stress enterprise, civil society, and institutional design. Economics therefore connects directly to Disparity and Class rather than duplicating them. ## Use as a routing page This page is currently a bridge, not a full economics canon. It should route users toward Sowell for group disparities, Reed for class and neoliberalism, Moyo for development, Rowe for opportunity institutions, and McGhee for the claim that racism imposes general social costs. --- ## Related Pages [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Foreign Aid & International Development](foreign-aid-international-development.md) · [Family & Marriage](family-marriage.md) · [Heather McGhee](../entities/heather-mcghee.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Ian Rowe](../entities/ian-rowe.md) ## Citations - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Nonconformist." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/thomas-sowell-race-poverty-culture.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-nonconformist-2020.md) - [McGhee, Heather. The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together. One World, 2021.](../sources/mcghee-heather-the-sum-of-us-what-racism-costs-everyone-and-how-we-can-prosper-together-.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism,. New Labor Forum, 2013.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-marx-race-and-neoliberalism-2013.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "A Vision of Black Success." Acton Institute, 2022, https://www.acton.org/religion-liberty/volume-35-number-3/vision-black-success.](../sources/rowe-ian-a-vision-of-black-success-2022.md) ### Education & Schools - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Education & Schools Education in the Commons is not merely a policy topic. It is one of the places where arguments about freedom, inheritance, excellence, race, class, and citizenship become concrete. The school is where a society decides what it wants children to know, what kind of discipline and aspiration it expects of them, and whether it believes disadvantaged students should be treated primarily as agents, victims, citizens, clients, or future competitors. Carter G. Woodson gives the topic its deepest historical root. In *The Mis-Education of the Negro* (1933), education is not just schooling but formation: a system can produce credentials while misforming the student by teaching him to see himself through borrowed standards. That concern reappears in a different register in John McWhorter's "Explaining the Black Education Gap" and John Ogbu's *Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb*. Both shift attention away from simple resource explanations and toward norms, incentives, peer culture, and the meaning students attach to achievement. A second line of argument is more institutional and empirical. Roland Fryer's work on charter schools and school practices treats schooling as an organization problem: some schools do better because they use time, tutoring, feedback, expectations, and accountability differently. The CREDO urban charter school report, Ian Rowe's writing on school choice, and Jason Riley's discussion of Thomas Sowell's charter-school work all belong to this family. These sources ask a blunt question: if some schools produce better results for poor and minority students, why should institutional allegiance outrank student outcomes? A third line centers on curriculum and civic memory. Clarence B. Jones's objections to California ethnic studies, Angel Adams Parham's defense of broadening rather than canceling the classics, and Michael H. Creswell's work on history departments and achievement gaps all treat curriculum as more than content delivery. The question is whether students inherit a usable civic and humanistic tradition, or whether curriculum becomes a site for racial sorting and political catechesis. The topic also contains a recurring argument about agency. Ian Rowe, Chris Stewart, Adam B. Coleman, Delano Squires, Connie Morgan, Dave Gilbert, and Jake Mackey connect school outcomes to family structure, fatherhood, personal responsibility, standards, and the cultural messages adults send to children. Their emphasis is not that institutions do not matter, but that institutional reform can fail if it trains students to understand themselves primarily through grievance or dependency. The central tension is therefore not "schools versus society." It is whether education should be framed as liberation through mastery, repair through institutional redistribution, or recognition through identity-centered curriculum. The Commons holds voices in each camp, but its most characteristic contribution is to keep achievement, agency, and civic inheritance in view at the same time. ## Related Pages Topics: [Academia](academia.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [“Acting white”](acting-white.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) Entities: [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Ian Rowe](../entities/ian-rowe.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](../entities/michael-h-creswell.md) · [Connie Morgan](../entities/connie-morgan.md) · [Dave Gilbert](../entities/dave-gilbert.md) · [Jake Mackey](../entities/jake-mackey.md) ## Citations - [Woodson, Carter G. *The Mis-Education of the Negro*. The Associated Publishers, 1933.](../sources/woodson-carter-g-the-mis-education-of-the-negro-1933.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Explaining the Black Education Gap." *The Wilson Quarterly*, 2000, http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/essays/explaining-black-education-gap.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-explaining-the-black-education-gap-2000.md) - [Ogbu, John. *Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement*. Erlbaum, 2003.](../sources/ogbu-john-black-americans-in-an-affluent-suburb-a-study-of-academic-disengagement-2003.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools." The Hamilton Project, 2012.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-learning-from-the-successes-and-failures-of-charter-schools-2012.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional Public Schools: Evidence From Field Experiments." *Quarterly Journal of Economics*, 2014.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-injecting-charter-school-best-practices-into-traditional-publicschools-e.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The unwelcome success of charter schools." *Law & Liberty*, 2020.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools-2020.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands." *The Atlantic*, 2021.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-schools-must-resist-destructive-anti-racist-demands-2021.md) - [Creswell, Michael H. "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2022.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-closing-the-racial-academic-achievement-gap-whose-responsibility-is-i.md) - [Parham, Angel Adams. "Don't Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them." *WSJ*, 2022.](../sources/parham-angel-adams-don-t-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-2022.md) - [Morgan, Connie. "The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators-2022.md) - [Morgan, Connie. "Prepare for More Black Mathletes." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/prepare-for-more-black-mathletes.](../sources/connie-morgan-prepare-for-more-black-mathletes-2022.md) - [Gilbert, Dave, and Jake Mackey. "For \"Equity,\" Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." *Journal of Free Black Thought*, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized.](../sources/dave-gilbert-and-jake-mackey-for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized-test-2022.md) ### Equality and Equity - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Equality and Equity ## Terms that carry political theory This page is a bridge for questions that turn on the distinction between equal treatment, equal standing, equal opportunity, and equal outcomes. Kemi Badenoch's "Putting history in the dock is not the answer" rejects the claim that equality is advanced by treating national institutions as fundamentally racist. Wanjiru Njoya's *Economic Freedom and Social Justice* places the classical ideal of equality inside racially diverse societies, connecting equality language to economic freedom, social justice, and legal-political design. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when a user asks what the Commons does with equality/equity language itself. Route outcome-gap questions to Disparity, preference-policy questions to Affirmative Action, institutional-program questions to DEI, and market/liberty questions to Economics. The page should clarify terms before drawing conclusions. --- ## Related Pages [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [DEI](dei.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Economics](economics.md) · [Race](race.md) ## Citations - [Badenoch, Olukemi “Kemi” Olufunto. "Putting history in the dock is not the answer." Daily Mail, 2022, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10621491/Putting-history-dock-not-answer-writes-KEMI-BADENOCH.html.](../sources/badenoch-kemi-putting-history-in-the-dock-is-not-the-answer-2022.md) - [Njoya, Wanjiru. Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.](../sources/njoya-wanjiru-economic-freedom-and-social-justice-the-classical-ideal-of-equality-in-con.md) ### Family & Marriage - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Family & Marriage ## Family structure as contested explanation Family and marriage sources in the Commons ask how much weight family structure should carry in explanations of education, poverty, crime, wealth, and civic formation. Ian Rowe, Delano Squires, Chris Stewart, Ralph Richard Banks, and Musa al-Gharbi approach the subject from different directions, but they share a willingness to treat family norms as consequential rather than merely private. ## Norms, policy, and stigma The topic is politically delicate because family-structure arguments can sound like blame, while avoiding the topic can hide real mechanisms of social inheritance. Banks's work on Black marriage, Rowe's defense of fathers, Squires's defense of the Black family, and Newkirk's collections of African American intimate writing show the range: empirical policy argument, moral norm formation, cultural defense, and historical memory. ## Connection to agency and repair The Journal of Free Black Thought material strengthens this page by turning family structure from an abstract policy variable into a live civic argument. Kendall Qualls's "Resurrect the Family," John Washington's essays on fathers and uplift, and Connie Morgan's work on home education all make the same connection from different angles: family is a site where agency, standards, affection, and institutional trust are either transmitted or weakened. This page connects to Victimhood, Class, Education & Schools, and Black America, state of. It should help a chatbot avoid two weak answers: reducing family arguments to moralism, or treating family structure as too dangerous to discuss. The Commons frames it as one thread in a broader account of agency, institutions, and inheritance. --- ## Related Pages [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Women / Feminism](women-feminism.md) · [John Washington](../entities/john-washington.md) · [Kendall Qualls](../entities/kendall-qualls.md) · [Connie Morgan](../entities/connie-morgan.md) · [Ian Rowe](../entities/ian-rowe.md) · [Delano Squires](../entities/delano-squires.md) · [Ralph Richard Banks](../entities/ralph-richard-banks.md) · [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) ## Citations - [Squires, Delano. "Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family." The Blaze, 2021, https://www.theblaze.com/fearless/oped/squires-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-the-groups-out-to-destroy-the-nuclear-family.](../sources/squires-delano-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-t.md) - [Stewart, Chris. "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father." Citizen Ed., 2021, https://citizen.education/2021/04/16/the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father/.](../sources/stewart-chris-the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father-2021.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers." USA Today, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/06/17/single-moms-great-families-dads-better/7705997002/.](../sources/rowe-ian-sorry-harvard-fathers-still-matter-including-black-fathers-2021.md) - [Banks , Ralph Richard. "An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage." WSJ, 2011, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903454504576486492588283556.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-an-interracial-fix-for-black-marriage-2011.md) - [Banks , Ralph Richard. Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone. New York: Dutton, 2011.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-is-marriage-for-white-people-how-the-african-american-marriage-decli.md) - [Banks , Ralph Richard. "Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve." New York Times, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/03/marriage-the-next-chapter/marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve.](../sources/banks-ralph-richard-marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve-2011.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters. Doubleday, 2003.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-a-love-no-less-more-than-two-centuries-of-african-american-love-letters-2.md) - [Rowe, Ian. "The power of the two-parent home is not a myth." Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/power-two-parent-home-not-myth.](../sources/rowe-ian-the-power-of-the-two-parent-home-is-not-a-myth-2020.md) - [Squires, Delano. "It's Time to Fight for the Black Family." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-fight-black-family-opinion-1676986.](../sources/squires-delano-it-s-time-to-fight-for-the-black-family-2022.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the Traditional Family and WEIRD Culture." Arc Digital, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/29/traditional-family-weird-culture/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-the-weirdest-people-in-the-world-how-the-west-became-psychologically-pecu.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience. Beacon Press, 2011.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-letters-from-black-america-intimate-portraits-of-the-african-american-exp.md) - [Thomas, Laurence. The Family and the Political Self. Cambridge University Press, 2006.](../sources/thomas-laurence-the-family-and-the-political-self-2006.md) - [Qualls, Kendall. "Resurrect the Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/resurrect-the-family.](../sources/kendall-qualls-resurrect-the-family-2025.md) - [Washington, John. "The Unraveling of the Black Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-unraveling-of-the-black-family.](../sources/washington-john-the-unraveling-of-the-black-family-2025.md) - [Morgan, Connie. "The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators-2022.md) ### Foreign Aid & International Development - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Foreign Aid & International Development ## Aid, dependency, and development This topic is anchored by Dambisa Moyo's critique of the foreign-aid model. *Dead Aid* and the related talks frame aid as an institutional and incentive problem: money intended for development can entrench dependency, corruption, and weak governance when it substitutes for market formation and accountable institutions. ## Diplomacy and Black international politics Hanes Walton Jr.'s work widens the frame from aid to diplomacy, African foreign policy, and Black political participation in international institutions. The topic therefore links development economics to a longer story of African and African American political agency, not simply to humanitarian policy. ## A compact bridge page The current source set is small, so this page should function as a bridge to Economics, Colonialism / Decolonialism, and Black intellectual history. It is useful when a user asks how the project treats Africa, development, aid skepticism, or the international dimension of Black political thought. --- ## Related Pages [Economics](economics.md) · [Colonialism / Decolonialism](colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) ## Citations - [Moyo, Dambisa. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-dead-aid-why-aid-is-not-working-and-how-there-is-another-way-for-africa-200.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. "Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC." Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-is-aid-killing-africa-dambisa-moyo-talks-about-dead-aid-on-abc-2009.md) - [Moyo, Dambisa. "Why Aid to Africa is Not Working." University of Richmond, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-FZjPreg.](../sources/moyo-dambisa-why-aid-to-africa-is-not-working-2009.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Women at the United Nations: The Politics, a Theoretical Model and the Documents. Borgo, 1995.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-black-women-at-the-united-nations-the-politics-a-theoretical-model-and-t.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. Liberian politics: The portrait by African American diplomat J. Milton Turner. Lexington Books, 2002.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-liberian-politics-the-portrait-by-african-american-diplomat-j-milton-tur.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis. Lexington Books, 2010.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-the-african-foreign-policy-of-secretary-of-state-henry-kissinger-a-docum.md) ### Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Free Speech (See Also Cancel Culture) Free speech enters the Commons through civil rights, not as an escape from civil rights. Henry Louis Gates Jr.'s "Let Them Talk" makes the point directly: civil liberties need not threaten civil rights, and the struggle for Black freedom has often enlarged the freedom of speech for everyone. This matters because later campus and cancel-culture debates often stage free expression and racial justice as enemies. The older civil-rights-liberal view refuses that framing. Glenn Loury's 1994 essay on self-censorship gives the page its most important mechanism. Political correctness, in Loury's account, is not only a list of forbidden opinions. It is a social equilibrium in which people learn which truths can be spoken plainly, which must be signaled indirectly, and which are too costly to raise. That idea travels easily from the 1990s campus to contemporary disputes over anti-racism, social media, faculty discipline, public apology, and institutional speech codes. The campus is the topic's recurring test case. Carol Swain, Zachary Wood, Rebekah Adams, Randall Kennedy, Lucas Morel, and Stephen Carter all treat universities as places where speech norms are supposed to be most disciplined and most open, yet often become fragile. Wood's work is especially important because he does not defend hard conversations from a position of indifference to racism; he defends them because democratic maturity requires the ability to hear, challenge, and answer what one rejects. Another line of argument emphasizes civic confidence. Inaya Folarin Iman's "The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech" and her later writing on free speech treat speech as complex and messy but still worth defending. Roderick Graham's "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis" points toward the need to distinguish legal censorship, institutional cowardice, social punishment, and ordinary criticism. Jacob Mchangama's historical account broadens the frame beyond the current American moment. Cancel culture belongs here, but as a subproblem, not the whole page. The deeper issue is whether institutions and citizens can preserve open inquiry when race, identity, reputation, and moral injury are involved. The Commons' distinctive contribution is to connect that question back to civil rights, not away from it. The surrounding graph also contains a civic-bridge strand. [Braver Angels](../entities/braver-angels.md) and [John R. Wood Jr](../entities/john-r-wood-jr.md) connect free speech to depolarization and patriotic empathy, while [Benjamin A. Boyce](../entities/benjamin-a-boyce.md), [Spiked](../entities/spiked.md), and [Brian C. Anderson](../entities/brian-c-anderson.md) function as media or host nodes for difficult public conversations. A chatbot should use those pages as routing surfaces, not as substitutes for the underlying arguments and citations. ## Related Pages Topics: [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](cancel-culture.md) · [N-Word](n-word.md) · [Academia](academia.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) Entities: [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Braver Angels](../entities/braver-angels.md) · [John R. Wood Jr](../entities/john-r-wood-jr.md) · [Benjamin A. Boyce](../entities/benjamin-a-boyce.md) · [Spiked](../entities/spiked.md) ## Citations - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights." *New Republic*, 1993.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-let-them-talk-why-civil-liberties-pose-no-threat-to-civil-rights-19.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment." *Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex*, 1994.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-war-of-words-critical-race-theory-and-the-first-amendment-1994.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of 'Political Correctness' and Related Phenomena." *Rationality and Society*, 1994.](../sources/loury-glenn-self-censorship-in-public-discourse-a-theory-of-political-correctness-and-re.md) - [Swain, Carol M. "Free Speech, Politics, and Academia." *P.S.: Political Science & Politics*, 2015.](../sources/swain-carol-m-free-speech-politics-and-academia-2015.md) - [Wood, Zachary R. "I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why." *The Guardian*, 2018.](../sources/wood-zachary-r-i-invite-white-supremacy-apologists-to-campus-here-s-why-2018.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate." *Areo*, 2019.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-deba.md) - [Adams, Rebekah. "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom." *Newsweek*, 2020.](../sources/adams-rebekah-a-student-movement-for-academic-freedom-2020.md) - [Kennedy, Randall. "The Race Question and Freedom of Expression." LeFrak Forum, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-the-race-question-and-freedom-of-expression-2021.md) - [Mchangama, Jacob. *Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media*. Basic Books, 2022.](../sources/mchangama-jacob-free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media-2022.md) - [Carter, Stephen L. "The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating." *The New York Times*, 2024.](../sources/carter-stephen-l-the-war-on-campus-free-speech-is-escalating-2024.md) ### Gentrification - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Gentrification ## Neighborhood change without a simple morality play The Gentrification label contains two sources that complicate the usual story. Kelefa Sanneh's "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" frames changing neighborhoods as an ethical and economic problem bound up with the history of the American ghetto. Lance Freeman's "Five myths about gentrification" pushes against common assumptions about displacement and neighborhood change. Together they make this a page about evidence, tradeoffs, and class as much as race. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about displacement, neighborhood change, urban renewal, or whether gentrification harms Black residents. Route wealth and class questions to Class and Economics, racial-outcome questions to Disparity, and political-mobilization questions to Politics & Activism. Avoid reducing the topic to either celebration or denunciation. --- ## Related Pages [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Economics](economics.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) ## Citations - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/11/is-gentrification-really-a-problem.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-is-gentrification-really-a-problem-2016.md) - [Freeman, Lance. "Five myths about gentrification,." Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-gentrification/2016/06/03/b6c80e56-1ba5-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7 story.html.](../sources/freeman-lance-five-myths-about-gentrification-2016.md) ### Guns/2nd Amendment - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Guns/2nd Amendment ## A skeptic-of-gun-control cluster This small page leans in one direction: toward skepticism of gun control and sympathy for an armed-self-defense reading of the Second Amendment. Thomas Sowell's "The Great Gun Control Fallacy" (*The Guardian*, 2012) makes the empirical case that gun-control measures do not track with reductions in violence the way their advocates assume — an application of his general method of judging policy by results (see [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md)). Antonia Okafor's "Why I Bring My Gun to School" (*New York Times*, 2017) supplies a first-person argument from a Black woman gun-rights advocate, locating self-defense — and especially the safety of women and minorities — at the center of the case for carrying. ## Risk and proportion Melissa Smith's "Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings?" (2022) adds a risk-perception argument: that public fear of school shootings is out of proportion to their statistical frequency, and that policy driven by the most vivid cases may be poorly calibrated. The thread that unites the page is methodological — a preference for measured risk and demonstrated effect over symbolically driven regulation. Connie Morgan's Journal of Free Black Thought essay gives the page a specifically Black self-defense argument: gun ownership appears not only as an abstract constitutional issue but as a claim about dignity, vulnerability, and refusing dependence on institutions that may not arrive in time. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page for questions on gun policy, the Second Amendment, armed self-defense, or school shootings, while noting that the Commons' holdings here are weighted toward gun-rights and gun-control-skeptic arguments rather than a balanced cross-section. The reusable moves are Sowell's effects-not-intentions test and Okafor's self-defense-as-civil-right framing. For the underlying empirical-versus-symbolic method, route to [Disparity](disparity.md) and [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md); for the school-safety angle, to [Education & Schools](education-schools.md). --- ## Related Pages [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Police](police.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Connie Morgan](../entities/connie-morgan.md) · Antonia Okafor ## Citations - [Sowell, Thomas. "The Great Gun Control Fallacy." The Guardian, 2012.](../sources/sowell-thomas-the-great-gun-control-fallacy-2012.md) - [Okafor, Antonia. "Why I Bring My Gun to School." The New York Times, 2017.](../sources/okafor-antonia-why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school-2017.md) - [Smith, Melissa. "Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let's be rational about the risk children face in American schools." Medium, 2022.](../sources/smith-melissa-why-do-we-fixate-on-school-shootings-let-s-be-rational-about-the-risk-chil.md) - [Morgan, Connie. "Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blacks-should-never-give-up-their.](../sources/connie-morgan-blacks-should-never-give-up-their-guns-2023.md) ### Hate crime - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Hate crime ## A single argument, one author This is effectively a bridge page to one body of work. The collection's treatment of hate crime is dominated by the political scientist Wilfred Reilly, whose book *Hate Crime Hoax: How the Left Is Selling a Fake Race War* (2019) and accompanying article "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" (*Academic Questions*, 2019) argue that a meaningful share of widely publicized hate-crime reports turn out to be fabricated or misclassified, and that the uncritical reception of such claims sustains an exaggerated picture of pervasive racial violence. For the fuller account of Reilly's empirical method and his other work, see [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md). ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question concerns hate-crime statistics, hoaxes, or specific disputed incidents. Two cautions belong with it. First, the claims here are Reilly's empirical arguments and should be attributed to him, not stated as consensus. Second, because the page rests on a single author, a chatbot should treat it as a pointer into Reilly's work rather than as a survey of the field — real hate crimes and fabricated ones are distinct questions, and this page speaks mainly to the latter. Route to [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) for the body of work, and to [Police](police.md) and [Victimhood](victimhood.md) for the surrounding debates. --- ## Related Pages [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [Police](police.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) ## Citations - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" Academic Questions, 2019.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-are-hate-crime-hoaxers-above-the-law-2019.md) - Reilly, Wilfred. *Hate Crime Hoax: How the Left Is Selling a Fake Race War.* Regnery Publishing, 2019. ### Humor - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Humor ## Humor as literary and social knowledge Humor is a one-source bridge anchored by Paul Beatty's edited anthology *Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor*. The label should remind a chatbot that Black thought in the Commons is not only argument, policy, and polemic; it also includes satire, vernacular wit, irony, and comic reversals as ways of knowing and surviving racial life. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about African-American humor, satire, comic writing, or Paul Beatty. Route most substantive literary questions to Art & literature and broader intellectual-tradition questions to Black intellectual history. Do not inflate this one-source label into a general theory of comedy. --- ## Related Pages [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) ## Citations - [Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor. Bloomsbury, 2006.](../sources/beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writing-columbia-university-hokum-an-anthology-of.md) ### Identity Politics - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Identity Politics ## The coalition problem Identity Politics is currently a one-source bridge centered on Briahna Joy Gray's "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can't Get Us Out." The source does not deny racism's political force; it warns that doubling down on identity-based messaging can trap a coalition, especially if it writes off voters as unreachable because of race. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about identity-based political strategy, coalition limits, or critiques of Democratic racial messaging. Route class-coalition questions to Class, activist vocabulary to Anti-racism and Wokeness, and overlapping-identity frameworks to Intersectionality. The page is a bridge for political strategy, not a full theory of identity. --- ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Intersectionality](intersectionality.md) · [Wokeness](wokeness.md) ## Citations - [Gray, Briahna Joy. "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out." New York Magazine, 2017, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/11/identity-politics-cant-get-us-out-of-the-mess-racism-made.html.](../sources/gray-briahna-joy-racism-may-have-gotten-us-into-this-mess-but-identity-politics-can-t-ge.md) ### Immigration - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Immigration ## A thin but useful national-belonging bridge Immigration is currently represented by Kelefa Sanneh's "Untangling the Immigration Debate." The page is not a developed immigration-policy cluster; it is a pointer to questions about national belonging, political coalition, labor, and how race enters debates over borders and membership. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page only when immigration is explicitly part of the user's question. Route party-politics questions to Politics & Activism, labor and class questions to Class, and national-culture questions to Western Civilization. Do not imply that immigration is a major developed topic in the current Commons. --- ## Related Pages [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) ## Citations - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "Untangling the Immigration Debate,." The New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/31/untangling-the-immigration-debate.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-untangling-the-immigration-debate-2016.md) ### Integration - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Integration ## Progress and resentment after formal barriers fall Integration is a one-source bridge anchored by Orlando Patterson's *The Ordeal of Integration*. The label belongs near civil rights but should not be reduced to school desegregation. Patterson's framing points to progress, resentment, civic membership, and the difficulty of building equal participation after formal exclusion has been weakened. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when a question concerns integration as a social, civic, or cultural process. Route legal-historical questions to Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, present-condition questions to Black America, outcome questions to Disparity, and author-specific context to Orlando Patterson. --- ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) ## Citations - [Patterson, Orlando. The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1997.](../sources/patterson-orlando-the-ordeal-of-integration-progress-and-resentment-in-america-s-racial-.md) ### Intersectionality - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Intersectionality ## From legal concept to coalition claim The Intersectionality page is not a neutral primer on Kimberle Crenshaw's legal concept. The two Commons sources are critiques of what intersectionality became as a public and activist vocabulary. Coleman Hughes's "Reflections on Intersectionality" examines the framework as a way of sorting moral and political attention. Wilfred Reilly's "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups" attacks the assumption that many marginalized groups naturally share a unified political cause. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about intersectionality as a coalition logic, a hierarchy of oppression, or a disputed activist framework. Route gender questions to Women & Feminism, institutional practice to DEI, coalition politics to Identity politics, and anti-racist vocabulary to Anti-racism and Wokeness. Make clear that the Commons material here is mostly critical. --- ## Related Pages [Women & Feminism](women-feminism.md) · [Identity politics](identity-politics.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [DEI](dei.md) · [Wokeness](wokeness.md) · [White Saviors](white-saviors.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-intersectional-hoax-opinion-1707987.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-the-intersectional-.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Reflections on Intersectionality." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/01/14/reflections-on-intersectionality/.](../sources/hughes-coleman-reflections-on-intersectionality-2020.md) ### Juneteenth - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Juneteenth ## A commemoration with a tangled meaning Juneteenth — marking June 19, 1865, when news of emancipation reached enslaved people in Texas — is treated here less as a fixed holiday than as a contested act of memory. The central source is the historian Annette Gordon-Reed's *On Juneteenth* (2021), a blend of Texas history and personal recollection that resists a single triumphal narrative and holds together emancipation's promise with the long aftermath that followed it. Angela Ards's "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth" (*Texas Monthly*, 2021) frames the book's central tension: a celebration of freedom that is also a reckoning with how incompletely and belatedly that freedom arrived. ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a small, mostly historical page. Use it when a question concerns Juneteenth's origins, its meaning, or its 2021 elevation to a federal holiday. Its orientation, following Gordon-Reed, is to treat Juneteenth as both commemoration and unfinished history — a date that invites pride in emancipation and honesty about its limits, rather than either pure celebration or pure grievance. Route the history of bondage and emancipation to [Slavery](slavery.md), the movement context to [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md), and the national-belonging question to [Patriotism](patriotism.md). --- ## Related Pages [Slavery](slavery.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Patriotism](patriotism.md) · [The 1619 Project](1619-project.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) ## Citations - [Ards, Angela. "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth." Texas Monthly, 2021.](../sources/ards-angela-annette-gordon-reed-explores-the-tangled-meaning-of-juneteenth-2021.md) - [Gordon-Reed, Annette. *On Juneteenth.* Liveright / W. W. Norton, 2021.](../sources/gordon-reed-annette-on-juneteenth-2021.md) ### Labor - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Labor ## Class politics after the old alignments Labor is a compact bridge around Malcom Kyeyune's 2022 writing on workers, truckers, and political abandonment. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers" treats the Freedom Convoy as a working-class protest despised by people who once would have claimed to speak for workers. "The New Workers' Movement" argues that neither the left nor the right has a settled, credible home for workers such as truckers, farmers, and pilots. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask how the Commons treats class, workers, unions, populism, or labor protest in relation to race and culture-war politics. Route broad material inequality questions to Class and Economics, pandemic-mandate questions to Coronavirus / COVID-19, and coalition questions to Politics & Activism. --- ## Related Pages [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Economics](economics.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Coronavirus / COVID-19](coronavirus-covid-19.md) · [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Race](race.md) ## Citations - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers/.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers-2022.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "The New Workers’ Movement." Compact, 2022, https://compactmag.com/article/the-new-workers-movement.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-the-new-workers-movement-2022.md) ### Lived experience - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Lived experience ## Two things the label holds "Lived experience" names two different things here, and a chatbot should keep them apart. The first is a *genre*: first-person testimony, memoir, and letters offered as a form of knowledge about Black life. Robert Robinson's *Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union*, Keith Richberg's *Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa* (1997), Hakeem Oluseyi's memoir *A Quantum Life* (2022), Bertrand Cooper's "The Hunger Inside" (2022), and Pamela Newkirk's epistolary anthologies *A Love No Less* (2003) and *Letters from Black America* (2011) all belong here — testimony valued precisely because it is particular and embodied. The second is an *epistemic claim*: that membership in a group confers special authority to speak about it. The most analytically serious material on this page is skeptical of the second while respecting the first. ## The critique of experience-as-authority Three writers interrogate the authority claim directly. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò's "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference" (2020) argues that the injunction to "centre the most marginalized" tends in practice to empower whichever marginalized-identified people are already in elite rooms — "elite capture" of deference. Randall Kennedy's "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought" (2021) warns that treating experience as trump cards flattens the genuine spectrum of African American opinion. Kwame Anthony Appiah's "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" (2020) traces the phrase's sudden ubiquity and questions what work it is doing. Together they hold that experience is indispensable evidence but a poor substitute for argument. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question rests on "lived experience" as a warrant — either to honor testimony or to adjudicate a claim that identity settles a dispute. The orientation is twofold: testimony is real knowledge and there is a rich vein of it; but the same sources also contain a strong, careful critique (Táíwò, Kennedy, Appiah) of the move from "I experienced X" to "therefore my account of X is authoritative." Route epistemic-authority questions toward [Authenticity](authenticity.md) and the page's critics of standpoint authority; route the testimony genre toward [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md), [Family & Marriage](family-marriage.md) (the Newkirk letters), and [Race](race.md). --- ## Related Pages [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Family & Marriage](family-marriage.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò · Randall Kennedy ## Citations - [Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference." The Philosopher, 2020.](../sources/t-w-ol-f-mi-o-being-in-the-room-privilege-elite-capture-and-epistemic-deference-2020.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought." Heterodox Academy, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-on-the-authority-of-experience-in-black-thought-2021.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" The Guardian, 2020.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-why-are-politicians-suddenly-talking-about-their-lived-experience-2.md) - [Richberg, Keith. *Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa.* 1997.](../sources/richberg-keith-out-of-america-a-black-man-confronts-africa-1997.md) - [Robinson, Robert. *Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography.*](../sources/robinson-robert-and-jonathan-slevin-black-on-red-my-44-years-inside-the-soviet-union-an-.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters.* Doubleday, 2003.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-a-love-no-less-more-than-two-centuries-of-african-american-love-letters-2.md) - [Newkirk, Pamela. *Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience.* Beacon Press, 2011.](../sources/newkirk-pamela-letters-from-black-america-intimate-portraits-of-the-african-american-exp.md) - [Oluseyi, Hakeem. "A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars." (Book), 2022, https://g.co/kgs/7MybK7P.](../sources/oluseyi-hakeem-a-quantum-life-adapted-for-young-adults-my-unlikely-journey-from-the-stre.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "The Hunger Inside." The New York Times, 2022.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-the-hunger-inside-2022.md) ### N-Word - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # N-Word ## A test case for speech norms The N-word topic is mainly a free-speech and pedagogy test case. Randall Kennedy and John McWhorter ask when mention, quotation, analysis, classroom use, taboo, and insult should be distinguished. That distinction matters because the public controversy often treats all utterance as if it were the same act. ## Classroom judgment and civic maturity Kennedy's classroom essays and his book-length history of the word frame the problem as one of judgment rather than permission alone. McWhorter's work adds a linguistic and cultural account of how a term becomes unsayable. The page should help a chatbot explain why speech context, intent, quotation, history, and institutional role all matter. ## Connection to cancellation This page connects directly to Free Speech, Academia, Race, and Cancel Culture. It should not become a page for sensational examples. Its purpose is to discipline answers about taboo language so they preserve distinctions between use and mention, cruelty and scholarship, and norm enforcement and moral panic. --- ## Related Pages [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](free-speech-cancel-culture.md) · [Academia](academia.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](cancel-culture.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Randall Kennedy](../entities/randall-kennedy.md) ## Citations - [Kennedy, Randall L. "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce/.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce-2019.md) - [McWhorter, John. "How the N-Word Became Unsayable." New York Times, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-how-the-n-word-became-unsayable-2021.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom?" Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom-2021.md) - [Kennedy, Randall L. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. Pantheon Books – Vintage Books, 2002.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-nigger-the-strange-career-of-a-troublesome-word-2002.md) - [McWhorter, John. Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever. 2021.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-nine-nasty-words-english-in-the-gutter-then-now-and-forever-2021.md) ### Patriotism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Patriotism ## Black patriotism as an alternative to grievance This cluster makes a positive case: that pride in America, and a claim to its founding ideals, is available to Black Americans and preferable to a politics of grievance. Two of its pieces come from the 1776 Unites initiative — the counter-project to the 1619 framing — and share its disposition. Clarence Page's "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream': Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization" (2019) argues explicitly for patriotism over a victim identity, and Yaya J. Fanusie's "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America" (2020) ties the nation's health to Black civic attachment. John R. Wood Jr.'s "On Patriotic Empathy" (2020) adds a bridging register, framing patriotism as a basis for mutual understanding across political and racial divides rather than as triumphalism. The Journal of Free Black Thought material makes this more than a 1776 Unites cluster. Kendall Qualls argues for unhyphenated citizenship and revival; Jennifer Richmond's American Heroes series recovers Black exemplars as part of shared national memory; and Jake Mackey's Fourth of July essay keeps the Douglass inheritance in view as a living argument about belonging rather than a settled ritual. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page for questions about Black patriotism, national belonging, and the affirmative-citizenship response to grievance narratives. Its orientation is that love of country and clear sight about its failures can coexist, and that several writers here offer patriotism as the healthier frame. The page is closely tied to the [The 1619 Project](1619-project.md) debate (these are largely the counter-narrative voices) and to [Victimhood](victimhood.md) (which they define themselves against); for the commemorative dimension, route to [Juneteenth](juneteenth.md). --- ## Related Pages [The 1619 Project](1619-project.md) · [Victimhood](victimhood.md) · [Juneteenth](juneteenth.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Kendall Qualls](../entities/kendall-qualls.md) · [Jennifer Richmond](../entities/jennifer-richmond.md) · [Jake Mackey](../entities/jake-mackey.md) · Clarence Page ## Citations - [Page, Clarence. "'A Dream as Old as the American Dream': Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776 Unites, 2019.](../sources/page-clarence-a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimi.md) - [Fanusie, Yaya J. "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America." 1776 Unites, 2020.](../sources/fanusie-yaya-j-as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america-2020.md) - [Wood, John R., Jr. "On Patriotic Empathy." RealClear Politics, 2020.](../sources/wood-john-r-jr-on-patriotic-empathy-2020.md) - [Qualls, Kendall. "Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-americans-are-not-hyphenated.](../sources/kendall-qualls-black-americans-are-not-hyphenated-citizens-2026.md) - [Richmond, Jennifer. "American Heroes, 1: Blanche Kelso Bruce." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce.](../sources/jennifer-richmond-american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce-2025.md) - [Mackey, Jake. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af.](../sources/jake-mackey-what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-2024.md) ### Police - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Police Of the major subjects in the Omni-American Commons, policing is the one the collection approaches most through data. Where other topics gather essays and polemics, this one assembles a working empirical literature — econometric studies of use of force, of police staffing, and of the effects of high-profile oversight — alongside the policy argument over "defunding" and a set of reflections on what Black Americans actually want from the police. The result is the most internally balanced of the pilot topics, because here the disagreements are partly disagreements about evidence, conducted among researchers who do not share a politics. ## The disparities debate The empirical center of gravity is the work of the economist Roland Fryer Jr., whose "An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force" (*Journal of Political Economy*, 2019) reported a finding that has structured the entire argument: substantial racial differences in *nonlethal* force, but no statistically significant racial difference in officer-involved shootings once encounter circumstances are accounted for. Fryer's "Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings" (2018) and his popular summary "What the Data Say About Police" (*Wall Street Journal*, 2020) restate and defend the result. That finding is not the collection's last word; it is its most contested one. The Center for Policing Equity's "Science of Justice" report (Phillip Atiba Goff and colleagues, 2016), Shea Streeter's "Lethal Force in Black and White" (*Journal of Politics*), Charles E. Menifield and colleagues' "Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects?" (2019), and the activist-data work of Samuel Sinyangwe (the Police Scorecard) all bear on the same question from different methods and benchmarks, and they do not all reach Fryer's conclusion. The collection thus holds a genuine methodological dispute about how to measure disparity — over the right denominator, the right population of encounters, and the right data source — rather than a settled answer. Adolph Reed Jr.'s "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence" (*Nonsite*, 2016) presses a more fundamental objection. Reed does not dispute that the disparity exists — he grants that "black people make up a percentage of those killed by police that is nearly double their share of the general American population" — but argues that reducing the killings "to a matter of racism clouds understanding of… the deep sources of the phenomenon." For Reed, the racial-disparity frame shared by most of the other studies obscures the class dynamics and political economy that he holds better explain who is subject to police violence. ## De-policing and its costs A second empirical strand concerns what happens when policing contracts. Fryer's work with Tanaya Devi, "Policing the Police: The Impact of 'Pattern-or-Practice' Investigations on Crime" (NBER, 2020), estimates that investigations triggered by "viral" incidents of deadly force were followed by substantial excess homicides and felonies. Morgan C. Williams Jr. and colleagues, in "Police Force Size and Civilian Race" (NBER, 2020), report that additional officers reduce homicides — with a per-capita benefit roughly twice as large for Black victims as for white — while also producing more arrests for low-level offenses. The pairing captures a real trade-off the collection returns to repeatedly: more policing can mean fewer Black homicide deaths *and* more low-level criminalization at once. Rod K. Brunson's "Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly" (*Washington Post*, 2020) makes the same two-sidedness explicit from the community's vantage. ## Defund versus reform The 2020 policy argument over "defunding" the police runs through the collection, and the assembled Black voices weigh heavily toward reform rather than abolition. Charles Love's "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" (*City Journal*, 2020), Charles Blain's "Reform, Not Defunding" (2020), and Jason L. Riley's several *Wall Street Journal* columns ("Good Policing Saves Black Lives," "The Predictable Consequences of 'Defund the Police'") argue that withdrawing police from high-crime neighborhoods would harm the residents it claims to protect. Jeffrey C. Mays's "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers" (*New York Times*, 2020) documents Black elected officials making the same case, and the legal scholar Randall Kennedy's "Why We Need Good Police" (*Dissent*, 2021) supplies a left-of-center version: not a defense of policing as salvation, but an insistence that public safety cannot be reached without it. Brentin Mock's "The Price of Defunding the Police" (*Bloomberg*, 2017) anticipates the debate and asks whether a defunded department would be less abusive or simply less accountable. The later host and media nodes help route a chatbot into this same debate from conversation surfaces. [E2 Review Podcast](../entities/e2-review-podcast.md) points toward a statistical BLM/policing discussion, [Terry Meiners](../entities/terry-meiners.md) hosts Reilly on racial-story and affirmative-action questions, and [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) gives the topic a practical City Journal reform voice. ## Whose voices, which stories Several pieces step back to ask whose perspective the debate centers. Michael Javen Fortner's "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police" (*City Journal*, 2020) argues that elite institutions have adopted a program "detached from the aspirations… of millions of blacks," and Gene Demby's "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" (Code Switch, 2017) reports research complicating the assumption that diversifying departments resolves the problem. Coleman Hughes's "Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police" (*City Journal*, 2020) names the methodological anxiety underlying the whole topic — the gap between the power of individual stories and the aggregate statistics — and his "Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police" (*Boston Globe*, 2020) argues that reform requires the participation of officers themselves. Finally, two first-person essays give the subject a human register the statistics cannot. Clifford Thompson's "Eric Garner and Me" (*LA Review of Books*, 2015) reflects on Black achievement and vulnerability in the wake of a notorious death in custody, and Gerald Early's "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well" (*The Common Reader*, 2020) — subtitled "a tale of a blue life that mattered" — narrates an individual police life against the abstraction of the policy fight. ## How to read this collection Because this topic holds an actual research literature with internal disagreement, it can be read more nearly as a debate than as a brief. The collection's distinctive contribution is to present the empirical dispute over use-of-force disparities in its unresolved state — Fryer's findings alongside the benchmarks and data that challenge them — and to document that, on the policy question of defunding, a substantial body of Black opinion and Black scholarship favored reform and continued public safety over withdrawal. --- ## Related Pages Entities: [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) · [Morgan C. Williams Jr.](../entities/morgan-c-williams-jr.md) · [Rod K. Brunson](../entities/rod-k-brunson.md) · [Shea Streeter](../entities/shea-streeter.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Jason L. Riley](../entities/jason-l-riley.md) · [Randall Kennedy](../entities/randall-kennedy.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Michael Javen Fortner](../entities/michael-javen-fortner.md) · [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) · [E2 Review Podcast](../entities/e2-review-podcast.md) · [Terry Meiners](../entities/terry-meiners.md) Topics: [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Crime & Incarceration](crime-incarceration.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) ## Citations - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force." *Journal of Political Economy*, 2019.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-racial-differences-in-police-use-of-force-2019.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings." *AEA Papers and Proceedings*, 2018.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-reconciling-results-on-racial-differences-in-police-shootings-2018.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr. "What the Data Say About Police." *Wall Street Journal*, 2020.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-what-the-data-say-about-police-there-are-racial-differences-in-use-of-no.md) - [Fryer, Roland, Jr., and Tanaya Devi. "Policing the Police: The Impact of 'Pattern-or-Practice' Investigations on Crime." NBER, 2020.](../sources/fryer-roland-jr-policing-the-police-the-impact-of-pattern-or-practice-investigations-on-.md) - [Williams, Morgan C., Jr., et al. "Police Force Size and Civilian Race." NBER, 2020.](../sources/williams-morgan-c-jr-police-force-size-and-civilian-race-2020.md) - [Menifield, Charles E., et al. "Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects?" *Public Administration Review*, 2019.](../sources/menifield-charles-e-do-white-law-enforcement-officers-target-minority-suspects-2019.md) - [Streeter, Shea. "Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings." *The Journal of Politics*.](../sources/streeter-shea-lethal-force-in-black-and-white-assessing-racial-disparities-in-the-circum.md) - Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. *The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force.* Center for Policing Equity, 2016. - [Sinyangwe, Samuel. Police Scorecard (ongoing).](../sources/campaign-zero-police-scorecard-n-d.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence." *Nonsite*, 2016.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-how-racial-disparity-does-not-help-make-sense-of-patterns-of-police-viole.md) - [Love, Charles. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/love-charles-does-anyone-really-want-to-defund-the-police-2020.md) - [Blain, Charles. "Reform, Not Defunding." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/blain-charles-reform-not-defunding-2020.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "Good Policing Saves Black Lives." *Wall Street Journal*, 2020.](../sources/riley-jason-l-good-policing-saves-black-lives-a-report-by-harvard-s-roland-fryer-shows-t.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "The Predictable Consequences of 'Defund the Police'." *Wall Street Journal*, 2021.](../sources/riley-jason-l-the-predictable-consequences-of-defund-the-police-2021.md) - [Mays, Jeffrey C. "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers." *New York Times*, 2020.](../sources/mays-jeffrey-c-who-opposes-defunding-the-n-y-p-d-these-black-lawmakers-2020.md) - [Mock, Brentin. "The Price of Defunding the Police." *Bloomberg*, 2017.](../sources/mock-brentin-the-price-of-defunding-the-police-2017.md) - [Brunson, Rod K. "Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly." *Washington Post*, 2020.](../sources/brunson-rod-k-protests-focus-on-over-policing-but-under-policing-is-also-deadly-2020.md) - [Kennedy, Randall. "Why We Need Good Police." *Dissent*, 2021.](../sources/kennedy-randall-why-we-need-good-police-2021.md) - [Fortner, Michael Javen. "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/fortner-michael-javen-hearing-what-black-voices-really-say-about-police-2020.md) - [Demby, Gene. "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" Code Switch, 2017.](../sources/demby-gene-does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence-2017.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police." *City Journal*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-stories-and-data-reflections-on-race-riots-and-police-2020.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police." *Boston Globe*, 2020.](../sources/hughes-coleman-reforming-policing-must-involve-perspectives-of-the-police-2020.md) - [Thompson, Clifford. "Eric Garner and Me." *LA Review of Books*, 2015.](../sources/thompson-clifford-eric-garner-and-me-2015.md) - [Early, Gerald. "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well." *The Common Reader*, 2020.](../sources/early-gerald-rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowing-a-policeman-well-a-tale-of-a-blue-life-tha.md) ### Politics & Activism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Politics & Activism ## Politics as coalition and story This page should orient the chatbot to politics in the Commons as a dispute over coalition, rhetoric, and moral authority rather than a simple partisan ledger. Theodore R. Johnson's account of Black Democratic loyalty and Musa al-Gharbi's work on the Great Awokening frame a recurring question: why do voters, activists, scholars, and institutions describe racial politics in ways that only partly track ordinary ideological diversity? The strongest pages in this cluster ask how race becomes a language for coalition maintenance, elite competition, and civic belonging. ## Activism, protest, and institutional capture The Commons does not treat activism as one thing. Omar Wasow's work on 1960s protest and agenda-setting gives the collection a serious account of movement leverage, while Adolph Reed Jr. and Toure Reed warn that uplift politics and elite racial representation can displace material politics. This creates a useful tension for the chatbot: protest may seed agendas, but institutionalized racial activism can also become a substitute for broader democratic or class politics. ## Black political heterodoxy Several works press against the assumption that Black political life is ideologically uniform. Johnson, al-Gharbi, Glenn Loury, Delano Squires, Danielle Allen, and Hanes Walton Jr. show different parts of that argument: partisan loyalty, Black conservatism, civic republican participation, electoral strategy, and the limits of symbolic representation. The page should link politics to Black Lives Matter, civil-rights memory, class politics, and anti-racism without reducing any of them to a single partisan position. The graph now also has compact civic and media nodes that help a chatbot route political questions without inflating them into full intellectual profiles. [Braver Angels](../entities/braver-angels.md) and [John R. Wood Jr](../entities/john-r-wood-jr.md) mark the depolarization and patriotic-empathy lane; [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) and [Brian C. Anderson](../entities/brian-c-anderson.md) route to City Journal's practical conservative arguments about policing, race, and Black history. --- ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Class: see also Wealth gap](class.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [Hakeem Jefferson](../entities/hakeem-jefferson.md) · [Tasha S. Philpot](../entities/tasha-s-philpot.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [Braver Angels](../entities/braver-angels.md) · [John R. Wood Jr](../entities/john-r-wood-jr.md) · [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities." Interfaith America, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/12/15/great-awokening-racial-realities/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-on-the-great-awokening-and-racial-realities-2020.md) - [Johnson, Theodore, R. "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/28/can-trump-win-black-votes-what-we-know-from-5-decades-of-black-voting-data/.](../sources/johnson-theodore-r-why-are-african-americans-such-loyal-democrats-when-they-are-so-ideol.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with uplift." The Baffler, 2018, https://thebaffler.com/salvos/the-trouble-with-uplift-reed.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-uplift-2018.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left,." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-antiracism-a-neoliberal-alternative-to-a-left-2018.md) - [Wasow, Omar. "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting,." American Political Science Review, 2020, http://omarwasow.com/APSR protests3 1.pdf.](../sources/wasow-omar-agenda-seeding-how-1960s-black-protests-moved-elites-public-opinion-and-votin.md) - [Reed, Touré. "Between Obama and Coates,." Catalyst, 2018, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates.](../sources/reed-tour-between-obama-and-coates-2018.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans?" The American Conservative, 2016, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/why-arent-there-more-black-republicans/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-why-aren-t-there-more-black-republicans-2016.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "What Biden gets wrong about race." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/americas-racial-torment-must-end/.](../sources/loury-glenn-what-biden-gets-wrong-about-race-2022.md) - [Allen, Danielle. "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/learned-ran-for-governor-massachusetts-supermajority-ballot-initiatives-agreement-political-parties-11651848469.](../sources/allen-danielle-what-i-learned-when-i-ran-for-governor-of-massachusetts-2022.md) - [Walton, Hanes, Jr. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. (Revised edition, 2021.](../sources/walton-hanes-jr-american-politics-and-the-african-american-quest-for-universal-freedom-2.md) - [Harmon, Alicia. "Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump." Socius, 2022, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231221128427.](../sources/harmon-alicia-affect-toward-minority-and-majority-groups-in-the-era-of-donald-trump-2022.md) - [Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html.](../sources/jones-clarence-b-dr-california-ethnic-studies-curriculum-imposes-critical-race-theory-ex.md) ### Race - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Race ## Race as lived fact and made thing The race topic should hold together two propositions that often pull apart: race is socially made, and racial experience is nevertheless lived as real. W. E. B. Du Bois supplies the older vocabulary of color line and double consciousness; James Baldwin supplies existential force; Barbara and Karen Fields supply the racecraft vocabulary; Omar Wasow and Jenée Desmond-Harris represent methodological attempts to study race without pretending it is simple. ## Abolition, skepticism, and identity Several contemporary writers argue that racial categories should be weakened rather than reified. Inaya Folarin Iman, Ralph Leonard, Remi Adekoya, and Rienard Knight-Laurie press versions of anti-race or post-racial critique, while Thomas Chatterton Williams and Toure Reed explore the personal and cultural pressures created by authenticity claims. The Journal of Free Black Thought layer adds a current, essayistic version of the same question. Nafees Alam's "Act Your Race" and Dave Gilbert's "Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition" both ask what institutions and individuals do when inherited categories become unstable but still socially powerful. [How Jack Became Black](../entities/how-jack-became-black.md) and [Eli Steele](../entities/eli-steele.md) give the page a documentary route into racial classification and mixed identity, while [Adrian Piper](../entities/adrian-piper.md) connects the same instability to philosophical and artistic work on passing. A chatbot should use these nodes when a question turns from race as social theory to race as lived classification. ## How chatbots should use the page This page should become a hub for many later connections: racism, slavery, authenticity, identity politics, disparity, and Black intellectual history. It should warn the chatbot not to treat race as either biological essence or mere illusion. The Commons is strongest when it keeps both social construction and social consequence in view. --- ## Related Pages [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Slavery](slavery.md) · [“Authenticity”](authenticity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](../entities/w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Thomas Sowell](../entities/thomas-sowell.md) · [Barbara Fields](../entities/barbara-j-fields.md) · [How Jack Became Black](../entities/how-jack-became-black.md) · [Eli Steele](../entities/eli-steele.md) · [Adrian Piper](../entities/adrian-piper.md) · [Nafees Alam](../entities/nafees-alam.md) · [Dave Gilbert](../entities/dave-gilbert.md) ## Citations - [Baldwin, James. "Letter from a Region in My Mind." The New Yorker., 1962, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1962/11/17/letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind.](../sources/baldwin-james-letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind-1962.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America,." New Left Review, 1990, https://newleftreview.org/issues/i181/articles/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america-1990.md) - [Fields, Karen E. and Fields, Barbara J. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin., 2015, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-how-race-is-conjured-an-interview-with-barbara-j-fie.md) - [Wasow, Omar. "‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics,." Annual Review of Political Science, 2016, http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow sen 2016 annurev.pdf.](../sources/wasow-omar-race-as-a-bundle-of-sticks-designs-that-estimate-effects-of-seemingly-immutab.md) - [Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is." Vox, 2014, https://www.vox.com/2014/12/15/7382941/race-research-social-science.](../sources/desmond-harris-jen-e-finally-a-way-to-research-race-that-reflects-how-complicated-it-is-.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/08/04/we-need-to-abolish-race/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-we-need-to-abolish-race-identity-politics-has-revived-racial-thinking.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Racial categories are reactionary." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/why-racial-categories-are-reactionary/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-racial-categories-are-reactionary-2020.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity?" VQR, 2015, https://www.vqronline.org/essays-articles/2015/01/black-and-blue-and-blond.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-black-and-blue-and-blond-where-does-race-fit-in-the-construct.md) - [Fields, Karen E. and Fields, Barbara J. Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life. London: Verso, 2012.](../sources/fields-karen-e-and-barbara-j-fields-racecraft-the-soul-of-inequality-in-american-life-20.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2018.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-the-lies-that-bind-rethinking-identity-2018.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully." Areo, 2021, https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/.](../sources/leonard-ralph-transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-.md) - [Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-opinion-1653635.](../sources/knight-laurie-rienard-true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-2021.md) - [Alam, Nafees. "Act Your Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/act-your-race.](../sources/nafees-alam-act-your-race-2026.md) - [Gilbert, Dave. "Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition.](../sources/dave-gilbert-race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition-2026.md) ### Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Racism / Structural Racism / Institutional Racism This topic should remain messy at first, because the mess is part of the subject. "Racism" in the Commons is not a single agreed concept. It names prejudice, law, institutional behavior, historical inheritance, social meaning, statistical disparity, moral accusation, political identity, and sometimes an all-purpose explanation for unequal outcomes. The value of the page is to make those uses visible without prematurely collapsing them into one definition. Glenn Loury gives the topic one of its most useful tensions. In "Relations before Transactions," he argues that discrimination cannot be understood only as discrete market transactions; social relations, reputations, expectations, and networks matter. But in "Racism Is An Empty Thesis," he resists treating racism as a total explanation that substitutes moral accusation for causal analysis. That double movement is central: structural analysis can be serious, but the word "racism" can also become too blunt to explain much. Several authors push on that problem of elasticity. Musa al-Gharbi asks who defines what counts as racist. Erec Smith distinguishes institutional analysis from culpability and later develops the idea of "virtue racism." Coleman Hughes's "The Racism Treadmill" argues that expanding definitions can make progress harder to perceive. Shelby Steele's "Why the Left Can't Let Go of Racism" treats racism as a source of political and moral leverage in post-civil-rights America. These writers do not deny that racism exists; they object to conceptual inflation. Another strand asks what evidence can bear the weight placed on it. Lawrence Bobo's work on racial attitudes, Craig Frisby's criticism of the Implicit Association Test, Alicia Harmon's work on group affect, and Cydney Dupree's work on interracial self-presentation all speak to measurement. They ask whether the available instruments show prejudice, social desirability, elite norms, changing language, or something else. A third strand seeks alternatives to polarization. George Yancey's mutual-responsibility framework and *Beyond Racial Division*, Tony Sewell's commission report, John Wood Jr.'s writing on race conversations, Robert Woodson's criticism of media racial narratives, and Tomiwa Owolade's warning against race obsession all try to move discussion away from accusation as the primary civic form. Heather McGhee's *The Sum of Us* sits differently in the field, arguing that racism imposes shared costs; its presence is useful because it prevents the page from becoming only a catalog of skepticism. The page should therefore function as a conceptual crossroads. It links to anti-racism, civil rights, education, policing, Black Lives Matter, white fragility, colorblindness, implicit bias, and racecraft. Its central question is not "Is racism real?" but "Which claim about racism is being made, at what level of analysis, with what evidence, and toward what civic end?" ## Related Pages Topics: [Race](race.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Discrimination (see also Racism)](discrimination.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Police](police.md) · [White Privilege](white-privilege.md) · [Whiteness](whiteness.md) Entities: [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · [Shelby Steele](../entities/shelby-steele.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Heather McGhee](../entities/heather-mcghee.md) · [Saida Grundy](../entities/saida-grundy.md) ## Citations - [Loury, Glenn. "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory." *Georgia State University Law Review*, 2007.](../sources/loury-glenn-relations-before-transactions-a-new-paradigm-for-racial-discrimination-theor.md) - [Yancey, George. *Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility*. InterVarsity Press, 2009.](../sources/yancey-george-beyond-racial-gridlock-embracing-mutual-responsibility-2009.md) - [Smith, Erec. "Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability." *Knox News*, 2016.](../sources/smith-erec-institutional-racism-consider-a-neutrality-of-culpability-2016.md) - [Steele, Shelby. "Why the Left Can't Let Go of Racism." *WSJ*, 2017.](../sources/steele-shelby-why-the-left-can-t-let-go-of-racism-2017.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "The Racism Treadmill." *Quillette*, 2018.](../sources/hughes-coleman-the-racism-treadmill-2018.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "Who defines what 'racist' means?" *Context*, 2020.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-who-defines-what-racist-means-2020.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Racism Is An Empty Thesis." *Manhattan Institute*, 2020.](../sources/loury-glenn-racism-is-an-empty-thesis-2020.md) - [Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I)." *Minding the Campus*, 2020.](../sources/frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i-2020.md) - [Sewell, Tony. "Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities (CRED)." 2021.](../sources/commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-di.md) - [McGhee, Heather. *The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together*. One World, 2021.](../sources/mcghee-heather-the-sum-of-us-what-racism-costs-everyone-and-how-we-can-prosper-together-.md) - [Yancey, George. *Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism*. InterVarsity Press, 2022.](../sources/yancey-george-beyond-racial-division-a-unifying-alternative-to-colorblindness-and-antira.md) ### Religion - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Religion ## Religion as moral vocabulary Religion in the Commons is not only church history. It is a language of moral anthropology, law, social repair, and political temptation. Vincent Lloyd's Black Natural Law, Anthony Bradley's body of work, and the CRT-and-Christianity debates show religion as a rival framework for thinking about justice, agency, sin, reconciliation, and institutional reform. ## Civil rights inheritance and contemporary conflict The civil-rights tradition gives religion a public role, but several contemporary writers argue that social-justice ideology can displace or distort religious categories. Squires, Sey, and Voddie Baucham represent Christian critiques; Abdullah bin Hamid Ali tests CRT against Islamic concepts; Tomiwa Owolade and Ralph Leonard widen the frame beyond American Protestant politics. [Just Thinking Ministries](../entities/just-thinking-ministries.md) is a useful routing node for the Christian anti-CRT conversation, especially when paired with [Samuel Sey](../entities/samuel-sey.md), [Voddie T. Baucham Jr.](../entities/voddie-t-baucham-jr.md), and [Abdullah bin Hamid Ali](../entities/abdullah-bin-hamid-ali.md). A chatbot should use it as a source trail into the religious critique of social-justice ideology rather than as a general page on Black religion. ## Connections to later concepts The page should later connect to possible concepts such as social gospel, natural law, liberation theology, and wokeness-as-religion. For now, those should remain review-note candidates rather than formal ontology. --- ## Related Pages [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Anthony B. Bradley](../entities/anthony-b-bradley.md) · [Just Thinking Ministries](../entities/just-thinking-ministries.md) · [Samuel Sey](../entities/samuel-sey.md) · [Voddie T. Baucham Jr.](../entities/voddie-t-baucham-jr.md) ## Citations - [Lloyd, Vincent. Black Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2016.](../sources/lloyd-vincent-black-natural-law-2016.md) - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "How Christianity Kills Itself." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/07/how-christianity-kills-itself/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-how-christianity-kills-itself-2021.md) - [Squires, Delano. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/.](../sources/squires-delano-why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist-2021.md) - [Sey, Samuel. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/do-not-grow-weary-rejecting-critical-race-theory/.](../sources/sey-samuel-do-not-grow-weary-of-rejecting-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah. "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" Lamppost, 2020, https://lamppostedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/how-Islamic critical race theory.pdf.](../sources/bin-hamid-ali-abdullah-how-islamic-is-critical-race-theory-2020.md) - [Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe. Salem Books, 2021.](../sources/baucham-voddie-t-jr-fault-lines-the-social-justice-movement-and-evangelicalism-s-looming.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America. Crossway, 2010.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-liberating-black-theology-the-bible-and-the-black-experience-in-americ.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience. Peter Lang, 2012.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-the-political-economy-of-liberation-thomas-sowell-and-james-cone-on-th.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy. Pickwick Publications, 2015.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-black-scholars-in-white-space-new-vistas-in-african-american-studies-f.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century. Cascade Publishing, 2020.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-why-black-lives-matter-african-american-thriving-for-the-twenty-first-.md) - [Leonard, Ralph. "Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe." Quillette, 2024, https://quillette.com/2024/02/05/understanding-the-jewish-catastrophe.](../sources/leonard-ralph-understanding-the-jewish-catastrophe-2024.md) - [Bradley, Anthony B. Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World. Resource Publications, 2019.](../sources/bradley-anthony-b-faith-in-society-13-profiles-of-christians-adding-value-to-the-modern-.md) ### Reparations - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Reparations ## Debt, harm, and citizenship The reparations topic gathers arguments over historical debt, slavery's afterlives, civic belonging, and the meaning of repair. Jason D. Hill, Charles Douglas Love, John McWhorter, Glenn Loury, and Burgess Owens represent a range of skepticism, ambivalence, and critique rather than a single anti-reparations line. ## The terms of disagreement The strongest reparations answers should separate several questions: whether slavery and Jim Crow produced real inherited harms; whether the living owe or are owed payment; whether a program could be administered justly; whether reparations would strengthen or weaken civic solidarity; and whether symbolic repair substitutes for present institutional reform. ## Connection to slavery and disparity This page should link slavery's moral gravity to contemporary policy debate without letting either swallow the other. It is a natural bridge to Slavery, Disparity, Civil Rights, and Black America, state of, and should push chatbots to ask what kind of repair the user has in mind. --- ## Related Pages [Slavery](slavery.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Burgess Owens](../entities/burgess-owens.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Glenn Loury](../entities/glenn-loury.md) · [Charles Love](../entities/charles-love.md) ## Citations - [Hill, Jason D. "What do African Americans owe America?" The Hill, 2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/576607-what-do-african-americans-owe-america.](../sources/hill-jason-d-what-do-african-americans-owe-america-2021.md) - [Love, Charles Douglas. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view.](../sources/love-charles-douglas-reparations-a-well-rounded-view-2021.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Why I don’t want reparations for slavery." LATimes, 2001, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jul-15-op-22579-story.html.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-why-i-don-t-want-reparations-for-slavery-2001.md) - [Loury, Glenn. "Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427:." https://freakonomics.com/podcast/reparations-part-2/.](../sources/loury-glenn-glenn-loury-on-freakonomics-episode-427-reparations-part-2-n-d.md) - [Owens, Burgess. "I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429.](../sources/owens-burgess-i-didn-t-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-don-t-want-them-2019.md) ### Respectability Politics - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Respectability Politics ## A recurring argument about self-presentation and survival Respectability politics appears here as an argument inside Black life, not merely as an accusation from outside it. Randall Kennedy's "Lifting as We Climb" offers a progressive defense of respectability politics, treating norms of conduct and presentation as historically connected to racial advancement. Ade D. Adeniji's "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics" pushes back against the slogan that respectability will not save you, arguing that survival, choice, and historical experience make the question more complicated. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about self-help, uplift, manners, middle-class norms, or criticism of those norms. Route civil-rights-era discipline and public presentation to Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, authenticity questions to Authenticity, and movement-era criticism to Black Lives Matter and Politics & Activism. The tension is between collective uplift and the worry that respectability becomes victim-blaming. --- ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) ## Citations - [Kennedy, Randall L. "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics." Harper’s Magazine., 2015, https://harpers.org/archive/2015/10/lifting-as-we-climb/.](../sources/kennedy-randall-l-lifting-as-we-climb-a-progressive-defense-of-respectability-politics-2.md) - [Adeniji, Ade D. "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/playing-devils-advocate-respectability-politics-opinion-1570270.](../sources/adeniji-ade-d-playing-devil-s-advocate-with-respectability-politics-2021.md) ### Slavery - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Slavery ## Slavery, race, and historical causation Slavery is one of the Commons' deepest historical topics, but it is not treated as a single explanatory key. Frederick Douglass supplies the moral and civic indictment; W. E. B. Du Bois supplies the empirical and Reconstruction historiography; Barbara Fields insists that race is historically produced rather than a natural cause of slavery; Orlando Patterson places slavery inside comparative social theory. Together these works help the chatbot separate moral gravity from monocausal history. ## Against American exceptional reduction Several sources complicate a purely American racial frame. Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani's accounts of an African ancestor involved in slave trading and the Equiano/Capitein materials widen the historical field. Wilfred Reilly's 1776 Unites essay pushes in a different direction, warning against allowing slavery to define the whole Black American experience. ## Memory, citizenship, and reparative politics The slavery page should connect to the 1619 Project, reparations, civil rights, and racecraft. The useful synthesis is not denial or minimization. It is a disciplined distinction between slavery as central historical fact, slavery as moral inheritance, and slavery as a totalizing explanation of American identity. --- ## Related Pages [1619 Project](1619-project.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Reparations](reparations.md) · [Race](race.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](../entities/w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) · [Frederick Douglass](../entities/frederick-douglass.md) ## Citations - [Fields, Barbara J. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America,." New Left Review, 1990, https://newleftreview.org/issues/i181/articles/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america-1990.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. "Fourth of July Oration,." or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”, 1852, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/what-to-the-slave-is-the-fourth-of-july/.](../sources/douglass-frederick-fourth-of-july-oration-1852.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/wilfred-reilly-2/.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-slavery-does-not-define-the-black-american-experience-2020.md) - [Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves." BBC, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53444752.](../sources/nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-nigerian-great-grandfather-sold-slaves-2020.md) - [Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader." New Yorker, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader.](../sources/nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader-2018.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Harvard University Press, 1982.](../sources/patterson-orlando-slavery-and-social-death-a-comparative-study-1982.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1998.](../sources/patterson-orlando-rituals-of-blood-consequences-of-slavery-in-two-american-centuries-199.md) - [Patterson, Orlando. Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. Basic Books, 1991.](../sources/patterson-orlando-freedom-in-the-making-of-western-culture-1991.md) - [Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845.](../sources/douglass-frederick-narrative-of-the-life-of-frederick-douglass-an-american-slave-1845.md) - [Equiano, Olaudah (a.k.a. Vassa, Gustavus) (Writer; abolitionist; formerly enslaved person.). The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Modern Library, 1789.](../sources/equiano-olaudah-the-interesting-narrative-of-the-life-of-olaudah-equiano-or-gustavus-vas.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael. The Scandal of Thirteentherism. Liberties, 2021.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-the-scandal-of-thirteentherism-2021.md) - [Owens, Burgess. "I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429.](../sources/owens-burgess-i-didn-t-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-don-t-want-them-2019.md) ### Sports - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Sports ## Achievement, culture, and history Sports enters the collection as a domain of Black cultural achievement and as a lens on American society. Orlando Patterson's "The Culture of Sports" (*Journal of Historical Sociology*, 2011) treats athletics sociologically — as a cultural system with its own meanings rather than mere entertainment or escape — and connects to his broader work on Black American life (see [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md)). The historical record is represented by Edwin Bancroft Henderson's *The Negro in Sports*, reissued in an edition edited by Daryl Michael Scott (2014), a foundational documentation of Black athletic accomplishment. ## Sports as a culture-war arena The contemporary material turns to the politics of race within professional sport. The sports commentator Jason Whitlock's pieces — including a 2020 critique of the NFL's revised minority-hiring rules and a polemic against what he calls liberal condescension toward Black athletes — argue, in deliberately provocative terms, that well-intended racial policies and media narratives can patronize or harm the Black competitors they claim to help. These are opinion broadsides, and a chatbot should present them as Whitlock's combative framing rather than as settled analysis. The Journal of Free Black Thought additions widen the page slightly. Connie Morgan's essay on the Brittney Griner trade treats sports as a site of national prestige, celebrity, and racial interpretation, while Michael H. Creswell's "The Price of the Game" connects athletic culture to education and opportunity costs. ## How a chatbot should use this page This is a small page. Use it to surface (a) the sociological and historical treatment of Black achievement in sport (Patterson; Henderson/Scott) and (b) a strand of heterodox commentary skeptical of race-conscious sports policy (Whitlock). For questions about disparity-versus-merit debates the page connects to [Disparity](disparity.md) and [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md); for the achievement-and-culture theme, route to [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) and [Art & literature](art-literature.md). --- ## Related Pages [Orlando Patterson](../entities/orlando-patterson.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Affirmative Action](affirmative-action.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Connie Morgan](../entities/connie-morgan.md) · [Michael H. Creswell](../entities/michael-h-creswell.md) · Jason Whitlock ## Citations - [Patterson, Orlando. "The Culture of Sports." Journal of Historical Sociology, 2011.](../sources/patterson-orlando-the-culture-of-sports-2011.md) - [Scott, Daryl Michael, editor. *The Negro in Sports*, by Edwin Bancroft Henderson. The ASALH Press, 2014.](../sources/scott-daryl-michael-the-negro-in-sports-2014.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-new-hiring-rule-installed-by-nfl-race-hustler-troy-vincent-damages-black-.md) - [Whitlock, Jason. "White Liberals Rig 'Olympics' to Diminish Black Humanity." Outkick, 2020.](../sources/whitlock-jason-white-liberals-rig-olympics-to-diminish-black-humanity-2020.md) - [Morgan, Connie. "The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no.](../sources/connie-morgan-the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no-win-for-black-people-2023.md) - [Creswell, Michael H. "The Price of the Game." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-price-of-the-game.](../sources/creswell-michael-h-the-price-of-the-game-2023.md) ### Thirteenth Amendment - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Thirteenth Amendment ## A constitutional bridge from slavery to citizenship This page points toward the constitutional and political settlement around slavery's abolition. Lucas Morel's Lincoln scholarship gives the page its center: the Thirteenth Amendment belongs to a longer argument over the Founding, natural rights, self-government, and the moral meaning of the Union. ## Lincoln, founding, and historical memory The Gates and Morel sources connect the Amendment to broader African American history and to debates over whether the American founding was fundamentally compromised or contained principles later used against slavery. The topic therefore bridges Slavery, Civil Rights, the 1619 Project, and constitutional memory. ## A sparse topic, not a duplicate slavery page This should remain a compact bridge. Slavery carries the broader historical and comparative burden; the Thirteenth Amendment page should orient questions about constitutional abolition, Lincoln, founding principles, and the transition from slavery as institution to citizenship as unfinished project. --- ## Related Pages [Slavery](slavery.md) · [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [1619 Project](1619-project.md) · [Western Civilization](western-civilization.md) · [Frederick Douglass](../entities/frederick-douglass.md) · Abraham Lincoln ## Citations - [Morel, Lucas E. "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature." Lincoln Lore, 2019, https://www.friendsofthelincolncollection.org/lincoln-lore/lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature/.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature-2019.md) - [Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. SmileyBooks, 2012.](../sources/gates-henry-louis-jr-the-african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross-2012.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. Lincoln and the American Founding. Southern Illinois University Press, 2020.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-and-the-american-founding-2020.md) - [Morel, Lucas E. Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government. Lexington Books, 2000.](../sources/morel-lucas-e-lincoln-s-sacred-effort-defining-religion-s-role-in-american-self-governme.md) - [Robinson, Robert. "Robert Robinson (1906-1994)." BlackPast, 2018, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/robinson-robert-1906-1994/.](../sources/robinson-robert-robert-robinson-1906-1994-2018.md) ### Victimhood - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Victimhood ## Victimhood and agency Victimhood sources in the Commons do not deny injustice; they ask what happens when victim status becomes a governing identity. Erec Smith, Inaya Folarin Iman, Harold A. Black, Adam B. Coleman, Clarence Page, Coleman Hughes, John McWhorter, and Shelby Steele all frame agency, resentment, culture, and civic aspiration as alternatives to a politics organized around injury. ## The political risk The recurring claim is that grievance can become attractive because it offers moral authority, group belonging, and political leverage. The danger is that it may also narrow imagination, weaken responsibility, and make progress seem like betrayal. This makes Victimhood closely connected to Authenticity, Black Lives Matter, Disparity, and Family & Marriage. ## Use without caricature A chatbot should handle this page carefully. The Commons contains many accounts of real racial injustice; the victimhood critique is about identity formation and political style, not a blanket denial of harm. The strongest answers should distinguish moral witness from the habit of making injury the center of social explanation. --- ## Related Pages [Black Lives Matter](black-lives-matter.md) · [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Family & Marriage](family-marriage.md) · [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](disparity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Shelby Steele](../entities/shelby-steele.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Smith, Erec. "Towards Practical Empowerment." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/02/19/towards-practical-empowerment/.](../sources/smith-erec-towards-practical-empowerment-2021.md) - [Iman, Inaya Folarin. "These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/08/these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism/.](../sources/iman-inaya-folarin-these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism-black-lives-matter-uk-i.md) - [Smith, Erec. "The Loss of the Black Individual." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/.](../sources/smith-erec-the-loss-of-the-black-individual-2020.md) - [Bingham, Quincy. "A fresh look at racial injustice." 2020, https://quincylsb.com/a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice/.](../sources/bingham-quincy-a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice-2020.md) - [Black, Harold A. "The Cult of Victimhood." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/the-cult-of-victimhood/.](../sources/black-harold-a-the-cult-of-victimhood-2020.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/07/19/black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap/.](../sources/hughes-coleman-black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap-2018.md) - [McWhorter, John. "On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/30/on-victimhood-and-culture-a-reply-to-aaron-hanna/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-on-victimhood-and-culture-a-reply-to-aaron-hanna-2021.md) - [Page, Clarence. "‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776Unites., 2019, https://1776unites.com/essays/a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimization/.](../sources/page-clarence-a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimi.md) - [Steele, Shelby. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-11606069287.](../sources/steele-shelby-the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-2020.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "Why is Martin Luther King Jr. given hero’s status, but we never listen to our hero’s message? Why is forgiveness seen as a weakness and resentment seen as empowerment?" Black Victim to Black Victor: Identifying the Ideologies, Behavioral Patterns and Cultural Norms That Encourage a Victimhood Complex, 2021, https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-black-victim-to-black-victor-2021.md) ### Voting & Voter Suppression - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Voting & Voter Suppression ## Civil-rights memory and present claims Voting and voter suppression sit between the civil-rights inheritance and contemporary electoral rhetoric. Fannie Lou Hamer's speeches and autobiography provide the moral baseline: voting rights were defended against direct intimidation and exclusion. Later Jason Riley and Adam B. Coleman pieces question whether contemporary voter-suppression claims always track that historical reality. ## Progress, rhetoric, and evidence The page should help a chatbot distinguish several claims: historical disfranchisement, present-day administrative burdens, voter-ID controversies, partisan messaging, and racial-progress narratives. The tension is not whether voting rights mattered; it is how much present political rhetoric relies on keeping 1960s categories intact. ## Bridge to politics This page connects Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era to Politics & Activism. It should be used when users ask about the Voting Rights Act legacy, voter ID, racial progress, or whether claims of suppression are empirically grounded. --- ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · Jason Riley ## Citations - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is. University Press of Mississippi, 2011.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-the-speeches-of-fannie-lou-hamer-to-tell-it-like-it-is-2011.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-racial-progress-democrats-atlanta-georgia-speech-biden-vote-suppression-black-minority-voter-turnout-11642539202.](../sources/riley-jason-l-the-racial-progress-democrats-won-t-admit-2022.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-11557268819.](../sources/riley-jason-l-data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-2019.md) - [Coleman, Adam B. "John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans." NY Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/08/31/john-fettermans-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-insult-black-americans/.](../sources/coleman-adam-b-john-fetterman-s-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-are-an-insult-to-black-ame.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography. KIPCO, 1967.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-to-praise-our-bridges-an-autobiography-1967.md) - [Riley, Jason L. "The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964." WSJ., 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-democrats-are-stuck-in-1964-11617747282.](../sources/riley-jason-l-the-democrats-are-stuck-in-1964-2021.md) ### Wealth gap: see also Class - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Wealth gap ## What the "racial wealth gap" does and doesn't explain This page collects a pointed argument about a single statistic. The racial wealth gap — the large average difference in net worth between Black and white households — is frequently treated as a summary proof of ongoing racial injustice, and the writers here push back on that inference without denying the gap. Adolph Reed Jr.'s "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality" (*New Republic*, 2020) argues that the racial framing obscures a larger, cross-racial story of wealth concentration: most white households are nowhere near the top either, and a class analysis explains the distribution better than a race-only one. Coleman Hughes's "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap" (2018) approaches the same statistic from a different angle, emphasizing behavioral and cultural factors alongside historical ones. ## A hinge to class and disparity The page is best understood as a specialized branch of two larger ones. Like [Disparity](disparity.md), it turns on the inference problem — what a gap does and does not prove — and like [Class](class.md), it presses a political-economy reading against a race-first one. Reed's contribution in particular is continuous with his wider critique of "disparity ideology." ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question cites the racial wealth gap as evidence. Its orientation: the gap is real, but the writers here argue it is routinely asked to carry more explanatory weight than it can bear, and that wealth concentration is substantially a cross-racial, class phenomenon. Route the inference question to [Disparity](disparity.md), the political economy to [Class](class.md), the mechanism to [Discrimination](discrimination.md), and the optimism-versus-pessimism balance to [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md). --- ## Related Pages [Class](class.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Discrimination](discrimination.md) · [Black America, state of](black-america-state-of.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) · Adolph Reed Jr. ## Citations - [Hughes, Coleman. "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap." Quillette, 2018.](../sources/hughes-coleman-black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap-2018.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the 'racial wealth gap' fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America." New Republic, 2020.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-the-surprising-cross-racial-saga-of-modern-wealth-inequality-why-the-raci.md) - [Cooper, Bertrand. "The Hunger Inside." The New York Times, 2022.](../sources/cooper-bertrand-the-hunger-inside-2022.md) ### Western Civilization - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Western Civilization ## Is "the West" even a coherent thing? The anchor of this small cluster is Kwame Anthony Appiah's "There is no such thing as western civilisation" (*The Guardian* / Reith Lecture, 2016), which argues that "Western civilization" is a recently invented and internally incoherent category — a story that stitches together Greece, Christendom, and the Enlightenment into a false unity and then polices its borders. Appiah's larger reference work, the *Africana* encyclopedia (2005, with Henry Louis Gates Jr.), embodies the same cosmopolitan impulse: cultures are entangled, not sealed. On this view the very concept that culture-war combatants fight over — defending or decolonizing "the West" — rests on a fiction. ## The counter-current: the West and its self-doubt Remi Adekoya supplies a different register. "Why does the West hate itself?" (*UnHerd*, 2021) examines Western, especially white-progressive, self-loathing as its own phenomenon, and "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative" (2020) — shared with the [Colonialism / Decolonialism](colonialism-decolonialism.md) page — insists the historical ledger of the West is more mixed than either its celebrants or its prosecutors allow. Where Appiah dissolves the category, Adekoya takes the live argument about Western guilt seriously and asks for proportion. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page for questions about "the West," Western civilization, the canon, or civilizational decline and guilt. Its orientation has two moves a chatbot should keep distinct: Appiah's conceptual claim that "Western civilization" is not a coherent inheritance, and Adekoya's substantive claim that the West is judged by a one-sided ledger. Route curriculum and canon fights to [Colonialism / Decolonialism](colonialism-decolonialism.md) and [Education & Schools](education-schools.md), and identity-and-culture questions to [Race](race.md) and [Cultural Appropriation](cultural-appropriation.md). --- ## Related Pages [Colonialism / Decolonialism](colonialism-decolonialism.md) · [Cultural Appropriation](cultural-appropriation.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Education & Schools](education-schools.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Kwame Anthony Appiah](../entities/kwame-anthony-appiah.md) · [Remi Adekoya](../entities/remi-adekoya.md) ## Citations - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "There is no such thing as western civilisation." The Guardian, 2016.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-there-is-no-such-thing-as-western-civilisation-2016.md) - [Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. *Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.* 2005.](../sources/appiah-kwame-anthony-africana-the-encyclopedia-of-the-african-and-african-american-exper.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative." UnHerd, 2020.](../sources/adekoya-remi-not-all-the-facts-fit-the-anti-colonialist-narrative-2020.md) - [Adekoya, Remi. "Why does the West hate itself?" UnHerd, 2021.](../sources/adekoya-remi-why-does-the-west-hate-itself-2021.md) ### White fragility - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # White fragility ## A popular framework and its critics White fragility appears in the Commons mainly through critical responses to Robin DiAngelo's framework and the institutional culture around it. John McWhorter, Wilfred Reilly, Coleman Hughes, Tomiwa Owolade, Kelefa Sanneh, Chloé Valdary, and Cedrick-Michael Simmons all question whether the framework clarifies racism or turns disagreement, discomfort, and dissent into proof of guilt. ## Moral pedagogy and condescension The recurring concern is pedagogical. The critics argue that white-fragility language can become circular, infantilizing, or morally theatrical: it casts white people as trapped in unavoidable racism and Black people as needing ritualized sensitivity from them. That concern links the topic to DEI, Anti-racism, Wokeness, Whiteness, and White Privilege. ## Keep it specific This page should not become a general anti-wokeness page. Its use is narrower: when a user asks about DiAngelo, fragility, diversity training, or racial guilt as an institutional script, this page supplies the focused critique and points outward to broader pages only as needed. --- ## Related Pages [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](wokeness.md) · [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](dei.md) · [Whiteness](whiteness.md) · [White Privilege](white-privilege.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [Coleman Hughes](../entities/coleman-hughes.md) ## Citations - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "Antiracism Won’t Save You." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/06/antiracism-wont-save-you/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-antiracism-won-t-save-you-2021.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Limits of Diversity,." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/the-limits-of-diversity.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-the-limits-of-diversity-2017.md) - [McWhorter, John. "The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility." Atlantic, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/dehumanizing-condescension-white-fragility/614146/.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-the-dehumanizing-condescension-of-white-fragility-2020.md) - [Valdary, Chloé. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing." City Journal., 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training.](../sources/valdary-chlo-reconciliation-or-grievance-modern-diversity-training-too-often-violates-ma.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo." Commentary Magazine, 2020, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/white-fragility-fragile-racism-argument/.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-a-fragile-argument-review-of-white-fragility-by-robin-diangelo-2020.md) - [Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Fight to Redefine Racism." Stamped from the Beginning, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/19/the-fight-to-redefine-racism.](../sources/sanneh-kelefa-the-fight-to-redefine-racism-2019.md) - [Hughes, Coleman. "Black Fragility?" City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/white-fragility.](../sources/hughes-coleman-black-fragility-2020.md) - [QJ, Steve. "Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/illumination-curated/robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-c163a76655f5.](../sources/qj-steve-robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-2021.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/im-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility/.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-i-m-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility-robin-diangelo-s-corpora.md) - [Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’." Class Unity, 2020, https://classunity.org/racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility/.](../sources/simmons-cedrick-michael-racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility-2020.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like." American Scholar, 2019, https://theamericanscholar.org/skin-deep/.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-skin-deep-you-can-t-fight-like-with-like-2019.md) ### White People Posing as Black or Non-White - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # White People Posing as Black or Non-White ## Authenticity under pressure This label gathers cases where white people claim, perform, or pass into Black or non-white identity. Toure F. Reed's "Jess La Bombalera" treats Jessica Krug less as an isolated scandal than as evidence of a demand for racial performance in liberal academic settings. John McWhorter's "Living in Blackface" reads Rachel Dolezal and Krug as signs of a strange status economy around Blackness in the 2020 racial reckoning. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page for questions about Dolezal, Krug, racial passing, racial authenticity, or the incentives around claiming marginalized identity. Route older theatrical blackface questions to Blackface, general identity-boundary questions to Authenticity and Race, and institutional incentives to Anti-racism and Lived experience. --- ## Related Pages [Authenticity](authenticity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Blackface](blackface.md) · [Whiteness](whiteness.md) · [Lived experience](lived-experience.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) ## Citations - [Reed, Touré F. "‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity." Jacobin, 2020, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity.](../sources/reed-toure-f-jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity-2020.md) - [McWhorter, John. "Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black?" Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/living-in-blackface.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-living-in-blackface-what-does-it-say-about-america-that-rachel-dolezal-an.md) ### White Privilege - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # White Privilege ## The class axis of the argument The "white privilege" debate turns less on whether racial advantage exists than on whether the *privilege* framing explains it well — and the contest runs mostly along the axis of class. A recurring claim is that the language of white privilege obscures poor and working-class white people and the political economy that shapes everyone's life chances. Kirby Moss's ethnography *The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege* (2003) names the paradox directly; John Wood Jr.'s "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality" (2022) states the thesis in its title; Musa al-Gharbi's "It's Time to Stop Patronizing White People" (2015) and Darryl Finkton Jr.'s "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege" (2022) push harder against the concept's usefulness. ## The materialist and the affirmative defenses The skepticism is not only a conservative position. Adolph Reed Jr.'s "Du Bois and the 'Wages of Whiteness'" (2017) and Barbara J. Fields's "The Death of Hannah Fizer" (2020) come from the materialist left and argue that race-first "privilege" talk can crowd out class and the shared interests of working people across color lines. Against these, the concept keeps its defenders: Naomi Zack's *White Privilege and Black Rights* (2015) grounds the idea in the concrete realities of police profiling and homicide, and Sinethemba Zonke's "We need to stop viewing 'privilege' as an insult" (2017) argues the term is a description, not an accusation. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page when a question turns on whether "white privilege" is the right lens for a particular inequality. The strongest skeptical treatments are heterogeneous — materialist-left ([Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md), [Barbara Fields](../entities/barbara-j-fields.md)), heterodox-centrist ([John R. Wood Jr](../entities/john-r-wood-jr.md), [Musa al-Gharbi](../entities/musa-al-gharbi.md)), and conservative (Finkton) — and there are serious defenses ([Naomi Zack](../entities/naomi-zack.md), Zonke), especially where policing and the criminal law are concerned. Route distributional questions to [Class](class.md) and [Disparity](disparity.md), conceptual ones about racial identity to [Whiteness](whiteness.md), and enforcement questions to [Police](police.md). The page pairs with [Whiteness](whiteness.md): privilege is the distributional face of the same debate. --- ## Related Pages [Whiteness](whiteness.md) · [Class](class.md) · [Disparity](disparity.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Police](police.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Barbara Fields](../entities/barbara-j-fields.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](../entities/musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Naomi Zack](../entities/naomi-zack.md) ## Citations - [Moss, Kirby. *The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege.* University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.](../sources/moss-kirby-the-color-of-class-poor-whites-and-the-paradox-of-privilege-2003.md) - [Zack, Naomi. *White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide.* Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.](../sources/zack-naomi-white-privilege-and-black-rights-the-injustice-of-u-s-police-racial-profiling.md) - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "It's Time to Stop Patronizing White People." Salon, 2015.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-it-s-time-to-stop-patronizing-white-people-2015.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway." Nonsite, 2017, https://nonsite.org/du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness/.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness-what-he-meant-what-he-didn-t-and-besid.md) - [Zonke, Sinethemba. "We need to stop viewing 'privilege' as an insult." Daily Maverick, 2017.](../sources/zonke-sinethemba-we-need-to-stop-viewing-privilege-as-an-insult-2017.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. (with Adam Rothman). "The Death of Hannah Fizer." Dissent, 2020.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-the-death-of-hannah-fizer-2020.md) - [Wood, John, Jr. "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality." USA Today, 2022.](../sources/wood-john-jr-white-privilege-may-be-real-but-economic-class-is-a-bigger-factor-in-drivin.md) - [Finkton, Darryl, Jr. "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege." Medium, 2022.](../sources/finkton-darryl-jr-the-impoverishing-myth-of-white-privilege-2022.md) ### White Saviors - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # White Saviors ## Paternalism and the trap of visible concern White Saviors is a one-source bridge centered on Tomiwa Owolade's "The problem with white saviours." The piece links white saviorism to white feminism, anti-racist accusation, and a double bind: showing too much concern for people of color can be treated as condescension, while showing too little concern can be treated as indifference. ## Use as a routing page A chatbot should use this page when users ask about white saviorism, paternalism, over-performed concern, or the line between solidarity and condescension. Route performance-of-support questions to Allyship, conceptual whiteness questions to Whiteness and White Privilege, and gendered versions of the critique to Women & Feminism and Intersectionality. --- ## Related Pages Allyship · [White Privilege](white-privilege.md) · [Whiteness](whiteness.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Intersectionality](intersectionality.md) · [Women & Feminism](women-feminism.md) ## Citations - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "The problem with white saviours." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/09/the-problem-with-white-saviours/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-the-problem-with-white-saviours-2021.md) ### Whiteness - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Whiteness ## A contested analytic category "Whiteness" appears as a term of art whose meaning is itself the argument. Cheryl Harris's "Whiteness as Property" (*Harvard Law Review*, 1993) gives the concept its most influential legal-theoretic form — whiteness as a set of expectations and entitlements protected like property — and stands as one of the founding texts of critical race theory. Much of the rest of the cluster is a response to that tradition: writers who think the category names something real, writers who think it has been analytically overworked, and writers who fear it has hardened into a new essentialism. ## The materialist genealogy and its self-critique A distinct strand traces "whiteness" back through W. E. B. Du Bois's "wages of whiteness" and the labor historian David Roediger, then turns critical. Adolph Reed Jr.'s "Du Bois and the 'Wages of Whiteness'" (2017) argues that the phrase has been misread and that, in any case, it should not anchor present politics. Cedric Johnson's "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need" (2019) presses the point further, faulting whiteness studies for displacing class and producing little political payoff. Barbara J. Fields — whose "racecraft" vocabulary informs the [Race](race.md) page — supplies the underlying skepticism in "Whiteness, Racism and Identity" (2001). For these writers, whiteness is a real historical formation but a poor organizing principle for a left politics. ## The reification worry, and a reform proposal A third group worries that contemporary "whiteness" talk re-essentializes race. Thomas Chatterton Williams's "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power" (2017) argues that treating whiteness as an almost metaphysical force concedes too much; Steve QJ's "The Unspoken Evils of 'Whiteness'" (2021) makes a sharper popular version of the complaint. Against the impulse to abandon the field, Roderick Graham's "Why We Need Whiteness Studies" (2019) proposes reforming it into an empirical, cross-cutting inquiry rather than a moral catechism, and Corey D. Fields's review of Matthew W. Hughey's *White Bound* (2013) surfaces Hughey's empirical finding that white nationalists and white anti-racists share a surprising set of underlying assumptions about whiteness. ## How a chatbot should use this page Treat "whiteness" as a word that means different things to different writers, and surface that first. For the CRT/legal sense, route to Cheryl Harris and [Critical Race Theory](critical-race-theory.md). For the political-economy critique, route to [Class](class.md), [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md), and Cedric Johnson. For the reification worry, route to [Race](race.md), [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md), and the [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) cluster. The page pairs closely with [White Privilege](white-privilege.md); use Whiteness for the conceptual/identity question and White Privilege for the distributional one. --- ## Related Pages [White Privilege](white-privilege.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) · [Critical Race Theory](critical-race-theory.md) · [Class](class.md) · [Anti-racism](anti-racism.md) · [Corey D. Fields](../entities/corey-d-fields.md) · [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) · [W. E. B. Du Bois](../entities/w-e-b-du-bois.md) · [Adolph Reed Jr.](../entities/adolph-reed-jr.md) · [Barbara Fields](../entities/barbara-j-fields.md) ## Citations - [Harris, Cheryl. "Whiteness as Property." Harvard Law Review, 1993.](../sources/harris-cheryl-whiteness-as-property-1993.md) - [Fields, Barbara J. "Whiteness, Racism and Identity." International Labor & Working-Class History, 2001.](../sources/fields-barbara-j-whiteness-racism-and-identity-2001.md) - [Fields, Corey D. "Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey." American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844, 2013, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/672359.](../sources/fields-corey-d-review-of-white-bound-nationalists-antiracists-and-the-shared-meanings-of.md) - [Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway." Nonsite, 2017, https://nonsite.org/du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness/.](../sources/reed-adolph-jr-du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness-what-he-meant-what-he-didn-t-and-besid.md) - [Johnson, Cedric. "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need." Nonsite, 2019.](../sources/johnson-cedric-the-wages-of-roediger-why-three-decades-of-whiteness-studies-has-not-prod.md) - [Graham, Roderick. "Why We Need Whiteness Studies." Areo, 2019.](../sources/graham-roderick-why-we-need-whiteness-studies-2019.md) - [Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times, 2017.](../sources/williams-thomas-chatterton-how-ta-nehisi-coates-gives-whiteness-power-2017.md) - [QJ, Steve. "The Unspoken Evils of 'Whiteness'." Medium, 2021.](../sources/qj-steve-the-unspoken-evils-of-whiteness-2021.md) ### Wokeness - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Wokeness ## From moral awakening to status system The Wokeness topic gathers sources that treat a new racial moral language as both sincere conviction and status practice. Musa al-Gharbi's Great Awokening account and Wilfred Reilly's writings on woke history and the whiteness of wokeness give the page its empirical and polemical center. ## Religion, managerialism, and identity performance The Commons contains several explanations of wokeness: religion substitute, elite aspiration, managerial ideology, anti-racist overreach, and social-performance script. Reilly's religion analogy, McWhorter's Woke Racism, Malcom Kyeyune's managerialism essays, and Cydney Dupree's competence-downshift study should be treated as adjacent explanations rather than one doctrine. ## Use as a bridge page This page should be a bridge, not a dumping ground. It links to Anti-racism, CRT, Religion, Politics & Activism, White fragility, and Academia. A chatbot should use it to understand the Commons' critique of a contemporary moral style, while still checking the more precise topic page when a user asks about schools, law, speech, or religion. --- ## Related Pages [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](anti-racism.md) · [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](critical-race-theory.md) · [White fragility](white-fragility.md) · [Religion](religion.md) · [Politics & Activism](politics-activism.md) · [John McWhorter](../entities/john-mcwhorter.md) · [Wilfred Reilly](../entities/wilfred-reilly.md) · [Musa al-Gharbi](../entities/musa-al-gharbi.md) · [Malcom Kyeyune](../entities/malcom-kyeyune.md) ## Citations - [al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities." Interfaith America, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/12/15/great-awokening-racial-realities/.](../sources/al-gharbi-musa-on-the-great-awokening-and-racial-realities-2020.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness." American Spectator, 2020, https://spectator.org/wokeness-religion-american-spectator-print-magazine/.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-believers-gonna-believe-the-young-american-transition-from-religion-to-wo.md) - [Reilly, Wilfred. "The Whiteness of Wokeness." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/whiteness-wokeness/.](../sources/reilly-wilfred-the-whiteness-of-wokeness-2021.md) - Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Woke History Is Not the Answer." RealClear PublicAffairs, 2020, https://www.realclearpublicaffairs.com/articles/2020/10/27/why_woke_history_is_not_the_answer_581610.html. - [Dupree, Cydney H. "Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals,." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, 2019, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60f440ee21958c59e08b1fcb/t/60f4739e1ad9bf1c32bf956e/1626633162022/Dupree-Fiske-2019.pdf.](../sources/dupree-cydney-h-self-presentation-in-interracial-settings-the-competence-downshift-by-wh.md) - [Akanbi, Ayishat. "The problem with wokeness." All About Women 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sni7ghqHBJw.](../sources/akanbi-ayishat-the-problem-with-wokeness-2019.md) - [Brooke, Africa. "Why I’m leaving the cult of wokeness." 2019, https://ckarchive.com/b/d0ueh0h67mpd.](../sources/brooke-africa-why-i-m-leaving-the-cult-of-wokeness-2019.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration." City Journal., 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-as-elite-aspiration.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-as-elite-aspiration-2021.md) - [Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism." City Journal., 2022, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism.](../sources/kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism-2022.md) - [McWhorter, John. Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America. Portfolio / Penguin, 2021.](../sources/mcwhorter-john-woke-racism-how-a-new-religion-has-betrayed-black-america-2021.md) - Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Woke History Is Not the Answer." RealClear PublicAffairs, 2020, https://www.realclearpublicaffairs.com/articles/2020/10/27/why woke history is not the answer 581610.html. - [Owolade, Tomiwa. "In defence of wokeness." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/03/in-defence-of-wokeness/.](../sources/owolade-tomiwa-in-defence-of-wokeness-2022.md) ### Women & Feminism - **Type:** topic - **Status:** provisional # Women & Feminism ## A thin label spanning two registers This is a small and heterogeneous label, and a chatbot should treat it as a pointer rather than a developed theory page. Its materials fall into two registers that do not really form a single argument. The first is a historical canon of Black women's writing and activism: Anna Julia Cooper's *A Voice from the South* (1892), a foundational text of Black feminist thought; the speeches and autobiography of the civil-rights organizer Fannie Lou Hamer; and Ann Allen Shockley's pioneering literary recovery work, *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933* (1989) and her essay on Black lesbian writing (1983). The second register is contemporary and heterodox commentary: Katharine Birbalsingh's "Minority women can think for themselves" (2020) resists the assumption that Black and Asian women share a single politics, and Angie Speaks's "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism" (2022) critiques mainstream feminism from the left. ## What the page is and isn't The label does not contain a sustained engagement with feminist theory, intersectionality, or gender as such — those threads live elsewhere (intersectionality has its own small label) or are simply sparse in this topic cluster. What this page can reliably do is surface (a) primary documents in the Black women's intellectual and activist tradition, especially Cooper and Hamer, and (b) a couple of present-day dissents from a presumed-uniform "women's" or feminist line. ## How a chatbot should use this page Use this page to retrieve specific figures — Cooper, Hamer, Shockley — when a question concerns Black women's writing, suffrage and civil-rights organizing, or literary recovery; and to note heterodox skepticism (Birbalsingh, Speaks) toward the idea of a single women's politics. Because the label is thin and mixed, route most substantive questions outward: organizing and the vote to [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) and Voting/Voter Suppression, writing to [Art & literature](art-literature.md), and identity-coalition questions to [Race](race.md) and Intersectionality. Do not overstate the page's coherence. --- ## Related Pages [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) · [Art & literature](art-literature.md) · [Family & Marriage](family-marriage.md) · [Race](race.md) · [Black intellectual history](black-intellectual-history.md) · Intersectionality · Voting / Voter Suppression ## Citations - [Cooper, Anna Julia. *A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South.* The Aldine Printing House, 1892.](../sources/cooper-anna-julia-a-voice-from-the-south-by-a-black-woman-of-the-south-1892.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is.* (Ed. Brooks and Houck.) University Press of Mississippi, 2011.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-the-speeches-of-fannie-lou-hamer-to-tell-it-like-it-is-2011.md) - [Hamer, Fannie Lou. *To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography.* KIPCO, 1967.](../sources/hamer-fannie-lou-to-praise-our-bridges-an-autobiography-1967.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide.* Meridian Books, 1989.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-afro-american-women-writers-1746-1933-an-anthology-and-critical-guide.md) - [Shockley, Ann Allen. "The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview." In *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology*, 1983.](../sources/shockley-ann-allen-the-black-lesbian-in-american-literature-an-overview-1983.md) - [Birbalsingh, Katharine. "Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/minority-women-can-think-for-themselves/.](../sources/birbalsingh-katharine-minority-women-can-think-for-themselves-black-and-asian-people-are.md) - [Speaks, Angie. "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism." Newsweek, 2022.](../sources/speaks-angie-johnny-depp-s-victory-is-a-crack-in-the-moral-armor-of-liberal-feminism-202.md) ## Source Catalog ### Unknown author — I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter. - The Washington Post - **Citation:** "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter. - The Washington Post." - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Unknown author — Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police - The Boston Globe - **Citation:** "Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police - The Boston Globe." - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** incomplete ### #BLM10 — It is Time for Accountability — 2020 - **Citation:** #BLM10. "It is Time for Accountability." BLM Chapter Statement, 2020, https://www.blmchapterstatement.com/no1/. - **Publication:** BLM Chapter Statement - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.blmchapterstatement.com/no1/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### 1. Personal Responsibility For One’s Actions — 12 Principles I Live By — 2024 - **Citation:** 1. Personal Responsibility For One’s Actions. "12 Principles I Live By." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/12-principles-i-live-by. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/12-principles-i-live-by - **Topics:** Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### A Thanksgiving message — The Case for Unabashed Black Patriotism — 2024 - **Citation:** A Thanksgiving message. "The Case for Unabashed Black Patriotism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-case-for-unabashed-black-patriotism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-case-for-unabashed-black-patriotism - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Aaron Fenton-Hewitt — DEI: The Arrogance of Social Engineering — 2024 - **Citation:** Aaron Fenton-Hewitt. "DEI: The Arrogance of Social Engineering." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dei-the-arrogance-of-social-engineering. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dei-the-arrogance-of-social-engineering - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Aaron Fenton-Hewitt — The Economy of Victimhood — 2021 - **Citation:** Aaron Fenton-Hewitt. "The Economy of Victimhood." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-economy-of-victimhood. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-economy-of-victimhood - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity), Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Abigail Ingram — Birthright Citizenship — 2026 - **Citation:** Abigail Ingram. "Birthright Citizenship." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/birthright-citizenship. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/birthright-citizenship - **Topics:** Immigration - **Citation status:** complete ### Abigail Ingram — The Return of Respectability Politics? — 2026 - **Citation:** Abigail Ingram. "The Return of Respectability Politics?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-return-of-respectability-politics. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-return-of-respectability-politics - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Respectability politics - **Citation status:** complete ### Ada Akpala — Implications and Dangers of False Accusations of Racism — 2022 - **Citation:** Ada Akpala. "Implications and Dangers of False Accusations of Racism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/implications-and-dangers-of-false. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/implications-and-dangers-of-false - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Ada Akpala — What Does It Mean to Be a Black Girl? — 2021 - **Citation:** Ada Akpala. "What Does It Mean to Be a Black Girl?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-black-girl. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-black-girl - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Adaam James Levin-Areddy — The Puns of Eden: From Culture to Kitsch — 2026 - **Citation:** Adaam James Levin-Areddy. "The Puns of Eden: From Culture to Kitsch." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-puns-of-eden-from-culture-to-kitsch/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-puns-of-eden-from-culture-to-kitsch/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Adam Gussow — A New Tribe of Us: Our Mississippi, Today — 2025 - **Citation:** Adam Gussow. "A New Tribe of Us: Our Mississippi, Today." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-new-tribe-of-us-our-mississippi. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-new-tribe-of-us-our-mississippi - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Adam Gussow — Bilbo is Dead — 2024 - **Citation:** Adam Gussow. "Bilbo is Dead." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/bilbo-is-dead. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/bilbo-is-dead - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Adam Gussow — The Freest Thing on Earth — 2024 - **Citation:** Adam Gussow. "The Freest Thing on Earth." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-freest-thing-on-earth. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-freest-thing-on-earth - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Adam Gussow — Where Is the Love? — 2024 - **Citation:** Adam Gussow. "Where Is the Love?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/where-is-the-love. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/where-is-the-love - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Adams, Rebekah — A Student Movement for Academic Freedom — 2020 - **Citation:** Adams, Rebekah. "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom." Newsweek, 2020, https://www.newsweek.com/student-movement-academic-freedom-opinion-1556366. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/student-movement-academic-freedom-opinion-1556366 - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Adams, Rebekah — Black Voters For Trump — 2020 - **Citation:** Adams, Rebekah. "Black Voters For Trump." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/black-voters-for-trump-opinion/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/black-voters-for-trump-opinion/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Adams, Rebekah — Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem — 2020 - **Citation:** Adams, Rebekah. "Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/cancel-cultures-anti-semitism-problem/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/cancel-cultures-anti-semitism-problem/ - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) - **Citation status:** complete ### Adams, Rebekah — It’s Time For Communal Accountability — 2020 - **Citation:** Adams, Rebekah. "It’s Time For Communal Accountability." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/its-time-for-communal-accountability-opinion/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/its-time-for-communal-accountability-opinion/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — Antiracism is too middle-class — 2021 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "Antiracism is too middle-class." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/antiracism-is-too-middle-class/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/03/antiracism-is-too-middle-class/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race — 2021 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race. Little, Brown, 2021. - **Publication:** Little, Brown - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people — 2020 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/why-dont-black-lives-matter/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/06/why-dont-black-lives-matter/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — My problem with black identity — 2018 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "My problem with black identity." Spiked, 2018, https://www.spiked-online.com/2018/09/28/my-problem-with-black-identity. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2018/09/28/my-problem-with-black-identity - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative — 2020 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/anti-colonialists-must-tell-the-truth-about-empire/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/08/anti-colonialists-must-tell-the-truth-about-empire/ - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism, Western Civilization - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — The truth about Elizabeth’s empire — 2022 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "The truth about Elizabeth’s empire." Unherd., 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/we-need-to-talk-about-empire/. - **Publication:** Unherd. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/09/we-need-to-talk-about-empire/ - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Adekoya, Remi — Why does the West hate itself? — 2021 - **Citation:** Adekoya, Remi. "Why does the West hate itself?" Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/05/the-self-loathing-of-the-west/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/05/the-self-loathing-of-the-west/ - **Topics:** Western Civilization - **Citation status:** complete ### Adeniji, Ade D — Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics — 2021 - **Citation:** Adeniji, Ade D. "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/playing-devils-advocate-respectability-politics-opinion-1570270. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/playing-devils-advocate-respectability-politics-opinion-1570270 - **Topics:** Respectability politics - **Citation status:** complete ### Adeniji, Ade D — There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives — 2021 - **Citation:** Adeniji, Ade D. "There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives." CBS News, 2021, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-fives-basketball/. - **Publication:** CBS News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-fives-basketball/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi — 'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions — 2020 - **Citation:** Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions." The Guardian, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-authors-questions. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-authors-questions - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi — It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts — 2021 - **Citation:** Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts." Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, 2021, https://www.chimamanda.com/. - **Publication:** Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chimamanda.com/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Adrian Lyles — A Historic Race — 2024 - **Citation:** Adrian Lyles. "A Historic Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-historic-race. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-historic-race - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Adrian Lyles — American Police State — 2025 - **Citation:** Adrian Lyles. "American Police State." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-police-state. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-police-state - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — Studio B: Unscripted — 2019 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. "Studio B: Unscripted." 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZU7mumpY4U. - **Genre:** Web-based content: blogs, vlogs, organizations, resources, reports, social media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZU7mumpY4U - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — The Awokening — 2021 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. The Awokening. 2021. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — The importance of free speech — 2020 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. "The importance of free speech." Double Down News., 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWVemKJH1Gg. - **Publication:** Double Down News. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWVemKJH1Gg - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — The Problem with Cancel Culture — 2020 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. "The Problem with Cancel Culture." Double Down News, 2020, https://www.instagram.com/tv/B7ldpUBAqiR/. - **Publication:** Double Down News - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.instagram.com/tv/B7ldpUBAqiR/ - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) - **Citation status:** complete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — The problem with wokeness — 2019 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. "The problem with wokeness." All About Women 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sni7ghqHBJw. - **Publication:** All About Women 2019 - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sni7ghqHBJw - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Akanbi, Ayishat — Victimhood is a state of mind — 2020 - **Citation:** Akanbi, Ayishat. "Victimhood is a state of mind." Triggernometry, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuAd IAkOl4. - **Publication:** Triggernometry - **Genre:** Web-based content: blogs, vlogs, organizations, resources, reports, social media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuAd IAkOl4 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — ‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/diversity-training-doesnt-work-this-might/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/diversity-training-doesnt-work-this-might/ - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — ‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-culture-war-stuff-just-rots-the-brain. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-culture-war-stuff-just-rots-the-brain - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — ‘Viewpoint Diversity’ is About Much More than Politics — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘Viewpoint Diversity’ is About Much More than Politics." Heterodox: The Blog, 2019, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/viewpoint-diversity-transcends-politics/. - **Publication:** Heterodox: The Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/viewpoint-diversity-transcends-politics/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — ”Gender Differences Are A Thing. Let’s Talk About It — 2017 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "”Gender Differences Are A Thing. Let’s Talk About It." Huffington Post, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gender-differences-are-a-thing-lets-talk-about-it b 599ef7d6e4b0a62d0987ad6c. - **Publication:** Huffington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gender-differences-are-a-thing-lets-talk-about-it b 599ef7d6e4b0a62d0987ad6c - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — A Counter-Terrorism Approach To Trump — 2017 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "A Counter-Terrorism Approach To Trump." Huffington Post, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/a-counter-terrorism-approach-to-trump b 58f8c376e4b0b6ca13416190. - **Publication:** Huffington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.huffpost.com/entry/a-counter-terrorism-approach-to-trump b 58f8c376e4b0b6ca13416190 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — A Lack of Ideological Diversity is Killing Social Research — 2017 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "A Lack of Ideological Diversity is Killing Social Research." Times Higher Education, 2017, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/lack-of-ideological-diversity-is-killing-social-research. - **Publication:** Times Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/lack-of-ideological-diversity-is-killing-social-research - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Academic and Political Elitism — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Academic and Political Elitism." Inside Higher Ed., 2019, https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/08/27/academe-should-avoid-politicizing-educational-attainment-opinion. - **Publication:** Inside Higher Ed. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/08/27/academe-should-avoid-politicizing-educational-attainment-opinion - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — African Americans Seem to be Losing Faith in Organized Religion… and the Democratic Party — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "African Americans Seem to be Losing Faith in Organized Religion… and the Democratic Party." Interfaith America, 2021, https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/04/17/african-americans-faith-organized-religion-democratic-party/. - **Publication:** Interfaith America - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/04/17/african-americans-faith-organized-religion-democratic-party/ - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/10/04/reactionary-myopic-approaches-higher-ed-reform/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/10/04/reactionary-myopic-approaches-higher-ed-reform/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Are Democrats Actually Capable of Learning from 2020? — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Are Democrats Actually Capable of Learning from 2020?" Le Monde, 2021, https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/05/democrats-learn-2020-race/. - **Publication:** Le Monde - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/05/democrats-learn-2020-race/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Building on Nietzsche’s Prelude: Reforming Epistemology for the Philosophy of the Future, — 2013 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Building on Nietzsche’s Prelude: Reforming Epistemology for the Philosophy of the Future,." Universal Publishers, 2013, https://www.academia.edu/8106803/Building on Nietzsches Prelude Reforming Epistemology for the Philosophy of the Future. - **Publication:** Universal Publishers - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.academia.edu/8106803/Building on Nietzsches Prelude Reforming Epistemology for the Philosophy of the Future - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/04/19/comparing-perceived-freedom-of-expression-on-campus-v-off/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/04/19/comparing-perceived-freedom-of-expression-on-campus-v-off/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Data on how Ideological (Under)Representation Compares to (Under)Representation Along the Lines of Race, Gender or Sexuality — 2018 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Data on how Ideological (Under)Representation Compares to (Under)Representation Along the Lines of Race, Gender or Sexuality." Heterodox: The Blog, 2018, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/ideological-underrepresentation-compared-to-race-gender-sexuality/. - **Publication:** Heterodox: The Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/ideological-underrepresentation-compared-to-race-gender-sexuality/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Democrats are certain to lose seats in the midterms. But how many – and why? — 2022 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Democrats are certain to lose seats in the midterms. But how many – and why?" The Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/12/democrats-midterms-2024-republicans-joe-biden. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jul/12/democrats-midterms-2024-republicans-joe-biden - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space." Heterodox Academy, 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/difference-and-repetition-in-the-viewpoint-diversity-space/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/difference-and-repetition-in-the-viewpoint-diversity-space/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Discourses on Countering Violent Extremism: The Strategic Interplay Between Fear and Security After 9/11 — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Discourses on Countering Violent Extremism: The Strategic Interplay Between Fear and Security After 9/11." Critical Studies on Terrorism, 2019, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17539153.2018.1494793. - **Publication:** Critical Studies on Terrorism - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17539153.2018.1494793 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Disposable People — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Disposable People." The Baffler, 2020, https://thebaffler.com/latest/disposable-people-algharbi. - **Publication:** The Baffler - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thebaffler.com/latest/disposable-people-algharbi - **Topics:** Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/09/16/diversity-important-related-training-terrible/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/09/16/diversity-important-related-training-terrible/ - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Do You Know Your Enemy? The Role of Known Actors as Framing Devices in News Media — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Do You Know Your Enemy? The Role of Known Actors as Framing Devices in News Media." International Journal of Communication, 2020, https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/9954. - **Publication:** International Journal of Communication - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/9954 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — From Political Liberalism to Para-Liberalism: Epistemological Pluralism, Cognitive Liberalism & Authentic Choice — 2016 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "From Political Liberalism to Para-Liberalism: Epistemological Pluralism, Cognitive Liberalism & Authentic Choice." Comparative Philosophy, 2016, https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/comparativephilosophy/vol7/iss2/4/. - **Publication:** Comparative Philosophy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/comparativephilosophy/vol7/iss2/4/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most, — 2018 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most,." Times Higher Education, 2018, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/if-conservative-views-are-not-represented-social-research-leftists-will-suffer-most. - **Publication:** Times Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/if-conservative-views-are-not-represented-social-research-leftists-will-suffer-most - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — If Everyone Else Is the Problem, You Probably Aren’t Seeing Things Clearly: Why effective anti-racism demands reflexivity — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "If Everyone Else Is the Problem, You Probably Aren’t Seeing Things Clearly: Why effective anti-racism demands reflexivity." Public Seminar, 2020, https://publicseminar.org/essays/if-everyone-else-is-the-problem-you-probably-arent-seeing-things-clearly/. - **Publication:** Public Seminar - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://publicseminar.org/essays/if-everyone-else-is-the-problem-you-probably-arent-seeing-things-clearly/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Injustice in a World Without Villains? — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Injustice in a World Without Villains?" IFYC: Interfaith Youth Core, 2021, https://ifyc.org/article/injustice-world-without-villains. - **Publication:** IFYC: Interfaith Youth Core - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://ifyc.org/article/injustice-world-without-villains - **Topics:** Academia, Education & Schools, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — It's Disadvantaged Groups That Suffer Most when Free Speech is Curtailed on Campus — 2017 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "It's Disadvantaged Groups That Suffer Most when Free Speech is Curtailed on Campus." The Atlantic, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/free-speech-campus/532965/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/free-speech-campus/532965/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — It’s Time to Stop Patronizing White People — 2015 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "It’s Time to Stop Patronizing White People." Salon, 2015, https://musaalgharbi.com/2015/08/25/its-time-to-stop-patronizing-white-people/. - **Publication:** Salon - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2015/08/25/its-time-to-stop-patronizing-white-people/ - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — No, America is not on the brink of a civil war — 2022 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "No, America is not on the brink of a civil war." Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jan/27/no-america-is-not-on-the-cusp-of-a-civil-war. - **Publication:** Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jan/27/no-america-is-not-on-the-cusp-of-a-civil-war - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities." Interfaith America, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/12/15/great-awokening-racial-realities/. - **Publication:** Interfaith America - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/12/15/great-awokening-racial-realities/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — On the January 6 Capitol Riots and ‘Teaching to the Moment’ — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the January 6 Capitol Riots and ‘Teaching to the Moment’." Interfaith America, 2021, https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/09/january-6-riots-teaching-moment/. - **Publication:** Interfaith America - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/09/january-6-riots-teaching-moment/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — On the Philosophy of Conservatism — 2016 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the Philosophy of Conservatism." Philosophy Now, 2016, https://philosophynow.org/issues/113/On the Philosophy of Conservatism. - **Publication:** Philosophy Now - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://philosophynow.org/issues/113/On the Philosophy of Conservatism - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period. Socius, 2021. - **Publication:** Socius - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Race and the Race for the White House: On Social Research in the Age of Trump — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Race and the Race for the White House: On Social Research in the Age of Trump." The American Sociologist, 2020, https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/n8bkh. - **Publication:** The American Sociologist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/n8bkh - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism." Sociological Forum, 2019, https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/wd54z/. - **Publication:** Sociological Forum - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/wd54z/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth — 2021 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth." Science Fictions, 2021, https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/06/science-fictions-fraud-bias-negligence-hype/. - **Publication:** Science Fictions - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2021/01/06/science-fictions-fraud-bias-negligence-hype/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Students are Ideologically Diverse. Here’s How to Surface that Diversity — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Students are Ideologically Diverse. Here’s How to Surface that Diversity." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/02/06/surfacing-students-ideological-diversity/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/02/06/surfacing-students-ideological-diversity/ - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Syria, Contextualized: The Numbers Game — 2013 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Syria, Contextualized: The Numbers Game." Middle East Policy, 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264730753 Syria Contextualized The Numbers Game. - **Publication:** Middle East Policy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264730753 Syria Contextualized The Numbers Game - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — The Democratic Party Is Facing A Demographic Crisis — 2017 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Democratic Party Is Facing A Demographic Crisis." Huffington Post, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-democratic-party-is-facing-a-demographic-crisis b 58b6d16ce4b0658fc20f9c0c. - **Publication:** Huffington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-democratic-party-is-facing-a-demographic-crisis b 58b6d16ce4b0658fc20f9c0c - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — The Jury's Still Out on What Constitutes a Microaggression — 2018 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Jury's Still Out on What Constitutes a Microaggression." Microaggressions, Trigger Warnings & Safe Spaces, 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326972218 The Jury. - **Publication:** Microaggressions, Trigger Warnings & Safe Spaces - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326972218 The Jury - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — The Media Really Is Obsessed With Donald Trump — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Media Really Is Obsessed With Donald Trump." Columbia Journalism Review., 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/11/13/media-obsessed-trump/. - **Publication:** Columbia Journalism Review. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/11/13/media-obsessed-trump/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — The Sacred Project of American Sociology — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Sacred Project of American Sociology." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/07/sacred-project-american-sociology/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/07/sacred-project-american-sociology/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous." Musa al-Gharbi, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/29/traditional-family-weird-culture/. - **Publication:** Musa al-Gharbi - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/29/traditional-family-weird-culture/ - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Too Noxious for Tenure? — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Too Noxious for Tenure?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/too-noxious-for-tenure/. - **Publication:** The Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/too-noxious-for-tenure/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Trump is Doing Surprisingly Well with Minority Voters. It Might Not Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Trump is Doing Surprisingly Well with Minority Voters. It Might Not Matter." The Guardian, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/02/understanding-trump-success-minority-voters/. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/02/understanding-trump-success-minority-voters/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Trump Voters Have Been Misunderstood All Along (Including By Trump) — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Trump Voters Have Been Misunderstood All Along (Including By Trump)." NBC Think, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/08/06/trump-voters-misunderstood/. - **Publication:** NBC Think - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/08/06/trump-voters-misunderstood/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Trump’s Executive Order on Campus Speech is a Raw Deal for Conservatives — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Trump’s Executive Order on Campus Speech is a Raw Deal for Conservatives." Washington Post, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/03/05/trump-executive-order-campus-speech/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/03/05/trump-executive-order-campus-speech/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Use of ‘sexist’ and ‘racist’ in the New York Times increased over 400% since 2012. Why? — 2022 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Use of ‘sexist’ and ‘racist’ in the New York Times increased over 400% since 2012. Why?" Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/26/media-news-article-shift-discourse-language. - **Publication:** Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/26/media-news-article-shift-discourse-language - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — We Have Never Been Woke — 2024 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "We Have Never Been Woke." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-have-never-been-woke. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-have-never-been-woke - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — What the reactions to Clarence Thomas post-Roe reveal about white liberals — 2022 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "What the reactions to Clarence Thomas post-Roe reveal about white liberals." NBC News, 2022, https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/supreme-courts-roe-v-wade-opinion-sparks-racist-attacks-clarence-thoma-rcna36261. - **Publication:** NBC News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/supreme-courts-roe-v-wade-opinion-sparks-racist-attacks-clarence-thoma-rcna36261 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Whatever Happened to the Obama Coalition? — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Whatever Happened to the Obama Coalition?" The Nation, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/23/obama-coalition-trump-biden/. - **Publication:** The Nation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/23/obama-coalition-trump-biden/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Who defines what ‘racist’ means? — 2020 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Who defines what ‘racist’ means?" Context, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/15/definition-racist-actions-actors/. - **Publication:** Context - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/15/definition-racist-actions-actors/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans? — 2016 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans?" The American Conservative, 2016, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/why-arent-there-more-black-republicans/. - **Publication:** The American Conservative - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/why-arent-there-more-black-republicans/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — Why don’t some people want to get the vaccine? Here’s why — 2022 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why don’t some people want to get the vaccine? Here’s why." The Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/15/this-is-why-some-people-dont-want-to-get-the-covid-vaccine. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/15/this-is-why-some-people-dont-want-to-get-the-covid-vaccine - **Topics:** Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Citation status:** complete ### al-Gharbi, Musa — You Can’t Change the World From a ‘Safe Space.’ — 2019 - **Citation:** al-Gharbi, Musa. "You Can’t Change the World From a ‘Safe Space.’." Open Democracy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/02/03/cannot-change-world-without-engaging/. - **Publication:** Open Democracy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/02/03/cannot-change-world-without-engaging/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Alexander, Stephon — The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe — 2016 - **Citation:** Alexander, Stephon. The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe. Basic Books, 2016. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ali, Ayaan Hirsi — Biden’s most heartless betrayal: America cares more about pronouns than the fate of Afghan women — 2021 - **Citation:** Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Biden’s most heartless betrayal: America cares more about pronouns than the fate of Afghan women." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/bidens-most-heartless-betrayal/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/08/bidens-most-heartless-betrayal/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Ali, Ayaan Hirsi — Critical Race Theory’s new disguise — 2021 - **Citation:** Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Critical Race Theory’s new disguise." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/10/critical-race-theorys-new-disguise/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/10/critical-race-theorys-new-disguise/ - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Ali, Ayaan Hirsi — How influencers have legitimised anti-Semitism — 2021 - **Citation:** Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "How influencers have legitimised anti-Semitism." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/05/how-influencers-have-enabled-anti-semitism/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/05/how-influencers-have-enabled-anti-semitism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Ali, Ayaan Hirsi — Schools shouldn’t fly BLM flags — 2022 - **Citation:** Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Schools shouldn’t fly BLM flags." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/schools-shouldnt-fly-blm-flags/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/09/schools-shouldnt-fly-blm-flags/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Ali, Ayaan Hirsi — We deserve better than these weaklings — 2022 - **Citation:** Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "We deserve better than these weaklings." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/our-rulers-are-a-bunch-of-weaklings/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/02/our-rulers-are-a-bunch-of-weaklings/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — A More Resilient Union: How Federalism Can Protect Democracy From Pandemics, — 2020 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "A More Resilient Union: How Federalism Can Protect Democracy From Pandemics,." Foreign Policy, 2020, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-01/more-resilient-union. - **Publication:** Foreign Policy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-01/more-resilient-union - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation — 2019 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation." The Atlantic, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/12/danielle-allen-american-citizens-serfdom/600778/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/12/danielle-allen-american-citizens-serfdom/600778/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A. — 2017 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A. Liveright, 2017, https://danielleallen.scholars.harvard.edu/. - **Publication:** Liveright - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://danielleallen.scholars.harvard.edu/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Danielle Allen publications — n.d. - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "Danielle Allen publications." Harvard University, n.d., https://scholar.harvard.edu/danielleallen/publications. - **Publication:** Harvard University - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/danielleallen/publications - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Education and Equality — 2016 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Education and Equality. University of Chicago Press, 2016. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Education, Justice, and Democracy — 2013 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Education, Justice, and Democracy. University of Chicago Press, 2013. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in the Digital Age — 2015 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. From Voice to Influence: Understanding Citizenship in the Digital Age. University of Chicago Press, 2015. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — How Prince Hall Joined the Fight for Black Citizenship — 2021 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "How Prince Hall Joined the Fight for Black Citizenship." The Atlantic, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/prince-hall-forgotten-founder/617791/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/prince-hall-forgotten-founder/617791/ - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Our Declaration — 2014 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Our Declaration. A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality, 2014. - **Publication:** A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education — 2004 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education. University of Chicago Press, 2004. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — The Fundamental Challenge Facing Democracy — 2024 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "The Fundamental Challenge Facing Democracy." The Washington Post, 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/02/22/danielle-allen-constitutional-democracy-polarization/. - **Publication:** The Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/02/22/danielle-allen-constitutional-democracy-polarization/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — The Origins of Political Philosophy, — 2011 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "The Origins of Political Philosophy,." The Oxford Handbook of the History of Political Philosophy, 2011. - **Publication:** The Oxford Handbook of the History of Political Philosophy - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — We seek reforms to policing. But something even deeper needs repair — 2020 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "We seek reforms to policing. But something even deeper needs repair." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/11/we-seek-reforms-policing-something-even-deeper-needs-repair/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/11/we-seek-reforms-policing-something-even-deeper-needs-repair/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts — 2022 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/learned-ran-for-governor-massachusetts-supermajority-ballot-initiatives-agreement-political-parties-11651848469. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/learned-ran-for-governor-massachusetts-supermajority-ballot-initiatives-agreement-political-parties-11651848469 - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — Why Plato Wrote — 2010 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. Why Plato Wrote. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. - **Publication:** Wiley-Blackwell - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle — World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens — 2002 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle. World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens. Princeton University Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Danielle, Stephen B. Heintz, and Eric Liu — Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century — 2020 - **Citation:** Allen, Danielle, Stephen B. Heintz, and Eric Liu. "Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century." American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2020, https://www.amacad.org/ourcommonpurpose/report. - **Publication:** American Academy of Arts & Sciences - **Genre:** report - **URL:** https://www.amacad.org/ourcommonpurpose/report - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis — 1970 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis. Gollancz, 1970. - **Publication:** Gollancz - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History — 1969 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History. DoubleDay, 1969. - **Publication:** DoubleDay - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology — 1995 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology. Ballantine, 1995. - **Publication:** Ballantine - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — Honoring Sergeant Carter: A Family's Journey to Uncover the Truth About an American Hero — 2003 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. Honoring Sergeant Carter: A Family's Journey to Uncover the Truth About an American Hero. HarperCollins, 2003. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements — 1974 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements. Howard University Press, 1974. - **Publication:** Howard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist — 2001 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield Publishers - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Allen, Robert Lee — The Port Chicago Mutiny: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History — 1993 - **Citation:** Allen, Robert Lee. The Port Chicago Mutiny: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History. Heyday Books, 1993. - **Publication:** Heyday Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Amiel Handelsman and Greg Thomas — Reimagining American Identity — 2022 - **Citation:** Amiel Handelsman and Greg Thomas. "Reimagining American Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Amir Zaki — Being Without Race — 2023 - **Citation:** Amir Zaki. "Being Without Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/being-without-race. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/being-without-race - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Amri B. Johnson — How to Foster True Inclusion — 2025 - **Citation:** Amri B. Johnson. "How to Foster True Inclusion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-foster-true-inclusion. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-foster-true-inclusion - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Amy Cools — The Free-Thinker: James McCune Smith, M.D. (1813-1865) — 2023 - **Citation:** Amy Cools. "The Free-Thinker: James McCune Smith, M.D. (1813-1865)." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-free-thinker-james-mccune-smith. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-free-thinker-james-mccune-smith - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Anderson, Brian C., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — Telling the Truth About America — 2024 - **Citation:** Anderson, Brian C., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Telling the Truth About America." City Journal, 2024, https://www.city-journal.org/multimedia/telling-the-truth-about-america. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/multimedia/telling-the-truth-about-america - **Citation status:** complete ### Anderson, Elijah — Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City — 2000 - **Citation:** Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. - **Publication:** W. W. Norton & Company - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Anderson, Elijah — The Code of the Streets — 1994 - **Citation:** Anderson, Elijah. "The Code of the Streets." The Atlantic, 1994, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/05/the-code-of-the-streets/306601/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/05/the-code-of-the-streets/306601/ - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience — 2005 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature, Black America, state of, Black intellectual history, Western Civilization - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Another Death in Venice — 1995 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Another Death in Venice. London: Constable, 1995. - **Publication:** London: Constable - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Avenging Angel — 1991 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Avenging Angel. New York: St, 1991, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St. Martin%27s Press. - **Publication:** New York: St - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St. Martin%27s Press - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Beyond Race: Fallacies of Reactive Afrocentrism, — 1994 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Beyond Race: Fallacies of Reactive Afrocentrism,." The Skeptic, 1994. - **Publication:** The Skeptic - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Bu Me Bε: The Proverbs of the Akan — 2008 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Bu Me Bε: The Proverbs of the Akan. Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2008. - **Publication:** Ayebia Clarke Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Can we choose our own identity?, — 2018 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Can we choose our own identity?,." The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/aug/31/who-owns-your-identity-kwame-anthony-appiah. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/aug/31/who-owns-your-identity-kwame-anthony-appiah - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race — 1996 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race. Princeton University Press, 1996. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers — 2006 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. - **Publication:** W.W. Norton & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect, — 2018 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect,." The Wire, 2018, https://thewire.in/books/cultural-borrowing-kwame-anthony-appiahbook-extract-lies-that-bind. - **Publication:** The Wire - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thewire.in/books/cultural-borrowing-kwame-anthony-appiahbook-extract-lies-that-bind - **Topics:** Cultural Appropriation - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself: Not every opinion needs to be underwritten by your race or gender or other social identity — 2018 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Go Ahead, Speak for Yourself: Not every opinion needs to be underwritten by your race or gender or other social identity." New York Times, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/opinion/sunday/speak-for-yourself.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/opinion/sunday/speak-for-yourself.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture — 1992 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992. - **Publication:** New York, NY: Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Kwame Anthony Appiah Curriculum Vitae — n.d. - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Kwame Anthony Appiah Curriculum Vitae." Kwame Anthony Appiah, n.d., http://appiah.net/biography/curriculumvitae/. - **Publication:** Kwame Anthony Appiah - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://appiah.net/biography/curriculumvitae/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity — 2014 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity. Harvard University Press, 2014. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Nobody Likes Letitia — 1994 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Nobody Likes Letitia. London: Constable, 1994. - **Publication:** London: Constable - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — On the Very Idea of Religion: The 2017 Terry Lectures — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. On the Very Idea of Religion: The 2017 Terry Lectures. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Poems of Three Generations — 1977 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Poems of Three Generations. Kumasi: Peggy Appiah, 1977. - **Publication:** Kumasi: Peggy Appiah - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Race, pluralism, and Afrocentricity, — 1998 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Race, pluralism, and Afrocentricity,." The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998. - **Publication:** The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — The case for contamination — 2006 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "The case for contamination." NYTimes, 2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/01/magazine/the-case-for-contamination.html. - **Publication:** NYTimes - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/01/magazine/the-case-for-contamination.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — The Ethics of Identity — 2005 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Ethics of Identity. Princeton University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — The False Divide Between Locals and Citizens of the World, — 2019 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "The False Divide Between Locals and Citizens of the World,." Wall Street Journal, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-false-divide-between-locals-and-citizens-of-the-world-11570119813. - **Publication:** Wall Street Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-false-divide-between-locals-and-citizens-of-the-world-11570119813 - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity — 2018 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2018. - **Publication:** New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race, — 1985 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "The uncompleted argument: Du Bois and the illusion of race,." Critical Inquiry, 1985. - **Publication:** Critical Inquiry - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — There is no such thing as western civilisation, — 2016 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "There is no such thing as western civilisation,." The Guardian, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/09/western-civilisation-appiah-reith-lecture. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/09/western-civilisation-appiah-reith-lecture - **Topics:** Western Civilization - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — What does it mean to ‘look like me’? — 2019 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "What does it mean to ‘look like me’?" New York Times, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/21/opinion/sunday/minorities-representation-culture.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/21/opinion/sunday/minorities-representation-culture.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Appiah, Kwame Anthony — Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'? — 2020 - **Citation:** Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" The Guardian, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/14/lived-experience-kamala-harris. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/14/lived-experience-kamala-harris - **Topics:** Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — ‘Systemic Racism’ Is Not What Ails Black America — 2020 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. "‘Systemic Racism’ Is Not What Ails Black America." National Review, 2020, https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/06/black-americans-and-systemic-racism/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/06/black-americans-and-systemic-racism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — An Israeli Academic’s Case for Liberal Nationalism — 2019 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. "An Israeli Academic’s Case for Liberal Nationalism." National Review, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/06/24/an-israeli-academics-case-for-liberal-nationalism/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/06/24/an-israeli-academics-case-for-liberal-nationalism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — Color Blindness Should Be the Norm — 2020 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. "Color Blindness Should Be the Norm." National Review, 2020, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2020/07/27/color-blindness-should-be-the-norm/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2020/07/27/color-blindness-should-be-the-norm/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — Politics in Socrates' Alcibiades: A Philosophical Account of Plato's Dialogue Alcibiades Major — 2015 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. Politics in Socrates' Alcibiades: A Philosophical Account of Plato's Dialogue Alcibiades Major. Springer, 2015. - **Publication:** Springer - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — Socratic Conservatism, Socratic Questions: The Right Turn in Plato's Political Dialogues — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. Socratic Conservatism, Socratic Questions: The Right Turn in Plato's Political Dialogues. Catholic University of America Press, Forthcoming. - **Publication:** Catholic University of America Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — The Power of Bourgeois Norms — 2019 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. "The Power of Bourgeois Norms." National Review, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/11/25/the-power-of-bourgeois-norms/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/11/25/the-power-of-bourgeois-norms/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Archie, Andre — What Makes the Classics Worth Studying — 2021 - **Citation:** Archie, Andre. "What Makes the Classics Worth Studying." National Review, 2021, https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/02/what-makes-the-classics-worth-studying/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/02/what-makes-the-classics-worth-studying/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Ards, Angela — Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth — 2021 - **Citation:** Ards, Angela. "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth." Texas Monthly., 2021, https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/annette-gordon-reed-on-juneteenth-review/. - **Publication:** Texas Monthly. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/annette-gordon-reed-on-juneteenth-review/ - **Topics:** Juneteenth - **Citation status:** complete ### Arnoldo Cantú — Plato’s Cave and Antiracism Discourse — 2026 - **Citation:** Arnoldo Cantú. "Plato’s Cave and Antiracism Discourse." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/platos-cave-and-antiracism-discourse. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/platos-cave-and-antiracism-discourse - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Aryeh Tepper — Albert Murray's Conversation Partners, Ancient and Modern — 2026 - **Citation:** Aryeh Tepper. "Albert Murray's Conversation Partners, Ancient and Modern." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murrays-conversation-partners-ancient-and-modern/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murrays-conversation-partners-ancient-and-modern/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Aryeh Tepper — Introduction to Volume I — 2026 - **Citation:** Aryeh Tepper. "Introduction to Volume I." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/introduction/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/introduction/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Aryeh Tepper — Introduction to Volume II — 2026 - **Citation:** Aryeh Tepper. "Introduction to Volume II." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/introduction-2/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/introduction-2/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Aryeh Tepper and Dan Asia — Introduction to "The Omni-American Review" — 2024 - **Citation:** Aryeh Tepper and Dan Asia. "Introduction to "The Omni-American Review"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/introduction-to-the-omni-american. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/introduction-to-the-omni-american - **Topics:** Art & literature, Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Aryeh Tepper and Greg Thomas — American Excellence — 2025 - **Citation:** Aryeh Tepper and Greg Thomas. "American Excellence." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-excellence. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-excellence - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Ashley — Charlie Kirk's Murder Was a Glimpse of Satan — 2025 - **Citation:** Ashley. "Charlie Kirk's Murder Was a Glimpse of Satan." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-murder-was-a-glimpse. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-murder-was-a-glimpse - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Badenoch, Kemi — Putting history in the dock is not the answer — 2022 - **Citation:** Badenoch, Kemi. "Putting history in the dock is not the answer." Daily Mail, 2022, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10621491/Putting-history-dock-not-answer-writes-KEMI-BADENOCH.html. - **Publication:** Daily Mail - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10621491/Putting-history-dock-not-answer-writes-KEMI-BADENOCH.html - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Badenoch, Kemi — Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory — 2020 - **Citation:** Badenoch, Kemi. "Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory." UK Parliament, 2020, https://youtu.be/3vf7yX9ESRc. - **Publication:** UK Parliament - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://youtu.be/3vf7yX9ESRc - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Another Country — 1962 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Another Country. 1962. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Giovanni's Room — 1956 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Giovanni's Room. 1956. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Go Tell It on the Mountain — 1953 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Go Tell It on the Mountain. Knopf, 1953. - **Publication:** Knopf - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Going to Meet the Man — 1965 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Going to Meet the Man. 1965. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — If Beale Street Could Talk — 1974 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. If Beale Street Could Talk. 1974. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Just Above My Head — 1979 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Just Above My Head. 1979. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Letter from a Region in My Mind — 1962 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. "Letter from a Region in My Mind." The New Yorker., 1962, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1962/11/17/letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind. - **Publication:** The New Yorker. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1962/11/17/letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — No Name in the Street — 1972 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. No Name in the Street. 1972. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son — 1961 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son. 1961. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Notes of a Native Son — 1955 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone — 1968 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone. 1968. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings — 2010 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings. Pantheon, 2010. - **Publication:** Pantheon - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — The Devil Finds Work — 1976 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. The Devil Finds Work. 1976. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — The Evidence of Things Not Seen — 1985 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. The Evidence of Things Not Seen. 1985. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — The Fire Next Time — 1962 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. The Fire Next Time. 1962. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — The Price of the Ticket — 1985 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. The Price of the Ticket. 1985. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Baldwin, James — Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare — 1964 - **Citation:** Baldwin, James. "Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare." The Cross of Redemption, 1964, https://www.folger.edu/sites/default/files/Why%20I%20Stopped%20Hating%20Shakespeare JamesBaldwin.pdf. - **Publication:** The Cross of Redemption - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.folger.edu/sites/default/files/Why%20I%20Stopped%20Hating%20Shakespeare JamesBaldwin.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Banks , Ralph Richard — An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage — 2011 - **Citation:** Banks , Ralph Richard. "An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage." WSJ, 2011, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903454504576486492588283556. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903454504576486492588283556 - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Banks , Ralph Richard — Crime-Abortion Link Isn’t a Racist Attack — 1999 - **Citation:** Banks , Ralph Richard. "Crime-Abortion Link Isn’t a Racist Attack." LA Times, 1999, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-aug-23-me-2877-story.html. - **Publication:** LA Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-aug-23-me-2877-story.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Banks , Ralph Richard — Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone — 2011 - **Citation:** Banks , Ralph Richard. Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone. New York: Dutton, 2011. - **Publication:** New York: Dutton - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Banks , Ralph Richard — Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve — 2011 - **Citation:** Banks , Ralph Richard. "Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve." New York Times, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/03/marriage-the-next-chapter/marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/03/marriage-the-next-chapter/marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Barrington Martin II — Stop Voting Out of Misplaced Loyalty — 2022 - **Citation:** Barrington Martin II. "Stop Voting Out of Misplaced Loyalty." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/stop-voting-out-of-misplaced-loyalty. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/stop-voting-out-of-misplaced-loyalty - **Topics:** Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Baucham, Voddie T., Jr — Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe — 2021 - **Citation:** Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe. Salem Books, 2021. - **Publication:** Salem Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. — Voddie Baucham official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. "Voddie Baucham official website." Voddie Baucham Ministries, n.d., http://www.voddiebaucham.org. - **Publication:** Voddie Baucham Ministries - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://www.voddiebaucham.org - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Big Bank Take Little Bank — 1991 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Big Bank Take Little Bank. Nuyorican Poets Cafe Press, 1991. - **Publication:** Nuyorican Poets Cafe Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Black Humor — 2006 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). "Black Humor." New York Times, 2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/books/review/black-humor.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/books/review/black-humor.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor — 2006 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor. Bloomsbury, 2006. - **Publication:** Bloomsbury - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Humor - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Joker, Joker, Deuce — 1994 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Joker, Joker, Deuce. Penguin, 1994. - **Publication:** Penguin - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Slumberland — 2008 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Slumberland. Bloomsbury, 2008. - **Publication:** Bloomsbury - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — The Sellout — 2015 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). The Sellout. Farrar Straus Giroux, 2015. - **Publication:** Farrar Straus Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — The White Boy Shuffle — 1996 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). The White Boy Shuffle. Picador, 1996. - **Publication:** Picador - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) — Tuff — 2000 - **Citation:** Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Tuff. Alfred A, 2000. - **Publication:** Alfred A - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ben Peterson — Not by Bread Alone — 2024 - **Citation:** Ben Peterson. "Not by Bread Alone." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/not-by-bread-alone. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/not-by-bread-alone - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962 — 1962 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962. Penguin Books, 1962. - **Publication:** Penguin Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877 — 1967 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877. 1967. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Confrontation: Black and White — 1965 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Confrontation: Black and White. 1965. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream — 2000 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream. Johnson Publishing Company, Inc, 2000. - **Publication:** Johnson Publishing Company, Inc - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Pioneers In Protest: Black Power U.S.A — 1968 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Pioneers In Protest: Black Power U.S.A. 1968. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — The Challenge of Blackness — 1972 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. The Challenge of Blackness. 1972. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — The Road Not Taken — 1970 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "The Road Not Taken." Ebony, 1970, https://multiracialunity.org/2016/05/22/the-road-not-taken-by-lerone-bennett/. - **Publication:** Ebony - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://multiracialunity.org/2016/05/22/the-road-not-taken-by-lerone-bennett/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — The Shaping of Black America — 1975 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. The Shaping of Black America. 1975. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Thomas Jefferson's Negro Grandchildren — 1954 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Thomas Jefferson's Negro Grandchildren." Ebony, 1954. - **Publication:** Ebony - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History — 1979 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History. 1979. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist? — 1968 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Was Abraham Lincoln a White Supremacist? Ebony, 1968. - **Publication:** Ebony - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Bennett, Lerone, Jr — What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. — 1964 - **Citation:** Bennett, Lerone, Jr. What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. 1964. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury — Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency — 1994 - **Citation:** Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency." The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 61, no. 4, 1994, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297915. - **Publication:** The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 61, no. 4 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297915 - **Citation status:** complete ### Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury — The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations — 1993 - **Citation:** Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations." The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 4, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117579. - **Publication:** The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 4 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117579 - **Citation status:** complete ### Betts, Reginald Dwayne — A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison — 2009 - **Citation:** Betts, Reginald Dwayne. A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison. Avery, 2009. - **Publication:** Avery - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Betts, Reginald Dwayne — Bastards of the Reagan Era — 2013 - **Citation:** Betts, Reginald Dwayne. Bastards of the Reagan Era. Four Way Books, 2013. - **Publication:** Four Way Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Betts, Reginald Dwayne — Felon: Poems — 2019 - **Citation:** Betts, Reginald Dwayne. Felon: Poems. W. W. Norton & Company, 2019. - **Publication:** W. W. Norton & Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Betts, Reginald Dwayne — Have We Reached the Limits of White Male Introspection? — 2022 - **Citation:** Betts, Reginald Dwayne. "Have We Reached the Limits of White Male Introspection?" The New York Times, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/magazine/black-thought-black-no-more.html. - **Publication:** The New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/magazine/black-thought-black-no-more.html - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Betts, Reginald Dwayne — Shahid Reads His Own Palm — 2010 - **Citation:** Betts, Reginald Dwayne. Shahid Reads His Own Palm. Alice James Books, 2010. - **Publication:** Alice James Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Biden, Joseph R., Jr — A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024 — 2024 - **Citation:** Biden, Joseph R., Jr. "A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024." The White House, 2024, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/01/12/a-proclamation-on-martin-luther-king-jr-federal-holiday-2024/. - **Publication:** The White House - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/01/12/a-proclamation-on-martin-luther-king-jr-federal-holiday-2024/ - **Citation status:** complete ### bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah — How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory? — 2020 - **Citation:** bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah. "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" Lamppost, 2020, https://lamppostedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/how-Islamic critical race theory.pdf. - **Publication:** Lamppost - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lamppostedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/how-Islamic critical race theory.pdf - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — A Fresh Look at Racial Injustice — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "A Fresh Look at Racial Injustice." QuincyLSB, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/everyday-you-are-being-manipulated-f27e69a10a90. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/everyday-you-are-being-manipulated-f27e69a10a90 - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — I Know What I Can Do — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "I Know What I Can Do." QuincyLSB, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/i-know-what-i-can-do/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/i-know-what-i-can-do/ - **Topics:** Whiteness, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — Life As a Double Minority — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "Life As a Double Minority." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/life-as-a-double-minority-f7d8f5282464. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/life-as-a-double-minority-f7d8f5282464 - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — My idea of an ally — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "My idea of an ally." QuincyLSB.com, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/my-idea-of-an-ally/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB.com - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/my-idea-of-an-ally/ - **Topics:** Allyship - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — Quincy Bingham author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "Quincy Bingham author page." QuincyLSB, n.d., https://quincylsb.com/blog/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/blog/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — Thoughts on George Floyd — 2020 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "Thoughts on George Floyd." QuincyLSB, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/thoughts-on-george-floyd/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/thoughts-on-george-floyd/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Bingham, Quincy — What the Solar Republic Means to Me — 2016 - **Citation:** Bingham, Quincy. "What the Solar Republic Means to Me." QuincyLSB, 2016, https://quincylsb.com/what-the-solar-republic-means-to-me/. - **Publication:** QuincyLSB - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quincylsb.com/what-the-solar-republic-means-to-me/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Bion Bartning — Choosing Hope Over Dehumanization — 2024 - **Citation:** Bion Bartning. "Choosing Hope Over Dehumanization." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/choosing-hope-over-dehumanization. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/choosing-hope-over-dehumanization - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way — 2019 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way. John Catt Educational, Ltd, 2019. - **Publication:** John Catt Educational, Ltd - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — Michaela: The Power of Culture — 2020 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. Michaela: The Power of Culture. John Catt Educational, Ltd, 2020. - **Publication:** John Catt Educational, Ltd - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. "Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/minority-women-can-think-for-themselves/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/06/minority-women-can-think-for-themselves/ - **Topics:** Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — Singleholic — 2009 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. Singleholic. Hansib Publications, 2009. - **Publication:** Hansib Publications - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — The trouble with the American police — 2021 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. "The trouble with the American police." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/04/the-trouble-with-american-police/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/04/the-trouble-with-american-police/ - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — To Miss with Love — 2011 - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. To Miss with Love. Penguin, 2011. - **Publication:** Penguin - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Birbalsingh, Katharine — To Miss with Love — n.d. - **Citation:** Birbalsingh, Katharine. "To Miss with Love." To Miss with Love, n.d., https://tomisswithloveblog.wordpress.com/. - **Publication:** To Miss with Love - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://tomisswithloveblog.wordpress.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Black Classics Press — Black Classics Press official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Black Classics Press. "Black Classics Press official website." Black Classics Press, n.d., http://www.blackclassicbooks.com/. - **Publication:** Black Classics Press - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://www.blackclassicbooks.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California) — Statement Announcing Break with BLM Global Network — 2021 - **Citation:** Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California). "Statement Announcing Break with BLM Global Network." Left Out Magazine, 2021, https://leftoutmag.com/2021/02/04/breaking/. - **Publication:** Left Out Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://leftoutmag.com/2021/02/04/breaking/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Black, Harold A — Most millennials haven’t got a clue what socialism is — 2019 - **Citation:** Black, Harold A. "Most millennials haven’t got a clue what socialism is." Knox News, 2019, https://www.knoxnews.com/story/money/columnists/harold-black/2019/10/31/harold-a-black-most-milliennials-havent-clue-what-socialism/2502817001/. - **Publication:** Knox News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.knoxnews.com/story/money/columnists/harold-black/2019/10/31/harold-a-black-most-milliennials-havent-clue-what-socialism/2502817001/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Black, Harold A — The Cult of Victimhood — 2020 - **Citation:** Black, Harold A. "The Cult of Victimhood." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/the-cult-of-victimhood/. - **Publication:** 1776 Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/the-cult-of-victimhood/ - **Topics:** Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020) — Some properties of Markoff chains — 1941 - **Citation:** Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020). Some properties of Markoff chains. Dissertation, 1941. - **Publication:** Dissertation - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020) — Theory of games and statistical decisions — 1954 - **Citation:** Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020). Theory of games and statistical decisions. New York: Wiley, 1954. - **Publication:** New York: Wiley - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Blain, Charles — Reform, Not Defunding — 2020 - **Citation:** Blain, Charles. "Reform, Not Defunding." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-would-harm-minority-communities. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-would-harm-minority-communities - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Blain, Charles — The Virus’s Uneven Path — 2020 - **Citation:** Blain, Charles. "The Virus’s Uneven Path." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/working-class-economic-stress. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/working-class-economic-stress - **Citation status:** complete ### Blain, Keisha N — New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition — 2018 - **Citation:** Blain, Keisha N. "New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition." Northwestern University Press, 2018, https://nupress.northwestern.edu/9780810138124/new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition/. - **Publication:** Northwestern University Press - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nupress.northwestern.edu/9780810138124/new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition/ - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Bland, Gesha-Marie — How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist — 2022 - **Citation:** Bland, Gesha-Marie. "How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Bland, Gesha-Marie — I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One — 2021 - **Citation:** Bland, Gesha-Marie. "I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One." Medium, 2021, https://gmgeiko.medium.com/im-not-a-blm-supporter-but-i-dated-one-8aa9b6db05a. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://gmgeiko.medium.com/im-not-a-blm-supporter-but-i-dated-one-8aa9b6db05a - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Bland, Gesha-Marie — Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl — 2021 - **Citation:** Bland, Gesha-Marie. "Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl." Medium, 2021, https://gmgeiko.medium.com/just-not-an-identity-politics-kinda-girl-b1d4b68bf9d3. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://gmgeiko.medium.com/just-not-an-identity-politics-kinda-girl-b1d4b68bf9d3 - **Citation status:** complete ### Bobo, Lawrence, D — A change has come: Race, politics, and the path to the Obama presidency, — 2009 - **Citation:** Bobo, Lawrence, D. A change has come: Race, politics, and the path to the Obama presidency,. Du Bois Review, 2009. - **Publication:** Du Bois Review - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Bobo, Lawrence, D — et al. — 1997 - **Citation:** Bobo, Lawrence, D. et al. Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations, 1997. - **Publication:** Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bobo, Lawrence, D — Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century, — 2001 - **Citation:** Bobo, Lawrence, D. "Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century,." America becoming: Racial trends and their consequences, 2001. - **Publication:** America becoming: Racial trends and their consequences - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Bobo, Lawrence, D — The Real Record on Racial Attitudes, — 2012 - **Citation:** Bobo, Lawrence, D. The Real Record on Racial Attitudes,. Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972. - **Publication:** Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972 - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Bowen, William G., and Derek Bok — The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions — 1998 - **Citation:** Bowen, William G., and Derek Bok. The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions. Princeton University Press, 1998. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bowles, Samuel, Glenn C. Loury, and Rajiv Sethi — Group Inequality — 2014 - **Citation:** Bowles, Samuel, Glenn C. Loury, and Rajiv Sethi. "Group Inequality." Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014, https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jeurec/v12y2014i1p129-152.html. - **Publication:** Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 12, no. 1 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jeurec/v12y2014i1p129-152.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Boyce, Benjamin A., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly — 2024 - **Citation:** Boyce, Benjamin A., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly." Benjamin A. Boyce YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKIk89xzW-M. - **Publication:** Benjamin A. Boyce YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKIk89xzW-M - **Citation status:** complete ### Boyd, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly — What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate With Dr. Wilfred Reilly — 2021 - **Citation:** Boyd, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly. "What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate With Dr. Wilfred Reilly." Minority of One with Charles Boyd, 2021, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/what-thomas-sowell-got-wrong-about-slavery-and/id1296038295?i=1000537388872. - **Publication:** Minority of One with Charles Boyd - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/what-thomas-sowell-got-wrong-about-slavery-and/id1296038295?i=1000537388872 - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions — 2013 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions. P&R Publishing, 2013. - **Publication:** P&R Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development — 2011 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development. Wipf & Stock, 2011. - **Publication:** Wipf & Stock - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black America, state of - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy — 2015 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy. Pickwick Publications, 2015. - **Publication:** Pickwick Publications - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society — 2018 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society. Cambridge University Press, 2018. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World — 2019 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World. Resource Publications, 2019. - **Publication:** Resource Publications - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Glory Road: The Journeys of 10 African-Americans into Reformed Christianity — 2009 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Glory Road: The Journeys of 10 African-Americans into Reformed Christianity. Crossway, 2009. - **Publication:** Crossway - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — John Rawls and Christian Social Engagement: Justice as Unfairness — 2014 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. John Rawls and Christian Social Engagement: Justice as Unfairness. Lexington Books, 2014. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Keep Your Head Up: America's New Black Christian Leaders, Social Consciousness, and the Cosby Conversation — 2012 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Keep Your Head Up: America's New Black Christian Leaders, Social Consciousness, and the Cosby Conversation. Crossway, 2012. - **Publication:** Crossway - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America — 2010 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America. Crossway, 2010. - **Publication:** Crossway - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Something Seems Strange: Critical Essays on Christianity, Public Policy, and Contemporary Culture — 2016 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Something Seems Strange: Critical Essays on Christianity, Public Policy, and Contemporary Culture. Wipf & Stock, 2016. - **Publication:** Wipf & Stock - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience — 2012 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience. Peter Lang, 2012. - **Publication:** Peter Lang - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — The Third Blow — 2025 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. "The Third Blow." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-third-blow. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-third-blow - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Labor - **Citation status:** complete ### Bradley, Anthony B — Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century — 2020 - **Citation:** Bradley, Anthony B. Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century. Cascade Publishing, 2020. - **Publication:** Cascade Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black America, state of, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Braver Angels — The nation’s largest citizens’ movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America - **Citation:** Braver Angels. "The nation’s largest citizens’ movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America." Braver Angels, https://braverangels.org/. - **Publication:** Braver Angels - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://braverangels.org/ - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Brett Byll — Understanding Protest in 2020 — 2022 - **Citation:** Brett Byll. "Understanding Protest in 2020." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/understanding-protest-in-2020. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/understanding-protest-in-2020 - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Citation status:** complete ### Brooke, Africa — Why I’m Leaving the Cult of Wokeness — 2019 - **Citation:** Brooke, Africa. "Why I’m Leaving the Cult of Wokeness." Africa Brooke, 2019, https://ckarchive.com/b/d0ueh0h67mpd. - **Publication:** Africa Brooke - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://ckarchive.com/b/d0ueh0h67mpd - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Brooks, Corey — America Works. DEI Doesn't — 2023 - **Citation:** Brooks, Corey. "America Works. DEI Doesn't." Tablet, 2023, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/america-works-dei-doesnt. - **Publication:** Tablet - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/america-works-dei-doesnt - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Cecil — How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day — 2020 - **Citation:** Brown, Cecil. "How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/how-the-enslaved-came-to-celebrate-independence-day/. - **Publication:** The Common Reader - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/how-the-enslaved-came-to-celebrate-independence-day/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Cecil — The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger — 1969 - **Citation:** Brown, Cecil. The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969. - **Publication:** Farrar, Straus and Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Cecil — What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared — 2020 - **Citation:** Brown, Cecil. "What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/what-common-and-enslaved-poet-george-moses-horton-shared/. - **Publication:** The Common Reader - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/what-common-and-enslaved-poet-george-moses-horton-shared/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Cecil — With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table — 2019 - **Citation:** Brown, Cecil. "With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table." The Common Reader, 2019, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/with-james-baldwin-at-the-welcome-table/. - **Publication:** The Common Reader - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/with-james-baldwin-at-the-welcome-table/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Claude — Children of Ham — 1976 - **Citation:** Brown, Claude. Children of Ham. Stein and Day, 1976. - **Publication:** Stein and Day - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Claude — Manchild in the Promised Land — 1965 - **Citation:** Brown, Claude. Manchild in the Promised Land. Macmillan & Co, 1965. - **Publication:** Macmillan & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Brown, Lee — Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist — 2001 - **Citation:** Brown, Lee. Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield Publishers - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Brunson, Rod K — Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly — 2020 - **Citation:** Brunson, Rod K. "Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/underpolicing-cities-violent-crime/2020/06/12/b5d1fd26-ac0c-11ea-9063-e69bd6520940 story.html. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/underpolicing-cities-violent-crime/2020/06/12/b5d1fd26-ac0c-11ea-9063-e69bd6520940 story.html - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Bunche, Ralph — A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership — 2005 - **Citation:** Bunche, Ralph. A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership. New York University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** New York University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bunche, Ralph — A World View of Race — 1936 - **Citation:** Bunche, Ralph. A World View of Race. Washington, D, 1936, https://books.google.com/?id=WRlGvwEACAAJ. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://books.google.com/?id=WRlGvwEACAAJ - **Citation status:** complete ### Bunche, Ralph — An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938 — 1992 - **Citation:** Bunche, Ralph. An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1992. - **Publication:** Athens: Ohio University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Bunche, Ralph — An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy — 1944 - **Citation:** Bunche, Ralph. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. Harper & Brothers, 1944. - **Publication:** Harper & Brothers - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black America, state of - **Citation status:** complete ### Bunche, Ralph — Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings — 1995 - **Citation:** Bunche, Ralph. Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995, https://books.google.com/?id=YbEE659doD8C. - **Publication:** Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://books.google.com/?id=YbEE659doD8C - **Citation status:** complete ### Burden-Stelly, Charisse — Caste Does Not Explain Race — 2020 - **Citation:** Burden-Stelly, Charisse. "Caste Does Not Explain Race." Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, 2020, http://bostonreview.net/race/charisse-burden-stelly-caste-does-not-explain-race. - **Publication:** Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://bostonreview.net/race/charisse-burden-stelly-caste-does-not-explain-race - **Citation status:** complete ### Butler, John Sibley — Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century — 2020 - **Citation:** Butler, John Sibley. "Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century/. - **Publication:** 1776 Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Bynum, Tara — Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures — 2023 - **Citation:** Bynum, Tara. "Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures." Commonplace, 2023, https://commonplace.online/article/phillis-wheatleys-pleasures/. - **Publication:** Commonplace - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://commonplace.online/article/phillis-wheatleys-pleasures/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Campaign Zero — Police Scorecard — n.d. - **Citation:** Campaign Zero. "Police Scorecard." Police Scorecard, n.d., https://policescorecard.org/. - **Publication:** Police Scorecard - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://policescorecard.org/ - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Campbell, Sean — Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House — 2022 - **Citation:** Campbell, Sean. "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House." New York Magazine, 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/black-lives-matter-6-million-dollar-house.html. - **Publication:** New York Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/black-lives-matter-6-million-dollar-house.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Campbell, Sean — The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go? — 2022 - **Citation:** Campbell, Sean. "The BLM Mystery: Where did the money go?" New York Mag., 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/01/black-lives-matter-finances.html. - **Publication:** New York Mag. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/01/black-lives-matter-finances.html - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Capitein, Jacobus Elisa Johannes — The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717-1747 — 2001 - **Citation:** Capitein, Jacobus Elisa Johannes. The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717-1747. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener, 2001. - **Publication:** Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Carlton, Dennis W., and Glenn C. Loury — The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities — 1980 - **Citation:** Carlton, Dennis W., and Glenn C. Loury. "The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95, no. 3, 1980, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1885093. - **Publication:** The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95, no. 3 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/1885093 - **Citation status:** complete ### Carson, Clayborne — An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times’ 1619 Project — 2020 - **Citation:** Carson, Clayborne. "An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times’ 1619 Project." World Socialist Web Site, 2020, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/01/15/clay-j15.html. - **Publication:** World Socialist Web Site - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/01/15/clay-j15.html - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Carson, Clayborne — The Eyes on the Prize — 1991 - **Citation:** Carson, Clayborne. The Eyes on the Prize. Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle, 1991. - **Publication:** Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Jacoby Adeshei — Alain LeRoy Locke — 2012 - **Citation:** Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Alain LeRoy Locke." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/alain-locke/. - **Publication:** Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/alain-locke/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Jacoby Adeshei — Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race, — 2017 - **Citation:** Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race,." The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race, 2017. - **Publication:** The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Jacoby Adeshei — Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race — 2014 - **Citation:** Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journalin American Philosophy, 2014. - **Publication:** Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journalin American Philosophy - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Jacoby Adeshei — Whether Constructionist or Skeptic — 2022 - **Citation:** Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Whether Constructionist or Skeptic." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whether-constructionist-or-skeptic. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whether-constructionist-or-skeptic - **Topics:** Identity politics, Race, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Back Channel — 2014 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Back Channel. Vintage, 2014. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy — 1999 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy. New York: Harper Perennial, 1999. - **Publication:** New York: Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics — 2001 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics. New York: Basic Books, 2001. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Integrity — 1997 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Integrity. New York: Harper Perennial, 1997. - **Publication:** New York: Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Invisible: The Forgotten Story of the Black Woman Lawyer Who Took Down America's Most Powerful Mobster — 2018 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Invisible: The Forgotten Story of the Black Woman Lawyer Who Took Down America's Most Powerful Mobster. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2018. - **Publication:** New York: Henry Holt and Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Jericho's Fall — 2009 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Jericho's Fall. Vintage, 2009. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — New England White — 2007 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. New England White. Vintage, 2007. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — nom de plume — 2013 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. nom de plume. The Church Builder, 2013. - **Publication:** The Church Builder - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Palace Council — 2008 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Palace Council. Vintage, 2008. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby — 1991 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby. Basic Books, 1991. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process — 1994 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process. New York: Basic Books, 1994. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion — 1991 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion. New York: Anchor, 1991. - **Publication:** New York: Anchor - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Dissent of the Governed: A Meditation on Law, Religion, and Loyalty — 1998 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Dissent of the Governed: A Meditation on Law, Religion, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. - **Publication:** Cambridge: Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Emperor of Ocean Park — 2002 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Emperor of Ocean Park. Vintage, 2002. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Impeachment of Abraham Lincoln — 2012 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Impeachment of Abraham Lincoln. Vintage, 2012. - **Publication:** Vintage - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The Violence of Peace: America's Wars in the Age of Obama — 2011 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. The Violence of Peace: America's Wars in the Age of Obama. New York: PublicAffairs, 2011. - **Publication:** New York: PublicAffairs - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Carter, Stephen L — The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating — 2024 - **Citation:** Carter, Stephen L. "The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating." The New York Times, 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/magazine/college-free-speech.html. - **Publication:** The New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/magazine/college-free-speech.html - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Center for Research on Education Outcomes — Urban Charter School Study: Report on 41 Regions — 2015 - **Citation:** Center for Research on Education Outcomes. "Urban Charter School Study: Report on 41 Regions." Stanford University, 2015, https://urbancharters.stanford.edu/download/Urban%20Charter%20School%20Study%20Report%20on%2041%20Regions.pdf. - **Publication:** Stanford University - **Genre:** report - **URL:** https://urbancharters.stanford.edu/download/Urban%20Charter%20School%20Study%20Report%20on%2041%20Regions.pdf - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Chantal Monique Duson — The Karmelo Anthony Verdict in Biblical Perspective — 2026 - **Citation:** Chantal Monique Duson. "The Karmelo Anthony Verdict in Biblical Perspective." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-karmelo-anthony-verdict-in-biblical. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-karmelo-anthony-verdict-in-biblical - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Charles Ekokotu — Cancel Culture Kills Comedy — 2021 - **Citation:** Charles Ekokotu. "Cancel Culture Kills Comedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cancel-culture-kills-comedy. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cancel-culture-kills-comedy - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech), Humor - **Citation status:** complete ### Charles Ekokotu — Candace Owens and the problem of Antisemitism — 2024 - **Citation:** Charles Ekokotu. "Candace Owens and the problem of Antisemitism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/candace-owens-and-the-problem-of. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/candace-owens-and-the-problem-of - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### Charles, Jeff — Jeff Charles author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Charles, Jeff. "Jeff Charles author page." RedState, n.d., https://redstate.com/author/jeffc/. - **Publication:** RedState - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://redstate.com/author/jeffc/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Chideya, Farai — Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today’s America — 2020 - **Citation:** Chideya, Farai. "Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today’s America." Nieman Foundation, 2020, https://nieman.harvard.edu/articles/cultural-competency-and-why-it-is-important-to-covering-todays-america/. - **Publication:** Nieman Foundation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nieman.harvard.edu/articles/cultural-competency-and-why-it-is-important-to-covering-todays-america/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Children’s books — Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology — 2023 - **Citation:** Children’s books. "Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/picture-book-recommendations-for. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/picture-book-recommendations-for - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah — Darky — 2006 - **Citation:** Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. Darky. The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora, 2006. - **Publication:** The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Blackface - **Citation status:** complete ### Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah — Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir — 2021 - **Citation:** Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021. - **Publication:** Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah — The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics — 2016 - **Citation:** Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics. Wesleyan University Press, 2016. - **Publication:** Wesleyan University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Clair, Matthew — Black intellectuals and white audiences — 2016 - **Citation:** Clair, Matthew. "Black intellectuals and white audiences." Public Books, 2016, https://www.publicbooks.org/black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences/. - **Publication:** Public Books - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.publicbooks.org/black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences/ - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Clemons, Jared K — Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America — 2021 - **Citation:** Clemons, Jared K. "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/3streams/nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-injustice-in-america-6bfec0fde61f. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/3streams/nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-injustice-in-america-6bfec0fde61f - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury — Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes? — 1993 - **Citation:** Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury. "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 5, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117558. - **Publication:** The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 5 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117558 - **Citation status:** complete ### Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury — Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization — 1993 - **Citation:** Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury. "Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization." The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 2, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117646. - **Publication:** The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 2 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117646 - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B — Black Victim to Black Victor — 2021 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. Black Victim to Black Victor. Wrong Speak Publishing, 2021, https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/. - **Publication:** Wrong Speak Publishing - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/ - **Topics:** Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B — John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans — 2022 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. "John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans." NY Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/08/31/john-fettermans-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-insult-black-americans/. - **Publication:** NY Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nypost.com/2022/08/31/john-fettermans-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-insult-black-americans/ - **Topics:** Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B — Like Father, Not Like Son — 2025 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. "Like Father, Not Like Son." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/like-father-not-like-son. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/like-father-not-like-son - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B — The downside of the Civil Rights Movement — 2021 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. "The downside of the Civil Rights Movement." ScoonTV, 2021, https://www.scoontv.com/the-downside-of-the-civil-rights-movement/. - **Publication:** ScoonTV - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.scoontv.com/the-downside-of-the-civil-rights-movement/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B — Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers — 2022 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. "Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers." The Federalist, 2022, https://thefederalist.com/2022/04/15/tony-dungy-is-right-troubled-kids-dont-just-need-better-schools-they-need-fathers/. - **Publication:** The Federalist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thefederalist.com/2022/04/15/tony-dungy-is-right-troubled-kids-dont-just-need-better-schools-they-need-fathers/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Coleman, Adam B. — Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR — 2022 - **Citation:** Coleman, Adam B. "Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR." NYPost, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/05/17/corporations-dont-care-if-blm-is-wasting-money-they-were-buying-pr/. - **Publication:** NYPost - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nypost.com/2022/05/17/corporations-dont-care-if-blm-is-wasting-money-they-were-buying-pr/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Combahee River Collective — The Combahee River Collective Statement — 1977 - **Citation:** Combahee River Collective. "The Combahee River Collective Statement." Combahee River Collective, 1977, https://combaheerivercollective.weebly.com/the-combahee-river-collective-statement.html. - **Publication:** Combahee River Collective - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://combaheerivercollective.weebly.com/the-combahee-river-collective-statement.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities — Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities — 2021 - **Citation:** Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities. "Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities/foreword-introduction-and-full-recommendations. - **Publication:** GOV.UK - **Genre:** report - **URL:** https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities/foreword-introduction-and-full-recommendations - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Common Sense with Dr. Ben Carson — Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly — 2024 - **Citation:** Common Sense with Dr. Ben Carson. "Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkvoZaH2b0M. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkvoZaH2b0M - **Citation status:** complete ### Connerly, Ward — Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences — 2000 - **Citation:** Connerly, Ward. Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences. Encounter Books, 2000. - **Publication:** Encounter Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Connerly, Ward — Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character — 2008 - **Citation:** Connerly, Ward. Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character. Encounter Books, 2008. - **Publication:** Encounter Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Connie Morgan — Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns — 2023 - **Citation:** Connie Morgan. "Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blacks-should-never-give-up-their. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blacks-should-never-give-up-their - **Topics:** Guns/2nd Amendment - **Citation status:** complete ### Connie Morgan — Prepare for More Black Mathletes — 2022 - **Citation:** Connie Morgan. "Prepare for More Black Mathletes." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/prepare-for-more-black-mathletes. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/prepare-for-more-black-mathletes - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Connie Morgan — The Black Conservative Summit — 2023 - **Citation:** Connie Morgan. "The Black Conservative Summit." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-conservative-summit. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-conservative-summit - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Connie Morgan — The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People — 2023 - **Citation:** Connie Morgan. "The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration, Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Connie Morgan — The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators — 2022 - **Citation:** Connie Morgan. "The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Constitution Day 2024 — Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution — 2024 - **Citation:** Constitution Day 2024. "Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-my-students-recite-the-preamble. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-my-students-recite-the-preamble - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Cooper, Anna Julia — A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South — 1892 - **Citation:** Cooper, Anna Julia. "A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South." Xenia, OH: The Aldine Printing House, 1892, https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/cooper/cooper.html. - **Publication:** Xenia, OH: The Aldine Printing House - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/cooper/cooper.html - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Cooper, Bertrand — Juneteenth Reflections — 2024 - **Citation:** Cooper, Bertrand. "Juneteenth Reflections." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/juneteenth-reflections. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/juneteenth-reflections - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Juneteenth - **Citation status:** complete ### Cooper, Bertrand — The Hunger Inside — 2022 - **Citation:** Cooper, Bertrand. "The Hunger Inside." The New York Times, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/opinion/poverty-hunger-bingeing.html. - **Publication:** The New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/opinion/poverty-hunger-bingeing.html - **Topics:** Lived experience, Wealth gap: see also Class - **Citation status:** complete ### Cooper, Bertrand — The Truth About Affirmative Action — 2023 - **Citation:** Cooper, Bertrand. "The Truth About Affirmative Action." The Atlantic, 2023, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/06/failure-affirmative-action/674439/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/06/failure-affirmative-action/674439/ - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Cooper, Bertrand — Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture? — 2021 - **Citation:** Cooper, Bertrand. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" Current Affairs, 2021, https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/07/who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture. - **Publication:** Current Affairs - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/07/who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Creswell, Michael H — Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It? — 2022 - **Citation:** Creswell, Michael H. "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/closing-the-racial-academic-achievement. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/closing-the-racial-academic-achievement - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Creswell, Michael H — How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap, — 2021 - **Citation:** Creswell, Michael H. How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap,. The American Historian, 2021. - **Publication:** The American Historian - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Creswell, Michael H — The Price of the Game — 2023 - **Citation:** Creswell, Michael H. "The Price of the Game." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-price-of-the-game. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-price-of-the-game - **Topics:** Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Creswell, Michael H — Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind? — 2019 - **Citation:** Creswell, Michael H. "Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind?" E-International Relations, 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/17/was-clausewitz-a-realist-if-so-what-kind/. - **Publication:** E-International Relations - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/17/was-clausewitz-a-realist-if-so-what-kind/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives — 1998 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives. Pantheon, 1998. - **Publication:** Pantheon - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz — 2006 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz. Civitas, 2006. - **Publication:** Civitas - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Don't the Moon Look Lonesome: A Novel in Blues and Swing — 2000 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Don't the Moon Look Lonesome: A Novel in Blues and Swing. Pantheon, 2000. - **Publication:** Pantheon - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker — 2013 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker. Harper, 2013. - **Publication:** Harper - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979-1989 — 1990 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979-1989. Oxford University Press, 1990. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Reconsidering The Souls of Black Folk: Thoughts on the Groundbreaking Classic Work of W.E.B. Dubois — 2003 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Reconsidering The Souls of Black Folk: Thoughts on the Groundbreaking Classic Work of W.E.B. Dubois. Running Press, 2003. - **Publication:** Running Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Teenie — 2002 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Teenie. One Shot Harris: The Photographs of Charles "Teenie" Harris, 2002. - **Publication:** One Shot Harris: The Photographs of Charles "Teenie" Harris - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It — 1995 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It. 1990-1994. - **Publication:** 1990-1994 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity — 2004 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity. Civitas, 2004. - **Publication:** Civitas - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Crouch, Stanley — Victory Is Assured: Uncollected Writings of Stanley Crouch — 2022 - **Citation:** Crouch, Stanley. Victory Is Assured: Uncollected Writings of Stanley Crouch. Liveright, 2022. - **Publication:** Liveright - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Crummell, Alexander — Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses — 1891 - **Citation:** Crummell, Alexander. Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses. Springfield, Massachusetts: Wiley and Co, 1891. - **Publication:** Springfield, Massachusetts: Wiley and Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Cruse, Harold — The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual — 1967 - **Citation:** Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. William Morrow, 1967, https://archive.org/details/crisisofnegroint0000unse. - **Publication:** William Morrow - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://archive.org/details/crisisofnegroint0000unse - **Citation status:** complete ### Cunningham, Vinson — The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’ — 2020 - **Citation:** Cunningham, Vinson. "The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’." New Yorker, 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-argument-of-afropessimism. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-argument-of-afropessimism - **Topics:** Afropessimism - **Citation status:** complete ### Curry, Tommy J — Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT — 2009 - **Citation:** Curry, Tommy J. "Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT." Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal, 2009, https://www.academia.edu/2635853/Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT. - **Publication:** Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.academia.edu/2635853/Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Dan Asia — A Classical Composer Reads Stomping the Blues — 2026 - **Citation:** Dan Asia. "A Classical Composer Reads Stomping the Blues." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-classical-composer-reads-istomping-the-blues-i/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-classical-composer-reads-istomping-the-blues-i/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Dan Asia and Aryeh Tepper — Deep Listening in a Chaotic Soundscape: Thinking about Music with Dan Asia — 2026 - **Citation:** Dan Asia and Aryeh Tepper. "Deep Listening in a Chaotic Soundscape: Thinking about Music with Dan Asia." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/deep-listening-in-a-chaotic-soundscape-thinking-about-music-with-dan-asia/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/deep-listening-in-a-chaotic-soundscape-thinking-about-music-with-dan-asia/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert — Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall — 2026 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert. "Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/critical-race-theory-comes-to-city. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/critical-race-theory-comes-to-city - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert — Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation — 2025 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert. "Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert — Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition — 2026 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert. "Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert — Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary — 2024 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert. "Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/tennessees-flag-bill-should-be-unnecessary. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/tennessees-flag-bill-should-be-unnecessary - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey — For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test — 2022 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey — Pronouns and Privacy — 2026 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "Pronouns and Privacy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pronouns-and-privacy. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pronouns-and-privacy - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey — The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy — 2026 - **Citation:** Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Citation status:** complete ### David Bernstein — How to Talk About Culture Without Fueling Racism — 2022 - **Citation:** David Bernstein. "How to Talk About Culture Without Fueling Racism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-talk-about-culture-without. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-talk-about-culture-without - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### David Bernstein, David Ben Moshe, Brandy Shufutinsky, and Erec Smith — New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations — 2021 - **Citation:** David Bernstein, David Ben Moshe, Brandy Shufutinsky, and Erec Smith. "New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-paradigms-in-black-jewish-relations. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-paradigms-in-black-jewish-relations - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### David Cycleback — How to Destroy a Liberal Church — 2023 - **Citation:** David Cycleback. "How to Destroy a Liberal Church." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-destroy-a-liberal-church. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-destroy-a-liberal-church - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### David Hanna — The Virtuous City Vision: A National Platform for Gaza’s Governance and Renewal — 2025 - **Citation:** David Hanna. "The Virtuous City Vision: A National Platform for Gaza’s Governance and Renewal." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-virtuous-city-vision-a-national. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-virtuous-city-vision-a-national - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### David L. Bernstein — How a New ‘Diversity’ Fuels Antisemitism — 2022 - **Citation:** David L. Bernstein. "How a New ‘Diversity’ Fuels Antisemitism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-a-new-diversity-fuels-antisemitism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-a-new-diversity-fuels-antisemitism - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### David L. Bernstein — In Search of Systemic Racism — 2022 - **Citation:** David L. Bernstein. "In Search of Systemic Racism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/in-search-of-systemic-racism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/in-search-of-systemic-racism - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### David Vega — The Comfort of Victimhood — 2026 - **Citation:** David Vega. "The Comfort of Victimhood." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-comfort-of-victimhood. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-comfort-of-victimhood - **Topics:** Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Demby, Gene — Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence? — 2017 - **Citation:** Demby, Gene. "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" Code Switch, 2017, https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/04/513218656/does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence. - **Publication:** Code Switch - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/04/513218656/does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Denvir, Daniel — The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. — 2018 - **Citation:** Denvir, Daniel. "The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr." Jacobin, 2018, https://jacobin.com/2018/04/martin-luther-king-rhetoric-political-philosophy. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobin.com/2018/04/martin-luther-king-rhetoric-political-philosophy - **Citation status:** complete ### Desmond-Harris, Jenée — Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is — 2014 - **Citation:** Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is." Vox, 2014, https://www.vox.com/2014/12/15/7382941/race-research-social-science. - **Publication:** Vox - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.vox.com/2014/12/15/7382941/race-research-social-science - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Diamond, Lydia, R — Harriet Jacobs — 2011 - **Citation:** Diamond, Lydia, R. Harriet Jacobs. 2011. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Diamond, Lydia, R — Smart People — 2016 - **Citation:** Diamond, Lydia, R. Smart People. 2016. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Diamond, Lydia, R — The Bluest Eye — 2007 - **Citation:** Diamond, Lydia, R. The Bluest Eye. 2007. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Different Voice — Different Voice official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Different Voice. "Different Voice official website." Different Voice, n.d., https://differentvoicextra.blogspot.com. - **Publication:** Different Voice - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://differentvoicextra.blogspot.com - **Citation status:** complete ### Dmitri Shufutinsky — Black Excellence Is Not White Supremacy — 2023 - **Citation:** Dmitri Shufutinsky. "Black Excellence Is Not White Supremacy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-excellence-is-not-white-supremacy. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-excellence-is-not-white-supremacy - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Douglass, Frederick — "No Distinction on Account of Race and Color" — 2025 - **Citation:** Douglass, Frederick. ""No Distinction on Account of Race and Color"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/no-distinction-on-account-of-race. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/no-distinction-on-account-of-race - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Douglass, Frederick — Fourth of July Oration, — 1852 - **Citation:** Douglass, Frederick. "Fourth of July Oration,." or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”, 1852, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/what-to-the-slave-is-the-fourth-of-july/. - **Publication:** or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/what-to-the-slave-is-the-fourth-of-july/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project, Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Douglass, Frederick — Life and Times of Frederick Douglass — 1881 - **Citation:** Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. 1881. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Douglass, Frederick — My Bondage and My Freedom — 1855 - **Citation:** Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. 1855. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Douglass, Frederick — Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave — 1845 - **Citation:** Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Africa—Its Place in Modern History — 2007 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Africa—Its Place in Modern History. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products — 2007 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Black Folk Then and Now — 1939 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Folk Then and Now. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Black Reconstruction in America — 1935 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Color and Democracy — 2007 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Color and Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Darkwater — 1920 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Darkwater. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Dusk of Dawn — 1940 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Dusk of Dawn. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — In Battle for Peace — 1952 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. In Battle for Peace. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — John Brown — 1909 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. John Brown. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Mansart Builds a School — 1959 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Mansart Builds a School. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois — 1968 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Dark Princess — 1928 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Dark Princess. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Gift of Black Folk — 1924 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Gift of Black Folk. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Negro — 1915 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Negro. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Negro in the South — 1907 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Negro in the South. 1907. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Ordeal of Mansart — 1957 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Ordeal of Mansart. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Philadelphia Negro — 1899 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Philadelphia Negro. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Quest of the Silver Fleece — 1911 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Quest of the Silver Fleece. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Souls of Black Folk — 1903 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870 — 1896 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — The World and Africa — 2007 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. The World and Africa. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Du Bois, W. E. B — Worlds of Color — 1961 - **Citation:** Du Bois, W. E. B. Worlds of Color. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press, 2007 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Dumisani Washington — When Black People Defend Israel & the Jews — 2023 - **Citation:** Dumisani Washington. "When Black People Defend Israel & the Jews." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/when-black-people-defend-israel-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/when-black-people-defend-israel-and - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Dumisani Washington — Why School Choice May Help Save the US-Israel Relationship — 2022 - **Citation:** Dumisani Washington. "Why School Choice May Help Save the US-Israel Relationship." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-school-choice-may-help-save-the. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-school-choice-may-help-save-the - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Dumisani Washington — Zionism and the Black Church — 2022 - **Citation:** Dumisani Washington. "Zionism and the Black Church." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/zionism-and-the-black-church. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/zionism-and-the-black-church - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Dupree, Cydney H — Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals, — 2019 - **Citation:** Dupree, Cydney H. "Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals,." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, 2019, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60f440ee21958c59e08b1fcb/t/60f4739e1ad9bf1c32bf956e/1626633162022/Dupree-Fiske-2019.pdf. - **Publication:** Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60f440ee21958c59e08b1fcb/t/60f4739e1ad9bf1c32bf956e/1626633162022/Dupree-Fiske-2019.pdf - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Dylan F. Morgan — Fallen Gods Trilogy — 2024 - **Citation:** Dylan F. Morgan. "Fallen Gods Trilogy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/fallen-gods-trilogy. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/fallen-gods-trilogy - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### E2 Review Podcast — Black Lives Matter - Are the Stats Accurate? — 2020 - **Citation:** E2 Review Podcast. "Black Lives Matter - Are the Stats Accurate?" YouTube, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bt88SbZWmY. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bt88SbZWmY - **Citation status:** complete ### Early, Gerald — Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered — 2020 - **Citation:** Early, Gerald. "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowing-a-policeman-well/. - **Publication:** The Common Reader - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowing-a-policeman-well/ - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Eboo Patel — Want to Build a More Just Society? — 2023 - **Citation:** Eboo Patel. "Want to Build a More Just Society?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/want-to-build-a-more-just-society. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/want-to-build-a-more-just-society - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Eddie Waldrep — The Model Minority Myth — 2024 - **Citation:** Eddie Waldrep. "The Model Minority Myth." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-model-minority-myth. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-model-minority-myth - **Topics:** Academia, DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Ejiofor, Promise Frank — The new colour line — 2020 - **Citation:** Ejiofor, Promise Frank. "The new colour line." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/08/the-new-colour-line/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/08/the-new-colour-line/ - **Topics:** Academia, Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Ekpunobi, Amala — The Racism of the Woke Left - Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly — 2022 - **Citation:** Ekpunobi, Amala. "The Racism of the Woke Left - Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3soGt PhnOo. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3soGt PhnOo - **Citation status:** complete ### Elder, Larry, executive producer — Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative — 2020 - **Citation:** Elder, Larry, executive producer. "Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative." Uncle Tom, 2020, https://uncletom.com/. - **Publication:** Uncle Tom - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://uncletom.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellis, Joseph J — American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic — 2007 - **Citation:** Ellis, Joseph J. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. Alfred A. Knopf, 2007, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46095/american-creation-by-joseph-j-ellis/. - **Publication:** Alfred A. Knopf - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46095/american-creation-by-joseph-j-ellis/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellis, Trey — The New Black Aesthetic — 1989 - **Citation:** Ellis, Trey. "The New Black Aesthetic." Callaloo, 1989, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2931157. - **Publication:** Callaloo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2931157 - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Finding My Own Voice and Achieving Myself — n.d. - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. "Finding My Own Voice and Achieving Myself." Compendium annotation, n.d. - **Publication:** Compendium annotation - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Flying Home and Other Stories — 1996 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Flying Home and Other Stories. Random House, 1996. - **Publication:** Random House - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Going to the Territory — 1986 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Going to the Territory. Random House, 1986. - **Publication:** Random House - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Invisible Man — 1953 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Invisible Man. Random House, 1953. - **Publication:** Random House - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Juneteenth — 1999 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Juneteenth. Random House, 1999. - **Publication:** Random House - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings — 2002 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings. Modern Library, 2002. - **Publication:** Modern Library - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ellison, Ralph Waldo — Shadow and Act — 1964 - **Citation:** Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Shadow and Act. Random House, 1964. - **Publication:** Random House - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### England, Jason A — The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga — 2021 - **Citation:** England, Jason A. "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### English, Micah — Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence — 2021 - **Citation:** English, Micah. "Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence." OSF Preprints, 2021, https://osf.io/tdkf3/. - **Publication:** OSF Preprints - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://osf.io/tdkf3/ - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Equiano, Olaudah — The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African — 1789 - **Citation:** Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Modern Library, 1789. - **Publication:** Modern Library - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Erec Smith, Angel Eduardo, and Zander Keig — Authenticity: Erased & Replaced — 2021 - **Citation:** Erec Smith, Angel Eduardo, and Zander Keig. "Authenticity: Erased & Replaced." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/authenticity-erased-and-replaced. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/authenticity-erased-and-replaced - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Erec Smith, interviewer, and Greg Thomas, interviewee — Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry — 2021 - **Citation:** Erec Smith, interviewer, and Greg Thomas, interviewee. "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Eric Ehigie — Blinded By Colour: The Irish Case for Transcending Race — 2024 - **Citation:** Eric Ehigie. "Blinded By Colour: The Irish Case for Transcending Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blinded-by-colour-the-irish-case. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blinded-by-colour-the-irish-case - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Evans, Robert — Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters — 2022 - **Citation:** Evans, Robert. "Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters." FAIR News, 2022, https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard. - **Publication:** FAIR News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard - **Citation status:** complete ### Evans, Robert III — Why Harvard’s Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters — 2022 - **Citation:** Evans, Robert III. "Why Harvard’s Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters." FAIR, 2022, https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard. - **Publication:** FAIR - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Eversley, Shelly — The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature — 2004 - **Citation:** Eversley, Shelly. The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature. Routledge, 2004. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change — Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change. "Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change official website." Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change, n.d., https://www.eccsc.org/. - **Publication:** Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.eccsc.org/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Fang, Hanming, and Glenn C. Loury — 'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational — 2005 - **Citation:** Fang, Hanming, and Glenn C. Loury. "'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational." The American Economic Review, vol. 95, no. 2, 2005, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132799. - **Publication:** The American Economic Review, vol. 95, no. 2 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132799 - **Citation status:** complete ### Fanusie, Yaya J — As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America — 2020 - **Citation:** Fanusie, Yaya J. "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america/. - **Publication:** 1776Unites.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project, Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Fanusie, Yaya J — Black is the new idol — 2020 - **Citation:** Fanusie, Yaya J. "Black is the new idol." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/black-is-the-new-idol/. - **Publication:** 1776Unites.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/black-is-the-new-idol/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Fanusie, Yaya J — France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African — 2020 - **Citation:** Fanusie, Yaya J. "France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African." Foreign Policy, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/09/frances-muslims-could-learn-from-the-african-american-muslim-experience/. - **Publication:** Foreign Policy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/09/frances-muslims-could-learn-from-the-african-american-muslim-experience/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Fanusie, Yaya J — Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters — 2023 - **Citation:** Fanusie, Yaya J. "Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fighters. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fighters - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — et al. — 1985 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. et al. The Destruction of Slavery, 1985. - **Publication:** The Destruction of Slavery - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Free At Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Emancipation, and the Civil War — 1992 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. Free At Last: A Documentary History of Slavery, Emancipation, and the Civil War. The New Press, 1992. - **Publication:** The New Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields — 2015 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin., 2015, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism. - **Publication:** Jacobin. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Ideology and Race in American History, — 1982 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "Ideology and Race in American History,." Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, 1982. - **Publication:** Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Race Relations — 2018 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "Race Relations." Jacobin., 2018, https://jacobin.com/2018/01/racecraft-racism-barbara-karen-fields. - **Publication:** Jacobin. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobin.com/2018/01/racecraft-racism-barbara-karen-fields - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century — 1985 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century. Yale University Press, 1985. - **Publication:** Yale University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America, — 1990 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America,." New Left Review, 1990, https://newleftreview.org/issues/i181/articles/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america. - **Publication:** New Left Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newleftreview.org/issues/i181/articles/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america - **Topics:** Race, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Slaves No More: Three Essays on the Emancipation and the Civil War — 1992 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. Slaves No More: Three Essays on the Emancipation and the Civil War. Cambridge University Press, 1992. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — The Death of Hannah Fizer — 2020 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "The Death of Hannah Fizer." Dissent Magazine, 2020, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online articles/the-death-of-hannah-fizer. - **Publication:** Dissent Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online articles/the-death-of-hannah-fizer - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Barbara J — Whiteness, Racism and Identity — 2001 - **Citation:** Fields, Barbara J. "Whiteness, Racism and Identity." International Labor & Working-Class History, 2001, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672735. - **Publication:** International Labor & Working-Class History - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672735 - **Topics:** Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Corey D. — Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey — 2013 - **Citation:** Fields, Corey D. "Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey." American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844, 2013, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/672359. - **Publication:** American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/672359 - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Karen E — Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa — 1986 - **Citation:** Fields, Karen E. Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa. Princeton University Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Karen E. — Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography — n.d. - **Citation:** Fields, Karen E. Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography. n.d. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields — How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields — 2015 - **Citation:** Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin., 2015, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism. - **Publication:** Jacobin. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields — Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life — 2012 - **Citation:** Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life. London: Verso, 2012. - **Publication:** London: Verso - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Finkton, Darryl, Jr — The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege — 2022 - **Citation:** Finkton, Darryl, Jr. "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege." Medium, 2022, https://endpovertymaketrillions.medium.com/the-impoverishing-myth-of-white-privilege-b1bb40228314. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://endpovertymaketrillions.medium.com/the-impoverishing-myth-of-white-privilege-b1bb40228314 - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Folarin Iman, Inaya, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — Wilfred Reilly on American Policing — 2023 - **Citation:** Folarin Iman, Inaya, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Wilfred Reilly on American Policing." Folarin Iman YouTube Channel, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpVFcl13WY4. - **Publication:** Folarin Iman YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpVFcl13WY4 - **Citation status:** complete ### Foner, Eric — Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist? — 2000 - **Citation:** Foner, Eric. "Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist?" Los Angeles Times, 2000, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-09-bk-17473-story.html. - **Publication:** Los Angeles Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-09-bk-17473-story.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio — Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno — 1939 - **Citation:** Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno. 1939. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio — Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals — 1967 - **Citation:** Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 1967. - **Publication:** Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio — Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars, — 1944 - **Citation:** Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars,. American Journal of Sociology, 1944. - **Publication:** American Journal of Sociology - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio — The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940, — 1942 - **Citation:** Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940,. Southern University Bulletin, 1942. - **Publication:** Southern University Bulletin - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Fordham, Signithia — Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’ — 1986 - **Citation:** Fordham, Signithia. Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’. The Urban Review, 1986. - **Publication:** The Urban Review - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Acting white” - **Citation status:** complete ### Forman, James Jr — Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling, — 2007 - **Citation:** Forman, James Jr. "Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling,." University of Illinois Law Review, 2007. - **Publication:** University of Illinois Law Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Forman, James Jr — Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America — 2017 - **Citation:** Forman, James Jr. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. - **Publication:** Farrar, Straus and Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Forman, James Jr — Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble, — 2008 - **Citation:** Forman, James Jr. "Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble,." Education Next, 2008. - **Publication:** Education Next - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Forman, James Jr — Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow, — 2012 - **Citation:** Forman, James Jr. Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow,. New York University Law Review, 2012. - **Publication:** New York University Law Review - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Fortner, Michael Javen — Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment — 2015 - **Citation:** Fortner, Michael Javen. Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment. Harvard University Press, 2015. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Fortner, Michael Javen — Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police — 2020 - **Citation:** Fortner, Michael Javen. "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/hearing-what-black-voices-really-say-about-police. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/hearing-what-black-voices-really-say-about-police - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Fortner, Michael Javen — The real roots of the ‘70s drug laws — 2015 - **Citation:** Fortner, Michael Javen. "The real roots of the ‘70s drug laws." New York Times, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/opinion/the-real-roots-of-70s-drug-laws.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/opinion/the-real-roots-of-70s-drug-laws.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Fortner, Michael Javen — Urban Citizenship and American Democracy — 2016 - **Citation:** Fortner, Michael Javen. Urban Citizenship and American Democracy. SUNY Press, 2016. - **Publication:** SUNY Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Foster, Karith — You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy — 2020 - **Citation:** Foster, Karith. You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy. 2020, https://www.karith.com/perfect-or-happy.html. - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.karith.com/perfect-or-happy.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — Black Bourgeoisie — 1957 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. Bourgeoisie noire, 1957. - **Publication:** Bourgeoisie noire - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — Bourgeoisie noire — 1955 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. Bourgeoisie noire. Paris: Plon, 1955. - **Publication:** Paris: Plon - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality Development in the Middle States — 1940 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality Development in the Middle States. Washington, D, 1940. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — On Race Relations: Selected Writings — 1968 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. On Race Relations: Selected Writings. edited and with an introduction by G, 1968. - **Publication:** edited and with an introduction by G - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World — 1957 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World. New York: Knopf, 1957. - **Publication:** New York: Knopf - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War — 1932 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War. Nashville: Fisk University Press, 1932. - **Publication:** Nashville: Fisk University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Integration of the Negro into American Society — 1951 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Integration of the Negro into American Society. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1951. - **Publication:** Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Negro Church in America — 1963 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro Church in America. New York: Schocken Books, 1963. - **Publication:** New York: Schocken Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Negro Family in Chicago — 1932 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro Family in Chicago. University of Chicago Press, 1932. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Negro Family in the United States — 1939 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro Family in the United States. University of Chicago Press, 1939. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frazier, Edward Franklin — The Negro in the United States — 1949 - **Citation:** Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro in the United States. New York: Macmillan, 1949. - **Publication:** New York: Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Free Black Thought Podcast — Ep. 45 - 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly) — 2024 - **Citation:** Free Black Thought Podcast. "Ep. 45 - 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly)." Free Black Thought Podcast, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/ep-45-i-dont-tell-lies-wilfred-reilly. - **Publication:** Free Black Thought Podcast - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/ep-45-i-dont-tell-lies-wilfred-reilly - **Citation status:** complete ### Freeman, Lance — A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America — 2019 - **Citation:** Freeman, Lance. A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America. Columbia University Press, 2019. - **Publication:** Columbia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Freeman, Lance — Five myths about gentrification, — 2016 - **Citation:** Freeman, Lance. "Five myths about gentrification,." Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-gentrification/2016/06/03/b6c80e56-1ba5-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7 story.html. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-gentrification/2016/06/03/b6c80e56-1ba5-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7 story.html - **Topics:** Gentrification - **Citation status:** complete ### Freeman, Lance — There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up — 2011 - **Citation:** Freeman, Lance. There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up. Temple University Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frisby, Craig — Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I) — 2020 - **Citation:** Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I)." Minding the Campus, 2020, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2020/12/30/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2020/12/30/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Frisby, Craig — Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II) — 2021 - **Citation:** Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/13/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-ii/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/13/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-ii/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Frisby, Craig — Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III) — 2021 - **Citation:** Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/21/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-iii/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/21/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-iii/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Frisby, Craig L — Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions — 2018 - **Citation:** Frisby, Craig L. Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions. Springer, 2018. - **Publication:** Springer - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Frisby, Craig L — Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel — 2013 - **Citation:** Frisby, Craig L. Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. - **Publication:** John Wiley & Sons, Inc - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland G., Jr. — Affirmative Action in College Admissions Doesn't Work — but It Could — 2022 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland G., Jr. "Affirmative Action in College Admissions Doesn't Work — but It Could." The Washington Post, 2022, https://manhattan.institute/article/affirmative-action-in-college-admissions-doesnt-work-but-it-could. - **Publication:** The Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://manhattan.institute/article/affirmative-action-in-college-admissions-doesnt-work-but-it-could - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students, — 2006 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students,. Education Next, 2006. - **Publication:** Education Next - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Acting white” - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — 21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination — 2014 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Issues in Science and Technology, 2014, https://issues.org/21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination/. - **Publication:** Issues in Science and Technology - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://issues.org/21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination/ - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism), Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Related entities:** Roland Fryer Jr - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Affirmative Action and Its Mythology, — 2005 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology,." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/089533005774357888. - **Publication:** Journal of Economic Perspectives - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/089533005774357888 - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Affirmative action in college admissions doesn’t work — but it could — 2022 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Affirmative action in college admissions doesn’t work — but it could." Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/10/30/affirmative-action-supreme-court-college-admissions/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/10/30/affirmative-action-supreme-court-college-admissions/ - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — An Economic Analysis of Color-Blind Affirmative Action — 2008 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Economic Analysis of Color-Blind Affirmative Action." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2008, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/economic-analysis-color-blind-affirmative-action. - **Publication:** Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/economic-analysis-color-blind-affirmative-action - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White', — 2010 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White',." Journal of Public Economics, 2010, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/an empirical analysis of acting white.pdf. - **Publication:** Journal of Public Economics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/an empirical analysis of acting white.pdf - **Topics:** “Acting white” - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’, — 2005 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’,." NBER, 2005, https://www.nber.org/papers/w11334. - **Publication:** NBER - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nber.org/papers/w11334 - **Topics:** “Acting white” - **Related entities:** Roland Fryer Jr - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force, — 2019 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force,. Journal of Political Economy, 2019. - **Publication:** Journal of Political Economy - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics, — 2010 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics,. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010. - **Publication:** American Economic Journal: Applied Economics - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century — 2007 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage over the 20th Century. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007. - **Publication:** Journal of Economic Perspectives - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional PublicSchools: Evidence From Field Experiments — 2014 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional PublicSchools: Evidence From Field Experiments." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/injecting-charter-school-best-practices-traditional-public%C2%A0schools%C2%A0evidence-field. - **Publication:** Quarterly Journal of Economics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/injecting-charter-school-best-practices-traditional-public%C2%A0schools%C2%A0evidence-field - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion — 2022 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion." Fortune, 2022, https://fortune.com/2022/06/20/data-first-diversity-equity-inclusion-careers-black-workers-gender-race-bias-dei-roland-fryer/. - **Publication:** Fortune - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fortune.com/2022/06/20/data-first-diversity-equity-inclusion-careers-black-workers-gender-race-bias-dei-roland-fryer/ - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools, — 2012 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools,." The Hamilton Project, 2012, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/learning-successes-and-failures-charter-schools. - **Publication:** The Hamilton Project - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/learning-successes-and-failures-charter-schools - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Related entities:** Roland Fryer Jr - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Policing the Police: The Impact of ‘Pattern-or-Practice’ Investigations on Crime — 2020 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Policing the Police: The Impact of ‘Pattern-or-Practice’ Investigations on Crime." NBER Working Paper No, 2020, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27324. - **Publication:** NBER Working Paper No - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nber.org/papers/w27324 - **Topics:** Police - **Related entities:** Roland Fryer Jr - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination — 2011 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination." Handbook of Labor Economics, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(11. - **Publication:** Handbook of Labor Economics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(11 - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism), Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Related entities:** Roland Fryer Jr - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings, — 2018 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings,. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2018. - **Publication:** AEA Papers and Proceedings - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names, — 2004 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names,." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1162/0033553041502180. - **Publication:** The Quarterly Journal of Economics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi.org/10.1162/0033553041502180 - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — Valuing Diversity — 2013 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Valuing Diversity." Journal of Political Economy, 2013, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671180. - **Publication:** Journal of Political Economy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671180 - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr — What the Data Say About Police: There are racial differences in use of nonlethal force, but not in officer-involved shootings — 2020 - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "What the Data Say About Police: There are racial differences in use of nonlethal force, but not in officer-involved shootings." Wall Street Journal., 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-the-data-say-about-police-11592845959. - **Publication:** Wall Street Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-the-data-say-about-police-11592845959 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Fryer, Roland, Jr. — Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination — n.d. - **Citation:** Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Racial Inequality in the 21st Century: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Barcelona School of Economics, n.d., https://youtu.be/dnOi0w8rgYs. - **Publication:** Barcelona School of Economics - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://youtu.be/dnOi0w8rgYs - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Gakunzi, David — The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo — 2018 - **Citation:** Gakunzi, David. "The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo." Jewish Political Studies Review, 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26500685. - **Publication:** Jewish Political Studies Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/26500685 - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Gary L. Geipel — Escaping the Cage — 2024 - **Citation:** Gary L. Geipel. "Escaping the Cage." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/escaping-the-cage. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/escaping-the-cage - **Topics:** Art & literature, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — 'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree — 1991 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree." New York Times., 1991, https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/24/books/authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree.html. - **Publication:** New York Times. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/24/books/authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree.html - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience — 2005 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America — 2016 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America." Salon, 2016, https://www.salon.com/2016/10/26/black-white-and-blues-henry-louis-gates-jr-breaks-down-albert-murrays-legacy-on-race-and-culture-in-america/. - **Publication:** Salon - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.salon.com/2016/10/26/black-white-and-blues-henry-louis-gates-jr-breaks-down-albert-murrays-legacy-on-race-and-culture-in-america/ - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — et al — 2014 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. et al. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, 2014. - **Publication:** The Norton Anthology of African American Literature - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — King of Cats — 1996 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "King of Cats." New Yorker, 1996, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/04/08/king-of-cats. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/04/08/king-of-cats - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights — 1993 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights." New Republic, 1993, https://newrepublic.com/article/149558/let-talk. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/149558/let-talk - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross — 2012 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. SmileyBooks, 2012. - **Publication:** SmileyBooks - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers — 2003 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers. Basic Books, 2003. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Gates, Henry Louis, Jr — War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment, — 1994 - **Citation:** Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment,. Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, 1994. - **Publication:** Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Gautreau, Marcel — Foreign Aid is Protectionism — 2020 - **Citation:** Gautreau, Marcel. "Foreign Aid is Protectionism." Mises Wire, 2020, https://mises.org/wire/foreign-aid-protectionism. - **Publication:** Mises Wire - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://mises.org/wire/foreign-aid-protectionism - **Citation status:** complete ### Gautreau, Marcel — Robots Won’t Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs — 2021 - **Citation:** Gautreau, Marcel. "Robots Won’t Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs." Mises Wire, 2021, https://mises.org/wire/robots-wont-destroy-us-how-automation-creates-jobs. - **Publication:** Mises Wire - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://mises.org/wire/robots-wont-destroy-us-how-automation-creates-jobs - **Citation status:** complete ### Genspect — One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time — 2023 - **Citation:** Genspect. "One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if0FPZPqwX4. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if0FPZPqwX4 - **Citation status:** complete ### George A. Yancey — Black Identity vs. Christian Identity — 2025 - **Citation:** George A. Yancey. "Black Identity vs. Christian Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-identity-vs-christian-identity. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-identity-vs-christian-identity - **Topics:** Race, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### George A. Yancey — What Is Antiracism and What Is the Problem with It? — 2021 - **Citation:** George A. Yancey. "What Is Antiracism and What Is the Problem with It?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-is-antiracism-and-what-is-the. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-is-antiracism-and-what-is-the - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Gilroy, Paul — Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line — 2000 - **Citation:** Gilroy, Paul. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line. Harvard University Press, 2000. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Gilroy, Paul — Refusing race and salvaging the human — 2019 - **Citation:** Gilroy, Paul. "Refusing race and salvaging the human." New Frame, 2019, https://www.newframe.com/long-read-refusing-race-and-salvaging-the-human/. - **Publication:** New Frame - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newframe.com/long-read-refusing-race-and-salvaging-the-human/ - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Glenn McNair — “Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game” — 2026 - **Citation:** Glenn McNair. "“Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game”." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Glenn McNair — “Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game” — 2026 - **Citation:** Glenn McNair. "“Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game”." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game-a86. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game-a86 - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Glenn McNair — The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries — 2025 - **Citation:** Glenn McNair. "The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries - **Topics:** Black Nationalism, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. — The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force — 2016 - **Citation:** Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. "The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force." Center for Policing Equity, 2016, https://policingequity.org/images/pdfs-doc/CPE%20SoJ%20Race-Arrests-UoF%202016-07-08-1130.pdf. - **Publication:** Center for Policing Equity - **Genre:** report - **URL:** https://policingequity.org/images/pdfs-doc/CPE%20SoJ%20Race-Arrests-UoF%202016-07-08-1130.pdf - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Goings, Kenneth W — Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities — 2010 - **Citation:** Goings, Kenneth W. "Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities." The Journal of Negro Education, 2010, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41341093. - **Publication:** The Journal of Negro Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/41341093 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Goings, Kenneth W — The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies — 2015 - **Citation:** Goings, Kenneth W. "The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement No. 128, 2015, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44216280. - **Publication:** Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement No. 128 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/44216280 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon-Reed, Annette — Andrew Johnson — 2011 - **Citation:** Gordon-Reed, Annette. Andrew Johnson. Times Books, 2011. - **Publication:** Times Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon-Reed, Annette — Most Blessed of the Patriarchs — 2016 - **Citation:** Gordon-Reed, Annette. Most Blessed of the Patriarchs. "Most Blessed of the Patriarchs": Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination, 2016. - **Publication:** "Most Blessed of the Patriarchs": Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon-Reed, Annette — On Juneteenth — 2021 - **Citation:** Gordon-Reed, Annette. On Juneteenth. Liveright/W, 2021. - **Publication:** Liveright/W - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Juneteenth - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon-Reed, Annette — The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family — 2008 - **Citation:** Gordon-Reed, Annette. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. - **Publication:** W. W. Norton & Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon-Reed, Annette — Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy — 1997 - **Citation:** Gordon-Reed, Annette. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy. University of Virginia Press, 1997. - **Publication:** University of Virginia Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Gordon, Ed, host — 'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era — 2006 - **Citation:** Gordon, Ed, host. "'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era." NPR, 2006, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5385701. - **Publication:** NPR - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5385701 - **Citation status:** complete ### Graham, Maryemma — The Cambridge History of African American Literature — 2011 - **Citation:** Graham, Maryemma. The Cambridge History of African American Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Graham, Roderick — The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis — 2020 - **Citation:** Graham, Roderick. "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/swlh/the-cure-for-our-free-speech-problems-requires-a-proper-diagnosis-64434b492647. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/swlh/the-cure-for-our-free-speech-problems-requires-a-proper-diagnosis-64434b492647 - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Graham, Roderick — Why We Need Whiteness Studies — 2019 - **Citation:** Graham, Roderick. "Why We Need Whiteness Studies." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/07/01/why-we-need-whiteness-studies/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2019/07/01/why-we-need-whiteness-studies/ - **Topics:** White Privilege, Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Gray, Briahna Joy — Beware the race reductionist — 2018 - **Citation:** Gray, Briahna Joy. "Beware the race reductionist." The Intercept, 2018, https://theintercept.com/2018/08/26/beware-the-race-reductionist/. - **Publication:** The Intercept - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theintercept.com/2018/08/26/beware-the-race-reductionist/ - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Gray, Briahna Joy — Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out — 2017 - **Citation:** Gray, Briahna Joy. "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out." New York Magazine, 2017, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/11/identity-politics-cant-get-us-out-of-the-mess-racism-made.html. - **Publication:** New York Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/11/identity-politics-cant-get-us-out-of-the-mess-racism-made.html - **Topics:** Identity politics - **Citation status:** complete ### Gregory, James Monroe — Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings — 1893 - **Citation:** Gregory, James Monroe. Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings. Willey & Company, 1893. - **Publication:** Willey & Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Griggs, Sutton E — Imperium in Imperio — 1899 - **Citation:** Griggs, Sutton E. Imperium in Imperio. Cincinnati, OH: The Editor Publishing Co, 1899. - **Publication:** Cincinnati, OH: The Editor Publishing Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Griggs, Sutton E — Imperium in Imperio — 2022 - **Citation:** Griggs, Sutton E. Imperium in Imperio. West Virginia University Press, 2022. - **Publication:** West Virginia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Grundy, Saida — Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination? — 2021 - **Citation:** Grundy, Saida. "Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination?" COHNA, 2021, https://cohna.org/isabel-wilkersons-caste-book-is-it-beyond-examination/. - **Publication:** COHNA - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://cohna.org/isabel-wilkersons-caste-book-is-it-beyond-examination/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Hamer, Fannie Lou — Songs My Mother Taught Me — 2015 - **Citation:** Hamer, Fannie Lou. Songs My Mother Taught Me. 2015. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Hamer, Fannie Lou — The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is — 2011 - **Citation:** Hamer, Fannie Lou. The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is. University Press of Mississippi, 2011. - **Publication:** University Press of Mississippi - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Voting / Voter Suppression, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Hamer, Fannie Lou — To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography — 1967 - **Citation:** Hamer, Fannie Lou. To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography. KIPCO, 1967. - **Publication:** KIPCO - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Voting / Voter Suppression, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — A Certain Magnificence: Lyman Beecher and the Transformation of American Protestantism, 1775–1863 — 1991 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. A Certain Magnificence: Lyman Beecher and the Transformation of American Protestantism, 1775–1863. University of Chicago Press, 1991. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy — 2013 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy. Dialogue Path Press, 2013. - **Publication:** Dialogue Path Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement — 1990 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement. Orbis Books, 1990. - **Publication:** Orbis Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — L'espoir de la démocratie — 2017 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. L'espoir de la démocratie. L'Harmattan, 2017. - **Publication:** L'Harmattan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero — 1996 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero. Orbis Books, 1996. - **Publication:** Orbis Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America — 1983 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1983. - **Publication:** Harcourt Brace & Company - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970 — 1997 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970. Oxford University Press, 1997. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harding, Vincent — We Must Keep Going: Martin Luther King and the Future of America — 1988 - **Citation:** Harding, Vincent. We Must Keep Going: Martin Luther King and the Future of America. New Society Publishers, 1988. - **Publication:** New Society Publishers - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Harmon, Alicia — Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump — 2022 - **Citation:** Harmon, Alicia. "Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump." Socius, 2022, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231221128427. - **Publication:** Socius - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231221128427 - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Harper's Magazine — A Letter on Justice and Open Debate — 2020 - **Citation:** Harper's Magazine. "A Letter on Justice and Open Debate." Harper's Magazine, 2020, https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/. - **Publication:** Harper's Magazine - **Genre:** letter - **URL:** https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/ - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — A white and black world in American labor and politics, — 1925 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. "A white and black world in American labor and politics,." Journal of Social Forces, 1925. - **Publication:** Journal of Social Forces - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — Black Communist in Dixie, — 1925 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. "Black Communist in Dixie,." Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, 1925. - **Publication:** Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — Economics and Social Reform — 1958 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. Economics and Social Reform. Harper & Brothers, 1958. - **Publication:** Harper & Brothers - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — Race, Radicalism and Reform: Selected Papers of Abram L. Harris — 1988 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. Race, Radicalism and Reform: Selected Papers of Abram L. Harris. Transaction, 1988. - **Publication:** Transaction - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement — 1931 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement. Columbia University Press, 1931. - **Publication:** Columbia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes — 1936 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes. The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 1936. - **Publication:** The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations — 1926 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations. National Urban League, 1926. - **Publication:** National Urban League - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr — The social philosophy of Karl Marx — 1948 - **Citation:** Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The social philosophy of Karl Marx. University of Chicago Press, 1948. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Cheryl — Whiteness as Property — 1993 - **Citation:** Harris, Cheryl. "Whiteness as Property." Harvard Law Review, 1993, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/06/1707-1791 Online.pdf. - **Publication:** Harvard Law Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/06/1707-1791 Online.pdf - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Leslie M — I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me — 2020 - **Citation:** Harris, Leslie M. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." Politico Magazine, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248. - **Publication:** Politico Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248 - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Harris, Leslie M. — I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me — 2020 - **Citation:** Harris, Leslie M. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." Politico, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248. - **Publication:** Politico - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248 - **Citation status:** complete ### Heather Shayne Blakeslee — Coleman Hughes' New Blasphemies — 2022 - **Citation:** Heather Shayne Blakeslee. "Coleman Hughes' New Blasphemies." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/coleman-hughes-new-blasphemies. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/coleman-hughes-new-blasphemies - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Police, Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Henderson, Edwin Bancroft — The Negro in Sports — 2014 - **Citation:** Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. The Negro in Sports. Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony, 2014. - **Publication:** Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Henderson, Edwin Bancroft — The Negro In Sports — 1939 - **Citation:** Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. The Negro In Sports. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, Inc, 1939. - **Publication:** Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, Inc - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Henk Bakboord — The Complexity and Simplicity of Identity — 2021 - **Citation:** Henk Bakboord. "The Complexity and Simplicity of Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-complexity-and-simplicity-of. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-complexity-and-simplicity-of - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Henry C. Flowers III — Why I’m Not Optimistic About Racelessness — 2023 - **Citation:** Henry C. Flowers III. "Why I’m Not Optimistic About Racelessness." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-im-not-optimistic-about-racelessness. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-im-not-optimistic-about-racelessness - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Henry Louis Gates, Jr — A Tribute to Albert Murray: 1916–2013 — 2026 - **Citation:** Henry Louis Gates, Jr. "A Tribute to Albert Murray: 1916–2013." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-tribute-to-albert-murray-1916-2013/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-tribute-to-albert-murray-1916-2013/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Herman Beavers — Down into the Maelstrom Swinging: Albert Murray's Fakebook of the Chaotic Imagination — 2026 - **Citation:** Herman Beavers. "Down into the Maelstrom Swinging: Albert Murray's Fakebook of the Chaotic Imagination." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/down-into-the-maelstrom-swinging-albert-murrays-fakebook-of-the-chaotic-imagination/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/down-into-the-maelstrom-swinging-albert-murrays-fakebook-of-the-chaotic-imagination/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hernandez, Ismael — Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America — 2011 - **Citation:** Hernandez, Ismael. Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America. Acton Institute, 2011. - **Publication:** Acton Institute - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates — 2017 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates." Commentary, 2017, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/open-letter-ta-nehisi-coates/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/open-letter-ta-nehisi-coates/ - **Related entities:** Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium — 2000 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century — 2009 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington Books, 2009. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along — 2013 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along. Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. - **Publication:** Palgrave MacMillan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — My ‘Black Lives Matter’ Problem — 2018 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "My ‘Black Lives Matter’ Problem." Commentary, 2018, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/black-lives-matter-problem/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/black-lives-matter-problem/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — The Advancing Nihilism and the Rot of Post-Modernism in the West — 2020 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "The Advancing Nihilism and the Rot of Post-Modernism in the West." Frontpage Mag., 2020, https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/2020/06/advancing-nihilism-and-rot-post-modernism-west-jason-d-hill/. - **Publication:** Frontpage Mag. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/2020/06/advancing-nihilism-and-rot-post-modernism-west-jason-d-hill/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives — 2020 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/the-moral-meaning-of-america-two-parallel-narratives/. - **Publication:** 1776 Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/the-moral-meaning-of-america-two-parallel-narratives/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — The Philosophy Behind Our Culture Wars and the Advancing Nihilism: Post-Modernism — 2020 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "The Philosophy Behind Our Culture Wars and the Advancing Nihilism: Post-Modernism." Frontpage Mag., 2020, https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/2020/06/philosophy-behind-our-culture-wars-and-advancing-jason-d-hill/. - **Publication:** Frontpage Mag. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/2020/06/philosophy-behind-our-culture-wars-and-advancing-jason-d-hill/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People — 2018 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People. Bombardier Books, 2018. - **Publication:** Bombardier Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hill, Jason D — What do African Americans owe America? — 2021 - **Citation:** Hill, Jason D. "What do African Americans owe America?" The Hill, 2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/576607-what-do-african-americans-owe-america. - **Publication:** The Hill - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/576607-what-do-african-americans-owe-america - **Topics:** Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Hirsi Ali, Ayaan — Heretic: Why Islam needs a reformation now — 2015 - **Citation:** Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Heretic: Why Islam needs a reformation now. Harper, 2015. - **Publication:** Harper - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hirsi Ali, Ayaan — Infidel: My Life — 2007 - **Citation:** Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Infidel: My Life. Basic Books, 2007. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hirsi Ali, Ayaan — Nomad: From Islam to America—A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations — 2010 - **Citation:** Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Nomad: From Islam to America—A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations. Free Press, 2010. - **Publication:** Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hirsi Ali, Ayaan — Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights — 2021 - **Citation:** Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights. Harper, 2021. - **Publication:** Harper - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hirsi Ali, Ayaan — The caged virgin: An emancipation proclamation for women and Islam — 2002 - **Citation:** Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. The caged virgin: An emancipation proclamation for women and Islam. Free Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Holiday, Billie — Lady Sings the Blues — 1956 - **Citation:** Holiday, Billie. Lady Sings the Blues. Doubleday, 1956. - **Publication:** Doubleday - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hudson, Peter James — Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness — 2018 - **Citation:** Hudson, Peter James. "Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness." Historical Materialism, vol. 26, no. 2, 2018, https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/article/afro-pessimism-and-unlogic-anti-blackness/. - **Publication:** Historical Materialism, vol. 26, no. 2 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/article/afro-pessimism-and-unlogic-anti-blackness/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — A Better Anti-Racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "A Better Anti-Racism." Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/a-better-anti-racism. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/a-better-anti-racism - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — A Tale of Two Columbia Classes — 2018 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "A Tale of Two Columbia Classes." Heterodox: The Blog, 2018, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/a-tale-of-two-columbia-classes/. - **Publication:** Heterodox: The Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/a-tale-of-two-columbia-classes/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate." The University of Chicago Law Review Online, 2020, https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/10/30/aa-hughes/. - **Publication:** The University of Chicago Law Review Online - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/10/30/aa-hughes/ - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions — 2019 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions." The Mill Series at Lafayette College, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6orCV4I7jjU. - **Publication:** The Mill Series at Lafayette College - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6orCV4I7jjU - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap — 2018 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/07/19/black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2018/07/19/black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap/ - **Topics:** Victimhood, Wealth gap: see also Class - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Black Fragility? — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Black Fragility?" City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/article/black-fragility. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/article/black-fragility - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Black Lives Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Black Lives Matter." John Anderson, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxLJCXKT8MQ. - **Publication:** John Anderson - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxLJCXKT8MQ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — How to Be an Anti-Intellectual — 2019 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "How to Be an Anti-Intellectual." City Journal, 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/article/how-to-be-an-anti-intellectual. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/article/how-to-be-an-anti-intellectual - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — How to be an anti-intellectual: A lauded book about antiracism is wrong on its facts and in its assumptions — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "How to be an anti-intellectual: A lauded book about antiracism is wrong on its facts and in its assumptions." How to Be an Anti-Racist, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/how-to-be-an-antiracist. - **Publication:** How to Be an Anti-Racist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/how-to-be-an-antiracist - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Is BLM right? — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Is BLM right?" Conversations with Coleman, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wt95ct2gISA&t=302s. - **Publication:** Conversations with Coleman - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wt95ct2gISA&t=302s - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Misreading the Minimum Wage—and Race — 2018 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Misreading the Minimum Wage—and Race." City Journal, 2018, https://www.city-journal.org/html/misreading-minimum-wage-and-race-16127.html. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/html/misreading-minimum-wage-and-race-16127.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Reflections on Intersectionality — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Reflections on Intersectionality." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/01/14/reflections-on-intersectionality/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2020/01/14/reflections-on-intersectionality/ - **Topics:** Intersectionality - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police." Boston Globe, 2020, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/26/opinion/reforming-policing-must-involve-perspectives-police/. - **Publication:** Boston Globe - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/26/opinion/reforming-policing-must-involve-perspectives-police/ - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/reflections-on-race-riots-and-police. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/reflections-on-race-riots-and-police - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — Straight Talk on Racism with Wilfred Reilly — 2024 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "Straight Talk on Racism with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5WsPWvF7vE. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5WsPWvF7vE - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — The Case for Black Optimism — 2019 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/ - **Topics:** Afropessimism, Black America, state of, Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Wealth gap: see also Class - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — The High Price of Stale Grievances — 2018 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "The High Price of Stale Grievances." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/06/05/high-price-stale-grievances/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2018/06/05/high-price-stale-grievances/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — The moral case against Black Lives Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "The moral case against Black Lives Matter." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/thepost/coleman-hughes-the-moral-case-against-blm/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/thepost/coleman-hughes-the-moral-case-against-blm/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — The Nonconformist — 2020 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "The Nonconformist." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/thomas-sowell-race-poverty-culture. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/thomas-sowell-race-poverty-culture - **Topics:** Economics - **Citation status:** complete ### Hughes, Coleman — The Racism Treadmill — 2018 - **Citation:** Hughes, Coleman. "The Racism Treadmill." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/05/14/the-racism-treadmill/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2018/05/14/the-racism-treadmill/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — How It Feels To Be Colored Me, — 1928 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. "How It Feels To Be Colored Me,." World Tomorrow, 1928, http://www.stephenhicks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HurstonZ-How-It-Feels-to-Be-Colored-Me.pdf. - **Publication:** World Tomorrow - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.stephenhicks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HurstonZ-How-It-Feels-to-Be-Colored-Me.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — I have been in Sorrow's kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and a sword in my hands — 1942 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. I have been in Sorrow's kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and a sword in my hands. Dust Tracks on the Road, 1942. - **Publication:** Dust Tracks on the Road - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — Jonah's Gourd Vine — 1933 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. Jonah's Gourd Vine. 1933. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — Moses, Man of the Mountain — 1939 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. Moses, Man of the Mountain. 1939. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — Mules and Men — 1935 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men. 1935. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — Seraph On The Suwanee — 1948 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. Seraph On The Suwanee. 1948. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica — 1938 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica. 1938. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — The Complete Stories — 1995 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. The Complete Stories. HarperCollins, 1995. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hurston, Zora Neale — THeir Eyes Were Watching God — 1937 - **Citation:** Hurston, Zora Neale. THeir Eyes Were Watching God. J. B. Lippincott & Co, 1937. - **Publication:** J. B. Lippincott & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hutchinson, Ishion — Far District: Poems — 2010 - **Citation:** Hutchinson, Ishion. Far District: Poems. Peepal Tree Press Ltd, 2010. - **Publication:** Peepal Tree Press Ltd - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hutchinson, Ishion — House of Lords and Commons — 2017 - **Citation:** Hutchinson, Ishion. House of Lords and Commons. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. - **Publication:** Farrar, Straus and Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hutchinson, Ishion — The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again — 2019 - **Citation:** Hutchinson, Ishion. The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again. Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts, 2019. - **Publication:** Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Hutchinson, Ishion — The Garden — 2015 - **Citation:** Hutchinson, Ishion. The Garden. 2015, https://apps.apple.com/us/app/garden-by-ishion-hutchinson/id727332815. - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://apps.apple.com/us/app/garden-by-ishion-hutchinson/id727332815 - **Citation status:** complete ### Ian V. Rowe — How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator — 2025 - **Citation:** Ian V. Rowe. "How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Ian V. Rowe — What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech — 2025 - **Citation:** Ian V. Rowe. "What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-free. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-free - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Igbafe, Philip A — Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 — 1975 - **Citation:** Igbafe, Philip A. "Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945." Journal of African History, 1975, https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474. - **Publication:** Journal of African History - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474 - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Ilana Redstone, Ellie Avishai, and Christina LaRose — The Mill Center Turns Down the Heat on Controversial Topics — 2022 - **Citation:** Ilana Redstone, Ellie Avishai, and Christina LaRose. "The Mill Center Turns Down the Heat on Controversial Topics." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-mill-center-turns-down-the-heat. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-mill-center-turns-down-the-heat - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Ildi Tillmann — From Hungary to Haiti: Unique Histories, Universal Stories — 2021 - **Citation:** Ildi Tillmann. "From Hungary to Haiti: Unique Histories, Universal Stories." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-hungary-to-haiti-unique-histories. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-hungary-to-haiti-unique-histories - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Ildi Tillmann — Knowledge, Art, and the Musical World of Elio Villafranca — 2022 - **Citation:** Ildi Tillmann. "Knowledge, Art, and the Musical World of Elio Villafranca." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/knowledge-art-and-the-musical-world. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/knowledge-art-and-the-musical-world - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Ildi Tillmann — Three days in March — 2024 - **Citation:** Ildi Tillmann. "Three days in March." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/three-days-in-march. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/three-days-in-march - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — 2020: the year racial identity took over — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "2020: the year racial identity took over." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/12/27/2020-the-year-racial-identity-took-over/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/12/27/2020-the-year-racial-identity-took-over/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — For the sake of free thought and civilised debate, Rhodes Must Not Fall — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "For the sake of free thought and civilised debate, Rhodes Must Not Fall." The Telegraph, 2020, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/06/09/sake-free-thought-civilised-debate-rhodes-must-not-fall/. - **Publication:** The Telegraph - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/06/09/sake-free-thought-civilised-debate-rhodes-must-not-fall/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — Free speech can be complex and messy – that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t fight for it — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Free speech can be complex and messy – that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t fight for it." Free Market Conservatives, 2020, https://freemarketconservatives.org/free-speech-can-be-complex-and-messy-that-doesnt-mean-we-shouldnt-fight-for-it/. - **Publication:** Free Market Conservatives - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freemarketconservatives.org/free-speech-can-be-complex-and-messy-that-doesnt-mean-we-shouldnt-fight-for-it/ - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/16/in-defence-of-colourblindness/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/16/in-defence-of-colourblindness/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — Inaya Folarin Iman articles — n.d. - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Inaya Folarin Iman articles." Inaya Folarin Iman, n.d., https://inayafolarin.com/category/articles/. - **Publication:** Inaya Folarin Iman - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://inayafolarin.com/category/articles/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — Inaya Folarin Iman media appearances — n.d. - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Inaya Folarin Iman media appearances." Inaya Folarin Iman, n.d., https://inayafolarin.com/in-the-media/. - **Publication:** Inaya Folarin Iman - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://inayafolarin.com/in-the-media/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — Inaya Folarin Iman official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Inaya Folarin Iman official website." Inaya Folarin Iman, n.d., https://inayafolarin.com/. - **Publication:** Inaya Folarin Iman - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://inayafolarin.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate — 2019 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/16/the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-debate/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/16/the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-debate/ - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough — 2022 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough." Telegraph, 2022, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/03/collapse-diversity-industry-cant-come-soon/. - **Publication:** Telegraph - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/03/collapse-diversity-industry-cant-come-soon/ - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/26/the-grim-re-emergence-of-white-identity-politics/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/26/the-grim-re-emergence-of-white-identity-politics/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/08/these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/08/these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/10/unconscious-bias-tells-us-nothing-about-racism/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/10/unconscious-bias-tells-us-nothing-about-racism/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race." Αreo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/08/05/we-cant-just-oppose-racism-we-must-transcend-race/. - **Publication:** Αreo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2020/08/05/we-cant-just-oppose-racism-we-must-transcend-race/ - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it — 2020 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/08/04/we-need-to-abolish-race/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/08/04/we-need-to-abolish-race/ - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Iman, Inaya Folarin — What Does Being ‘Black’ Mean to You? — 2017 - **Citation:** Iman, Inaya Folarin. "What Does Being ‘Black’ Mean to You?" The Gryphon, 2017, https://www.thegryphon.co.uk/2017/10/13/what-does-being-black-mean-to-you/. - **Publication:** The Gryphon - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thegryphon.co.uk/2017/10/13/what-does-being-black-mean-to-you/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Independent Truths Podcast — Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong — 2023 - **Citation:** Independent Truths Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8yz3Qi3udA&t=1s. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8yz3Qi3udA&t=1s - **Citation status:** complete ### Isaac J. Bailey — On Black “Privilege” — 2025 - **Citation:** Isaac J. Bailey. "On Black “Privilege”." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-black-privilege. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-black-privilege - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Jackson, Mitchel S — Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family — 2019 - **Citation:** Jackson, Mitchel S. Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family. Scribner, 2019. - **Publication:** Scribner - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Jackson, Oneita — Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century — 2019 - **Citation:** Jackson, Oneita. Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century. Antigravity, 2019. - **Publication:** Antigravity - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Jacob L. Mackey — The Omni-American Tradition: An Affirmative Alternative to Resentment — 2026 - **Citation:** Jacob L. Mackey. "The Omni-American Tradition: An Affirmative Alternative to Resentment." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-omni-american-tradition-an-affirmative-alternative-to-resentment/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-omni-american-tradition-an-affirmative-alternative-to-resentment/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Jacob L. Mackey — What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July? — 2023 - **Citation:** Jacob L. Mackey. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jake Mackey — What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July? — 2024 - **Citation:** Jake Mackey. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### James, C. L. R. — The Black Jacobins — 1938 - **Citation:** James, C. L. R. The Black Jacobins. 1938. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Cyril Lionel Robert — Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences, — 1969 - **Citation:** James, Cyril Lionel Robert. "Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences,." The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 1969. - **Publication:** The Journal of Commonwealth Literature - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Cyril Lionel Robert — Minty Alley — 1936 - **Citation:** James, Cyril Lionel Robert. Minty Alley. London: Secker & Warburg, 1936. - **Publication:** London: Secker & Warburg - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Darius — Froggie Chocolate's Christmas Eve / Froggie Chocolates Weihnachtsabend — 2003 - **Citation:** James, Darius. Froggie Chocolate's Christmas Eve / Froggie Chocolates Weihnachtsabend. 2003. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Darius — Negrophobia: An Urban Parable — 1992 - **Citation:** James, Darius. Negrophobia: An Urban Parable. Citadel Press, 1992. - **Publication:** Citadel Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Darius — That's Blaxploitation: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All'Whyte Jury) — 1995 - **Citation:** James, Darius. That's Blaxploitation: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All'Whyte Jury). St. Martin's Press, 1995. - **Publication:** St. Martin's Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Darius — Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays — 2004 - **Citation:** James, Darius. Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays. 2004. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Kay Coles — Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It’s a Teachable Moment, America — 2019 - **Citation:** James, Kay Coles. "Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It’s a Teachable Moment, America." Heritage Foundation, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/the-constitution/commentary/constitution-day-not-just-another-tuesday-its-teachable-moment-america. - **Publication:** Heritage Foundation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.heritage.org/the-constitution/commentary/constitution-day-not-just-another-tuesday-its-teachable-moment-america - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Kay Coles — Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement — 2020 - **Citation:** James, Kay Coles. "Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement." Heritage Foundation, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/civil-rights/commentary/why-conservatives-should-be-leading-the-civil-rights-movement. - **Publication:** Heritage Foundation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.heritage.org/civil-rights/commentary/why-conservatives-should-be-leading-the-civil-rights-movement - **Citation status:** complete ### James, Winston A — The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799-1851 — 2010 - **Citation:** James, Winston A. The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799-1851. New York University Press, 2010. - **Publication:** New York University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Jamie Mustard — The Lost Children of Scientology — 2025 - **Citation:** Jamie Mustard. "The Lost Children of Scientology." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-lost-children-of-scientology. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-lost-children-of-scientology - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Jamie Mustard and Francesca Filomena — HYBRED: A Graphic Novel — 2025 - **Citation:** Jamie Mustard and Francesca Filomena. "HYBRED: A Graphic Novel." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hybred-a-graphic-novel. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hybred-a-graphic-novel - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) — A Companion to African American Literature — 2010 - **Citation:** Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). A Companion to African American Literature. Wiley Blackwell, 2010. - **Publication:** Wiley Blackwell - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) — African American Literature beyond Race An Alternative Reader — 2006 - **Citation:** Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). African American Literature beyond Race An Alternative Reader. NYU Press, 2006. - **Publication:** NYU Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) — Deans and Truants Race and Realism in African American Literature — 2007 - **Citation:** Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). Deans and Truants Race and Realism in African American Literature. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. - **Publication:** University of Pennsylvania Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) — Representing the Race A New Political History of African American Literature — 2011 - **Citation:** Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). Representing the Race A New Political History of African American Literature. NYU Press, 2011. - **Publication:** NYU Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) — The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature — 2014 - **Citation:** Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature. Wiley Blackwell, 2014. - **Publication:** Wiley Blackwell - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Jason Littlefield — Awakening A Spirit of Compassionate Rebellion — 2024 - **Citation:** Jason Littlefield. "Awakening A Spirit of Compassionate Rebellion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/awakening-a-spirit-of-compassionate. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/awakening-a-spirit-of-compassionate - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jason Littlefield — Beyond the Culture War — 2025 - **Citation:** Jason Littlefield. "Beyond the Culture War." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/beyond-the-culture-war. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/beyond-the-culture-war - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Jason Littlefield — Introduction to Empowered Humanity Theory — 2023 - **Citation:** Jason Littlefield. "Introduction to Empowered Humanity Theory." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/introduction-to-empowered-humanity. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/introduction-to-empowered-humanity - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Jason Littlefield — Who Invited Me to the Cookout? — 2022 - **Citation:** Jason Littlefield. "Who Invited Me to the Cookout?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/who-invited-me-to-the-cookout. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/who-invited-me-to-the-cookout - **Topics:** Patriotism, Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Jason Littlefield and Erec Smith — Social Emotional Learning — 2022 - **Citation:** Jason Littlefield and Erec Smith. "Social Emotional Learning." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/social-emotional-learning. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/social-emotional-learning - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Jazz Leadership Project — Tune Into Leadership — 2023 - **Citation:** Jazz Leadership Project. "Tune Into Leadership." Tune Into Leadership, 2023, https://www.tuneintoleadership.com. - **Publication:** Tune Into Leadership - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tuneintoleadership.com - **Citation status:** complete ### Jefferson, Hakeem — The Curious Case of Black Conservatives: Construct Validity and the 7-Point Liberal-Conservative Scale — 2020 - **Citation:** Jefferson, Hakeem. "The Curious Case of Black Conservatives: Construct Validity and the 7-Point Liberal-Conservative Scale." Working paper, 2020, https://www.dropbox.com/s/rh33nhu5m55e01k/Curious%20Case%20of%20Black%20Conservatives Short.pdf. - **Publication:** Working paper - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dropbox.com/s/rh33nhu5m55e01k/Curious%20Case%20of%20Black%20Conservatives Short.pdf - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jeffrey Peoples — The Donkey In The Room — 2023 - **Citation:** Jeffrey Peoples. "The Donkey In The Room." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-donkey-in-the-room. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-donkey-in-the-room - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Jennifer Richmond — American Heroes, 1: Blanche Kelso Bruce — 2025 - **Citation:** Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 1: Blanche Kelso Bruce." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-1-blanche-kelso-bruce - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Jennifer Richmond — American Heroes, 2: Hallie Quinn Brown — 2025 - **Citation:** Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 2: Hallie Quinn Brown." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-2-hallie-quinn-brown. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-2-hallie-quinn-brown - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Education & Schools, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jennifer Richmond — American Heroes, 3: Isaac Sanders Payne IV — 2025 - **Citation:** Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 3: Isaac Sanders Payne IV." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-3-isaac-sanders-payne. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-3-isaac-sanders-payne - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Jennifer Richmond — American Heroes, 4: Sgt. William H. Carney — 2025 - **Citation:** Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 4: Sgt. William H. Carney." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-4-sgt-william-h-carney. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-4-sgt-william-h-carney - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Jennifer Richmond — American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement — 2025 - **Citation:** Jennifer Richmond. "American Heroes, 5: The Niagara Movement." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-5-the-niagara-movement - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Jewel Kinch-Thomas — Radical Grace — 2022 - **Citation:** Jewel Kinch-Thomas. "Radical Grace." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/radical-grace. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/radical-grace - **Topics:** Race, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Jivani, Jamil — A Land Without Charters: The Experience of a Toronto Low-Income Neighborhood Underscores the Importance of School Choice — 2019 - **Citation:** Jivani, Jamil. "A Land Without Charters: The Experience of a Toronto Low-Income Neighborhood Underscores the Importance of School Choice." City Journal, 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/importance-of-school-choice-toronto. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/importance-of-school-choice-toronto - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Jivani, Jamil — Progressive Stereotypes Hurt Black Communities — 2022 - **Citation:** Jivani, Jamil. "Progressive Stereotypes Hurt Black Communities." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/progressive-stereotypes-hurt-black. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/progressive-stereotypes-hurt-black - **Topics:** Police, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jivani, Jamil — Stigmatize Gang Culture: We won’t get the law enforcement that we want until we have less violent communities, — 2020 - **Citation:** Jivani, Jamil. "Stigmatize Gang Culture: We won’t get the law enforcement that we want until we have less violent communities,." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/gang-violence. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/gang-violence - **Citation status:** complete ### Jivani, Jamil — Why Young Men: The Dangerous Allure of Violent Movements and What We Can Do About It — 2019 - **Citation:** Jivani, Jamil. Why Young Men: The Dangerous Allure of Violent Movements and What We Can Do About It. All Points Books, 2019. - **Publication:** All Points Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Joe Garza — What We Can Learn from Jimi Hendrix About Race — 2023 - **Citation:** Joe Garza. "What We Can Learn from Jimi Hendrix About Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-can-learn-from-jimi-hendrix. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-can-learn-from-jimi-hendrix - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Joe Nalven — Identity, from Kafka to Ellison to AI — 2026 - **Citation:** Joe Nalven. "Identity, from Kafka to Ellison to AI." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/identity-from-kafka-to-ellison-to. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/identity-from-kafka-to-ellison-to - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Joel Dinerstein — Albert Murray, The Blues Existentialist — 2026 - **Citation:** Joel Dinerstein. "Albert Murray, The Blues Existentialist." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-the-blues-existentialist/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-the-blues-existentialist/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Johann Anwar Ryan Smith — Stolen Land? It’s All Stolen Land — 2025 - **Citation:** Johann Anwar Ryan Smith. "Stolen Land? It’s All Stolen Land." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/stolen-land-its-all-stolen-land. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/stolen-land-its-all-stolen-land - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Johann Anwar Ryan Smith — The Southern Border — 2023 - **Citation:** Johann Anwar Ryan Smith. "The Southern Border." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-southern-border. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-southern-border - **Topics:** Immigration - **Citation status:** complete ### John Albert Washington — The Truth Is in the Mirror — 2026 - **Citation:** John Albert Washington. "The Truth Is in the Mirror." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-truth-is-in-the-mirror. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-truth-is-in-the-mirror - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### John Albert Washington — The Vote My Grandfather Never Had — 2026 - **Citation:** John Albert Washington. "The Vote My Grandfather Never Had." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had - **Topics:** Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### John O’Hara — Blackness with a Capital B? Or Can Everybody Be a Star? — 2021 - **Citation:** John O’Hara. "Blackness with a Capital B? Or Can Everybody Be a Star?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blackness-with-a-capital-b-or-can. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blackness-with-a-capital-b-or-can - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### John Shelton Reed — Seeing the South: From Both Sides and Neither — 2026 - **Citation:** John Shelton Reed. "Seeing the South: From Both Sides and Neither." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/seeing-the-south-from-both-sides-and-neither/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/seeing-the-south-from-both-sides-and-neither/ - **Citation status:** complete ### John Wood, Jr., and Andrew Gutmann — Woke or Still Dreaming? A Dialogue on MLK's "Dream" Speech, Social Justice Ideology, and the Future of Liberalism — 2021 - **Citation:** John Wood, Jr., and Andrew Gutmann. "Woke or Still Dreaming? A Dialogue on MLK's "Dream" Speech, Social Justice Ideology, and the Future of Liberalism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/woke-or-still-dreaming-a-dialogue. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/woke-or-still-dreaming-a-dialogue - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency — 2019 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency." Jacobin, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/02/black-lives-matter-power-politics-cedric-johnson. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobinmag.com/2019/02/black-lives-matter-power-politics-cedric-johnson - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — Coming to Terms with Actually-Existing Black Life — 2019 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "Coming to Terms with Actually-Existing Black Life." New Politics, 2019, https://newpol.org/coming-to-terms-with-actually-existing-black-life/. - **Publication:** New Politics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newpol.org/coming-to-terms-with-actually-existing-black-life/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — Don’t Let Blackwashing Save the Investor Class — 2020 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "Don’t Let Blackwashing Save the Investor Class." Jacobin, 2020, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/06/blackwashing-corporations-woke-capitalism-protests. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/06/blackwashing-corporations-woke-capitalism-protests - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — Revolutionaries to Race Leaders: Black Power and the Making of African American Politics — 2007 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. Revolutionaries to Race Leaders: Black Power and the Making of African American Politics. University of Minnesota Press, 2007. - **Publication:** University of Minnesota Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — The Neoliberal Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, Late Capitalism and the Remaking of New Orleans — 2011 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. The Neoliberal Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, Late Capitalism and the Remaking of New Orleans. University of Minnesota Press, 2011. - **Publication:** University of Minnesota Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — The Panthers Can’t Save Us Now — 2017 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "The Panthers Can’t Save Us Now." Catalyst, 2017, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no1/panthers-cant-save-us-cedric-johnson. - **Publication:** Catalyst - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no1/panthers-cant-save-us-cedric-johnson - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption — 2020 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption." Nonsite, 2020, https://nonsite.org/editorial/the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption. - **Publication:** Nonsite - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/editorial/the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need — 2019 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need." Nonsite.org, 2019, https://nonsite.org/the-wages-of-roediger-why-three-decades-of-whiteness-studies-has-not-produced-the-left-we-need/. - **Publication:** Nonsite.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/the-wages-of-roediger-why-three-decades-of-whiteness-studies-has-not-produced-the-left-we-need/ - **Topics:** Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Cedric — What Black Life Actually Looks Like — 2019 - **Citation:** Johnson, Cedric. "What Black Life Actually Looks Like." Jacobin, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/04/racism-black-lives-matter-inequality. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobinmag.com/2019/04/racism-black-lives-matter-inequality - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, James Weldon — The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man — 1912 - **Citation:** Johnson, James Weldon. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Boston, Massachusetts: Sherman, French, and Co, 1912. - **Publication:** Boston, Massachusetts: Sherman, French, and Co - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Manning Rudolph — Color, Communism and Common Sense — 1958 - **Citation:** Johnson, Manning Rudolph. Color, Communism and Common Sense. Alliance Press, 1958, http://campconstitution.net/files/2020/Color,%20Communism,%20and%20Common%20Sense.PDF. - **Publication:** Alliance Press - **Genre:** book - **URL:** http://campconstitution.net/files/2020/Color,%20Communism,%20and%20Common%20Sense.PDF - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Rob — Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero — 2018 - **Citation:** Johnson, Rob. "Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero." Institute for New Economic Thinking, 2018, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenient-hero. - **Publication:** Institute for New Economic Thinking - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenient-hero - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Theodore, R — Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party? — 2022 - **Citation:** Johnson, Theodore, R. "Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party?" The Bulwark, 2022, https://www.thebulwark.com/are-black-voters-really-leaving-the-democratic-party/. - **Publication:** The Bulwark - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thebulwark.com/are-black-voters-really-leaving-the-democratic-party/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Johnson, Theodore, R — Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse? — 2016 - **Citation:** Johnson, Theodore, R. "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/28/can-trump-win-black-votes-what-we-know-from-5-decades-of-black-voting-data/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/28/can-trump-win-black-votes-what-we-know-from-5-decades-of-black-voting-data/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jonathan Rieder — Gospel of Freedom Martin Luther King, Jr. s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle That Changed a Nation-Bloomsbury Press (2013) — 2013 - **Citation:** Jonathan Rieder. Gospel of Freedom Martin Luther King, Jr. s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle That Changed a Nation-Bloomsbury Press (2013). 2013. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Clarence B. — Letter on California’s Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum — 2021 - **Citation:** Jones, Clarence B. "Letter on California’s Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2021, https://www.calethstudies.org/aces-resourcedocs/clarence-jones-letter. - **Publication:** Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.calethstudies.org/aces-resourcedocs/clarence-jones-letter - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Education & Schools, Politics & Activism, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Clarence B., Dr — Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation — 2011 - **Citation:** Jones, Clarence B., Dr. Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation. Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011. - **Publication:** Palgrave-Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Clarence B., Dr — California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr. — 2021 - **Citation:** Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html. - **Publication:** World Socialist Web Site - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Education & Schools, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Clarence B., Dr — Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC) — 2021 - **Citation:** Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC)." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2021, https://www.calethstudies.org/aces-resourcedocs/clarence-jones-letter. - **Publication:** Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.calethstudies.org/aces-resourcedocs/clarence-jones-letter - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Clarence B., Dr — What Would Martin Say? — 2008 - **Citation:** Jones, Clarence B., Dr. What Would Martin Say? HarperCollins, 2008. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Edward P — The Known World — 2003 - **Citation:** Jones, Edward P. The Known World. Amistad, 2003. - **Publication:** Amistad - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Jones, Janelle — 50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality — 2018 - **Citation:** Jones, Janelle. "50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality." Economic Policy Institute Report, 2018, https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/. - **Publication:** Economic Policy Institute Report - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/ - **Topics:** Black America, state of - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — ABRIDGED: Six Unsettling Features of DEI in K-12 — 2022 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "ABRIDGED: Six Unsettling Features of DEI in K-12." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/abridged-six-unsettling-features. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/abridged-six-unsettling-features - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — Introducing the Journal of Free Black Thought — 2021 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "Introducing the Journal of Free Black Thought." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/coming-soon. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/coming-soon - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — New Documentary: "The Poisoning of the American Mind" — 2024 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "New Documentary: "The Poisoning of the American Mind"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-documentary-the-poisoning-of. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-documentary-the-poisoning-of - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — Six Unsettling Features of DEI in K-12 — 2022 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "Six Unsettling Features of DEI in K-12." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/six-unsettling-features-of-dei-in. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/six-unsettling-features-of-dei-in - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — Travis McMichael Pulled the Trigger — 2021 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "Travis McMichael Pulled the Trigger." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/travis-mcmichael-pulled-the-trigger. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/travis-mcmichael-pulled-the-trigger - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Journal of Free Black Thought — Why Did Critical Race Theory Emerge from Legal Studies? — 2021 - **Citation:** Journal of Free Black Thought. "Why Did Critical Race Theory Emerge from Legal Studies?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-critical-race-theory-emerge. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-critical-race-theory-emerge - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Jukka Savolainen — Black Like the Ivory Tower — 2024 - **Citation:** Jukka Savolainen. "Black Like the Ivory Tower." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-like-the-ivory-tower. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-like-the-ivory-tower - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Jukka Savolainen — How Cringe Stole My Christmas — 2025 - **Citation:** Jukka Savolainen. "How Cringe Stole My Christmas." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-cringe-stole-my-christmas. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-cringe-stole-my-christmas - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Julian Adorney — Robin DiAngelo Thinks Society Will Never Improve — 2023 - **Citation:** Julian Adorney. "Robin DiAngelo Thinks Society Will Never Improve." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/robin-diangelo-thinks-society-will. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/robin-diangelo-thinks-society-will - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising — 2016 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/considering-history-african-american-libertarianism-not-surprising. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/considering-history-african-american-libertarianism-not-surprising - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — Bernie Sanders And Fraud Humanitarianism — 2016 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "Bernie Sanders And Fraud Humanitarianism." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/bernie-bots-and-their-fraud-humanitarianism/. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/bernie-bots-and-their-fraud-humanitarianism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — Eric July Vlog - **Citation:** July, Eric. "Eric July Vlog." Eric D. July, https://www.ericdjuly.com/vlogs. - **Publication:** Eric D. July - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.ericdjuly.com/vlogs - **Citation status:** incomplete ### July, Eric — Fellow AnCaps: We Suck At Marketing Anarcho-Capitalism — 2016 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "Fellow AnCaps: We Suck At Marketing Anarcho-Capitalism." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/fellow-ancaps-we-suck-at-marketing-anarcho-capitalism/. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/fellow-ancaps-we-suck-at-marketing-anarcho-capitalism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is A Bad Strategy — 2016 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is A Bad Strategy." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/flag-burning-right-bad-strategy/. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/flag-burning-right-bad-strategy/ - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — Hoppe’s Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right — 2017 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "Hoppe’s Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right." Being Libertarian, 2017, https://beinglibertarian.com/hoppes-speech-libertarianism-alt-right/. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/hoppes-speech-libertarianism-alt-right/ - **Citation status:** complete ### July, Eric — The Libertarian Movement Needs The Anarcho-Capitalist Faction — 2016 - **Citation:** July, Eric. "The Libertarian Movement Needs The Anarcho-Capitalist Faction." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/libertarian-movement-anarcho-capitalist/. - **Publication:** Being Libertarian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://beinglibertarian.com/libertarian-movement-anarcho-capitalist/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Juneteenth — Juneteenth 2023 at Carnegie Hall — 2023 - **Citation:** Juneteenth. "Juneteenth 2023 at Carnegie Hall." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/juneteenth-2023-at-carnegie-hall. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/juneteenth-2023-at-carnegie-hall - **Topics:** Juneteenth - **Citation status:** complete ### Jurisprudence — Don't Enshrine Trigger Warnings in Tort Law — 2022 - **Citation:** Jurisprudence. "Don't Enshrine Trigger Warnings in Tort Law." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dont-enshrine-trigger-warnings-in. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dont-enshrine-trigger-warnings-in - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Just Thinking Ministries — Just Thinking Ministries official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Just Thinking Ministries. "Just Thinking Ministries official website." Just Thinking Ministries, n.d., https://justthinking.me/. - **Publication:** Just Thinking Ministries - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://justthinking.me/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Justin Suran — Was American Slavery Unique? — 2023 - **Citation:** Justin Suran. "Was American Slavery Unique?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/was-american-slavery-unique. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/was-american-slavery-unique - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Karen Lehrman Bloch — A Jazz Concert Relives a Dream — 2026 - **Citation:** Karen Lehrman Bloch. "A Jazz Concert Relives a Dream." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-jazz-concert-relives-a-dream/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/a-jazz-concert-relives-a-dream/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Karys Rhea — "America First" Divided — 2025 - **Citation:** Karys Rhea. ""America First" Divided." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/america-first-divided. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/america-first-divided - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Abomunist Manifesto — 1958 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Abomunist Manifesto. City Lights, 1958. - **Publication:** City Lights - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman — 2019 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman. City Lights, 2019. - **Publication:** City Lights - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman — 1996 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman. Coffee House Press, 1996. - **Publication:** Coffee House Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Does the Secret Mind Whisper? — 1959 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Does the Secret Mind Whisper? City Lights, 1959. - **Publication:** City Lights - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Golden Sardine — 1967 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Golden Sardine. City Lights, 1967. - **Publication:** City Lights - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Second April — 1958 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Second April. City Lights, 1958. - **Publication:** City Lights - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness — 1965 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness. New Directions, 1965. - **Publication:** New Directions - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Bob — The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978 — 1981 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Bob. The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978. New Directions, 1981. - **Publication:** New Directions - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kaufman, Scott Barry, host, and Ayishat Akanbi, guest — Keeping It Real with Ayishat Akanbi — 2020 - **Citation:** Kaufman, Scott Barry, host, and Ayishat Akanbi, guest. "Keeping It Real with Ayishat Akanbi." The Psychology Podcast, 2020, https://scottbarrykaufman.com/podcast/keeping-it-real-with-ayishat-akanbi/. - **Publication:** The Psychology Podcast - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://scottbarrykaufman.com/podcast/keeping-it-real-with-ayishat-akanbi/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Kayla Katin — Daniel Penny Is A Hero — 2024 - **Citation:** Kayla Katin. "Daniel Penny Is A Hero." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/daniel-penny-is-a-hero. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/daniel-penny-is-a-hero - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Keese, Andrew — New Beginnings (Fall 2009, Volume 1, Issue 1) — 2009 - **Citation:** Keese, Andrew. "New Beginnings (Fall 2009, Volume 1, Issue 1)." Journal of South Texas English Studies, 2009, https://southtexasenglish.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-beginnings-volume-1-issue-1.html. - **Publication:** Journal of South Texas English Studies - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://southtexasenglish.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-beginnings-volume-1-issue-1.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Kelley, Norman — Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music — 2005 - **Citation:** Kelley, Norman. Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music. Akashic Books, 2005. - **Publication:** Akashic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kelley, Norman — The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics — 2004 - **Citation:** Kelley, Norman. The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics. Nation Books, 2004. - **Publication:** Nation Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — A Declaration of Revival and Redemption — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "A Declaration of Revival and Redemption." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-declaration-of-revival-and-redemption. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-declaration-of-revival-and-redemption - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — A Generation Lost...That Can Still Be Found — 2026 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "A Generation Lost..That Can Still Be Found." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-generation-lostthat-can-still-be. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-generation-lostthat-can-still-be - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — A Movement for Revival and Restoration — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "A Movement for Revival and Restoration." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-movement-for-revival-and-restoration. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-movement-for-revival-and-restoration - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — Amazing Grace — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "Amazing Grace." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/amazing-grace. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/amazing-grace - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Religion, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens — 2026 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-americans-are-not-hyphenated. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-americans-are-not-hyphenated - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-message-transcended. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-message-transcended - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — Resurrect the Family — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "Resurrect the Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/resurrect-the-family. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/resurrect-the-family - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — The Cincinnati Beat-Down — 2025 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "The Cincinnati Beat-Down." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cincinnati-beat-down. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cincinnati-beat-down - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight — 2024 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Kendall Qualls — We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition — 2026 - **Citation:** Kendall Qualls. "We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-must-return-to-the-classical-black. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-must-return-to-the-classical-black - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, John F — Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial — 1962 - **Citation:** Kennedy, John F. "Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial." The American Presidency Project, 1962, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3511-emancipation-proclamation-centennial. - **Publication:** The American Presidency Project - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3511-emancipation-proclamation-centennial - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall — Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom? — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall. "Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom?" Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall — Mandatory DEI Statements Are Ideological Pledges of Allegiance — 2024 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall. "Mandatory DEI Statements Are Ideological Pledges of Allegiance." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/mandatory-dei-statements-are-ideological. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/mandatory-dei-statements-are-ideological - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall — The Race Question and Freedom of Expression — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall. "The Race Question and Freedom of Expression." LeFrak Forum's 31st Annual Program: Freedom of Speech and Intellectual Diversity on Campus, 2021, https://youtu.be/LniIR4hKFOw. - **Publication:** LeFrak Forum's 31st Annual Program: Freedom of Speech and Intellectual Diversity on Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://youtu.be/LniIR4hKFOw - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall — Why We Need Good Police — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall. "Why We Need Good Police." Dissent, 2021, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/why-we-need-good-police. - **Publication:** Dissent - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/why-we-need-good-police - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Derrick Bell and Me — 2019 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Derrick Bell and Me." Harvard Public Law Working Paper, 2019. - **Publication:** Harvard Public Law Working Paper - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law — 2013 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law. Penguin Random House, 2013. - **Publication:** Penguin Random House - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce — 2019 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce/. - **Publication:** The Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce/ - **Topics:** Academia, N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — How Racist Are Universities, Really? — 2020 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "How Racist Are Universities, Really?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2020, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-racist-are-universities-really. - **Publication:** The Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-racist-are-universities-really - **Topics:** Academia, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Interracial Intimacies: Sex, Marriage, Identity, and Adoption — 2003 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. Interracial Intimacies: Sex, Marriage, Identity, and Adoption. 2003. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom? — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom?" Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics — 2015 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics." Harper’s Magazine., 2015, https://harpers.org/archive/2015/10/lifting-as-we-climb/. - **Publication:** Harper’s Magazine. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/2015/10/lifting-as-we-climb/ - **Topics:** Respectability politics - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word — 2002 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. Pantheon Books – Vintage Books, 2002. - **Publication:** Pantheon Books – Vintage Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought." Heterodox: The Blog., 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/on-the-authority-of-experience-in-black-thought/. - **Publication:** Heterodox: The Blog. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/on-the-authority-of-experience-in-black-thought/ - **Topics:** Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Private Universities and the First Amendment? — 1994 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Private Universities and the First Amendment?" Chronicle of Higher Education., 1994, https://www.chronicle.com/article/private-universities-and-the-first-amendment/. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/private-universities-and-the-first-amendment/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Race, Crime, and the Law — 1998 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. Race, Crime, and the Law. 1998. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Racial Critiques of Legal Academia — 1989 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Racial Critiques of Legal Academia." Harvard Law Review, 1989, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kennedy-Racial-Critiques-of-Legal-Academia.pdf. - **Publication:** Harvard Law Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kennedy-Racial-Critiques-of-Legal-Academia.pdf - **Topics:** Academia, CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — Sellout: The Politics of Racial Betrayal — 2008 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. Sellout: The Politics of Racial Betrayal. 2008. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — The ebb and flow of racial progress — 2020 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "The ebb and flow of racial progress." Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, 2020, https://prospect.org/culture/books/the-ebb-and-flow-of-racial-progress/. - **Publication:** Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://prospect.org/culture/books/the-ebb-and-flow-of-racial-progress/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — The George Floyd Moment: Promise and Peril — 2020 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "The George Floyd Moment: Promise and Peril." The American Prospect, 2020, https://prospect.org/civil-rights/george-floyd-moment-promise-and-peril. - **Publication:** The American Prospect - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://prospect.org/civil-rights/george-floyd-moment-promise-and-peril - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond, — 2021 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond,." Capital University Law Review, 2021, https://www.capitallawreview.org/article/21653-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-andbeyond. - **Publication:** Capital University Law Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.capitallawreview.org/article/21653-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-andbeyond - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — The Persistence of the Color Line: Racial Politics and the Obama Presidency — 2011 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. The Persistence of the Color Line: Racial Politics and the Obama Presidency. 2011. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L — When a Dean Defends Harvey Weinstein — 2019 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "When a Dean Defends Harvey Weinstein." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/when-a-dean-defends-harvey-weinstein/. - **Publication:** The Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/when-a-dean-defends-harvey-weinstein/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Kennedy, Randall L. — Derrick Bell and Me — 2019 - **Citation:** Kennedy, Randall L. "Derrick Bell and Me." SSRN, 2019, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3350497. - **Publication:** SSRN - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3350497 - **Citation status:** complete ### Kevin Briggins — Is Systemic Racism a Thing of the Past? — 2026 - **Citation:** Kevin Briggins. "Is Systemic Racism a Thing of the Past?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/is-systemic-racism-a-thing-of-the. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/is-systemic-racism-a-thing-of-the - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Khadijah La Musa — On Leaving The Left and Finding My Center — 2024 - **Citation:** Khadijah La Musa. "On Leaving The Left and Finding My Center." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-leaving-the-left-and-finding-my. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-leaving-the-left-and-finding-my - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kilson, Martin — Political Change in a West African State — 1966 - **Citation:** Kilson, Martin. Political Change in a West African State. Harvard University Press, 1966. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Kilson, Martin — Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012 — 2014 - **Citation:** Kilson, Martin. Transformation of the African American Intelligentsia, 1880–2012. Harvard University Press, 2014. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Kimi Katiti — We Love ‘Lived Experience’...Until It Undermines the Narrative — 2022 - **Citation:** Kimi Katiti. "We Love ‘Lived Experience’..Until It Undermines the Narrative." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-love-lived-experienceuntil-it. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-love-lived-experienceuntil-it - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Kimi Katiti and Jacob L. Mackey — The B.E.S.T. Microaggression Training You’ve Never Heard Of, Part 2 — 2023 - **Citation:** Kimi Katiti and Jacob L. Mackey. "The B.E.S.T. Microaggression Training You’ve Never Heard Of, Part 2." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-best-microaggression-training-7e8. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-best-microaggression-training-7e8 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Kimi Katiti and Jake Mackey — The B.E.S.T. Microaggression Training You’ve Never Heard Of — 2023 - **Citation:** Kimi Katiti and Jake Mackey. "The B.E.S.T. Microaggression Training You’ve Never Heard Of." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-best-microaggression-training. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-best-microaggression-training - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — Brittany Talissa King author page — n.d. - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "Brittany Talissa King author page." Medium, n.d., https://brittanytalissaking.medium.com/. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://brittanytalissaking.medium.com/ - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist — 2021 - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist." Medium, 2021, https://brtking-7.medium.com/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racist-5a667ef3cf7d. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://brtking-7.medium.com/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racist-5a667ef3cf7d - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — Free Black Thought — 2020 - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "Free Black Thought." Tablet, 2020, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/dubois-washington-black-lives-matter. - **Publication:** Tablet - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/dubois-washington-black-lives-matter - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship — 2020 - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/iamnotyouhashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-b39e5d676f72. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://brtking-7.medium.com/iamnotyouhashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-b39e5d676f72 - **Topics:** Allyship - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — I’m Not Gonna Let You Finish, Kanye — 2020 - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "I’m Not Gonna Let You Finish, Kanye." The Daily Beast, 2020, https://www.thedailybeast.com/no-kanye-west-im-not-gonna-let-you-finish. - **Publication:** The Daily Beast - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thedailybeast.com/no-kanye-west-im-not-gonna-let-you-finish - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Brittany Talissa — The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought — 2020 - **Citation:** King, Brittany Talissa. "The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-4ccf2f3a880b. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://brtking-7.medium.com/the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-4ccf2f3a880b - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Martin Luther, Jr — Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address — 1962 - **Citation:** King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address." National Park Service, 1962, https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm. - **Publication:** National Park Service - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### King, Martin Luther, Jr — Letter from a Birmingham Jail — 1963 - **Citation:** King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." Grace Presbytery, 1963, https://www.gracepresbytery.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Letter-from-a-Birmingham-Jail-King.pdf. - **Publication:** Grace Presbytery - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.gracepresbytery.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Letter-from-a-Birmingham-Jail-King.pdf - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Kiros, Teodros — Towards the Construction of Political Action — n.d. - **Citation:** Kiros, Teodros. "Towards the Construction of Political Action." Compendium annotation, n.d. - **Publication:** Compendium annotation - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Kiyah Willis — Biden's SOTU struck the right tone... — 2023 - **Citation:** Kiyah Willis. "Biden's SOTU struck the right tone.." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/bidens-sotu-struck-the-right-tone. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/bidens-sotu-struck-the-right-tone - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kiyah Willis — I Am a MAGA Republican — 2022 - **Citation:** Kiyah Willis. "I Am a MAGA Republican." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-a-maga-republican. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-a-maga-republican - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kiyah Willis — Why I Left the Left — 2024 - **Citation:** Kiyah Willis. "Why I Left the Left." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-left-the-left. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-left-the-left - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Knight-Laurie, Rienard — A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree — 2025 - **Citation:** Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree - **Citation status:** complete ### Knight-Laurie, Rienard — How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage — 2024 - **Citation:** Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sabotage. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sabotage - **Topics:** Black Nationalism - **Citation status:** complete ### Knight-Laurie, Rienard — True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race — 2021 - **Citation:** Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-opinion-1653635. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-opinion-1653635 - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Knight-Laurie, Rienard — Turning the Page On Wokeness — 2022 - **Citation:** Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "Turning the Page On Wokeness." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/turning-the-page-on-wokeness. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/turning-the-page-on-wokeness - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kofi Montzka — "Teaching Hopelessness to Kids of Color" — 2023 - **Citation:** Kofi Montzka. ""Teaching Hopelessness to Kids of Color"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/teaching-hopelessness-to-kids-of. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/teaching-hopelessness-to-kids-of - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — How the Left betrayed the Truckers — 2022 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/02/how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers/ - **Topics:** Labor - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — Malcom Kyeyune author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "Malcom Kyeyune author page." Compact, n.d., https://compactmag.com/columnist/malcom-kyeyune. - **Publication:** Compact - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://compactmag.com/columnist/malcom-kyeyune - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left — 2020 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/on-strasserism-and-the-decay-of-the-left/. - **Publication:** The Bellows - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thebellows.org/on-strasserism-and-the-decay-of-the-left/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — The New Workers’ Movement — 2022 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "The New Workers’ Movement." Compact, 2022, https://compactmag.com/article/the-new-workers-movement. - **Publication:** Compact - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://compactmag.com/article/the-new-workers-movement - **Topics:** Labor - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — Wokeness as Elite Aspiration — 2021 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration." City Journal., 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-as-elite-aspiration. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-as-elite-aspiration - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism — 2022 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism." City Journal., 2022, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Kyeyune, Malcom — Would America Survive a Civil War? — 2021 - **Citation:** Kyeyune, Malcom. "Would America Survive a Civil War?" UnHerd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/11/would-america-survive-a-civil-war/. - **Publication:** UnHerd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/11/would-america-survive-a-civil-war/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Lee, Opal — Buster, — 2022 - **Citation:** Lee, Opal. "Buster,." Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/06/17/juneteenth-holidays-slavery-emancipation/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/06/17/juneteenth-holidays-slavery-emancipation/ - **Topics:** Juneteenth - **Citation status:** complete ### Legette, Willie — South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote' — 2020 - **Citation:** Legette, Willie. "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'." Common Dreams, 2020, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/04/south-carolina-neoliberalisms-stranglehold-and-mystique-black-vote. - **Publication:** Common Dreams - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/04/south-carolina-neoliberalisms-stranglehold-and-mystique-black-vote - **Citation status:** complete ### Legette, Willie — The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight — 2018 - **Citation:** Legette, Willie. "The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight." Nonsite.org, 2018, https://nonsite.org/the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics/. - **Publication:** Nonsite.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Leon Wieseltier — The Master of Melancholy — 2026 - **Citation:** Leon Wieseltier. "The Master of Melancholy." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-master-of-melancholy/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-master-of-melancholy/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue — 2020 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/british-and-american-black-experience-are-not-the-same/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/06/british-and-american-black-experience-are-not-the-same/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism' — 2018 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism'." Unherd, 2018, https://unherd.com/2018/10/clr-james-rejected-posturing-identity-politics/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2018/10/clr-james-rejected-posturing-identity-politics/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Ilhan Omar: part progressive, part ethno-nationalist — 2023 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Ilhan Omar: part progressive, part ethno-nationalist." UnHerd, 2023, https://unherd.com/thepost/ilhan-omar-part-progressive-part-ethno-nationalist/. - **Publication:** UnHerd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/thepost/ilhan-omar-part-progressive-part-ethno-nationalist/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise — 2023 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise." UnHerd, 2023, https://unherd.com/newsroom/labours-equal-pay-promise-is-dei-in-disguise/. - **Publication:** UnHerd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/newsroom/labours-equal-pay-promise-is-dei-in-disguise/ - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Racial categories are reactionary — 2020 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Racial categories are reactionary." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/why-racial-categories-are-reactionary/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/08/why-racial-categories-are-reactionary/ - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society — 2020 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society." Unherd., 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/07/cultural-appropriation-is-progressive-and-anti-racist/. - **Publication:** Unherd. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/07/cultural-appropriation-is-progressive-and-anti-racist/ - **Topics:** Cultural Appropriation - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — The demise of ‘political blackness’ — 2021 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "The demise of ‘political blackness’." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-demise-of-political-blackness/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-demise-of-political-blackness/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — The first black superhero of the modern age — 2020 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "The first black superhero of the modern age." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/12/the-first-black-superhero-of-the-modern-age/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2020/12/the-first-black-superhero-of-the-modern-age/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully — 2021 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully." Areo, 2021, https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Race, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe — 2024 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe." Quillette, 2024, https://quillette.com/2024/02/05/understanding-the-jewish-catastrophe. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2024/02/05/understanding-the-jewish-catastrophe - **Topics:** Race, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Leonard, Ralph — Why the West isn’t racist — 2021 - **Citation:** Leonard, Ralph. "Why the West isn’t racist." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/01/why-the-west-isnt-racist/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/01/why-the-west-isnt-racist/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Lester, Julius — Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama — 1968 - **Citation:** Lester, Julius. Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama. 1968. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Lester, Julius — Search for the new land: History as subjective experience — 1969 - **Citation:** Lester, Julius. Search for the new land: History as subjective experience. Dial, 1969. - **Publication:** Dial - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Lester, Julius — The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger — 1965 - **Citation:** Lester, Julius. The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger. 1965. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Lester, Julius — To Be a Slave — 1968 - **Citation:** Lester, Julius. To Be a Slave. 1968. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Lewis-Peart — Apostate — 2025 - **Citation:** Lewis-Peart. "Apostate." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/apostate. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/apostate - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Lloyd, Vincent — Black Natural Law — 2016 - **Citation:** Lloyd, Vincent. Black Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Locke, Alain Leroy — African American Contributions to the Americas’ Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke — 2016 - **Citation:** Locke, Alain Leroy. African American Contributions to the Americas’ Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. - **Publication:** Palgrave Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Locke, Alain Leroy — The New Negro: An Interpretation — 1925 - **Citation:** Locke, Alain Leroy. The New Negro: An Interpretation. Touchstone, 1999. - **Publication:** Touchstone, 1999 - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Locke, Alain Leroy — The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond — 1989 - **Citation:** Locke, Alain Leroy. The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond. Temple University Press, 1989. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Locke, Alain Leroy — The Works of Alain Locke — 2012 - **Citation:** Locke, Alain Leroy. The Works of Alain Locke. Oxford University Press, 2012. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — Dictionary of American Negro Biography — 1982 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. Dictionary of American Negro Biography. W. W. Norton, 1982. - **Publication:** W. W. Norton - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — Education in Haiti, — 1930 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. Education in Haiti,. The Journal of Negro History, 1930. - **Publication:** The Journal of Negro History - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — Haiti and the Dominican Republic — 1968 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Oxford University Press, 1968. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — Howard University: The First Hundred Years 1867-1967 — 1969 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. Howard University: The First Hundred Years 1867-1967. NYU Press, 1969. - **Publication:** NYU Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The African Mandates in World Politics — 1948 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The African Mandates in World Politics. Public Affairs Press, 1948. - **Publication:** Public Affairs Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience — 1970 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience. Houghton Mifflin, 1970. - **Publication:** Houghton Mifflin - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891 — 1941 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891. University of North Carolina Press, 1941. - **Publication:** University of North Carolina Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901 — 1954 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901. The Betrayal Of The Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes To Woodrow Wilson, 1954. - **Publication:** The Betrayal Of The Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes To Woodrow Wilson - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The Negro in the United States: Volume 1: A History to 1945. From Slavery to Second-Class Citizenship — 1970 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Negro in the United States: Volume 1: A History to 1945. From Slavery to Second-Class Citizenship. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1970. - **Publication:** Van Nostrand Reinhold Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System — 1945 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System. Minorities Publishers, 1945. - **Publication:** Minorities Publishers - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Logan, Rayford Whittingham — What the Negro Wants — 1944 - **Citation:** Logan, Rayford Whittingham. What the Negro Wants. University of North Carolina Press, 1944. - **Publication:** University of North Carolina Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Louis C. Hook — The Compton Cowboys – A Modern Renaissance — 2025 - **Citation:** Louis C. Hook. "The Compton Cowboys – A Modern Renaissance." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-compton-cowboys-a-modern-renaissance. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-compton-cowboys-a-modern-renaissance - **Topics:** Art & literature, Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine — Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities — 2017 - **Citation:** Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities." Uncommon Ground, 2017, https://uncommongroundmedia.com/political-principles-identities/. - **Publication:** Uncommon Ground - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://uncommongroundmedia.com/political-principles-identities/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine — Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me? — 2021 - **Citation:** Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me? Zer0 Books, 2021, https://www.collectiveinkbooks.com/zer0-books/our-books/transcending-racial-divisions. - **Publication:** Zer0 Books - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.collectiveinkbooks.com/zer0-books/our-books/transcending-racial-divisions - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine — Who’s Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation? — 2018 - **Citation:** Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Who’s Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation?" Uncommon Ground Media, 2018, https://uncommongroundmedia.com/whos-afraid-cultural-appropriation/. - **Publication:** Uncommon Ground Media - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://uncommongroundmedia.com/whos-afraid-cultural-appropriation/ - **Topics:** Cultural Appropriation - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — ‘A Formula for Tyranny and More Racism’ — 2021 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "‘A Formula for Tyranny and More Racism’." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/a-formula-for-tyranny-and-more-racism. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/a-formula-for-tyranny-and-more-racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Affirmative Action and Its Mythology, — 2005 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology,." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/089533005774357888. - **Publication:** Journal of Economic Perspectives - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/089533005774357888 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — An Economic Analysis of Color-Blind Affirmative Action — 2008 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "An Economic Analysis of Color-Blind Affirmative Action." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2008, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/economic-analysis-color-blind-affirmative-action. - **Publication:** Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/economic-analysis-color-blind-affirmative-action - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Ethnicity, Social Mobility and Public Policy — 2005 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. Ethnicity, Social Mobility and Public Policy. Cambridge University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427: Reparations, Part 2 — n.d. - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427: Reparations, Part 2." Freakonomics Radio, n.d., https://freakonomics.com/podcast/reparations-part-2/. - **Publication:** Freakonomics Radio - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://freakonomics.com/podcast/reparations-part-2/ - **Topics:** Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — One by One, From the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America — 1995 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. One by One, From the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America. Free Press, 1995. - **Publication:** Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Our Universities are the Crown Jewels of Civilization — 2025 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Our Universities are the Crown Jewels of Civilization." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/our-universities-are-the-crown-jewels. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/our-universities-are-the-crown-jewels - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Race, Incarceration, and American Values — 2008 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. Race, Incarceration, and American Values. MIT Press, 2008. - **Publication:** MIT Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Racism Is An Empty Thesis — 2020 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Racism Is An Empty Thesis." Manhattan Institute: Interview, June 11, 2020. https://www.city-journal.org/racism-is-an-empty-thesis. - **Publication:** Manhattan Institute: Interview, June 11, 2020 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/racism-is-an-empty-thesis - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory — 2007 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory." Georgia State University Law Review, 2007, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/cvandbio/Relations%20Before%20Transactions%20Loury.pdf. - **Publication:** Georgia State University Law Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/cvandbio/Relations%20Before%20Transactions%20Loury.pdf - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Relations before transactions: Forty years of thinking about persisting racial inequality in the United States — 2020 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Relations before transactions: Forty years of thinking about persisting racial inequality in the United States." Difference without Domination, 2020, https://www.brown.edu/academics/economics/sites/brown.edu.academics.economics/files/uploads/Loury Relations before Transactions Allen Somanathan Volume.pdf. - **Publication:** Difference without Domination - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.brown.edu/academics/economics/sites/brown.edu.academics.economics/files/uploads/Loury Relations before Transactions Allen Somanathan Volume.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of ‘Political Correctness’ and Related Phenomena, — 1994 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of ‘Political Correctness’ and Related Phenomena,." Rationality and Society, 1994, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury%20(Politcal%20Correctness. - **Publication:** Rationality and Society - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury%20(Politcal%20Correctness - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — The Anatomy of Racial Inequality — 2002 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. The Anatomy of Racial Inequality. Harvard University Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative — 2020 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/bias-narrative-v-development-narrative. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/bias-narrative-v-development-narrative - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — The Case for Black Patriotism — 2021 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "The Case for Black Patriotism." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/the-case-for-black-patriotism. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/the-case-for-black-patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — The Divided Society and the Democratic Idea, — 1996 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "The Divided Society and the Democratic Idea,." University Lecture, Boston University, 1996, https://www.bu.edu/irsd/articles/divided.htm. - **Publication:** University Lecture, Boston University - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.bu.edu/irsd/articles/divided.htm - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — The End of Relativism — 1995 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "The End of Relativism." The End of Racism, 1995, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/the-end-of-relativism. - **Publication:** The End of Racism - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/the-end-of-relativism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Truth, Justice, and Racial Equality — 2019 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Truth, Justice, and Racial Equality." Fall Lecture Series, St. Olaf College, The Institute for Freedom and Community: Discrimination and the Search for Justice and Truth, 2019, https://institute.stolaf.edu/files/2020/06/Final-Transcript-of-Glenn-Loury-1.pdf. - **Publication:** Fall Lecture Series, St. Olaf College, The Institute for Freedom and Community: Discrimination and the Search for Justice and Truth - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://institute.stolaf.edu/files/2020/06/Final-Transcript-of-Glenn-Loury-1.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action — 2022 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action." The Glenn Show, 2022, https://glennloury.substack.com/p/turning-the-tide-on-affirmative-action. - **Publication:** The Glenn Show - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://glennloury.substack.com/p/turning-the-tide-on-affirmative-action - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — What Biden gets wrong about race — 2022 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "What Biden gets wrong about race." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/americas-racial-torment-must-end/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/02/americas-racial-torment-must-end/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — When Black Lives Matter - Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America — 2020 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "When Black Lives Matter - Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America." Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, 2020, https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-autumn-2020-issue-no-17/when-black-lives-matter---thoughts-on-the-persistence-of-racial-inequality-in-america. - **Publication:** Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-autumn-2020-issue-no-17/when-black-lives-matter---thoughts-on-the-persistence-of-racial-inequality-in-america - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn — Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility — 2019 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn. "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility." Our failure to do so is an American tragedy. It is a national, not merely a communal, disgrace., 2019, https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0519-GL.pdf. - **Publication:** Our failure to do so is an American tragedy. It is a national, not merely a communal, disgrace. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0519-GL.pdf - **Topics:** Black America, state of, Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Economics - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences — 1976 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences." Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science, 1976, https://hdl.handle.net/10419/220585. - **Publication:** Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://hdl.handle.net/10419/220585 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — A Theory of 'Oil'Igopoly: Cournot Equilibrium in Exhaustible Resource Markets with Fixed Supplies — 1986 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "A Theory of 'Oil'Igopoly: Cournot Equilibrium in Exhaustible Resource Markets with Fixed Supplies." International Economic Review, vol. 27, no. 2, 1986, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2526505. - **Publication:** International Economic Review, vol. 27, no. 2 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2526505 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Discrimination in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Beyond Market Interactions — 1998 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Discrimination in the Post-Civil Rights Era: Beyond Market Interactions." Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 2, 1998, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjep.12.2.117. - **Publication:** Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 2 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Fjep.12.2.117 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Intergenerational Transfers and the Distribution of Earnings — 1981 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Intergenerational Transfers and the Distribution of Earnings." Econometrica, vol. 49, no. 4, 1981, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1912506. - **Publication:** Econometrica, vol. 49, no. 4 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/1912506 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative — 2024 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative. W. W. Norton, 2024, https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393881349. - **Publication:** W. W. Norton - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393881349 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Market Structure and Innovation — 1979 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Market Structure and Innovation." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 93, no. 3, 1979, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883165. - **Publication:** The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 93, no. 3 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883165 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — One Man's March — 1995 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "One Man's March." The New Republic, 1995, https://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/213837404.pdf. - **Publication:** The New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/213837404.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Racial Identity and Racial Inequality: Forty Years of Thinking about the Persisting Subordinate Position of Blacks in the United States — 2018 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Racial Identity and Racial Inequality: Forty Years of Thinking about the Persisting Subordinate Position of Blacks in the United States." Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse Distinguished Lecture, 2018, https://www.econtalk.org/glenn-loury-on-race-inequality-and-america/. - **Publication:** Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse Distinguished Lecture - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.econtalk.org/glenn-loury-on-race-inequality-and-america/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Social Exclusion and Ethnic Groups: The Challenge to Economics — 2000 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Social Exclusion and Ethnic Groups: The Challenge to Economics." Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1999, edited by Boris Pleskovic and Joseph E. Stiglitz, World Bank. - **Publication:** Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1999, edited by Boris Pleskovic and Joseph E. Stiglitz, World Bank - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — The Moral Quandary of the Black Community — 1985 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "The Moral Quandary of the Black Community." The Public Interest, 1985, https://www.nationalaffairs.com/public interest/detail/the-moral-quandary-of-the-black-community. - **Publication:** The Public Interest - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalaffairs.com/public interest/detail/the-moral-quandary-of-the-black-community - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — The Optimal Exploitation of an Unknown Reserve — 1978 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "The Optimal Exploitation of an Unknown Reserve." The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 45, no. 3, 1978, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297264. - **Publication:** The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 45, no. 3 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297264 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — What's at stake in the "Conversation about Race" that I’ve been having with John McWhorter? — 2022 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "What's at stake in the "Conversation about Race" that I’ve been having with John McWhorter?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whats-at-stake-in-the-conversation. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whats-at-stake-in-the-conversation - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Why Should We Care about Group Inequality? — 1987 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Why Should We Care about Group Inequality?" Social Philosophy and Policy, vol. 5, no. 1, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001345. - **Publication:** Social Philosophy and Policy, vol. 5, no. 1 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500001345 - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn C — Wrestle not against flesh and blood — 2021 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn C. "Wrestle not against flesh and blood." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/wrestle-not-against-flesh-and-blood. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/wrestle-not-against-flesh-and-blood - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Loury, Glenn, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — Corona Taboos | Wilfred Reilly — 2020 - **Citation:** Loury, Glenn, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Corona Taboos | Wilfred Reilly." The Glenn Show YouTube Channel, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9-so63cz9s. - **Publication:** The Glenn Show YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9-so63cz9s - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles — Chicago in Chaos — 2020 - **Citation:** Love, Charles. "Chicago in Chaos." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/article/chicago-in-chaos. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/article/chicago-in-chaos - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles — Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police? — 2020 - **Citation:** Love, Charles. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles — Progressives against Civil Rights — 2021 - **Citation:** Love, Charles. "Progressives against Civil Rights." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/article/progressives-against-civil-rights. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/article/progressives-against-civil-rights - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police? — 2020 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — False Prophets — 2020 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. "False Prophets." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/black-lives-matter. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/black-lives-matter - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country — 2013 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country. www, 2013. - **Publication:** www - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement — 2021 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement. Emancipation Books, 2021. - **Publication:** Emancipation Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — Reparations: A Well-Rounded View — 2021 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view - **Topics:** Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference — 2018 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference. www, 2018. - **Publication:** www - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles Douglas — White Wokeness — 2020 - **Citation:** Love, Charles Douglas. "White Wokeness." City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/white-wokeness. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/white-wokeness - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Love, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly — What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly) — 2024 - **Citation:** Love, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly. "What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly)." Uncertain Things YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0SuNn-Z4ss. - **Publication:** Uncertain Things YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0SuNn-Z4ss - **Citation status:** complete ### Magatte Wade — Why Is Africa Poor? — 2025 - **Citation:** Magatte Wade. "Why Is Africa Poor?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-is-africa-poor. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-is-africa-poor - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Maranto, Robert A., Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris — Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care? — 2022 - **Citation:** Maranto, Robert A., Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris. "Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care?" EDRE Working Paper Series, 2022, https://scholarworks.uark.edu/edrepub/136/. - **Publication:** EDRE Working Paper Series - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholarworks.uark.edu/edrepub/136/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Marcus Watkins — The Dangers of Sanitizing Black America's Story — 2025 - **Citation:** Marcus Watkins. "The Dangers of Sanitizing Black America's Story." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-dangers-of-sanitizing-black-americas. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-dangers-of-sanitizing-black-americas - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Marcus Watkins — The Self-Sabotage of the Conservative Movement — 2025 - **Citation:** Marcus Watkins. "The Self-Sabotage of the Conservative Movement." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-self-sabotage-of-the-conservative. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-self-sabotage-of-the-conservative - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Marsh, Vic — Finding and Communicating What Works in Diversity - **Citation:** Marsh, Vic. "Finding and Communicating What Works in Diversity." Vic Marsch, https://www.vicmarsh.org/. - **Publication:** Vic Marsch - **Genre:** Web-based content: blogs, vlogs, organizations, resources, reports, social media - **URL:** https://www.vicmarsh.org/ - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Marsh, Vic — Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm — 2020 - **Citation:** Marsh, Vic. "Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm." Vic Marsh, 2020, https://www.vicmarsh.org/blog/2020/12/10/keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm. - **Publication:** Vic Marsh - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.vicmarsh.org/blog/2020/12/10/keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Martin, Fred — In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend — 2017 - **Citation:** Martin, Fred. "In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend." Sam Sholli Blog, 2017, https://samsholli.blog/2017/09/01/in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open-letter-to-an-american-friend/. - **Publication:** Sam Sholli Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://samsholli.blog/2017/09/01/in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open-letter-to-an-american-friend/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Mathias, Josephine — Another bogus study dumbs down 'racism' — 2019 - **Citation:** Mathias, Josephine. "Another bogus study dumbs down 'racism'." National Post, 2019, https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-another-bogus-study-dumbs-down-racism. - **Publication:** National Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-another-bogus-study-dumbs-down-racism - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Mathias, Josephine — Vandalism doesn't save Black lives or promote reconciliation — 2020 - **Citation:** Mathias, Josephine. "Vandalism doesn't save Black lives or promote reconciliation." National Post, 2020, https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-vandalism-doesnt-save-black-lives-or-promote-reconciliation. - **Publication:** National Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-vandalism-doesnt-save-black-lives-or-promote-reconciliation - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### MATTHEW HENSON — American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson — 2025 - **Citation:** MATTHEW HENSON. "American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-6-matthew-henson. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-6-matthew-henson - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Maximilian Werner — Bigger’s Dream: Killing and Self-Preservation — 2025 - **Citation:** Maximilian Werner. "Bigger’s Dream: Killing and Self-Preservation." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/biggers-dream-killing-and-self-preservation. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/biggers-dream-killing-and-self-preservation - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Maximilian Werner — Sex, Violence, and Cognitive Prisons — 2025 - **Citation:** Maximilian Werner. "Sex, Violence, and Cognitive Prisons." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/sex-violence-and-cognitive-prisons. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/sex-violence-and-cognitive-prisons - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture), Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Mays, Jaron — BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed — 2022 - **Citation:** Mays, Jaron. "BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed." Medium, 2022, https://medium.com/@jaronmays/blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public-as-new-tax-fillings-are-exposed-6e90e93a8047. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/@jaronmays/blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public-as-new-tax-fillings-are-exposed-6e90e93a8047 - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Mays, Jeffrey C — Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers — 2020 - **Citation:** Mays, Jeffrey C. "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers." New York Times., 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/nyregion/defund-police-nyc-council.html. - **Publication:** New York Times. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/nyregion/defund-police-nyc-council.html - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — Deacon King Kong — 2020 - **Citation:** McBride, James. Deacon King Kong. Riverhead Books, 2020. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — Five-Carat Soul — 2017 - **Citation:** McBride, James. Five-Carat Soul. Riverhead Books, 2017. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — Miracle at St. Anna — 2002 - **Citation:** McBride, James. Miracle at St. Anna. Riverhead Books, 2002. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — Song Yet Sung — 2008 - **Citation:** McBride, James. Song Yet Sung. Riverhead Books, 2008. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother — 1995 - **Citation:** McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother. Riverhead Books, 1995. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McBride, James — The Good Lord Bird — 2013 - **Citation:** McBride, James. The Good Lord Bird. Riverhead Books, 2013. - **Publication:** Riverhead Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McCarthy, Jesse — On Afropessimism — 2020 - **Citation:** McCarthy, Jesse. "On Afropessimism." Afropessimism, 2020, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/on-afropessimism/. - **Publication:** Afropessimism - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/on-afropessimism/ - **Topics:** Afropessimism - **Citation status:** complete ### McClain, Leanita — A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain — 1986 - **Citation:** McClain, Leanita. A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain. Northwestern University Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Northwestern University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McGhee, Heather — The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together — 2021 - **Citation:** McGhee, Heather. The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together. One World, 2021. - **Publication:** One World - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Economics, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Mchangama, Jacob — Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media — 2022 - **Citation:** Mchangama, Jacob. Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media. Basic Books, 2022. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Mchangama, Jacob — Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media — 2022 - **Citation:** Mchangama, Jacob. "Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media." Heterodox Academy, 2022, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media/ - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — ’An Association of Kindred Spirits’: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms, — 2006 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. "’An Association of Kindred Spirits’: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms,." Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States, 2006. - **Publication:** Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies — 2002 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Durham, NC: Duke University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — Reading and Race Pride: The Literary Activism of Black Clubwomen, — 2009 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. "Reading and Race Pride: The Literary Activism of Black Clubwomen,." A History of the Book in America, 2009. - **Publication:** A History of the Book in America - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer, — 1999 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. "Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer,." Callaloo, 1999. - **Publication:** Callaloo - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers—1830-1940, — 1994 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. "The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers—1830-1940,." Written Communication, 1994. - **Publication:** Written Communication - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship — 2021 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship. Duke Universiry Press, 2021. - **Publication:** Duke Universiry Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McHenry, Elizabeth — Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell, — 2007 - **Citation:** McHenry, Elizabeth. "Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell,." American Literary History, 2007. - **Publication:** American Literary History - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### McKnight, Matthew — The Omni-Americans — 2019 - **Citation:** McKnight, Matthew. "The Omni-Americans." Tablet Mag., 2019, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/the-omni-americans. - **Publication:** Tablet Mag. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/the-omni-americans - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### McMillan, Dina — Dina McMillan profile — n.d. - **Citation:** McMillan, Dina. "Dina McMillan profile." X, n.d., https://twitter.com/drdina1. - **Publication:** X - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://twitter.com/drdina1 - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — A Grammar of Saramaccan Creole — 2012 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. A Grammar of Saramaccan Creole. De Gruyter Mouton, 2012. - **Publication:** De Gruyter Mouton - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America — 2008 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America. Gotham, 2008. - **Publication:** Gotham - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion — 2016 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion." Daily Beast, 2016, https://www.thedailybeast.com/antiracism-our-flawed-new-religion. - **Publication:** Daily Beast - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thedailybeast.com/antiracism-our-flawed-new-religion - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Are all instances of blackface alike? — 2019 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Are all instances of blackface alike?" The Atlantic, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/mark-herring-and-grey-zones-blackface/582355/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/mark-herring-and-grey-zones-blackface/582355/ - **Topics:** Blackface - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Atonement as Activism — 2018 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Atonement as Activism." The American Interest, 2018, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/05/24/atonement-as-activism/. - **Publication:** The American Interest - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.the-american-interest.com/2018/05/24/atonement-as-activism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority — 2003 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority. Avery, 2003. - **Publication:** Avery - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Black Fragility? — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Black Fragility?" It bears mentioning, 2021, https://johnmcwhorter.substack.com/p/black-fragility. - **Publication:** It bears mentioning - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://johnmcwhorter.substack.com/p/black-fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Defining Creole — 2005 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Defining Creole. Oxford University Press, 2005. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Even Trigger Warning Is Now Off-Limits — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Even Trigger Warning Is Now Off-Limits." The Atlantic, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/07/brandeis-language-police-have-suggestions-you/619347/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/07/brandeis-language-police-have-suggestions-you/619347/ - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Explaining the Black Education Gap — 2000 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Explaining the Black Education Gap." The Wilson Quarterly, 2000, http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/essays/explaining-black-education-gap. - **Publication:** The Wilson Quarterly - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/essays/explaining-black-education-gap - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — How the N-Word Became Unsayable — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "How the N-Word Became Unsayable." New York Times, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — It’s Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action — 2022 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "It’s Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action." New York Times., 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/opinion/affirmative-action.html. - **Publication:** New York Times. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/opinion/affirmative-action.html - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Language Interrupted: Signs of Non-Native Acquisition in Standard Language Grammars — 2007 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Language Interrupted: Signs of Non-Native Acquisition in Standard Language Grammars. Oxford University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Linguistic Simplicity and Complexity: Why Do Languages Undress? — 2011 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Linguistic Simplicity and Complexity: Why Do Languages Undress? De Gruyter Mouton, 2011. - **Publication:** De Gruyter Mouton - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black? — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black?" Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/living-in-blackface. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/living-in-blackface - **Topics:** White people posing as black/non-white - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America — 2000 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America. The Free Press, 2000. - **Publication:** The Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever. 2021. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/30/on-victimhood-and-culture-a-reply-to-aaron-hanna/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/06/30/on-victimhood-and-culture-a-reply-to-aaron-hanna/ - **Topics:** Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English — 2008 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English. Gotham, 2008. - **Publication:** Gotham - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Racism 2.0 — 2015 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Racism 2.0." Politico, 2015, https://www.politico.eu/article/racism-2-0-atticus-finch-to-kill-a-mockingbird-watchman-harper-lee/. - **Publication:** Politico - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.politico.eu/article/racism-2-0-atticus-finch-to-kill-a-mockingbird-watchman-harper-lee/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Racist Police Violence Reconsidered — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Racist Police Violence Reconsidered." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/06/11/racist-police-violence-reconsidered/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2020/06/11/racist-police-violence-reconsidered/ - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands." The Atlantic, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/when-antiracist-manifestos-become-antiracist-wrecking-balls/617841/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/when-antiracist-manifestos-become-antiracist-wrecking-balls/617841/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Talking Back, Talking Black: Truths About America's Lingua Franca — 2017 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Talking Back, Talking Black: Truths About America's Lingua Franca. Bellevue Literary Press, 2017. - **Publication:** Bellevue Literary Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin." Reason, 2020, https://reason.com/2020/01/30/the-1619-project-depicts-an-america-tainted-by-original-sin/. - **Publication:** Reason - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://reason.com/2020/01/30/the-1619-project-depicts-an-america-tainted-by-original-sin/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Better of the Two Big Antiracism Bestsellers: Kendi’s How To Be An Antiracist lacks subtlety, but it beats White Fragility — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The Better of the Two Big Antiracism Bestsellers: Kendi’s How To Be An Antiracist lacks subtlety, but it beats White Fragility." Education Next, 2020, https://www.educationnext.org/better-of-two-big-antiracism-bestsellers-kendi-how-to-be-an-antiracist-book-review/. - **Publication:** Education Next - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.educationnext.org/better-of-two-big-antiracism-bestsellers-kendi-how-to-be-an-antiracist-book-review/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility." Atlantic, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/dehumanizing-condescension-white-fragility/614146/. - **Publication:** Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/dehumanizing-condescension-white-fragility/614146/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Language Hoax: Why the World Looks the Same in Any Language — 2014 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. The Language Hoax: Why the World Looks the Same in Any Language. Oxford University Press, 2014. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Neoracists — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The Neoracists." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/john-mcwhorter-the-neoracists. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/john-mcwhorter-the-neoracists - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge — 2019 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge." Atlantic., 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/acting-white-charge-origins/594130/. - **Publication:** Atlantic. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/acting-white-charge-origins/594130/ - **Topics:** “Acting white” - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Power of Babel: A Natural History of Language — 2001 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. The Power of Babel: A Natural History of Language. Harper Perennial, 2001. - **Publication:** Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World — 2018 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World." The Atlantic, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/why-third-wave-anti-racism-dead-end/578764/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/why-third-wave-anti-racism-dead-end/578764/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — We Cannot Allow ‘1619’ to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade — 2020 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "We Cannot Allow ‘1619’ to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/we-cannot-allow-1619-to-dumb-down-america-in-the-name-of-a-crusade/. - **Publication:** 1776 Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/we-cannot-allow-1619-to-dumb-down-america-in-the-name-of-a-crusade/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Why I don’t want reparations for slavery — 2001 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. "Why I don’t want reparations for slavery." LATimes, 2001, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jul-15-op-22579-story.html. - **Publication:** LATimes - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jul-15-op-22579-story.html - **Topics:** Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America — 2005 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America. Gotham, 2005. - **Publication:** Gotham - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America — 2021 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America. Portfolio / Penguin, 2021. - **Publication:** Portfolio / Penguin - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Word On The Street: Debunking The Myth Of A Pure Standard English — 2009 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Word On The Street: Debunking The Myth Of A Pure Standard English. Basic Books, 2009. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### McWhorter, John — Words on the Move: Why English Won't - and Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally) — 2016 - **Citation:** McWhorter, John. Words on the Move: Why English Won't - and Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally). Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2016. - **Publication:** Henry Holt and Company, LLC - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Megginson, Elijah — When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’ — 2021 - **Citation:** Megginson, Elijah. "When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’." NYTimes, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/opinion/college-admissions-essays-trauma.html. - **Publication:** NYTimes - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/opinion/college-admissions-essays-trauma.html - **Topics:** Academia, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It — 2023 - **Citation:** Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It." iHeart Podcast, 2023, https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-end-118252163/. - **Publication:** iHeart Podcast - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-end-118252163/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest — Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes — 2023 - **Citation:** Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes." Terry Meiners Podcast, 2023, https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-hype-117529170/. - **Publication:** Terry Meiners Podcast - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-hype-117529170/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Menifield, Charles E — Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? — 2019 - **Citation:** Menifield, Charles E. Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? Public Administration Review, 2019. - **Publication:** Public Administration Review - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School — 2024 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-professional. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-professional - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — How to Flourish in College — 2024 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "How to Flourish in College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-flourish-in-college. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-flourish-in-college - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — How to Prepare Your Child for College — 2024 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "How to Prepare Your Child for College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-college. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-college - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way? — 2022 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-black-america-fare-if-progressives. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-black-america-fare-if-progressives - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity — 2023 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is - **Topics:** Affirmative Action, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — The Party that Forgot How to Win — 2025 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "The Party that Forgot How to Win." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — To Forgive or Not to Forgive? — 2023 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "To Forgive or Not to Forgive?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America? — 2025 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-trumps-second-term-mean. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-trumps-second-term-mean - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Creswell — Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs — 2022 - **Citation:** Michael Creswell. "Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-black-americans-should-care-more. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-black-americans-should-care-more - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael DC Bowen — Black Suffering — 2023 - **Citation:** Michael DC Bowen. "Black Suffering." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-suffering. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-suffering - **Topics:** Race, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael DC Bowen — Law, Liberty, Love, and Land — 2024 - **Citation:** Michael DC Bowen. "Law, Liberty, Love, and Land." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/law-liberty-love-and-land. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/law-liberty-love-and-land - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Michael Huemer — The Progressive Myth of Racist Police Shootings — 2024 - **Citation:** Michael Huemer. "The Progressive Myth of Racist Police Shootings." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-progressive-myth-of-racist-police. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-progressive-myth-of-racist-police - **Topics:** Police, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Address to the Graduating Class of the College Department, Howard University — 1898 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. "Address to the Graduating Class of the College Department, Howard University." Howard University, 1898, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100787411. - **Publication:** Howard University - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100787411 - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — An Appeal to Conscience: America’s Code of Caste, a Disgrace to Democracy — 1918 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. An Appeal to Conscience: America’s Code of Caste, a Disgrace to Democracy. Macmillan, 1918. - **Publication:** Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — An appeal to reason: An open letter to John Temple Graves — 1906 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. An appeal to reason: An open letter to John Temple Graves. Washington, D, 1906. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — As to the leopard's spots: An open letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr. — 1905 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. As to the leopard's spots: An open letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr. Washington, D, 1905. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Education for manhood — 1913 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Education for manhood. Washington, D, 1913. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Eugenics of the Negro Race — 1917 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. "Eugenics of the Negro Race." Scientific Monthly, 1917. - **Publication:** Scientific Monthly - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Kelly Miller's Authentic History of the Negro in the World War — 1920 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Kelly Miller's Authentic History of the Negro in the World War. Washington, D, 1920. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Out of the House of Bondage — 1914 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Out of the House of Bondage. New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1914. - **Publication:** New York: Neale Publishing Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Race Adjustment: Essays on the Negro in America — 1908 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Race Adjustment: Essays on the Negro in America. The Neale Publishing Company, 1908. - **Publication:** The Neale Publishing Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Radicals and Conservatives and Other Essays on the Negro in America — 1968 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Radicals and Conservatives and Other Essays on the Negro in America. Schocken Books, 1968. - **Publication:** Schocken Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — Roosevelt and the Negro — 1907 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. Roosevelt and the Negro. Washington, D, 1907. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — The everlasting stain — 1924 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. The everlasting stain. Washington, D, 1924. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — The Negro’s Opportunity — 1918 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. "The Negro’s Opportunity." Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, 1918. - **Publication:** Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly — What Walt Whitman Means to the Negro — 1895 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly. "What Walt Whitman Means to the Negro." Walt Whitman fellowship papers, 1895, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100655050. - **Publication:** Walt Whitman fellowship papers - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100655050 - **Citation status:** complete ### Miller, Kelly, and Joseph R. Gay — Progress and Achievements of the Colored People — 1917 - **Citation:** Miller, Kelly, and Joseph R. Gay. Progress and Achievements of the Colored People. A. Jenkins, 1917. - **Publication:** A. Jenkins - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Miriam E. Thompson — The Courage to Disagree in Academia — 2025 - **Citation:** Miriam E. Thompson. "The Courage to Disagree in Academia." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-courage-to-disagree-in-academia. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-courage-to-disagree-in-academia - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Mock, Brentin — The Price of Defunding the Police — 2017 - **Citation:** Mock, Brentin. "The Price of Defunding the Police." Bloomberg, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-14/what-it-really-means-to-divest-from-policing. - **Publication:** Bloomberg - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-14/what-it-really-means-to-divest-from-policing - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — America Wasn’t Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the ‘1619 Project’ — 2019 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "America Wasn’t Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the ‘1619 Project’." The American Mind, 2019, https://americanmind.org/salvo/america-wasnt-founded-on-white-supremacy/. - **Publication:** The American Mind - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://americanmind.org/salvo/america-wasnt-founded-on-white-supremacy/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Breaking Down the 1619 Project, pt. 4 — 2019 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "Breaking Down the 1619 Project, pt. 4." The Powerline Show, Ep. 146, 2019, https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/09/the-power-line-show-ep-146-breaking-down-the-1619-project-pt-4-with-lucas-morel.php. - **Publication:** The Powerline Show, Ep. 146 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2019/09/the-power-line-show-ep-146-breaking-down-the-1619-project-pt-4-with-lucas-morel.php - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Fighting for Free Speech on Campus: A Conversation with Lucas Morel — 2021 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "Fighting for Free Speech on Campus: A Conversation with Lucas Morel." Public Discourse, 2021, https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2021/08/77618/. - **Publication:** Public Discourse - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2021/08/77618/ - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Invisible Man — 2004 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. Invisible Man. Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to "Invisible Man.", 2004. - **Publication:** Ralph Ellison and the Raft of Hope: A Political Companion to "Invisible Man." - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Lincoln and the American Founding — 2020 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. Lincoln and the American Founding. Southern Illinois University Press, 2020. - **Publication:** Southern Illinois University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature — 2019 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature." Lincoln Lore, 2019, https://www.friendsofthelincolncollection.org/lincoln-lore/lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature/. - **Publication:** Lincoln Lore - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.friendsofthelincolncollection.org/lincoln-lore/lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature/ - **Topics:** Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government — 2000 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government. Lexington Books, 2000. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Lucas Morel on Teaching Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad — 2017 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "Lucas Morel on Teaching Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad." Teaching American History Blog, 2017, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/blog/3534-2/. - **Publication:** Teaching American History Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://teachingamericanhistory.org/blog/3534-2/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — Speaking the Truth — 2021 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "Speaking the Truth." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/speaking-the-truth. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/speaking-the-truth - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — The 1619 Project as Missed Opportunity — 2020 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. "The 1619 Project as Missed Opportunity." Bruce D, 2020, https://youtu.be/JpyWv9wsFSc. - **Publication:** Bruce D - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://youtu.be/JpyWv9wsFSc - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Morel, Lucas E — The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century — 2016 - **Citation:** Morel, Lucas E. The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. - **Publication:** University Press of Mississippi - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — A Little Yellow Dog — 1996 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. A Little Yellow Dog. 1996. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — A Red Death — 1991 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. A Red Death. 1991. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — All I Did Was Shoot My Man — 2012 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. All I Did Was Shoot My Man. 2012. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned — 1997 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned. 1997. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — And Sometimes I Wonder About You — 2015 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. And Sometimes I Wonder About You. 2015. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Bad Boy Brawly Brown — 2002 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Bad Boy Brawly Brown. 2002. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Black Betty — 1994 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Black Betty. 1994. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Blonde Faith — 2007 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Blonde Faith. 2007. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Blood Grove — 2021 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Blood Grove. 2021. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Charcoal Joe — 2016 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Charcoal Joe. 2016. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Cinnamon Kiss — 2005 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Cinnamon Kiss. 2005. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Debbie Doesn’t Do It Anymore — 2014 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Debbie Doesn’t Do It Anymore. 2014. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Devil in a Blue Dress — 1990 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Devil in a Blue Dress. 1990. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Down the River unto the Sea — 2018 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Down the River unto the Sea. 2018. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Fear Itself — 2003 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Fear Itself. 2003. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Fear of the Dark — 2006 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Fear of the Dark. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Fearless Jones — 2001 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Fearless Jones. 2001. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Fortunate Son — 2006 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Fortunate Son. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World — 2001 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World. 2001. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Gone Fishin’ — 1997 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Gone Fishin’. 1997. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Inside a Silver Box — 2015 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Inside a Silver Box. 2015. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Killing Johnny Fry: A Sexistential Novel — 2006 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Killing Johnny Fry: A Sexistential Novel. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Known to Evil — 2010 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Known to Evil. 2010. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Life Out of Context: Which Includes a Proposal for the Non-violent Takeover of the House of Representatives — 2006 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Life Out of Context: Which Includes a Proposal for the Non-violent Takeover of the House of Representatives. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Little Green — 2013 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Little Green. 2013. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Little Scarlet — 2004 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Little Scarlet. 2004. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Parishioner — 2012 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Parishioner. 2012. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Six Easy Pieces — 2003 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Six Easy Pieces. 2003. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Awkward Black Man — 2020 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Awkward Black Man. 2020. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey — 2010 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey. 2010. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Long Fall — 2009 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Long Fall. 2009. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Man in My Basement — 2004 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Man in My Basement. 2004. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Right Mistake — 2008 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Right Mistake. 2008. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — The Tempest Tales — 2008 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. The Tempest Tales. 2008. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — This Year You Write Your Novel — 2007 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. This Year You Write Your Novel. 2007. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Trouble Is What I Do — 2020 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Trouble Is What I Do. 2020. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Twelve Steps Toward Political Revelation — 2011 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Twelve Steps Toward Political Revelation. 2011. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Walkin’ the Dog — 1999 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Walkin’ the Dog. 1999. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Walking the Line — 2005 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Walking the Line. 2005. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — What Next: An African American Initiative Toward World Peace — 2003 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. What Next: An African American Initiative Toward World Peace. 2003. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — When the Thrill Is Gone — 2011 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. When the Thrill Is Gone. 2011. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — White Butterfly — 1992 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. White Butterfly. 1992. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mosley, Walter — Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History — 2000 - **Citation:** Mosley, Walter. Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History. 2000. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Moss, Kirby — Black Joy: A counter narrative to stories we tell ourselves about strife and struggle in Black lives — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Moss, Kirby. Black Joy: A counter narrative to stories we tell ourselves about strife and struggle in Black lives. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Moss, Kirby — The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege — 2003 - **Citation:** Moss, Kirby. The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. - **Publication:** University of Pennsylvania Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa — 2009 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. - **Publication:** Farrar, Straus and Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth—and How to Fix It — 2018 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth—and How to Fix It. Basic Books, 2018. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — How Boards Work: And How They Can Work Better in a Chaotic World — 2021 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. How Boards Work: And How They Can Work Better in a Chaotic World. Basic Books, 2021. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly – And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead — 2010 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly – And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. - **Publication:** Farrar, Straus and Giroux - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC — 2009 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. "Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC." Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ. - **Publication:** Australian Broadcasting Corporation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — Why Aid to Africa is Not Working — 2009 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. "Why Aid to Africa is Not Working." University of Richmond, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-FZjPreg. - **Publication:** University of Richmond - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-FZjPreg - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development - **Citation status:** complete ### Moyo, Dambisa — Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World — 2012 - **Citation:** Moyo, Dambisa. Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World. Basic Books, 2012. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — ). South to a Very Old Place — 1971 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. ). South to a Very Old Place. 1971. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — Conjugations and Reiterations: Poems — 2001 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. Conjugations and Reiterations: Poems. 2001. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — From the Briarpatch File: On Context, Procedure, and American Identity — 2001 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. From the Briarpatch File: On Context, Procedure, and American Identity. 2001. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues — 2016 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. - **Publication:** University of Minnesota Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — Stomping the Blues — 1976 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. Stomping the Blues. 1976. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — The Blue Devils of Nada — 1996 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. The Blue Devils of Nada. 1996. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — The Hero and the Blues — 1996 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. The Hero and the Blues. 1996. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture — 1970 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture. Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1970. - **Publication:** Outerbridge & Dienstfrey - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — The Seven League Boots — 1996 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. The Seven League Boots. 1996. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — The Spyglass Tree — 1991 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. The Spyglass Tree. 1991. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Murray, Albert — Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray — 2001 - **Citation:** Murray, Albert. Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray. 2001. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc) — Roc’s World — n.d. - **Citation:** Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc). "Roc’s World." Roc’s World, n.d., https://www.rocsworld.com/. - **Publication:** Roc’s World - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.rocsworld.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc), host, Coleman Hughes, and Kmele Foster, guests — The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes and Kmele Foster — 2018 - **Citation:** Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc), host, Coleman Hughes, and Kmele Foster, guests. "The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes and Kmele Foster." Roc’s World, 2018, https://youtu.be/xoiFxmJ4fv8. - **Publication:** Roc’s World - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://youtu.be/xoiFxmJ4fv8 - **Citation status:** complete ### Nafees Alam — “Antiracism” That Erases Black History — 2026 - **Citation:** Nafees Alam. "“Antiracism” That Erases Black History." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/antiracism-that-erases-black-history. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/antiracism-that-erases-black-history - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Nafees Alam — Act Your Race — 2026 - **Citation:** Nafees Alam. "Act Your Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/act-your-race. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/act-your-race - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Nafees Alam — Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices — 2026 - **Citation:** Nafees Alam. "Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/feminisms-gains-come-with-sacrifices. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/feminisms-gains-come-with-sacrifices - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity), Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Nafees Alam — From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic' — 2025 - **Citation:** Nafees Alam. "From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic'." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to - **Topics:** Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Nafees Alam — Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority — 2025 - **Citation:** Nafees Alam. "Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assumption. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assumption - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Equality and Equity (see also Disparity), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism, White Saviors - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Padwardhan — An Indian Thanksgiving — 2022 - **Citation:** Nandini Padwardhan. "An Indian Thanksgiving." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/an-indian-thanksgiving. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/an-indian-thanksgiving - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Patwardhan — A Marshall Plan for Black Lives — 2022 - **Citation:** Nandini Patwardhan. "A Marshall Plan for Black Lives." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-marshall-plan-for-black-lives. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-marshall-plan-for-black-lives - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Politics & Activism, Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Patwardhan — On Affirmative Action — 2023 - **Citation:** Nandini Patwardhan. "On Affirmative Action." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-affirmative-action. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-affirmative-action - **Topics:** Affirmative Action, Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Patwardhan — Racist Voters and Rising Hate Groups — 2021 - **Citation:** Nandini Patwardhan. "Racist Voters and Rising Hate Groups." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racist-voters-and-rising-hate-groups. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racist-voters-and-rising-hate-groups - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Patwardhan — What Ava DuVernay’s “Origin” Gets Wrong — 2024 - **Citation:** Nandini Patwardhan. "What Ava DuVernay’s “Origin” Gets Wrong." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-ava-duvernays-origin-gets-wrong. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-ava-duvernays-origin-gets-wrong - **Topics:** Art & literature, Race, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Nandini Patwardhan — What the Data Show About Police Killings of Black Men — 2022 - **Citation:** Nandini Patwardhan. "What the Data Show About Police Killings of Black Men." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-the-data-show-about-police-killings. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-the-data-show-about-police-killings - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Nelson, Sophia, A — Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln’s Republican Party, — 2020 - **Citation:** Nelson, Sophia, A. "Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln’s Republican Party,." USA Today, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/06/20/republican-name-only-trump-and-death-lincolns-party-column/3221447001/. - **Publication:** USA Today - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/06/20/republican-name-only-trump-and-death-lincolns-party-column/3221447001/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Neptune, Harvey — marks a conservative retreat from the much-needed materialist road of anti-racist historiography. [...] The problem lies in the project’s implicit naturalization of race, a process essential to all racist thought — 2020 - **Citation:** Neptune, Harvey. "marks a conservative retreat from the much-needed materialist road of anti-racist historiography. [..] The problem lies in the project’s implicit naturalization of race, a process essential to all racist thought." Small Axe, 2020, http://smallaxe.net/sxlive/1619project-and-anti-racist-road-not-taken-essay-harvey-neptune. - **Publication:** Small Axe - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://smallaxe.net/sxlive/1619project-and-anti-racist-road-not-taken-essay-harvey-neptune - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Newkirk, Pamela — A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters — 2003 - **Citation:** Newkirk, Pamela. A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters. Doubleday, 2003. - **Publication:** Doubleday - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Newkirk, Pamela — Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry — 2019 - **Citation:** Newkirk, Pamela. Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry. Bold Type Books, 2019. - **Publication:** Bold Type Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Newkirk, Pamela — Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience — 2011 - **Citation:** Newkirk, Pamela. Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience. Beacon Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Beacon Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Newkirk, Pamela — Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga — 2016 - **Citation:** Newkirk, Pamela. Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga. HarperCollins, 2016. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Newkirk, Pamela — Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media — 2000 - **Citation:** Newkirk, Pamela. Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media. NYU Press, 2000. - **Publication:** NYU Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Nique Fajors — Culture Over Race — 2025 - **Citation:** Nique Fajors. "Culture Over Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/culture-over-race. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/culture-over-race - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Njoya, Wanjiru — Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity — 2020 - **Citation:** Njoya, Wanjiru. "Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity." The Critic, 2020, https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/july-august-2020/black-lives-matter-pushing-division-not-unity/. - **Publication:** The Critic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/july-august-2020/black-lives-matter-pushing-division-not-unity/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Njoya, Wanjiru — Debating the Tenets of Social Justice — 2022 - **Citation:** Njoya, Wanjiru. "Debating the Tenets of Social Justice." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/debating-the-tenets-of-social-justice. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/debating-the-tenets-of-social-justice - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Njoya, Wanjiru — Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity — 2021 - **Citation:** Njoya, Wanjiru. Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. - **Publication:** Palgrave Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Noray, Kadeem — Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers — 2020 - **Citation:** Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2020, https://www.dropbox.com/s/x2hywqftxt1gvmx/STEM QJE Published.pdf. - **Publication:** Quarterly Journal of Economics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dropbox.com/s/x2hywqftxt1gvmx/STEM QJE Published.pdf - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Noray, Kadeem — Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers — 2021 - **Citation:** Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers." Microeconomic Insights, 2021, https://microeconomicinsights.org/earnings-dynamics-changing-job-skills-and-stem-careers/. - **Publication:** Microeconomic Insights - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://microeconomicinsights.org/earnings-dynamics-changing-job-skills-and-stem-careers/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Noray, Kadeem — Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis — 2018 - **Citation:** Noray, Kadeem. "Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis." Dynamic Games and Applications, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13235-017-0214-x. - **Publication:** Dynamic Games and Applications - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13235-017-0214-x - **Citation status:** complete ### Noray, Kadeem — The Labor Market Value of Character Skills — 2021 - **Citation:** Noray, Kadeem. "The Labor Market Value of Character Skills." Minding our Workforce: The Role of Noncognitive Skills, 2021, https://www.dropbox.com/s/drgq12q23h9x1ih/Noray Value Noncog Published.pdf. - **Publication:** Minding our Workforce: The Role of Noncognitive Skills - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dropbox.com/s/drgq12q23h9x1ih/Noray Value Noncog Published.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne — My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader — 2018 - **Citation:** Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader." New Yorker, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne — My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves — 2020 - **Citation:** Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves." BBC, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53444752. - **Publication:** BBC - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53444752 - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — Adoption & Hospitality: Celebrating the Murray Spirit — 2026 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. "Adoption & Hospitality: Celebrating the Murray Spirit." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/adoption-hospitality-celebrating-the-murray-spirit/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/adoption-hospitality-celebrating-the-murray-spirit/ - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — et al — 2014 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. et al. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, 2014. - **Publication:** The Norton Anthology of African American Literature - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — History and Memory in African American Culture — 1994 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. History and Memory in African American Culture. Oxford University Press, 1994. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday — 1991 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday. Da Capo Press, 1991. - **Publication:** Da Capo Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — Living With Music: Ralph Ellison’s Essays on Jazz — 2001 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. Living With Music: Ralph Ellison’s Essays on Jazz. Modern Library, 2001. - **Publication:** Modern Library - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — Romare Bearden: A Black Odyssey — 2007 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. Romare Bearden: A Black Odyssey. New York: DC Moore Gallery, 2007. - **Publication:** New York: DC Moore Gallery - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — The Craft of Ralph Ellison — 1980 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. The Craft of Ralph Ellison. Harvard University Press, 1980. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — The Jazz Singers: A Smithsonian Collection of Jazz Vocals from 1919-1994 — 1919 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. The Jazz Singers: A Smithsonian Collection of Jazz Vocals from 1919-1994. Smithsonian Collection, 1919. - **Publication:** Smithsonian Collection - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G — The Romare Bearden Reader — 2019 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G. The Romare Bearden Reader. Duke University Press, 2019. - **Publication:** Duke University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### O’Meally, Robert G., editor — The Jazz Cadence of American Culture — 1998 - **Citation:** O’Meally, Robert G., editor. The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. Columbia University Press, 1998. - **Publication:** Columbia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Ochieng, Omedi — A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism, — 2011 - **Citation:** Ochieng, Omedi. "A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism,." Western Journal of Communication, 2011. - **Publication:** Western Journal of Communication - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Ochieng, Omedi — Groundwork for the Practice of the Good Life: Politics and Ethics at the Intersection of African and North Atlantic Philosophy — 2017 - **Citation:** Ochieng, Omedi. Groundwork for the Practice of the Good Life: Politics and Ethics at the Intersection of African and North Atlantic Philosophy. Routledge, 2017. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ochieng, Omedi — WEB Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual, — 2016 - **Citation:** Ochieng, Omedi. "WEB Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual,." African Journal of Rhetoric, 2016. - **Publication:** African Journal of Rhetoric - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Ogbu, John — Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement — 2003 - **Citation:** Ogbu, John. Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2003. - **Publication:** Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Ogbu, John U — Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement — 2003 - **Citation:** Ogbu, John U. Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2003. - **Publication:** Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ogbu, John U — Minority Education and Caste: The American System in Cross-Cultural Perspective — 1978 - **Citation:** Ogbu, John U. Minority Education and Caste: The American System in Cross-Cultural Perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978. - **Publication:** New York: Academic Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ogbu, John U. — Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background — 1995 - **Citation:** Ogbu, John U. "Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background." The Urban Review, 1995. - **Publication:** The Urban Review - **Genre:** article - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Ogbu, John U. — Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part Two: Case Studies — 1995 - **Citation:** Ogbu, John U. "Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part Two: Case Studies." The Urban Review, 1995. - **Publication:** The Urban Review - **Genre:** article - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Okafor, Antonia — Antonia Okafor official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Okafor, Antonia. "Antonia Okafor official website." Antonia Okafor, n.d., https://www.antoniacover.com/. - **Publication:** Antonia Okafor - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.antoniacover.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Okafor, Antonia — Why I Bring My Gun to School — 2017 - **Citation:** Okafor, Antonia. "Why I Bring My Gun to School." NYTimes, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/24/opinion/why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school.html. - **Publication:** NYTimes - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/24/opinion/why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school.html - **Topics:** Guns/2nd Amendment - **Citation status:** complete ### Oluseyi, Hakeem — A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars — 2022 - **Citation:** Oluseyi, Hakeem. "A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars." 2022, https://g.co/kgs/7MybK7P. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://g.co/kgs/7MybK7P - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Lived experience - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Opinion — Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists — 2021 - **Citation:** Opinion. "Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-intellectuals-are-black-americas. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-intellectuals-are-black-americas - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.) — Beauty’s Daughter — 2015 - **Citation:** Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.). Beauty’s Daughter. 2015. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.) — Until the Flood — 2016 - **Citation:** Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.). Until the Flood. 2016. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.) — Yellowman — 2002 - **Citation:** Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.). Yellowman. 2002. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Orlu, Sonia — Racism is real, but that doesn’t make BLM right — 2021 - **Citation:** Orlu, Sonia. "Racism is real, but that doesn’t make BLM right." Toronto Sun, 2021, https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/orlu-racism-is-real-but-that-doesnt-make-blm-right. - **Publication:** Toronto Sun - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/orlu-racism-is-real-but-that-doesnt-make-blm-right - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Orlu, Sonia — Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement — 2021 - **Citation:** Orlu, Sonia. "Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement." Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2021, https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/20210224 Black Lives Matter Orlu COMMENTARY FWEb.pdf. - **Publication:** Macdonald-Laurier Institute - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/20210224 Black Lives Matter Orlu COMMENTARY FWEb.pdf - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Owens, Burgess — I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them — 2019 - **Citation:** Owens, Burgess. "I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429 - **Topics:** Reparations, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum." Critical Quarterly, 2022, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/criq.12675. - **Publication:** Critical Quarterly - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/criq.12675 - **Topics:** Art & literature, Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — Antiracism Won’t Save You — 2021 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "Antiracism Won’t Save You." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/06/antiracism-wont-save-you/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/06/antiracism-wont-save-you/ - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/06/black-kids-should-study-larkin/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/06/black-kids-should-study-larkin/ - **Topics:** Art & literature, Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — How Christianity Kills Itself — 2021 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "How Christianity Kills Itself." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/07/how-christianity-kills-itself/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/07/how-christianity-kills-itself/ - **Topics:** Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — In defence of wokeness — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "In defence of wokeness." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/03/in-defence-of-wokeness/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/03/in-defence-of-wokeness/ - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — Obsession with race tells only half a story — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "Obsession with race tells only half a story." The Times, 2022, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/obsession-with-race-tells-only-half-a-story-f7vm8j3n6. - **Publication:** The Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/obsession-with-race-tells-only-half-a-story-f7vm8j3n6 - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us — 2020 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us." Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/please-stop-imposing-american-views. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/please-stop-imposing-american-views - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — The black saint against white guilt — 2021 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "The black saint against white guilt." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-black-saint-against-white-guilt/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-black-saint-against-white-guilt/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — The Godfather of Critical Race Theory — 2021 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/anti-racism-is-an-american-dream/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/08/anti-racism-is-an-american-dream/ - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — The problem with white saviours — 2021 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "The problem with white saviours." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/09/the-problem-with-white-saviours/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/09/the-problem-with-white-saviours/ - **Topics:** White Saviors - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — The Queen saved the Commonwealth — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Queen saved the Commonwealth." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/the-queen-saved-the-commonwealth/. - **Publication:** Unherd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2022/09/the-queen-saved-the-commonwealth/ - **Topics:** Colonialism / Decolonialism - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — This is Not America: Why We Need a New Conversation about Race — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. This is Not America: Why We Need a New Conversation about Race. Atlantic/W, Forthcoming. - **Publication:** Atlantic/W - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Owolade, Tomiwa — Why shouldn’t black people like period drama? — 2022 - **Citation:** Owolade, Tomiwa. "Why shouldn’t black people like period drama?" The Times., 2022, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-shouldnt-black-people-like-period-drama-fn2cpg233. - **Publication:** The Times. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-shouldnt-black-people-like-period-drama-fn2cpg233 - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — ‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization — 2019 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. "‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776Unites., 2019, https://1776unites.com/essays/a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimization/. - **Publication:** 1776Unites. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimization/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project, Patriotism, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — A Bridge to the New Media Century — 2000 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. A Bridge to the New Media Century. Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College, 2000. - **Publication:** Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain — 1986 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain. Northwestern University Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Northwestern University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984–2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change — 2014 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984–2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change. Agate Bolden, 2014. - **Publication:** Agate Bolden - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity — 1996 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity. HarperCollins, 1996. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Page, Clarence — Trump’s 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay — 2021 - **Citation:** Page, Clarence. "Trump’s 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay." Chicago Tribune, 2021, https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/clarence-page/ct-column-trump-1776-report-history-slavery-page-20210122-gabpnpb2vrfoxhzn3u636jiree-story.html. - **Publication:** Chicago Tribune - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/clarence-page/ct-column-trump-1776-report-history-slavery-page-20210122-gabpnpb2vrfoxhzn3u636jiree-story.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Pamela Denise Long — Gen Z, Free Inquiry, and the Future of Civic Discourse — 2026 - **Citation:** Pamela Denise Long. "Gen Z, Free Inquiry, and the Future of Civic Discourse." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gen-z-free-inquiry-and-the-future. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gen-z-free-inquiry-and-the-future - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Parham, Angel Adams — Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them — 2022 - **Citation:** Parham, Angel Adams. "Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-education-college-charter-school-choice-systemic-racism-diversity-and-inclusion-clt-crt-ancients-greece-rome-homer-toni-morrison-11653079858. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-education-college-charter-school-choice-systemic-racism-diversity-and-inclusion-clt-crt-ancients-greece-rome-homer-toni-morrison-11653079858 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — A Poverty of Mind, — 2006 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "A Poverty of Mind,." New York Times, 2006. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — About Public Sociology — 2007 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "About Public Sociology." Public Sociology: Fifteen Eminent Sociologists Debate Politics and the Profession in the Twenty-First Century, 2007, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/public sociology.pdf. - **Publication:** Public Sociology: Fifteen Eminent Sociologists Debate Politics and the Profession in the Twenty-First Century - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/public sociology.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Beyond Compassion: Selfish Reasons for Being Unselfish — 2002 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Beyond Compassion: Selfish Reasons for Being Unselfish." Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2002, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/beyond compassion.pdf. - **Publication:** Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/beyond compassion.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Black Americans, — 2008 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Black Americans,." Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation, 2008, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/black americans.pdf. - **Publication:** Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/black americans.pdf - **Topics:** Black America, state of - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Culture and Continuity: Causal Structures in Socio-cultural Persistence, — 2004 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Culture and Continuity: Causal Structures in Socio-cultural Persistence,." Matters of Culture: Cultural Sociology in Practice, 2004, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/continuity.pdf. - **Publication:** Matters of Culture: Cultural Sociology in Practice - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/continuity.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Ecumenical America: Global Culture and the American Cosmos — 1994 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Ecumenical America: Global Culture and the American Cosmos." World Policy Journal, 1994, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ecumencial.pdf. - **Publication:** World Policy Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ecumencial.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Equality — 2009 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Equality." Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, 2009, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/equality.pdf. - **Publication:** Democracy: A Journal of Ideas - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/equality.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse — 1977 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse. Stein & Day, 1977. - **Publication:** Stein & Day - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Four Modes of Ethno-Somatic Stratification: Blacks in Europe and the Americas — 2005 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Four Modes of Ethno-Somatic Stratification: Blacks in Europe and the Americas." Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy, 2005, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ethno-somatic.pdf. - **Publication:** Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ethno-somatic.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Freedom and 9/11 — 2011 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Freedom and 9/11." Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, 2011, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/freedom 911.pdf. - **Publication:** Democracy: A Journal of Ideas - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/freedom 911.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Freedom in the Making of Western Culture — 1991 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. Basic Books, 1991. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Freedom, Slavery, and the Modern Construction of Rights — 2008 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Freedom, Slavery, and the Modern Construction of Rights." The Cultural Values of Europe, 2008, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/modern construction of rights 0.pdf. - **Publication:** The Cultural Values of Europe - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/modern construction of rights 0.pdf - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Helotic Slavery and Freedom, — 2003 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Helotic Slavery and Freedom,." Helots and Their Masters in Laconia and Messenia, 2003, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/eleven.pdf. - **Publication:** Helots and Their Masters in Laconia and Messenia - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/eleven.pdf - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — How Sociologists Made Themselves Irrelevant, — 2014 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "How Sociologists Made Themselves Irrelevant,." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2014, https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-Sociologists-Made/150249/. - **Publication:** The Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-Sociologists-Made/150249/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Making Sense of Culture, — 2014 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Making Sense of Culture,." Annual Review of Sociology, 2014, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043123. - **Publication:** Annual Review of Sociology - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043123 - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries — 1998 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1998. - **Publication:** Civitas/Counterpoint - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study — 1982 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Harvard University Press, 1982. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration, — 2001 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration,." Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, 2001, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/takingcultureseriously.pdf. - **Publication:** Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/takingcultureseriously.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Ancient and Medieval Origins of Modern Freedom — 2007 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "The Ancient and Medieval Origins of Modern Freedom." The Problem of Evil, 2007, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ancient and medieval origins.pdf. - **Publication:** The Problem of Evil - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/ancient and medieval origins.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth — 2015 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth. Harvard University Press, 2015. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Culture of Sports — 2011 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "The Culture of Sports." Journal of Historical Sociology, 2011, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/cricket 1418.pdf. - **Publication:** Journal of Historical Sociology - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/cricket 1418.pdf - **Topics:** Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Mechanisms of Cultural Reproduction: Explaining the Puzzle of Persistence, — 2010 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "The Mechanisms of Cultural Reproduction: Explaining the Puzzle of Persistence,." Handbook of Cultural Sociology, 2010, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/cultural reproduction chapter.pdf. - **Publication:** Handbook of Cultural Sociology - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/cultural reproduction chapter.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis — 1997 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1997. - **Publication:** Civitas/Counterpoint - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Integration - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Post-Black Condition — 2011 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "The Post-Black Condition." New York Times, 2011, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/sunday book review.pdf. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/sunday book review.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Patterson, Orlando — The Real Problem With America’s Inner Cities — 2015 - **Citation:** Patterson, Orlando. "The Real Problem With America’s Inner Cities." New York Times, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/opinion/sunday/the-real-problem-with-americas-inner-cities.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/opinion/sunday/the-real-problem-with-americas-inner-cities.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Peter Boghossian: Conversations and Street Epistemology — Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos — 2023 - **Citation:** Peter Boghossian: Conversations and Street Epistemology. "Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naJ eTN-Qzo. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naJ eTN-Qzo - **Citation status:** complete ### Philip Clay — Colorblindness and Racial Essentialism Are Both Wrong — 2023 - **Citation:** Philip Clay. "Colorblindness and Racial Essentialism Are Both Wrong." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/colorblindness-and-racial-essentialism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/colorblindness-and-racial-essentialism - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Identity politics, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Philpot, Tasha S — Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans — 2017 - **Citation:** Philpot, Tasha S. Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans. Cambridge University Press, 2017. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Pinckney, Darryl — The Afro-Pessimist Temptation — 2018 - **Citation:** Pinckney, Darryl. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation." New York Review of Books, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/ta-nehisi-coates-afro-pessimist-temptation/. - **Publication:** New York Review of Books - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/ta-nehisi-coates-afro-pessimist-temptation/ - **Topics:** Afropessimism - **Related entities:** Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Piper, Adrian — Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968-1992 — 1999 - **Citation:** Piper, Adrian. Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968-1992. MIT Press, 1999. - **Publication:** MIT Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Piper, Adrian — Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967-1992 — 1999 - **Citation:** Piper, Adrian. Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967-1992. MIT Press, 1999. - **Publication:** MIT Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Piper, Adrian M. S — Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination, — 1991 - **Citation:** Piper, Adrian M. S. "Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination,." Ethics, 1991. - **Publication:** Ethics - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Piper, Adrian M. S — Passing for White, Passing for Black — 1992 - **Citation:** Piper, Adrian M. S. "Passing for White, Passing for Black." Transition, 1992. - **Publication:** Transition - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Poetry — Countee Cullen's Lyric Ghosts — 2025 - **Citation:** Poetry. "Countee Cullen's Lyric Ghosts." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/countee-cullens-lyric-ghosts. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/countee-cullens-lyric-ghosts - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Policy — Reparations: A Well-Rounded View — 2021 - **Citation:** Policy. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view - **Topics:** Reparations - **Citation status:** complete ### Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr — Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. — 1971 - **Citation:** Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 1971. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr — Keep the Faith, Baby! — 1967 - **Citation:** Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Keep the Faith, Baby! 1967. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr — Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man — 1945 - **Citation:** Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man. 1945. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr — The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor — 1962 - **Citation:** Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor. 1962. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Public Policy — Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach — 2024 - **Citation:** Public Policy. "Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/equity-vs-equal-protection-the-walz. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/equity-vs-equal-protection-the-walz - **Topics:** Equality and Equity (see also Disparity) - **Citation status:** complete ### QJ, Steve — Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism — 2021 - **Citation:** QJ, Steve. "Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/illumination-curated/robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-c163a76655f5. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/illumination-curated/robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-c163a76655f5 - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### QJ, Steve — The Corrosive Cost of Cancel Culture — 2022 - **Citation:** QJ, Steve. "The Corrosive Cost of Cancel Culture." Medium., 2022, https://steveqj.medium.com/the-corrosive-cost-of-cancel-culture-ed61f6837bae. - **Publication:** Medium. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://steveqj.medium.com/the-corrosive-cost-of-cancel-culture-ed61f6837bae - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) - **Citation status:** complete ### QJ, Steve — The Unspoken Evils of ‘Whiteness’ — 2021 - **Citation:** QJ, Steve. "The Unspoken Evils of ‘Whiteness’." Medium, 2021, https://steveqj.medium.com/the-unspoken-evils-of-whiteness-d87d0b3c245a. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://steveqj.medium.com/the-unspoken-evils-of-whiteness-d87d0b3c245a - **Topics:** Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### QJ, Steve — This Is the Way the N-Word Dies — 2021 - **Citation:** QJ, Steve. "This Is the Way the N-Word Dies." Medium, 2021, https://level.medium.com/this-is-the-way-the-n-word-dies-ab51167bf9d0. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://level.medium.com/this-is-the-way-the-n-word-dies-ab51167bf9d0 - **Topics:** N-Word - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Allies for Freedom. Blacks and John Brown — 1974 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Allies for Freedom. Blacks and John Brown. 1974. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Black Abolitionists — 1969 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Black Abolitionists. 1969. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography — 1988 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography. 1988. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Blacks on John Brown — 1972 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Blacks on John Brown. 1972. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Frederick Douglass — 1948 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Frederick Douglass. 1948. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Frederick Douglass — 1968 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Frederick Douglass. 1968. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Lincoln and the Negro — 1962 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Lincoln and the Negro. 1962. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — Lord Dunmore as Liberator — 1958 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Lord Dunmore as Liberator. The William and Mary Quarterly, 1958. - **Publication:** The William and Mary Quarterly - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — The Negro in the American Revolution — 1961 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. The Negro in the American Revolution. 1961. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — The Negro in the Civil War — 1953 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. The Negro in the Civil War. 1953. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quarles, Benjamin Arthur — The Negro in the Making of America — 1964 - **Citation:** Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. The Negro in the Making of America. 1964. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Quay Hanna — White Privilege — 2022 - **Citation:** Quay Hanna. "White Privilege." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/white-privilege. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/white-privilege - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage, White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Quinn “Edokwin” Que — Which Violence Against Black Lives Actually Matters? — 2025 - **Citation:** Quinn “Edokwin” Que. "Which Violence Against Black Lives Actually Matters?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/which-violence-against-black-lives. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/which-violence-against-black-lives - **Topics:** Hate crime, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Quinn Que — Racebending—What It Is and Why It Should End — 2025 - **Citation:** Quinn Que. "Racebending—What It Is and Why It Should End." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racebendingwhat-it-is-and-why-it. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racebendingwhat-it-is-and-why-it - **Topics:** Art & literature, Cultural Appropriation, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Quinn Que — Reforming the DEI Reforms — 2025 - **Citation:** Quinn Que. "Reforming the DEI Reforms." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reforming-the-dei-reforms. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reforming-the-dei-reforms - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Randolph, A. Philip — For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph — 2014 - **Citation:** Randolph, A. Philip. For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph. Edited by Kersten, Andrew and Lucander, David, 2014. - **Publication:** Edited by Kersten, Andrew and Lucander, David - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Randy Souther — The Cost of 'Free Black Thought' — 2024 - **Citation:** Randy Souther. "The Cost of 'Free Black Thought'." Curiosity, Controversy, and Intellectual Courage, 2024, https://psu.pb.unizin.org/hxlibraries24curiositycontroversycourage/chapter/the-cost-of-free-black-thought/. - **Publication:** Curiosity, Controversy, and Intellectual Courage - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://psu.pb.unizin.org/hxlibraries24curiositycontroversycourage/chapter/the-cost-of-free-black-thought/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reaves, James Nauwood — Black Cops — 1991 - **Citation:** Reaves, James Nauwood. Black Cops. Quantum Leap Publisher, 1991. - **Publication:** Quantum Leap Publisher - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left, — 2018 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left,." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3. - **Publication:** Dialectical Anthropology - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3 - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Class: see also Wealth gap, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Class Notes: Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene — 2001 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Class Notes: Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene. The New Press, 2001. - **Publication:** The New Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine." Common Dreams, 2020, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/04/04/disparity-ideology-coronavirus-and-danger-return-racial-medicine. - **Publication:** Common Dreams - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/04/04/disparity-ideology-coronavirus-and-danger-return-racial-medicine - **Topics:** Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway — 2017 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway." Nonsite, 2017, https://nonsite.org/du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness/. - **Publication:** Nonsite - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness/ - **Topics:** White Privilege, Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — et al — 2008 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. et al. Capitalizing on Catastrophe: Neoliberal Strategies in Disaster Reconstruction, 2008. - **Publication:** Capitalizing on Catastrophe: Neoliberal Strategies in Disaster Reconstruction - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence — 2016 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence." Editorial, nonsite, 2016, https://nonsite.org/editorial/how-racial-disparity-does-not-help-make-sense-of-patterns-of-police-violence#foot src 1-9794. - **Publication:** Editorial, nonsite - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/editorial/how-racial-disparity-does-not-help-make-sense-of-patterns-of-police-violence#foot src 1-9794 - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism, — 2013 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism,. New Labor Forum, 2013. - **Publication:** New Labor Forum - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Economics, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — On the ‘New Jim Crow’: An Interview with Adolph Reed — 2013 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "On the ‘New Jim Crow’: An Interview with Adolph Reed." The North Star, 2013, https://www.theobeers.com/reed-archive/files/henwood-reed-2013.pdf. - **Publication:** The North Star - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theobeers.com/reed-archive/files/henwood-reed-2013.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents, — 2012 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents,." Socialist Register, 2012, https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~merlinc/ReedChowkwanyunSR.pdf. - **Publication:** Socialist Register - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~merlinc/ReedChowkwanyunSR.pdf - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Race, Politics, and Culture: Critical Essays on the Radicalism of the 1960s — 1986 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Race, Politics, and Culture: Critical Essays on the Radicalism of the 1960s. Greenwood Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Greenwood Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context." New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2012910. - **Publication:** New England Journal of Medicine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2012910 - **Topics:** Coronavirus / COVID-19 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present — 2019 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present." World Socialist Web Site, 2019, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/12/20/reed-d20.html. - **Publication:** World Socialist Web Site - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/12/20/reed-d20.html - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought — 2010 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought. Routledge, 2010. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Socialism and the Argument against Race Reductionism — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Socialism and the Argument against Race Reductionism." New Labor Forum, 2020. - **Publication:** New Labor Forum - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote' — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'." Common Dreams, 2020, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/04/south-carolina-neoliberalisms-stranglehold-and-mystique-black-vote. - **Publication:** Common Dreams - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/04/south-carolina-neoliberalisms-stranglehold-and-mystique-black-vote - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’ — 2016 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’." Nonsite.org., 2016, https://nonsite.org/splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2/. - **Publication:** Nonsite.org. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Stirrings in the Jug: Black Politics in the Post-Segregation Era — 1999 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Stirrings in the Jug: Black Politics in the Post-Segregation Era. University of Minnesota Press, 1999. - **Publication:** University of Minnesota Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon — 1986 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon. Yale University Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Yale University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Limits of Anti-Racism, — 2009 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Limits of Anti-Racism,." Left Business Observer, 2009, https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Antiracism.html. - **Publication:** Left Business Observer - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Antiracism.html - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Myth of Class Reductionism — 2019 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Myth of Class Reductionism." New Republic, 2019, https://newrepublic.com/article/154996/myth-class-reductionism. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/154996/myth-class-reductionism - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The New Deal Wasn’t Intrinsically Racist — 2019 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The New Deal Wasn’t Intrinsically Racist." New Republic, 2019, https://newrepublic.com/article/155704/new-deal-wasnt-intrinsically-racist. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/155704/new-deal-wasnt-intrinsically-racist - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Retrograde Quest for Symbolic Prophets of Black Liberation — 2021 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Retrograde Quest for Symbolic Prophets of Black Liberation." New Republic, 2021, https://newrepublic.com/article/161124/retrograde-quest-symbolic-prophets-black-liberation. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/161124/retrograde-quest-symbolic-prophets-black-liberation - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight — 2018 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight." Nonsite.org, 2018, https://nonsite.org/the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics/. - **Publication:** Nonsite.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The South: Jim Crow and Its Afterlives — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. The South: Jim Crow and Its Afterlives. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America." New Republic, 2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/158059/racial-wealth-gap-vs-racial-income-gap-modern-economic-inequality. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/158059/racial-wealth-gap-vs-racial-income-gap-modern-economic-inequality - **Topics:** Wealth gap: see also Class - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The Trouble with Disparity — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Trouble with Disparity." Nonsite.org, 2020, https://nonsite.org/the-trouble-with-disparity/. - **Publication:** Nonsite.org - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nonsite.org/the-trouble-with-disparity/ - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — The trouble with uplift — 2018 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with uplift." The Baffler, 2018, https://thebaffler.com/salvos/the-trouble-with-uplift-reed. - **Publication:** The Baffler - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thebaffler.com/salvos/the-trouble-with-uplift-reed - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line — 1997 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line. Oxford University Press, 1997. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Adolph, Jr — Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism And Our Retreat From Racial Equality — 2001 - **Citation:** Reed, Adolph, Jr. Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism And Our Retreat From Racial Equality. Westview Press, 2001. - **Publication:** Westview Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. "A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans." Jacobin, 2020, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — Between Obama and Coates, — 2018 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. "Between Obama and Coates,." Catalyst, 2018, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates. - **Publication:** Catalyst - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950 — 2008 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950. University of North Carolina Press, 2008. - **Publication:** University of North Carolina Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — Touré Reed is the most brilliant historian of the black freedom movement of his generation. This book is the best grasp of our recent past and guide for a progressive future we have! — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. Touré Reed is the most brilliant historian of the black freedom movement of his generation. This book is the best grasp of our recent past and guide for a progressive future we have! Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism, 2020. - **Publication:** Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism. Verso, 2020. - **Publication:** Verso - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré — Why Liberals Separate Race from Class — 2015 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré. "Why Liberals Separate Race from Class." Jacobin, 2015, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré F — ‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré F. "‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity." Jacobin, 2020, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Race, White people posing as black/non-white - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré F — A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans — 2020 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré F. "A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans." Jacobin, 2020, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré F — Between Obama and Coates, — 2018 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré F. "Between Obama and Coates,." Catalyst, 2018, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates. - **Publication:** Catalyst - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Reed, Touré F — Why Liberals Separate Race from Class — 2015 - **Citation:** Reed, Touré F. "Why Liberals Separate Race from Class." Jacobin, 2015, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — ‘Systemic Racism' in Justice System Does Not Exist — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "‘Systemic Racism' in Justice System Does Not Exist." National Review, 2021. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — ‘The Virtue of Color-Blindness' & ‘The End of Race Politics Arguments for a Colorblind America' Book Review — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "‘The Virtue of Color-Blindness' & ‘The End of Race Politics Arguments for a Colorblind America' Book Review." National Review, 2024. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — A Disinformation Campaign for the Ages — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "A Disinformation Campaign for the Ages." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/07/a-disinformation-campaign-for-the-ages/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/07/a-disinformation-campaign-for-the-ages/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo." Commentary Magazine, 2020, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/white-fragility-fragile-racism-argument/. - **Publication:** Commentary Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/white-fragility-fragile-racism-argument/ - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — A Great Man, Warts and All — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "A Great Man, Warts and All." Commentary, 2023, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/mlk-biography-jonathan-eig/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/mlk-biography-jonathan-eig/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — A Path Out? The Potential Effects of Charter Schooling, and Improved Overall Schooling, on African-American Individual and Household Income — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "A Path Out? The Potential Effects of Charter Schooling, and Improved Overall Schooling, on African-American Individual and Household Income." Americas Majority Foundation, 2021, https://www.amermaj.org/a-path-out/. - **Publication:** Americas Majority Foundation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.amermaj.org/a-path-out/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Academic Bias and Censorship Are Huge Problems, and We Can Prove It — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Academic Bias and Censorship Are Huge Problems, and We Can Prove It." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/12/academic-bias-and-censorship-are-huge-problems-and-we-can-prove-it/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/12/academic-bias-and-censorship-are-huge-problems-and-we-can-prove-it/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — America Run Riot — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "America Run Riot." Commentary, 2024, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/george-floyd-destructive-narrative-riots/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/george-floyd-destructive-narrative-riots/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — American Confidence Where It Went, How to Restore It — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "American Confidence Where It Went, How to Restore It." National Review, 2022. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — American History & Slavery Presentism and Looking at the Past — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "American History & Slavery Presentism and Looking at the Past." National Review, 2020. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — American History Has Been Captured by the Left, Not the Right — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "American History Has Been Captured by the Left, Not the Right." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/07/american-history-has-been-captured-by-the-left-not-the-right/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/07/american-history-has-been-captured-by-the-left-not-the-right/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Americans Are Convinced That Race Relations Are Bad. The Data Says the Opposite — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Americans Are Convinced That Race Relations Are Bad. The Data Says the Opposite." Newsweek, 2023, https://www.newsweek.com/americans-are-convinced-that-race-relations-are-bad-data-says-opposite-opinion-1791265. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/americans-are-convinced-that-race-relations-are-bad-data-says-opposite-opinion-1791265 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Are a Quarter of Young Americans Actually LGBTQ (etc.)? Don't Bet on It — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Are a Quarter of Young Americans Actually LGBTQ (etc.)? Don't Bet on It." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/are-a-quarter-of-young-americans-actually-lgbtq-etc-dont-bet-on-it/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/are-a-quarter-of-young-americans-actually-lgbtq-etc-dont-bet-on-it/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law? — 2019 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" Academic Questions, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09829-x. - **Publication:** Academic Questions - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09829-x - **Topics:** Hate crime - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Are We in the Midst of a Transgender Murder Epidemic? — 2019 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Are We in the Midst of a Transgender Murder Epidemic?" Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/12/07/are-we-in-the-midst-of-a-transgender-murder-epidemic/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2019/12/07/are-we-in-the-midst-of-a-transgender-murder-epidemic/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Asians are doing well? Let's re-label them as white! — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Asians are doing well? Let's re-label them as white!" Spiked, 2021, https://www.spiked-online.com/2021/02/25/asians-are-doing-well-lets-re-label-them-as-white/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2021/02/25/asians-are-doing-well-lets-re-label-them-as-white/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness." American Spectator, 2020, https://spectator.org/wokeness-religion-american-spectator-print-magazine/. - **Publication:** American Spectator - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://spectator.org/wokeness-religion-american-spectator-print-magazine/ - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Black Lives Matter Movement Not the Way to Save Black Lives — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Black Lives Matter Movement Not the Way to Save Black Lives." National Review, 2020. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Black Lives Matter's Missing Billions — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Black Lives Matter's Missing Billions." Spiked, 2022, https://www.spiked-online.com/2022/02/14/black-lives-matters-missing-billions/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2022/02/14/black-lives-matters-missing-billions/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — BLM's Bloody Bill Comes Due — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "BLM's Bloody Bill Comes Due." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/blms-bloody-bill-comes-due/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/blms-bloody-bill-comes-due/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Border Crisis Unwanted Migration Can Be Stopped — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Border Crisis Unwanted Migration Can Be Stopped." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Breaking Down the Illusion of Systemic Racism—Wilfred Reilly on Breonna Taylor, Riots & Beyond — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Breaking Down the Illusion of Systemic Racism—Wilfred Reilly on Breonna Taylor, Riots & Beyond." American Thought Leaders - The Epoch Times YouTube Channel, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlhHVI7JVX0. - **Publication:** American Thought Leaders - The Epoch Times YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlhHVI7JVX0 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Bubba Wallace and the wave of dubious hate — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Bubba Wallace and the wave of dubious hate." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/06/bubba-wallace-and-the-wave-of-dubious-hate. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/06/bubba-wallace-and-the-wave-of-dubious-hate - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Bukele's Popularity Is No Mystery — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Bukele's Popularity Is No Mystery." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/02/bukeles-popularity-is-no-mystery/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/02/bukeles-popularity-is-no-mystery/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Caitlin Clark Salary about League Economics, Not Sexism — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Caitlin Clark Salary about League Economics, Not Sexism." National Review, 2024. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — California Reparations Proposals Invented Numbers and Fundamental Problems — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "California Reparations Proposals Invented Numbers and Fundamental Problems." National Review, 2022. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Charles Murray, Wrong and Right — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Charles Murray, Wrong and Right." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/charles-murray-facing-reality/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/charles-murray-facing-reality/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Children & Families Key to America's Future — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Children & Families Key to America's Future." National Review, 2022. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Crime Against Asians Isn't Due to White Supremacy — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Crime Against Asians Isn't Due to White Supremacy." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/crime-against-asians-isnt-due-to-white-supremacy/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/crime-against-asians-isnt-due-to-white-supremacy/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Crime Data Shows Interracial Crime Rare — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Crime Data Shows Interracial Crime Rare." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — DDs and PPs — 2019 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "DDs and PPs." Commentary, 2019, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/dds-and-pps/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/dds-and-pps/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Declining Birth Rates Expert Advice Affecting Male-Female Relations — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Declining Birth Rates Expert Advice Affecting Male-Female Relations." National Review, 2022. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Defunding the Police Is Asinine and Counterproductive | Opinion — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Defunding the Police Is Asinine and Counterproductive | Opinion." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/defunding-police-asinine-counterproductive-opinion-1629146. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/defunding-police-asinine-counterproductive-opinion-1629146 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides? — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/01/27/did-the-blm-protests-against-the-police-lead-to-the-2020-spike-in-homicides/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/01/27/did-the-blm-protests-against-the-police-lead-to-the-2020-spike-in-homicides/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Dilbert Creator & the Race Conversation We Never Have — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Dilbert Creator & the Race Conversation We Never Have." National Review, 2021. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Dr. Wilfred Reilly on Politically Motivated Students, the Impact of Fatherlessness, and Issues Driving People to Vote — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on Politically Motivated Students, the Impact of Fatherlessness, and Issues Driving People to Vote." Spreaker, 2024, https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-politically-motivated-students-the-impact-of-fatherlessness-and-issues-driving-people-to-vote--61044113. - **Publication:** Spreaker - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.spreaker.com/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-politically-motivated-students-the-impact-of-fatherlessness-and-issues-driving-people-to-vote--61044113 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Elections and Voter Fraud Reforms Needed — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Elections and Voter Fraud Reforms Needed." National Review, 2024. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Facts Don’t Care About Your Diversity Training Certificate—A Critique of Credentialism — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Facts Don’t Care About Your Diversity Training Certificate—A Critique of Credentialism." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/04/04/facts-dont-care-about-your-diversity-training-certificate-a-critique-of-credentialism/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/04/04/facts-dont-care-about-your-diversity-training-certificate-a-critique-of-credentialism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Fcking is Good, Actually: An Unexpected Defense of the Sexual Revolution — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Fcking is Good, Actually: An Unexpected Defense of the Sexual Revolution." Queer Majority, 2024, https://www.queermajority.com/essays-all/fcking-is-good-actually. - **Publication:** Queer Majority - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.queermajority.com/essays-all/fcking-is-good-actually - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Gender Language Confuses Reality of Biological Sex — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Gender Language Confuses Reality of Biological Sex." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — How Donald Trump Built a Rainbow Coalition — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "How Donald Trump Built a Rainbow Coalition." Spiked Online, 2024, https://www.spiked-online.com/2024/11/14/how-donald-trump-built-a-rainbow-coalition/. - **Publication:** Spiked Online - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2024/11/14/how-donald-trump-built-a-rainbow-coalition/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — How Jussie Smollett's hoax unravelled — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "How Jussie Smollett's hoax unravelled." UnHerd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/12/how-jussie-smolletts-hoax-unravelled/. - **Publication:** UnHerd - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://unherd.com/2021/12/how-jussie-smolletts-hoax-unravelled/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — How Political Bias Explains Everything — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "How Political Bias Explains Everything." Tablet Magazine, 2023, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/how-political-bias-explains-everything. - **Publication:** Tablet Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/how-political-bias-explains-everything - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — How to Define ‘Woke' — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "How to Define ‘Woke'." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/03/how-to-define-woke/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/03/how-to-define-woke/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Ignore the Woke Panic about the English Language — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Ignore the Woke Panic about the English Language." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/ignore-the-woke-panic-about-the-english-language/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/ignore-the-woke-panic-about-the-english-language/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — January 6 Capitol Riot Sorting Fact from Fiction — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "January 6 Capitol Riot Sorting Fact from Fiction." National Review, 2021. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Kimberlé Crenshaw Police-Shooting Claim Rise of the Completely Wrong ‘Expert' — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Kimberlé Crenshaw Police-Shooting Claim Rise of the Completely Wrong ‘Expert'." National Review, 2024. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Left-Wing Antisemitism Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Left-Wing Antisemitism Is Just the Tip of the Iceberg." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/11/left-wing-antisemitism-is-just-the-tip-of-the-iceberg/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/11/left-wing-antisemitism-is-just-the-tip-of-the-iceberg/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Lies My Liberal Teacher Told Me — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Lies My Liberal Teacher Told Me." Spiked YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VxtdCt1ilA. - **Publication:** Spiked YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VxtdCt1ilA - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Making rapists dig ditches is not slavery — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Making rapists dig ditches is not slavery." Washington Examiner, 2024, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/3258067/making-rapists-dig-ditches-is-not-slavery/#google. - **Publication:** Washington Examiner - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/3258067/making-rapists-dig-ditches-is-not-slavery/#google - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Man vs Bear Social-Media Debate a Silly Exercise — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Man vs Bear Social-Media Debate a Silly Exercise." National Review, 2024. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Mass-Shooting Inflation: A Real Problem Is Being Clouded by Completely Inaccurate Figures — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Mass-Shooting Inflation: A Real Problem Is Being Clouded by Completely Inaccurate Figures." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/02/mass-shooting-inflation-a-real-problem-is-being-clouded-by-completely-inaccurate-figures/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/02/mass-shooting-inflation-a-real-problem-is-being-clouded-by-completely-inaccurate-figures/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/11/06/michael-brown-the-founding-myth-of-black-lives-matter/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/11/06/michael-brown-the-founding-myth-of-black-lives-matter/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Native Americans Weren't Singing Kumbaya When White Settlers Arrived — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Native Americans Weren't Singing Kumbaya When White Settlers Arrived." Minding the Campus, 2024, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/07/30/native-americans-werent-singing-kumbaya-when-white-settlers-arrived/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/07/30/native-americans-werent-singing-kumbaya-when-white-settlers-arrived/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — No, There Is No Coming Race War — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "No, There Is No Coming Race War." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/no-there-is-no-coming-race-war/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/no-there-is-no-coming-race-war/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-intersectional-hoax-opinion-1707987. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-intersectional-hoax-opinion-1707987 - **Topics:** Intersectionality - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — One ‘Maverick' Documents Another—Jason Riley's Biography of Thomas Sowell — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "One ‘Maverick' Documents Another—Jason Riley's Biography of Thomas Sowell." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/13/one-maverick-documents-another-jason-rileys-biography-of-thomas-sowell/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/06/13/one-maverick-documents-another-jason-rileys-biography-of-thomas-sowell/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Race in America Today with Wilfred Reilly — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Race in America Today with Wilfred Reilly." National Association of Scholars, 2020, https://www.nas.org/blogs/media/episode-53-race-in-america-today-with-wilfred-reilly. - **Publication:** National Association of Scholars - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.nas.org/blogs/media/episode-53-race-in-america-today-with-wilfred-reilly - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Race-based double standards exist in media, but not always how you think — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Race-based double standards exist in media, but not always how you think." FAIR, 2022, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/race-double-standard. - **Publication:** FAIR - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fairforall.substack.com/p/race-double-standard - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Racism Is No Longer America's Biggest Problem — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Racism Is No Longer America's Biggest Problem." Law & Liberty, 2024, https://lawliberty.org/book-review/racism-is-no-longer-americas-biggest-problem/. - **Publication:** Law & Liberty - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lawliberty.org/book-review/racism-is-no-longer-americas-biggest-problem/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria Paper Retracted By ‘Archives of Sexual Behavior' — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria Paper Retracted By ‘Archives of Sexual Behavior'." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Reparations – in California or Nationally – Will Bring Unnecessary Chaos — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Reparations – in California or Nationally – Will Bring Unnecessary Chaos." Pacific Research Institute, 2024, https://www.pacificresearch.org/reparations-in-california-or-nationally-will-bring-unnecessary-chaos. - **Publication:** Pacific Research Institute - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.pacificresearch.org/reparations-in-california-or-nationally-will-bring-unnecessary-chaos - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Rioting over a narrative — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Rioting over a narrative." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/01/rioting-over-a-narrative/. - **Publication:** Spiked - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/01/rioting-over-a-narrative/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Robin DiAngelo and Scott Adams Double Standard on Race — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Robin DiAngelo and Scott Adams Double Standard on Race." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/wilfred-reilly-2/. - **Publication:** 1776 Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/wilfred-reilly-2/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776 — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/02/17/sorry-new-york-times-but-america-began-in-1776/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2020/02/17/sorry-new-york-times-but-america-began-in-1776/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Systemic Racism in the American Criminal Justice System – a Serious Problem That Does Not Exist — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Systemic Racism in the American Criminal Justice System – a Serious Problem That Does Not Exist." Liberty Matters, 2024, https://oll.libertyfund.org/publications/liberty-matters/2024-02-20-systemic-racism-in-the-american-criminal-justice-system-a-serious-problem-that-does-not-exist. - **Publication:** Liberty Matters - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://oll.libertyfund.org/publications/liberty-matters/2024-02-20-systemic-racism-in-the-american-criminal-justice-system-a-serious-problem-that-does-not-exist - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Taboo: 10 Facts You Can't Talk About — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. Taboo: 10 Facts You Can't Talk About. Regnery Publishing, 2020. - **Publication:** Regnery Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Taking Responsibility Let Us All Work on Ourselves — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Taking Responsibility Let Us All Work on Ourselves." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Testing the Tests for Racism — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Testing the Tests for Racism." Academic Questions, vol. 34, no. 3, 2021, https://old.nas.org/academic-questions/34/3/testing-the-tests-for-racism. - **Publication:** Academic Questions, vol. 34, no. 3 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://old.nas.org/academic-questions/34/3/testing-the-tests-for-racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The ‘Detransition' Time Bomb — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The ‘Detransition' Time Bomb." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/03/the-detransition-time-bomb/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/03/the-detransition-time-bomb/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The 'Intersectionality' Canard — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The 'Intersectionality' Canard." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/01/the-intersectionality-canard/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/01/the-intersectionality-canard/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The 1619 False-History Project — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The 1619 False-History Project." National Review., 2022, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2022/01/24/the-1619-false-history-project/. - **Publication:** National Review. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2022/01/24/the-1619-false-history-project/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/07/19/the-accomplishments-of-black-conservative-thought/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/07/19/the-accomplishments-of-black-conservative-thought/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Assault on Empiricism — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Assault on Empiricism." Tablet Mag, 2021, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/assault-empiricism-wilfred-reilly. - **Publication:** Tablet Mag - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/assault-empiricism-wilfred-reilly - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Conspiracy Theories Were Real, and Other Revelations — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Conspiracy Theories Were Real, and Other Revelations." National Review, 2022, https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/12/the-conspiracy-theories-were-real-and-other-revelations/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2022/12/the-conspiracy-theories-were-real-and-other-revelations/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Cost of False Facts: A Critical Review of Incorrect Boogey-Men from Glassner's 1990s to Today — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Cost of False Facts: A Critical Review of Incorrect Boogey-Men from Glassner's 1990s to Today." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/28/the-cost-of-false-facts-a-critical-review-of-incorrect-boogey-men-from-glassners-1990s-to-today/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/28/the-cost-of-false-facts-a-critical-review-of-incorrect-boogey-men-from-glassners-1990s-to-today/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The End of Affirmative Action Is Good News for Black and Hispanic Students — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The End of Affirmative Action Is Good News for Black and Hispanic Students." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/07/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is-good-news-for-black-and-hispanic-students/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/07/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is-good-news-for-black-and-hispanic-students/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The False Jordan Neely Narrative — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The False Jordan Neely Narrative." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-false-jordan-neely-narrative/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-false-jordan-neely-narrative/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Glaring Problem with Biden's White-Supremacy Warning — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Glaring Problem with Biden's White-Supremacy Warning." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-glaring-problem-with-bidens-white-supremacy-warning/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-glaring-problem-with-bidens-white-supremacy-warning/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/race-in-america-good-news/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/race-in-america-good-news/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Hate-Crime Epidemic That Never Was: A Seattle Case Study — 2019 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Hate-Crime Epidemic That Never Was: A Seattle Case Study." Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/07/07/the-hate-crime-epidemic-that-never-was-a-seattle-case-study/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2019/07/07/the-hate-crime-epidemic-that-never-was-a-seattle-case-study/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Idiocy of ‘Shared Oppression' — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Idiocy of ‘Shared Oppression'." Tablet Magazine, 2022, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/idiocy-shared-oppression. - **Publication:** Tablet Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/idiocy-shared-oppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Karens Were Innocent — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Karens Were Innocent." Commentary, 2023, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/the-karens-were-innocent/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/the-karens-were-innocent/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Maui-Disaster Narrative Is All Wrong — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Maui-Disaster Narrative Is All Wrong." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/09/the-maui-disaster-narrative-is-all-wrong/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/09/the-maui-disaster-narrative-is-all-wrong/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Model-Minority ‘Myth' Is No Myth at All — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Model-Minority ‘Myth' Is No Myth at All." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/09/the-model-minority-myth-is-no-myth/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/09/the-model-minority-myth-is-no-myth/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Mutually Assured Destruction of Big-Game Partisan Prosecutions — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Mutually Assured Destruction of Big-Game Partisan Prosecutions." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/the-mutually-assured-destruction-of-big-game-partisan-prosecutions/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/the-mutually-assured-destruction-of-big-game-partisan-prosecutions/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The New Definition of Racism — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The New Definition of Racism." Commentary, 2022, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/racism-ibram-x-kendi/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/racism-ibram-x-kendi/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Politics of Tribal Nonsense — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Politics of Tribal Nonsense." Tablet Magazine, 2023, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/politics-tribal-nonsense-wilfred-reilly. - **Publication:** Tablet Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/politics-tribal-nonsense-wilfred-reilly - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Rank Bigotry of ‘Karen'-Shaming — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Rank Bigotry of ‘Karen'-Shaming." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-rank-bigotry-of-karen-shaming/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/05/the-rank-bigotry-of-karen-shaming/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Real Reason Biden Deserves Grief over Car-a-Lago — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Real Reason Biden Deserves Grief over Car-a-Lago." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/the-real-reason-biden-deserves-grief-over-car-a-lago/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/01/the-real-reason-biden-deserves-grief-over-car-a-lago/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Red Scare Was No Moral Panic — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Red Scare Was No Moral Panic." Minding the Campus, 2024, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/07/24/the-red-scare-was-no-moral-panic/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/07/24/the-red-scare-was-no-moral-panic/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Truth About Redlining's History — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Truth About Redlining's History." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/06/the-truth-about-redlinings-history/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/06/the-truth-about-redlinings-history/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — The Whiteness of Wokeness — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "The Whiteness of Wokeness." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/whiteness-wokeness/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/whiteness-wokeness/ - **Topics:** Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — There Is No ‘Trans Genocide' — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "There Is No ‘Trans Genocide'." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/11/there-is-no-trans-genocide/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/11/there-is-no-trans-genocide/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Three Questions That Probably Doom California's Reparations Push — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Three Questions That Probably Doom California's Reparations Push." National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/10/three-questions-that-probably-doom-californias-reparations-push/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/10/three-questions-that-probably-doom-californias-reparations-push/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Tou Thao Sentence Double Standard of Justice — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Tou Thao Sentence Double Standard of Justice." National Review, 2020. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Tyre Nichols Killing Not about Black White Supremacy — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Tyre Nichols Killing Not about Black White Supremacy." National Review, 2023. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — We Need a Revenge of the Jocks — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "We Need a Revenge of the Jocks." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/we-need-a-revenge-of-the-jocks/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/we-need-a-revenge-of-the-jocks/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — We're Not an Outlier. Targeted Solutions Will Make America Safer Than Gun Control | Opinion — 2022 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "We're Not an Outlier. Targeted Solutions Will Make America Safer Than Gun Control | Opinion." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/were-not-outlier-targeted-solutions-will-make-america-safer-gun-control-opinion-1711251. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/were-not-outlier-targeted-solutions-will-make-america-safer-gun-control-opinion-1711251 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — What 'Free Palestine' and 'Black Lives Matter' Have in Common — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "What 'Free Palestine' and 'Black Lives Matter' Have in Common." Commentary, 2024, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/oppressor-oppressed-narrative-free-palestine-blm/. - **Publication:** Commentary - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/oppressor-oppressed-narrative-free-palestine-blm/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — What is Critical Race Theory, Really? — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "What is Critical Race Theory, Really?" City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/what-is-critical-race-theory-really. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/what-is-critical-race-theory-really - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — What the Left's Support for Hamas Means — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "What the Left's Support for Hamas Means." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/10/what-the-lefts-support-for-hamas-means/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/10/what-the-lefts-support-for-hamas-means/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — What's So Bad About Colonialism? — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "What's So Bad About Colonialism?" Minding the Campus, 2024, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/08/19/whats-so-bad-about-colonialism/. - **Publication:** Minding the Campus - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2024/08/19/whats-so-bad-about-colonialism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — What’s Wrong with the 1619 Project? — 2020 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "What’s Wrong with the 1619 Project?" PragerU.com, 2020, https://youtu.be/OrqFbyTABmQ. - **Publication:** PragerU.com - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://youtu.be/OrqFbyTABmQ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why 'National Divorce' Is an Insanely Bad Idea — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why 'National Divorce' Is an Insanely Bad Idea." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/02/why-national-divorce-is-an-insanely-bad-idea/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/02/why-national-divorce-is-an-insanely-bad-idea/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why Americans Are Getting More Conservative on the Trans Issue — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Americans Are Getting More Conservative on the Trans Issue." Newsweek, 2023, https://www.newsweek.com/why-americans-are-getting-more-conservative-trans-issue-opinion-1807238. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/why-americans-are-getting-more-conservative-trans-issue-opinion-1807238 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why Aren't People Getting Vaxxed? Because of Your Hypocrisy | Opinion — 2021 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Aren't People Getting Vaxxed? Because of Your Hypocrisy | Opinion." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/why-arent-people-getting-vaxxed-because-your-hypocrisy-opinion-1621574. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/why-arent-people-getting-vaxxed-because-your-hypocrisy-opinion-1621574 - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why the Rise in Trans Shooters? — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why the Rise in Trans Shooters?" National Review, 2024, https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/04/why-the-rise-in-trans-shooters/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2024/04/why-the-rise-in-trans-shooters/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why Thomas Sowell Matters — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Thomas Sowell Matters." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2023/11/why-thomas-sowell-matters/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2023/11/why-thomas-sowell-matters/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Why Woke Companies Deliberately Alienate Their Consumers — 2023 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Woke Companies Deliberately Alienate Their Consumers." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/why-woke-companies-deliberately-alienate-their-consumers/. - **Publication:** National Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2023/04/why-woke-companies-deliberately-alienate-their-consumers/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Reilly, Wilfred — Wilfred Reilly Has the Real Data on Racism and Policing — 2024 - **Citation:** Reilly, Wilfred. "Wilfred Reilly Has the Real Data on Racism and Policing." Dad Saves America YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9NupFXqIlg. - **Publication:** Dad Saves America YouTube Channel - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9NupFXqIlg - **Citation status:** complete ### Renfro, Gloster Herbert — Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago — 1916 - **Citation:** Renfro, Gloster Herbert. "Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago." Washington, D.C.: Robert L. Pendleton, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021. - **Publication:** Washington, D.C.: Robert L. Pendleton - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021 - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Review essay — REVIEW: Notes on Woke Racism — 2021 - **Citation:** Review essay. "REVIEW: Notes on Woke Racism." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/review-notes-on-woke-racism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/review-notes-on-woke-racism - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism, Religion, Wokeness (see also Anti-racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Reynolds, Barbara — I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter — 2015 - **Citation:** Reynolds, Barbara. "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter." Washington Post, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/08/24/i-was-a-civil-rights-activist-in-the-1960s-but-its-hard-for-me-to-get-behind-black-lives-matter/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/08/24/i-was-a-civil-rights-activist-in-the-1960s-but-its-hard-for-me-to-get-behind-black-lives-matter/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati — Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family — 2010 - **Citation:** Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati. Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family. Crown, 2010. - **Publication:** Crown - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati — No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington — 2011 - **Citation:** Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati. No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington. Crown, 2011. - **Publication:** Crown - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Richberg, Keith — Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa — 1997 - **Citation:** Richberg, Keith. Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa. 1997. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth — 2019 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-11557268819. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-11557268819 - **Topics:** Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — False Black Power? — 2017 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. False Black Power? Templeton Press, 2017. - **Publication:** Templeton Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase — 2020 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase. WSJ, 2020. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Let Them in: The Case for Open Borders — 2008 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. Let Them in: The Case for Open Borders. Gotham Books, 2008. - **Publication:** Gotham Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell — 2021 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell. Basic Books, 2021. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic — 2020 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic." The Wall Street Journal, 2020, https://manhattan.institute/article/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic. - **Publication:** The Wall Street Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://manhattan.institute/article/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed — 2016 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed. Encounter, 2016. - **Publication:** Encounter - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964 — 2021 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964." WSJ., 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-democrats-are-stuck-in-1964-11617747282. - **Publication:** WSJ. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-democrats-are-stuck-in-1964-11617747282 - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — The Full Truth About Race and Policing — 2020 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "The Full Truth About Race and Policing." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-full-truth-about-race-and-policing-11591744223. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-full-truth-about-race-and-policing-11591744223 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — The Predictable Consequences of ‘Defund the Police’ — 2021 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "The Predictable Consequences of ‘Defund the Police’." WSJ, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/consequences-of-defunding-the-police-libby-schaaf-violent-crime-rate-murder-public-safety-11638915238. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/consequences-of-defunding-the-police-libby-schaaf-violent-crime-rate-murder-public-safety-11638915238 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit — 2022 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-racial-progress-democrats-atlanta-georgia-speech-biden-vote-suppression-black-minority-voter-turnout-11642539202. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-racial-progress-democrats-atlanta-georgia-speech-biden-vote-suppression-black-minority-voter-turnout-11642539202 - **Topics:** Voting / Voter Suppression - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L — Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start — 2020 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start." WSJ/City Journal, 2020, https://www.manhattan-institute.org/thomas-sowell-has-been-right-from-the-start. - **Publication:** WSJ/City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.manhattan-institute.org/thomas-sowell-has-been-right-from-the-start - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L. — Jason L. Riley author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "Jason L. Riley author page." Manhattan Institute, n.d., https://www.manhattan-institute.org/expert/jason-l-riley. - **Publication:** Manhattan Institute - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.manhattan-institute.org/expert/jason-l-riley - **Citation status:** complete ### Riley, Jason L. — No, Police Racism Isn’t an Epidemic — 2020 - **Citation:** Riley, Jason L. "No, Police Racism Isn’t an Epidemic." Manhattan Institute, 2020, https://www.manhattan-institute.org/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic. - **Publication:** Manhattan Institute - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.manhattan-institute.org/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Robinson, Calvin — The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World — 2021 - **Citation:** Robinson, Calvin. "The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World." Weekly Standard, 2021, https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/the-new-age-of-empire-how-racism-and-colonialism-still-rule-the-world-by-kehinde-andrews-review-b918442.html. - **Publication:** Weekly Standard - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/the-new-age-of-empire-how-racism-and-colonialism-still-rule-the-world-by-kehinde-andrews-review-b918442.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Robinson, Calvin — Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right? — 2021 - **Citation:** Robinson, Calvin. "Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right?" The Telegraph, 2021, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/08/17/fury-racism-against-ethnic-minorities-right/. - **Publication:** The Telegraph - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/08/17/fury-racism-against-ethnic-minorities-right/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Robinson, Cedric J — Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition — 1983 - **Citation:** Robinson, Cedric J. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Zed Press, 1983. - **Publication:** Zed Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Robinson, Robert — Robert Robinson (1906-1994) — 2018 - **Citation:** Robinson, Robert. "Robert Robinson (1906-1994)." BlackPast, 2018, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/robinson-robert-1906-1994/. - **Publication:** BlackPast - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/robinson-robert-1906-1994/ - **Topics:** Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery) - **Citation status:** complete ### Robinson, Robert, and Jonathan Slevin — Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography — 1988 - **Citation:** Robinson, Robert, and Jonathan Slevin. Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography. Acropolis Books, 1988. - **Publication:** Acropolis Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Ross, Fran — Oreo — 1974 - **Citation:** Ross, Fran. Oreo. Northeastern University Press, 1974. - **Publication:** Northeastern University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Ross, Loretta J — Calling in the Calling Out Culture — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Ross, Loretta J. Calling in the Calling Out Culture. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) - **Citation status:** complete ### Ross, Loretta J — I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic — 2019 - **Citation:** Ross, Loretta J. "I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." New York Times, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/17/opinion/sunday/cancel-culture-call-out.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/17/opinion/sunday/cancel-culture-call-out.html - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech) - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — A Vision of Black Success — 2022 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "A Vision of Black Success." Acton Institute, 2022, https://www.acton.org/religion-liberty/volume-35-number-3/vision-black-success. - **Publication:** Acton Institute - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.acton.org/religion-liberty/volume-35-number-3/vision-black-success - **Topics:** Economics - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement — 2021 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028 - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’ — 2022 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’." New York Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/06/04/heres-why-all-students-need-agency-rather-than-equity/. - **Publication:** New York Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://nypost.com/2022/06/04/heres-why-all-students-need-agency-rather-than-equity/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Ian Rowe profile — n.d. - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Ian Rowe profile." Public Prep, n.d., https://www.publicprep.org/. - **Publication:** Public Prep - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.publicprep.org/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes." How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow’s Schools, 2020, https://www.aei.org/articles/measure-what-matters/. - **Publication:** How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow’s Schools - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aei.org/articles/measure-what-matters/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers — 2021 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers." USA Today, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/06/17/single-moms-great-families-dads-better/7705997002/. - **Publication:** USA Today - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/06/17/single-moms-great-families-dads-better/7705997002/ - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Testimony: On creating an opportunity society and upward mobility for people of all races. Statement as prepared for delivery before the Joint Economic Committee — 2021 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Testimony: On creating an opportunity society and upward mobility for people of all races. Statement as prepared for delivery before the Joint Economic Committee." AEI, 2021, https://www.aei.org/research-products/testimony/testimony-on-creating-an-opportunity-society-and-upward-mobility-for-people-of-all-races/. - **Publication:** AEI - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aei.org/research-products/testimony/testimony-on-creating-an-opportunity-society-and-upward-mobility-for-people-of-all-races/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — Testimony: We have fought racial segregation before, we can fight racial segregation again. Statement before the Rhode Island State Legislature — 2021 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "Testimony: We have fought racial segregation before, we can fight racial segregation again. Statement before the Rhode Island State Legislature." AEI., 2021, https://www.aei.org/research-products/testimony/testimony-we-have-fought-racial-segregation-before-we-can-fight-racial-segregation-again/. - **Publication:** AEI. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.aei.org/research-products/testimony/testimony-we-have-fought-racial-segregation-before-we-can-fight-racial-segregation-again/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations." Thomas Fordham Institute, February 18, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/1619-project-perpetuates-soft-bigotry-low-expectations. - **Publication:** Thomas Fordham Institute, February 18, 2020 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/1619-project-perpetuates-soft-bigotry-low-expectations - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — The Power of Personal Agency — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "The Power of Personal Agency." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-personal-agency-11592770867. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-personal-agency-11592770867 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — The power of the two-parent home is not a myth — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "The power of the two-parent home is not a myth." Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/power-two-parent-home-not-myth. - **Publication:** Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/power-two-parent-home-not-myth - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike." USA Today, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/12/06/anti-racism-lowering-expectations-education-just-form-soft-bigotry-column/6410954002/. - **Publication:** USA Today - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/12/06/anti-racism-lowering-expectations-education-just-form-soft-bigotry-column/6410954002/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Rowe, Ian — The Unwelcome Success of Charter Schools — 2020 - **Citation:** Rowe, Ian. "The Unwelcome Success of Charter Schools." Law & Liberty, 2020, https://lawliberty.org/book-review/the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools/. - **Publication:** Law & Liberty - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lawliberty.org/book-review/the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Rustin, Bayard — ​​I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's life in letters — 2012 - **Citation:** Rustin, Bayard. ​​I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's life in letters. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012. - **Publication:** San Francisco: City Lights Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Rustin, Bayard — Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin — 2014 - **Citation:** Rustin, Bayard. Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin. Cleis, 2014. - **Publication:** Cleis - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Sabrina Joy Stevens — The Counter-Disinformation Industry Promotes Left-wing Groupthink, Not Truth — 2024 - **Citation:** Sabrina Joy Stevens. "The Counter-Disinformation Industry Promotes Left-wing Groupthink, Not Truth." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-disinformation-industry-promotes. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-disinformation-industry-promotes - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Sailor, Angela — America Isn’t Just Where I Live. It’s My Home — 2019 - **Citation:** Sailor, Angela. "America Isn’t Just Where I Live. It’s My Home." Heritage Foundation, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/conservatism/commentary/america-isnt-just-where-i-live-its-my-home. - **Publication:** Heritage Foundation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.heritage.org/conservatism/commentary/america-isnt-just-where-i-live-its-my-home - **Citation status:** complete ### Salem Center for Policy — Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly — 2022 - **Citation:** Salem Center for Policy. "Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVL4 UxVTBA. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVL4 UxVTBA - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — Don’t Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?, — 2015 - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "Don’t Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?,." The New Yorker, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/09/dont-like. - **Publication:** The New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/09/dont-like - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — Is Gentrification Really a Problem? — 2016 - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/11/is-gentrification-really-a-problem. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/11/is-gentrification-really-a-problem - **Topics:** Gentrification - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — Kelefa Sanneh author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "Kelefa Sanneh author page." New Yorker, n.d., https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/kelefa-sanneh. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/kelefa-sanneh - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — The Fight to Redefine Racism — 2019 - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Fight to Redefine Racism." Stamped from the Beginning, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/19/the-fight-to-redefine-racism. - **Publication:** Stamped from the Beginning - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/19/the-fight-to-redefine-racism - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — The Limits of Diversity, — 2017 - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Limits of Diversity,." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/the-limits-of-diversity. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/the-limits-of-diversity - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Sanneh, Kelefa — Untangling the Immigration Debate, — 2016 - **Citation:** Sanneh, Kelefa. "Untangling the Immigration Debate,." The New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/31/untangling-the-immigration-debate. - **Publication:** The New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/31/untangling-the-immigration-debate - **Topics:** Immigration - **Citation status:** complete ### Scarborough, William Sanders — The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship — 2004 - **Citation:** Scarborough, William Sanders. The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship. Wayne State University Press, 2004. - **Publication:** Wayne State University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Scarborough, William Sanders — The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader — 2006 - **Citation:** Scarborough, William Sanders. The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader. Oxford University Press, 2006. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Schuyler, George — Black No More — 1931 - **Citation:** Schuyler, George. Black No More. 1931. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — ‘Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth’ — 2021 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. "‘Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth’." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/bad-history-and-worse-social-science-have-replaced-truth. - **Publication:** Chronicle of Higher Education - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.chronicle.com/article/bad-history-and-worse-social-science-have-replaced-truth - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition — 2008 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition. by Woodson, Carter G, 2008. - **Publication:** by Woodson, Carter G - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880-1996 — 1997 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880-1996. University of North Carolina Press, 1997. - **Publication:** University of North Carolina Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis — 2012 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis." Fire!!!, 2012, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/fire.1.2.0006. - **Publication:** Fire!!! - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/fire.1.2.0006 - **Topics:** Black Nationalism - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — Mis-Education of the Negro — 2005 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. Mis-Education of the Negro. by Woodson, Carter G, 2005. - **Publication:** by Woodson, Carter G - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — The 74 Interview: Howard Historian Daryl Scott on ‘Grievance History,’ the 1619 Project and the ‘Possibility that We Rend Ourselves on the Question of Race’, — 2022 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. "The 74 Interview: Howard Historian Daryl Scott on ‘Grievance History,’ the 1619 Project and the ‘Possibility that We Rend Ourselves on the Question of Race’,." The 74, 2022, https://www.the74million.org/article/the-74-interview-howard-historian-daryl-scott-on-grievance-history-the-1619-project-and-the-possibility-that-we-rend-ourselves-on-the-question-of-race/. - **Publication:** The 74 - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.the74million.org/article/the-74-interview-howard-historian-daryl-scott-on-grievance-history-the-1619-project-and-the-possibility-that-we-rend-ourselves-on-the-question-of-race/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — The Negro in Sports — 2014 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. The Negro in Sports. by Henderson, Edwin Bancroft with an Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony, 2014. - **Publication:** by Henderson, Edwin Bancroft with an Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Scott, Daryl Michael — The Scandal of Thirteentherism — 2021 - **Citation:** Scott, Daryl Michael. The Scandal of Thirteentherism. Liberties, 2021. - **Publication:** Liberties - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery, Thirteenth Amendment - **Citation status:** complete ### See https://bit.ly/3hWTWWC — See - **Citation:** See https://bit.ly/3hWTWWC. "See." https://bit.ly/3hWTWWC. - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://bit.ly/3hWTWWC - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Senna, Danzy — An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race, — 2015 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. "An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race,." New Yorker, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/an-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/an-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race - **Citation status:** complete ### Senna, Danzy — Caucasia — 1998 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. Caucasia. Riverhead, 1998. - **Publication:** Riverhead - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Senna, Danzy — George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time, — 2018 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. "George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time,." NYRB, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/01/19/george-schuyler-an-afrofuturist-before-his-time/. - **Publication:** NYRB - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/01/19/george-schuyler-an-afrofuturist-before-his-time/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Senna, Danzy — Symptomatic — 2004 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. Symptomatic. 2004. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Senna, Danzy — Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History — 2009 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History. 2009. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Senna, Danzy — You Are Free: Short stories — 2011 - **Citation:** Senna, Danzy. You Are Free: Short stories. 2011. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sewell, Tony — Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities — 2021 - **Citation:** Sewell, Tony. "Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-statement. - **Publication:** GOV.UK - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-statement - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Sey, Samuel — Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory — 2020 - **Citation:** Sey, Samuel. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/do-not-grow-weary-rejecting-critical-race-theory/. - **Publication:** Slow To Write - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://slowtowrite.com/do-not-grow-weary-rejecting-critical-race-theory/ - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Sey, Samuel — How to Be A Racist — 2020 - **Citation:** Sey, Samuel. "How to Be A Racist." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/how-to-be-a-racist/. - **Publication:** Slow To Write - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://slowtowrite.com/how-to-be-a-racist/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Sey, Samuel — Samuel Sey - **Citation:** Sey, Samuel. "Samuel Sey." Slow To Write, https://slowtowrite.com/. - **Publication:** Slow To Write - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://slowtowrite.com/ - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Sheena Mason — Theory of Racelessness: A Case for Antirace(ism) — 2021 - **Citation:** Sheena Mason. "Theory of Racelessness: A Case for Antirace(ism)." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/theory-of-racelessness-a-case-for. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/theory-of-racelessness-a-case-for - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Sheena Michele Mason — The Togetherness Wayfinder — 2024 - **Citation:** Sheena Michele Mason. "The Togetherness Wayfinder." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-togetherness-wayfinder. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-togetherness-wayfinder - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Sheena Michele Mason and Donna Druchunas — "I Am American" — 2022 - **Citation:** Sheena Michele Mason and Donna Druchunas. ""I Am American"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-american. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-american - **Topics:** Identity politics, Patriotism, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Sheena Michele Mason and Donna Druchunas — Racelessness — 2023 - **Citation:** Sheena Michele Mason and Donna Druchunas. "Racelessness." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racelessness. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racelessness - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Identity politics, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Shelby, Tommie — To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. — 2018 - **Citation:** Shelby, Tommie. To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. - **Publication:** Belknap Press of Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — A Handbook for the Administration of Special Black Collections — 1970 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. A Handbook for the Administration of Special Black Collections. 1970. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — A Handbook of Black Librarianship — 1977 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. A Handbook of Black Librarianship. 1977. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — A History of Public Library Services to Negroes in the South, 1900–1955 — 1960 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. A History of Public Library Services to Negroes in the South, 1900–1955. 1960. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — A World of Lonely Strangers — 1950 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. A World of Lonely Strangers. 1950. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — Afro-American Women Writers. 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide — 1989 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. Afro-American Women Writers. 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide. New Haven, CT: Meridian Books, 1989. - **Publication:** New Haven, CT: Meridian Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — Celebrating Hotchclaw — 2005 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. Celebrating Hotchclaw. 2005. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory — 1973 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory. 1973. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — Not to Be Alone — 1950 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. Not to Be Alone. 1950. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — Say Jesus and Come to Me — 1982 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. Say Jesus and Come to Me. 1982. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — The Black and White of It — 1980 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. The Black and White of It. 1980. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Shockley, Ann Allen — The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview, — 1983 - **Citation:** Shockley, Ann Allen. The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview,. Home girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, 1983. - **Publication:** Home girls: A Black Feminist Anthology - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — ‘We Didn’t Start the Fire’ — 2019 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "‘We Didn’t Start the Fire’." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/we-didnt-start-the-fire/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/we-didnt-start-the-fire/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — "I Am Not Your Negro" — 2023 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. ""I Am Not Your Negro"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-not-your-negro. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-not-your-negro - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — A Tale of Two Choices — 2019 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "A Tale of Two Choices." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-tale-of-two-choices/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-tale-of-two-choices/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies — 2024 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2024, https://www.calethstudies.org/ethnic-studies-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies. - **Publication:** Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.calethstudies.org/ethnic-studies-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked — 2020 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-history-is-unique-it-cant-be-hijacked/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-history-is-unique-it-cant-be-hijacked/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Brandy Shufutinsky author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Brandy Shufutinsky author page." Times of Israel, n.d., https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/author/brandy-shufutinsky/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/author/brandy-shufutinsky/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive — 2021 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive." Orange County Register, 2021, https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/13/ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divisive/. - **Publication:** Orange County Register - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/13/ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divisive/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Reform movement detaches from fighting bigotry — 2020 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Reform movement detaches from fighting bigotry." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/reform-movement-detaches-from-fighting-bigotry/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/reform-movement-detaches-from-fighting-bigotry/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Stop Co-opting our struggle — 2019 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Co-opting our struggle." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/stop-co-opting-our-struggle/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/stop-co-opting-our-struggle/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive — 2021 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/stop-dividing-children-race-its-harmful-divisive-opinion-1653608. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/stop-dividing-children-race-its-harmful-divisive-opinion-1653608 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — The Bigotry of Low Expectations — 2024 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "The Bigotry of Low Expectations." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-bigotry-of-low-expectations. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-bigotry-of-low-expectations - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — To Bigotry No Sanction — 2019 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "To Bigotry No Sanction." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/to-bigotry-no-sanction-2/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/to-bigotry-no-sanction-2/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Unapologetic — 2020 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Unapologetic." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/unapologetic/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/unapologetic/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — We Are Being Hoodwinked — 2020 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "We Are Being Hoodwinked." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/we-are-being-hoodwinked/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/we-are-being-hoodwinked/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Shufutinsky, Brandy — Why I Won’t ‘Vote Blue No Matter Who’ — 2020 - **Citation:** Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Why I Won’t ‘Vote Blue No Matter Who’." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/why-i-wont-vote-blue-no-matter-who/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/why-i-wont-vote-blue-no-matter-who/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — An old way to be an antiracist — 2021 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "An old way to be an antiracist." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/an-old-way-to-be-antiracist. - **Publication:** Mustard Seeds/Substack. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/an-old-way-to-be-antiracist - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism — 2021 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/anti-racecraft-vs-colorblind-racism. - **Publication:** Mustard Seeds/Substack. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/anti-racecraft-vs-colorblind-racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — How do we make sure that Black students matter? — 2020 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "How do we make sure that Black students matter?" Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2020, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students. - **Publication:** Mustard Seeds/Substack. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs — 2020 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/im-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility/. - **Publication:** The Bellows - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thebellows.org/im-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility/ - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’ — 2020 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’." Class Unity, 2020, https://classunity.org/racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility/. - **Publication:** Class Unity - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://classunity.org/racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility/ - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — Racism is no illusion. ‘Racecraft’ is — 2021 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism is no illusion. ‘Racecraft’ is." The Third Rail, 2021, https://thethirdrail.substack.com/p/racism-is-no-illusion-racecraft-is. - **Publication:** The Third Rail - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thethirdrail.substack.com/p/racism-is-no-illusion-racecraft-is - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Simmons, Cedrick-Michael — Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism — 2021 - **Citation:** Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/toure-reed-and-the-limits-of-structural. - **Publication:** Mustard Seeds/Substack. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/toure-reed-and-the-limits-of-structural - **Citation status:** complete ### Sinyangwe, Samuel — Twitter Thread on Research-Based Solutions to Stop Police Violence — 2019 - **Citation:** Sinyangwe, Samuel. "Twitter Thread on Research-Based Solutions to Stop Police Violence." X, 2019, https://twitter.com/samswey/status/1180655701271732224. - **Publication:** X - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://twitter.com/samswey/status/1180655701271732224 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Barbara, editor — Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology — 2000 - **Citation:** Smith, Barbara, editor. Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Rutgers University Press, 2000, https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9780813527536. - **Publication:** Rutgers University Press - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9780813527536 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, David Lionel — Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse — 1984 - **Citation:** Smith, David Lionel. "Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse." Mark Twain Journal,, 1984. - **Publication:** Mark Twain Journal, - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — 'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People — 2022 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/everythings-gonna-be-all-white-is. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/everythings-gonna-be-all-white-is - **Topics:** Art & literature, Race, Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — ‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’ — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’." Penn Live, 2020, https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2020/08/skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-opinion.html. - **Publication:** Penn Live - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2020/08/skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-opinion.html - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — A Critique of Anti-Racism in Rhetoric and Composition — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "A Critique of Anti-Racism in Rhetoric and Composition." Heterodox Academy:, 2021, https://youtu.be/fez0cN FhoM. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy: - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://youtu.be/fez0cN FhoM - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment. Lexington Books, 2020. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — A Rhetoric of Common Values — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "A Rhetoric of Common Values." Heterodox: The Blog, 2020, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/a-rhetoric-of-common-values/. - **Publication:** Heterodox: The Blog - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/a-rhetoric-of-common-values/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Anti-racism in Academia — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Anti-racism in Academia." Heterodox Academy: Member Spotlight, 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/events/member-spotlight-anti-racism-in-academia/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy: Member Spotlight - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/events/member-spotlight-anti-racism-in-academia/ - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Black History Month? How about focusing on black empowerment? — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Black History Month? How about focusing on black empowerment?" York Daily Record, 2020, https://amp.ydr.com/amp/4794009002. - **Publication:** York Daily Record - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://amp.ydr.com/amp/4794009002 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Buddhism’s Pedagogical Contribution to Mindfulness — 2015 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Buddhism’s Pedagogical Contribution to Mindfulness." Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning, 2015. - **Publication:** Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Classical Liberalism and the Line Dividing Black America — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Classical Liberalism and the Line Dividing Black America." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/classical-liberalism-line-dividing-black-america-opinion-1569718. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/classical-liberalism-line-dividing-black-america-opinion-1569718 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Creamy Nougat — 2007 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. Creamy Nougat. Community Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Community Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Cultural Logics, Impact, and the State of ‘Scholarship in Composition’ — 2015 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Cultural Logics, Impact, and the State of ‘Scholarship in Composition’." Symposium on Critical Retrospections on the 1987 CCCC Position Statement 'Scholarship in Composition'. https://www.academia.edu/36249993/Cultural Logics Impact and the State of Scholarship in Composition in Symposium on Critical Retrospections on the 1987 CCCC Position Statement Scholarship in Composition pdf. - **Publication:** Symposium on Critical Retrospections on the 1987 CCCC Position Statement 'Scholarship in Composition' - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.academia.edu/36249993/Cultural Logics Impact and the State of Scholarship in Composition in Symposium on Critical Retrospections on the 1987 CCCC Position Statement Scholarship in Composition pdf - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Do we get too excited about Black Americans’ ‘firsts’? — 2022 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Do we get too excited about Black Americans’ ‘firsts’?" New York Daily News, 2022, https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-we-get-too-excited-about-black-americans-firsts-20220321-vkegrlyz6fexjgs4vwadxeqlxi-story.html. - **Publication:** New York Daily News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-we-get-too-excited-about-black-americans-firsts-20220321-vkegrlyz6fexjgs4vwadxeqlxi-story.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Fat Tactics: The Rhetoric and Structure of the Fat Acceptance Movement — 2019 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. Fat Tactics: The Rhetoric and Structure of the Fat Acceptance Movement. Lexington Books, 2019. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE — 2023 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/foreword-to-letters-in-black-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/foreword-to-letters-in-black-and - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture), Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Free Black Thought: A Manifesto — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/free-black-thought-a-manifesto. - **Publication:** Persuasion - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.persuasion.community/p/free-black-thought-a-manifesto - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability — 2016 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability." Knox News, 2016, https://amp.knoxnews.com/amp/80792474. - **Publication:** Knox News - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://amp.knoxnews.com/amp/80792474 - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Making Room for Fat Studies in Writing Center Theory and Practice — 2012 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Making Room for Fat Studies in Writing Center Theory and Practice." Praxis: A Writing Center Journal, 2012, http://www.praxisuwc.com/smith-101. - **Publication:** Praxis: A Writing Center Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.praxisuwc.com/smith-101 - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Redefining 'Harm' Infantilizes People of Color — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Redefining 'Harm' Infantilizes People of Color." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/redefining-harm-infantilizes-people-color-opinion-1581113. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/redefining-harm-infantilizes-people-color-opinion-1581113 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — The Impact of DEI on College Campuses — 2024 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — The Importance of Intrapersonal Empowerment in American Race Relations — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "The Importance of Intrapersonal Empowerment in American Race Relations." Heterodox Academy, 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/the-importance-of-intrapersonal-empowerment/. - **Publication:** Heterodox Academy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/the-importance-of-intrapersonal-empowerment/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — The Loss of the Black Individual — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "The Loss of the Black Individual." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/ - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — The Lotus Sutra as Rhetorical Doctrine: Toward a Spiritual Paradigm Shift in Academia — 2009 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "The Lotus Sutra as Rhetorical Doctrine: Toward a Spiritual Paradigm Shift in Academia." Journal of South Texas English Studies, 2009, http://southtexasenglish.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-beginnings-volume-1-issue-1.html. - **Publication:** Journal of South Texas English Studies - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://southtexasenglish.blogspot.com/2009/12/new-beginnings-volume-1-issue-1.html - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — The Making of Barack Obama: The Politics of Persuasion — 2013 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. The Making of Barack Obama: The Politics of Persuasion. Parlor Press, 2013. - **Publication:** Parlor Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/african-american-viewpoint-diversity-in-academia. - **Publication:** City Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/african-american-viewpoint-diversity-in-academia - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Towards Practical Empowerment — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Towards Practical Empowerment." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/02/19/towards-practical-empowerment/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/02/19/towards-practical-empowerment/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Uncanceling the Canceled — 2026 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Uncanceling the Canceled." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uncanceling-the-canceled. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uncanceling-the-canceled - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech), DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Virtue racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Virtue racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/18/virtue-racism/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/18/virtue-racism/ - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — What to Do When You’re the Wrong Kind of Black Person — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "What to Do When You’re the Wrong Kind of Black Person." Discourse, 2021, https://www.discoursemagazine.com/culture-and-society/2021/11/16/what-to-do-when-youre-the-wrong-kind-of-black-person/. - **Publication:** Discourse - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.discoursemagazine.com/culture-and-society/2021/11/16/what-to-do-when-youre-the-wrong-kind-of-black-person/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools." York Daily Record, 2021, https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2021/10/21/yes-form-crt-being-taught-our-schools-opinion/6116736001/. - **Publication:** York Daily Record - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2021/10/21/yes-form-crt-being-taught-our-schools-opinion/6116736001/ - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — When it Comes to Fighting Racism, Intentions and Context Matter — 2021 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "When it Comes to Fighting Racism, Intentions and Context Matter." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/when-it-comes-fighting-racism-intentions-context-matter-opinion-1582459. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/when-it-comes-fighting-racism-intentions-context-matter-opinion-1582459 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Why I Still Talk to White People About Racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Why I Still Talk to White People About Racism." Newsweek, 2020, https://www.newsweek.com/why-i-still-talk-white-people-about-racism-opinion-1516309. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/why-i-still-talk-white-people-about-racism-opinion-1516309 - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Why Rhetoric Still Matters — 2022 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Why Rhetoric Still Matters." Discourse, 2022, https://www.discoursemagazine.com/culture-and-society/2022/03/03/why-rhetoric-still-matters/. - **Publication:** Discourse - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.discoursemagazine.com/culture-and-society/2022/03/03/why-rhetoric-still-matters/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec — Writing Under the Bodhi Tree — 2005 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec. "Writing Under the Bodhi Tree." Academic Exchange Quarterly, 2005, http://rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/cho2960l5.htm. - **Publication:** Academic Exchange Quarterly - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://rapidintellect.com/AEQweb/cho2960l5.htm - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Erec, J. Cohen, P. Mathieu, J. Sosnoski, B. H. Tsemo, and V. A. Young — CultureWise: Narrative as Research, Research as Narrative — 1999-2000 - **Citation:** Smith, Erec, J. Cohen, P. Mathieu, J. Sosnoski, B. H. Tsemo, and V. A. Young. "CultureWise: Narrative as Research, Research as Narrative." Works and Days, 1999-2000, http://www.worksanddays.net/1999-2000/23-Sosnoski Sosnoski.pdf. - **Publication:** Works and Days - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.worksanddays.net/1999-2000/23-Sosnoski Sosnoski.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, James McCune — The Works of James McCune Smith : Black Intellectual and Abolitionist — 2006 - **Citation:** Smith, James McCune. The Works of James McCune Smith : Black Intellectual and Abolitionist. Oxford University Press, 2006. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Melissa — Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let’s be rational about the risk children face in American schools — 2022 - **Citation:** Smith, Melissa. "Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let’s be rational about the risk children face in American schools." Medium, 2022, https://medium.com/@melissasmith 50058/why-do-we-fixate-on-school-shootings-d57da6f84b51. - **Publication:** Medium - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/@melissasmith 50058/why-do-we-fixate-on-school-shootings-d57da6f84b51 - **Topics:** Guns/2nd Amendment - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — American Politics and the Liberal Arts College, — 2014 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. "American Politics and the Liberal Arts College,." Polity, 2014. - **Publication:** Polity - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — Obama, Race and Urban Policy — 2016 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. "Obama, Race and Urban Policy." Urban Policy in the Time of Obama, 2016. - **Publication:** Urban Policy in the Time of Obama - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago — 2012 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago. University of Minnesota Press, 2012. - **Publication:** University of Minnesota Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism, — 1999 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. "Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism,." Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality, 1999. - **Publication:** Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago — 2000 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. "The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago." Journal of Urban History, 2000. - **Publication:** Journal of Urban History - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Preston H., II — Which Black Lives Matter? — 2020 - **Citation:** Smith, Preston H., II. "Which Black Lives Matter?" Catalyst, 2020, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol4/no3/which-black-lives-matter. - **Publication:** Catalyst - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://catalyst-journal.com/vol4/no3/which-black-lives-matter - **Topics:** Class: see also Wealth gap, Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Smith, Zadie — Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain? — 2017 - **Citation:** Smith, Zadie. "Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain?" The New Yorker, 2017, https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/. - **Publication:** The New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/ - **Topics:** “Authenticity” - **Citation status:** complete ### Social science — The Ghost in the Machine — 2024 - **Citation:** Social science. "The Ghost in the Machine." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-ghost-in-the-machine. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-ghost-in-the-machine - **Topics:** Economics - **Citation status:** complete ### Sopranos Out of Context — Sopranos Out of Context — n.d. - **Citation:** Sopranos Out of Context. "Sopranos Out of Context." X, n.d., https://twitter.com/oocsopranos. - **Publication:** X - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://twitter.com/oocsopranos - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles — 2007 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles. New York: Basic Books, 2007. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — A Legacy of Liberalism — 2014 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "A Legacy of Liberalism." Creators, 2014, https://www.creators.com/read/thomas-sowell/11/14/a-legacy-of-liberalism. - **Publication:** Creators - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.creators.com/read/thomas-sowell/11/14/a-legacy-of-liberalism - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — A Man of Letters — 2007 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. A Man of Letters. New York: Encounter Books, 2007. - **Publication:** New York: Encounter Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — A Personal Odyssey — 2000 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. A Personal Odyssey. New York: Free Press, 2000. - **Publication:** New York: Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study — 2004 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. - **Publication:** New Haven: Yale University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia? — 1975 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia?" American Enterprise Institute, 1975, https://onesearch.northeastern.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9952336466001401/01NEU INST:NUL. - **Publication:** American Enterprise Institute - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://onesearch.northeastern.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9952336466001401/01NEU INST:NUL - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One — 2004 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One. Basic Books, 2004. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Barbarians inside the Gates and Other Controversial Essays — 1999 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Barbarians inside the Gates and Other Controversial Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 1999. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Basic Economics: A Common Sense Guide to the Economy — 2015 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Basic Economics: A Common Sense Guide to the Economy. New York: Basic Books, 2015. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Black Education: Myths and Tragedies — 1972 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Black Education: Myths and Tragedies. Longman, 1972. - **Publication:** Longman - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Black Rednecks and White Liberals — 2005 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Black Rednecks and White Liberals. New York: Encounter Books, 2005. - **Publication:** New York: Encounter Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Charter Schools and Their Enemies — 2020 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Charter Schools and Their Enemies. Basic Books, 2020. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality — 1984 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1984. - **Publication:** New York: William Morrow & Co - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Classical Economics Reconsidered — 1974 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Classical Economics Reconsidered. Princeton University Press, 1974. - **Publication:** Princeton University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Compassion versus guilt, and other essays — 1987 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Compassion versus guilt, and other essays. William Morrow and Company, 1987. - **Publication:** William Morrow and Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Conquests And Cultures: An International History — 1998 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Conquests And Cultures: An International History. New York: Basic Books, 1998. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Controversial Essays — 2002 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Controversial Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Discrimination and Disparities — 2019 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Discrimination and Disparities. Basic Books, 2019. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism), Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Dismantling America and other controversial essays — 2010 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Dismantling America and other controversial essays. Basic Books, 2010. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Economic Facts and Fallacies — 2008 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Economic Facts and Fallacies. New York: Basic Books, 2008. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Education: Assumptions Versus History: Collected Papers — 1986 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Education: Assumptions Versus History: Collected Papers. Hoover Institution Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Ethnic America: A History — 1981 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Ethnic America: A History. New York: Basic Books, 1981. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Ethnicity and IQ — 1995 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "Ethnicity and IQ." The Bell Curve, 1995, https://medium.com/@hamilt0n/ethnicity-and-iq-4a2b1ea20178. - **Publication:** The Bell Curve - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://medium.com/@hamilt0n/ethnicity-and-iq-4a2b1ea20178 - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Ever Wonder Why And Other Controversial Essays — 2006 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Ever Wonder Why And Other Controversial Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 2006. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas — 1993 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas. The Free Press, 1993. - **Publication:** The Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Academia - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Intellectuals and Race — 2013 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Intellectuals and Race. New York: Basic Books, 2013. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Intellectuals and Society — 2012 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Intellectuals and Society. New York: Basic Books, 2012. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Is Reality Optional? And Other Essays — 1993 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Is Reality Optional? And Other Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 1993. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Is truth irrelevant? — 2020 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "Is truth irrelevant?" Creators, 2020, https://www.creators.com/read/thomas-sowell/01/21/is-truth-irrelevant. - **Publication:** Creators - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.creators.com/read/thomas-sowell/01/21/is-truth-irrelevant - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Judicial Activism Reconsidered — 1989 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Judicial Activism Reconsidered. Hoover Institution Press, 1989. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Knowledge And Decisions — 1996 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Knowledge And Decisions. Basic Books, 1996. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Late-talking Children — 1997 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Late-talking Children. Basic Books, 1997. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Markets and Minorities — 1981 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Markets and Minorities. Basic Books, 1981. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Marxism: Philosophy and Economics — 1985 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Marxism: Philosophy and Economics. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1985. - **Publication:** New York: William Morrow & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Migrations and Cultures: A World View — 1996 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Migrations and Cultures: A World View. New York: Basic Books, 1996. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Pink and Brown People and Other Controversial Essays — 1981 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Pink and Brown People and Other Controversial Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 1981. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Preferential Policies: An International Perspective — 1990 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Preferential Policies: An International Perspective. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1990. - **Publication:** New York: William Morrow & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Race and Culture: A World View — 1994 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Race and Culture: A World View. New York: Basic Books, 1994. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Race and Economics — 1975 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Race and Economics. David McKay Company, Inc, 1975. - **Publication:** David McKay Company, Inc - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Social Justice Fallacies — 2023 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Social Justice Fallacies. Basic Books, 2023, https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-sowell/social-justice-fallacies/9781541603929/?lens=basic-books. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-sowell/social-justice-fallacies/9781541603929/?lens=basic-books - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Dumbest Idea — 2016 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "The Dumbest Idea." National review, 2016, https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/07/sowell-stupid-idea-equal-representation/. - **Publication:** National review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/07/sowell-stupid-idea-equal-representation/ - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Economics and Politics of Race: An International Perspective — 1983 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. The Economics and Politics of Race: An International Perspective. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1983. - **Publication:** New York: William Morrow & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Einstein Syndrome: Bright Children Who Talk Late — 2002 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. The Einstein Syndrome: Bright Children Who Talk Late. Basic Books, 2002, https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/thomas-sowell/the-einstein-syndrome/9780465081417/. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/thomas-sowell/the-einstein-syndrome/9780465081417/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Great Gun Control Fallacy — 2012 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. "The Great Gun Control Fallacy." The Guardian, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/dec/18/great-gun-control-fallacy-thomas-sowell. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/dec/18/great-gun-control-fallacy-thomas-sowell - **Topics:** Guns/2nd Amendment - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Housing Boom and Bust — 2010 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. The Housing Boom and Bust. Basic Books, 2010, https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-sowell/the-housing-boom-and-bust/9780786747559/?lens=basic-books. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-sowell/the-housing-boom-and-bust/9780786747559/?lens=basic-books - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Quest for Cosmic Justice — 1999 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. The Quest for Cosmic Justice. New York: Free Press, 1999. - **Publication:** New York: Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy — 1995 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy. New York: Basic Books, 1995. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Thomas Sowell Reader — 2011 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Thomas Sowell Reader. Basic Books, 2011. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Sowell, Thomas — Wealth, Poverty and Politics — 2016 - **Citation:** Sowell, Thomas. Wealth, Poverty and Politics. New York: Basic Books, 2016. - **Publication:** New York: Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Soyinka, Wole — Art, Dialogue, and Outrage — 1988 - **Citation:** Soyinka, Wole. Art, Dialogue, and Outrage. 1988. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Soyinka, Wole — Myth, Literature, and the African World — 1976 - **Citation:** Soyinka, Wole. Myth, Literature, and the African World. Cambridge University Press, 1976. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Speaks, Angie — Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism — 2022 - **Citation:** Speaks, Angie. "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/johnny-depps-victory-crack-moral-armor-liberal-feminism-opinion-1712437. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/johnny-depps-victory-crack-moral-armor-liberal-feminism-opinion-1712437 - **Topics:** Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Speciesism, A Morality Trap — When Vegans Appropriate Atrocity — 2026 - **Citation:** Speciesism, A Morality Trap. "When Vegans Appropriate Atrocity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/when-vegans-appropriate-atrocity. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/when-vegans-appropriate-atrocity - **Topics:** Cultural Appropriation, Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Spiked — The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly — 2021 - **Citation:** Spiked. "The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9U9NwZPEKA. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9U9NwZPEKA - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family — 2021 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family." The Blaze, 2021, https://www.theblaze.com/fearless/oped/squires-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-the-groups-out-to-destroy-the-nuclear-family. - **Publication:** The Blaze - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theblaze.com/fearless/oped/squires-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-the-groups-out-to-destroy-the-nuclear-family - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics — 2024 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-politics. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-politics - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes — 2020 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes." The Federalist, 2020, https://thefederalist.com/2020/12/22/dear-democrats-stop-treating-black-men-like-were-stupid-or-lose-more-votes/. - **Publication:** The Federalist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thefederalist.com/2020/12/22/dear-democrats-stop-treating-black-men-like-were-stupid-or-lose-more-votes/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Delano Squires profile — n.d. - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Delano Squires profile." Truth, No Chaser, n.d., http://truthnochaser.com/. - **Publication:** Truth, No Chaser - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://truthnochaser.com/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism — 2021 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism." 1776Unites, 2021, https://1776unites.com/essays/frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism/. - **Publication:** 1776Unites - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://1776unites.com/essays/frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — It's Time to Fight for the Black Family — 2022 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "It's Time to Fight for the Black Family." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-fight-black-family-opinion-1676986. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-fight-black-family-opinion-1676986 - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them — 2021 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/04/01/left-claims-to-care-about-black-lives-while-abandoning-them/. - **Publication:** The Federalist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thefederalist.com/2021/04/01/left-claims-to-care-about-black-lives-while-abandoning-them/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students — 2021 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/03/03/the-lefts-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-students/. - **Publication:** The Federalist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thefederalist.com/2021/03/03/the-lefts-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-students/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Disparity (see also Equality and Equity), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Squires, Delano — Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist — 2021 - **Citation:** Squires, Delano. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/. - **Publication:** The Federalist - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Stanford Open Policing Project — Stanford Open Policing Project — n.d. - **Citation:** Stanford Open Policing Project. "Stanford Open Policing Project." Stanford University, n.d., https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/. - **Publication:** Stanford University - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Starlette Thomas — A Raceless Gospel for Ex-Colored People — 2024 - **Citation:** Starlette Thomas. "A Raceless Gospel for Ex-Colored People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-raceless-gospel-for-ex-colored. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-raceless-gospel-for-ex-colored - **Topics:** Religion, Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Eli — How Jack Became Black — 2018 - **Citation:** Steele, Eli. "How Jack Became Black." How Jack Became Black, 2018, https://howjackbecameblack.com/. - **Publication:** How Jack Became Black - **Genre:** film - **URL:** https://howjackbecameblack.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Eli — The Battle for Moral Authority — 2021 - **Citation:** Steele, Eli. "The Battle for Moral Authority." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/01/23/the-battle-for-moral-authority/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/01/23/the-battle-for-moral-authority/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America — 1998 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America. Harper Perennial, 1998. - **Publication:** Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent? — 1988 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. "I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent?" Harpers, 1988, https://harpers.org/archive/1988/06/im-black-youre-white-whos-innocent-race-and-power-in-an-era-of-blame/. - **Publication:** Harpers - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/1988/06/im-black-youre-white-whos-innocent-race-and-power-in-an-era-of-blame/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country — 2015 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country. Basic Books, 2015. - **Publication:** Basic Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America — 1991 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America. Harper Perennial, 1991. - **Publication:** Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-11606069287. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-11606069287 - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era — 2006 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era. HarperCollins, 2006. - **Publication:** HarperCollins - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Steele, Shelby — Why the Left Can’t Let Go of Racism — 2017 - **Citation:** Steele, Shelby. "Why the Left Can’t Let Go of Racism." WSJ, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/why-the-left-cant-let-go-of-racism-1503868512. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/why-the-left-cant-let-go-of-racism-1503868512 - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Stephens II, R. L — Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity — 2016 - **Citation:** Stephens II, R. L. "Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity." Black Agenda Report, 2016, https://www.blackagendareport.com/frances welsing legacy. - **Publication:** Black Agenda Report - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.blackagendareport.com/frances welsing legacy - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Stephens II, R. L — From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter — 2017 - **Citation:** Stephens II, R. L. "From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter." In These Times, 2017, https://inthesetimes.com/article/from-hashtag-to-strategy-the-growing-pains-of-black-lives-matter. - **Publication:** In These Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://inthesetimes.com/article/from-hashtag-to-strategy-the-growing-pains-of-black-lives-matter - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Stephens II, R. L — Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope — 2017 - **Citation:** Stephens II, R. L. "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope." Jacobin, 2017, https://jacobin.com/2017/05/ta-nehisi-coates-racism-afro-pessimism-reparations-class-struggle. - **Publication:** Jacobin - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://jacobin.com/2017/05/ta-nehisi-coates-racism-afro-pessimism-reparations-class-struggle - **Citation status:** complete ### Stephens II, R. L — The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body — 2017 - **Citation:** Stephens II, R. L. "The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body." Viewpoint Magazine, 2017, https://viewpointmag.com/2017/05/17/the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body/. - **Publication:** Viewpoint Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://viewpointmag.com/2017/05/17/the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body/ - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Stephens II, R. L. — R. L. Stephens II author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Stephens II, R. L. "R. L. Stephens II author page." Films for Action, n.d., https://www.filmsforaction.org/author/r-dot-l-dot--stephens/. - **Publication:** Films for Action - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.filmsforaction.org/author/r-dot-l-dot--stephens/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Steve Jarrett-Jordan — RACELINING — 2023 - **Citation:** Steve Jarrett-Jordan. "RACELINING." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racelining. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/racelining - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Stewart, Chris — Let’s Be Honest About School Choice — 2020 - **Citation:** Stewart, Chris. "Let’s Be Honest About School Choice." citizenstewart.com, 2020, https://www.citizenstewart.com/writing/2020/11/14/lets-be-honest-about-school-choice. - **Publication:** citizenstewart.com - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.citizenstewart.com/writing/2020/11/14/lets-be-honest-about-school-choice - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Stewart, Chris — The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father — 2021 - **Citation:** Stewart, Chris. "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father." Citizen Ed., 2021, https://citizen.education/2021/04/16/the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father/. - **Publication:** Citizen Ed. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://citizen.education/2021/04/16/the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Stewart, Chris — We Need To Teach Us, Again — 2020 - **Citation:** Stewart, Chris. "We Need To Teach Us, Again." Citizen Ed., 2020, https://citizen.education/2020/12/18/we-need-to-teach-us-again/. - **Publication:** Citizen Ed. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://citizen.education/2020/12/18/we-need-to-teach-us-again/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Streeter, Shea — Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings — 2019 - **Citation:** Streeter, Shea. "Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings." The Journal of Politics, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703541. - **Publication:** The Journal of Politics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703541 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Abduction: How Liberalism Steals Our Children's Hearts and Minds — 2016 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Abduction: How Liberalism Steals Our Children's Hearts and Minds. Christian Faith Publishing, 2016. - **Publication:** Christian Faith Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise — 2011 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise. Thomas Nelson, 2011. - **Publication:** Thomas Nelson - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress — 1993 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Harvard University Press, 1993. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America — 2003 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America. Cambridge University Press, 2003. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Debating Immigration — 2007 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Debating Immigration. Cambridge University Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Free Speech, Politics, and Academia, — 2015 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Free Speech, Politics, and Academia,. P.S.: Political Science & Politics, 2015. - **Publication:** P.S.: Political Science & Politics - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate — 1996 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Race Versus Class: The New Affirmative Action Debate. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, 1996. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield Publishing - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration — 2002 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration. Cambridge University Press, 2002. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Swain, Carol M — Who's Stealing Our Kids?: Revealing the Hidden Agenda to Secularize Our Children — 2016 - **Citation:** Swain, Carol M. Who's Stealing Our Kids?: Revealing the Hidden Agenda to Secularize Our Children. Frontline, 2016. - **Publication:** Frontline - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Tabia Lee — DEI Colleagues: Your Anti-Semitism is Showing — 2023 - **Citation:** Tabia Lee. "DEI Colleagues: Your Anti-Semitism is Showing." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dei-colleagues-your-anti-semitism. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/dei-colleagues-your-anti-semitism - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Tabia Lee — Race Ideology-in-Practice — 2023 - **Citation:** Tabia Lee. "Race Ideology-in-Practice." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-ideology-in-practice. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-ideology-in-practice - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O — A Unified Story for a Divided World — 2021 - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "A Unified Story for a Divided World." Dissent, 2021, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-unified-story-for-a-divided-world. - **Publication:** Dissent - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-unified-story-for-a-divided-world - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O — Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference — 2020 - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference." The Philosopher, 2020, https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/essay-taiwo. - **Publication:** The Philosopher - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/essay-taiwo - **Topics:** “Authenticity”, Lived experience - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O — Identity Politics and Elite Capture, — 2020 - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Identity Politics and Elite Capture,." Boston Review, 2020, https://bostonreview.net/race/olufemi-o-taiwo-identity-politics-and-elite-capture. - **Publication:** Boston Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://bostonreview.net/race/olufemi-o-taiwo-identity-politics-and-elite-capture - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O — Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor — 2020 - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor." Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2020, https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/fpq/article/view/8217/. - **Publication:** Feminist Philosophy Quarterly - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/fpq/article/view/8217/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O — What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t) — 2020 - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t)." Spectre, 2020, https://spectrejournal.com/whats-new-about-woke-racial-capitalism-and-what-isnt/. - **Publication:** Spectre - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://spectrejournal.com/whats-new-about-woke-racial-capitalism-and-what-isnt/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. — Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò research page — n.d. - **Citation:** Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò research page." Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, n.d., http://www.olufemiotaiwo.com/research.html. - **Publication:** Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://www.olufemiotaiwo.com/research.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Tate, Greg — 6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains — 2023 - **Citation:** Tate, Greg. "6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains." Crack Magazine, 2023, https://crackmagazine.net/article/lists/6-essays-greg-tate-kendrick-lamar-basquiat-azealia-banks-bad-brains/. - **Publication:** Crack Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://crackmagazine.net/article/lists/6-essays-greg-tate-kendrick-lamar-basquiat-azealia-banks-bad-brains/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Tate, Greg — Afropessimism and Its Discontents — 2021 - **Citation:** Tate, Greg. "Afropessimism and Its Discontents." The Nation, 2021, https://www.thenation.com/article/society/afropessimism-wilderson-critical-race/. - **Publication:** The Nation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thenation.com/article/society/afropessimism-wilderson-critical-race/ - **Topics:** Afropessimism - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race, — 2000 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. "Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race,." Social Theory and Practice, 2000. - **Publication:** Social Theory and Practice - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics — 2016 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016. - **Publication:** Wiley-Blackwell - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Critical Sociology — 2010 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. "Critical Sociology." 2010, https://doi-org.oxy.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0896920509347146. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi-org.oxy.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0896920509347146 - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Taylor, Paul C — On Obama — 2015 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. On Obama. Routledge, 2015. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Race: A Philosophical Introduction — 2013 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. Race: A Philosophical Introduction. Polity, 2013. - **Publication:** Polity - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race — 2018 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race. Routledge, 2018. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — The Philosophy of Race — 2012 - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. The Philosophy of Race. Routledge, 2012. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Taylor, Paul C — Uneasy Sanctuary: Rethinking Race-Thinking — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Taylor, Paul C. Uneasy Sanctuary: Rethinking Race-Thinking. Oxford University Press, Forthcoming. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Tekeita Owens — "Snitches Get Stitches" — 2022 - **Citation:** Tekeita Owens. ""Snitches Get Stitches"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/snitches-get-stitches. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/snitches-get-stitches - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Tekeita Owens — What This Holiday Means to Me — 2022 - **Citation:** Tekeita Owens. "What This Holiday Means to Me." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-this-holiday-means-to-me. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-this-holiday-means-to-me - **Topics:** Family & Marriage, Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Terry, Brandon M — To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. — 2018 - **Citation:** Terry, Brandon M. To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. - **Publication:** Belknap Press of Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Tess Chakkalakal — A Matter of Complexion — 2025 - **Citation:** Tess Chakkalakal. "A Matter of Complexion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-matter-of-complexion. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-matter-of-complexion - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Teva Johnstone, Connie Morgan, and Jake Mackey — Gender Ideology, Neurodiversity, and Alternative Schooling — 2023 - **Citation:** Teva Johnstone, Connie Morgan, and Jake Mackey. "Gender Ideology, Neurodiversity, and Alternative Schooling." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-neurodiversity-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-neurodiversity-and - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Thandeka, Rev. Dr — Thandeka, Rev — 2018 - **Citation:** Thandeka, Rev. Dr. "Thandeka, Rev." 2018, https://revthandeka.org. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://revthandeka.org - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Thandeka, Rev. Dr — Why Anti-Racism Will Fail — 1999 - **Citation:** Thandeka, Rev. Dr. "Why Anti-Racism Will Fail." Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, 1999, https://revthandeka.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Why Anti-Racism Will Fail.pdf. - **Publication:** Unitarian Universalist General Assembly - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://revthandeka.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Why Anti-Racism Will Fail.pdf - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### The Gloucester Institute — The Gloucester Institute official website — n.d. - **Citation:** The Gloucester Institute. "The Gloucester Institute official website." The Gloucester Institute, n.d., https://gloucesterinstitute.org/. - **Publication:** The Gloucester Institute - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://gloucesterinstitute.org/ - **Citation status:** complete ### The Invisible Men Podcast — Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia — 2021 - **Citation:** The Invisible Men Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia." YouTube, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoxFPxRduDk. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoxFPxRduDk - **Citation status:** complete ### The Invisible Men Podcast — Wilfred Reilly on Popular Progressive Myths — 2024 - **Citation:** The Invisible Men Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly on Popular Progressive Myths." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iw2jQONEPkM&t=2s. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iw2jQONEPkM&t=2s - **Citation status:** complete ### The Jefferson Council for UVA — Civil Conversations About Hate Crimes and Hoaxes with Wilfred Reilly — 2024 - **Citation:** The Jefferson Council for UVA. "Civil Conversations About Hate Crimes and Hoaxes with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YZ Wszw5A. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YZ Wszw5A - **Citation status:** complete ### The Solar Republic — The Solar Republic official website — n.d. - **Citation:** The Solar Republic. "The Solar Republic official website." The Solar Republic, n.d., https://thesolarrepublic.com/. - **Publication:** The Solar Republic - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://thesolarrepublic.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Theory of Enchantment — A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning - **Citation:** Theory of Enchantment. "A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning." Theory of Enchantment, https://www.theoryofenchantment.com/. - **Publication:** Theory of Enchantment - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.theoryofenchantment.com/ - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** incomplete ### Thomas Chatterton Williams and Greg Thomas — The most extraordinary nonfiction book I'd ever read — 2026 - **Citation:** Thomas Chatterton Williams and Greg Thomas. "The most extraordinary nonfiction book I'd ever read." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-most-extraordinary-nonfiction-book-id-ever-read/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/the-most-extraordinary-nonfiction-book-id-ever-read/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas St. Thomas — The Decay of American Public Discourse — 2025 - **Citation:** Thomas St. Thomas. "The Decay of American Public Discourse." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-decay-of-american-public-discourse. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-decay-of-american-public-discourse - **Topics:** Cancel Culture (see also Free speech), Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Clarence — My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir — 2008 - **Citation:** Thomas, Clarence. My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir. Harper Perennial, 2008. - **Publication:** Harper Perennial - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Afterword — 2016 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. Afterword. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues, 2016. - **Publication:** Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma? — 2022 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Deracialization and the Omni-American Vision — 2026 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Deracialization and the Omni-American Vision." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/deracialization-and-the-omni-american-vision/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/deracialization-and-the-omni-american-vision/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Deracialization Now — 2022 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Deracialization Now." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/deracialization-now. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/deracialization-now - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry — 2021 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Monumental Visions, From The Black Roots of Ancient Egypt to Blues Idiom Wisdom — 2026 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Monumental Visions, From The Black Roots of Ancient Egypt to Blues Idiom Wisdom." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/monumental-visions-from-the-black-roots-of-ancient-egypt-to-blues-idiom-wisdom/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/monumental-visions-from-the-black-roots-of-ancient-egypt-to-blues-idiom-wisdom/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump — 2017 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." New Republic, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump. - **Publication:** New Republic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump - **Topics:** Art & literature, Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Reimagining American Identity — 2022 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. Reimagining American Identity. 2022, https://www.steppingupjourney.com/reimagining-american-identity/. - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://www.steppingupjourney.com/reimagining-american-identity/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Reimagining American Identity — 2022 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Reimagining American Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion — 2024 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/responding-to-loss-with-courage-and. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/responding-to-loss-with-courage-and - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time — 2023 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decadent. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decadent - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity — 1995 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity. Village Voice, 1995. - **Publication:** Village Voice - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Afrocentrism - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Why Did Trump Prevail Again? — 2024 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Why Did Trump Prevail Again?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-trump-prevail-again. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-trump-prevail-again - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Greg — Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all — 2022 - **Citation:** Thomas, Greg. "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all." FAIR for All, 2022, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/social-issues-race. - **Publication:** FAIR for All - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fairforall.substack.com/p/social-issues-race - **Topics:** Disparity (see also Equality and Equity) - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Laurence — Human Rights and Sexual Orientation — 1999 - **Citation:** Thomas, Laurence. Human Rights and Sexual Orientation. Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. - **Publication:** Rowman and Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Laurence — Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character — 1989 - **Citation:** Thomas, Laurence. Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character. Temple University Press, 1989. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Laurence — Social Philosophy — 2007 - **Citation:** Thomas, Laurence. Social Philosophy. Blackwell, 2007. - **Publication:** Blackwell - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Laurence — The Family and the Political Self — 2006 - **Citation:** Thomas, Laurence. The Family and the Political Self. Cambridge University Press, 2006. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Thomas, Laurence — Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust — 1993 - **Citation:** Thomas, Laurence. Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust. Temple University Press, 1993. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Thompson, Clifford — Albert Murray, Scooter, and the Burden of Expectation — 2026 - **Citation:** Thompson, Clifford. "Albert Murray, Scooter, and the Burden of Expectation." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-scooter-and-the-burden-of-expectation/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-scooter-and-the-burden-of-expectation/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Thompson, Clifford — Eric Garner and Me — 2015 - **Citation:** Thompson, Clifford. "Eric Garner and Me." LA Review of Books, 2015, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/eric-garner/. - **Publication:** LA Review of Books - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/eric-garner/ - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Thompson, Clifford — Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray — 2016 - **Citation:** Thompson, Clifford. "Our Hero and His Blues: Celebrating Albert Murray." LA Review of Books, 2016, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hero-blues-celebrating-albert-murray/. - **Publication:** LA Review of Books - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hero-blues-celebrating-albert-murray/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — A Strange Freedom: The Best of Howard Thurman on Religious Experience and Public Life — 1998 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. A Strange Freedom: The Best of Howard Thurman on Religious Experience and Public Life. et al, 1998. - **Publication:** et al - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — A Track to the Water's Edge: The Olive Schreiner Reader — 1973 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. A Track to the Water's Edge: The Olive Schreiner Reader. 1973. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Christmas Is the Season of Affirmation — 1951 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Christmas Is the Season of Affirmation. 1951. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Deep is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness — 1951 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Deep is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness. 1951. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals — 1945 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals. The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death, 1945. - **Publication:** The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Disciplines of the Spirit — 1963 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Disciplines of the Spirit. 1963. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Footprints of a Dream: The Story of the Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples — 1959 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Footprints of a Dream: The Story of the Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples. 1959. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — For the Inward Journey: The Writings of Howard Thurman — 1984 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. For the Inward Journey: The Writings of Howard Thurman. 1984. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Howard Thurman: Essential Writings — 2006 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Howard Thurman: Essential Writings. Selected with an Introduction by Luther E, 2006. - **Publication:** Selected with an Introduction by Luther E - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Jesus and the Disinherited — 1949 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Jesus and the Disinherited. 1949, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus and the Disinherited. - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus and the Disinherited - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Meditation for Apostles of Sensitiveness — 1948 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Meditation for Apostles of Sensitiveness. 1948. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Meditations of the Heart — 1953 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Meditations of the Heart. 1953. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Mysticism and the Experience of Love — 1961 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Mysticism and the Experience of Love. 1961. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — Temptations of Jesus: Five Sermons Given By Dean Howard Thurman in Marsh Chapel, Boston University, 1962 — 1962 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. Temptations of Jesus: Five Sermons Given By Dean Howard Thurman in Marsh Chapel, Boston University, 1962. 1962. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Centering Moment — 1969 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Centering Moment. 1969. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Creative Encounter: An Interpretation of Religion and the Social Witness — 1954 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Creative Encounter: An Interpretation of Religion and the Social Witness. 1954. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The First Footprints — 1975 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The First Footprints. 1975. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Greatest of These — 1944 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Greatest of These. 1944. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Growing Edge — 1956 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Growing Edge. 1956. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest — 1961 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest. 1961. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Luminous Darkness: A Personal Interpretation of the Anatomy of Segregation and the Ground of Hope — 1965 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Luminous Darkness: A Personal Interpretation of the Anatomy of Segregation and the Ground of Hope. 1965. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Mood of Christmas — 1973 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Mood of Christmas. 1973. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 1: My People Need Me, June 1918-March 1936 — 2009 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 1: My People Need Me, June 1918-March 1936. et al, 2009. - **Publication:** et al - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 2: Christian, Who Calls Me Christian? April 1936-August 1943 — 2012 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 2: Christian, Who Calls Me Christian? April 1936-August 1943. et al, 2012. - **Publication:** et al - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 3: The Bold Adventure, September 1943-May 1949 — 2015 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Papers of Howard Washington Thurman, Vol. 3: The Bold Adventure, September 1943-May 1949. et al, 2015. - **Publication:** et al - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — The Search for Common Ground — 1971 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. The Search for Common Ground. 1971. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Thurman, Howard Washington — With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman — 1979 - **Citation:** Thurman, Howard Washington. With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman. 1979. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Tiffanie Victoria Jones — Gender Ideology Is Destroying Academia — 2024 - **Citation:** Tiffanie Victoria Jones. "Gender Ideology Is Destroying Academia." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-is-destroying-academia. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-is-destroying-academia - **Topics:** Academia, Cancel Culture (see also Free speech), Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Tiffanie Victoria Jones — Gender Ideology Is Destroying Academia (Part II) — 2024 - **Citation:** Tiffanie Victoria Jones. "Gender Ideology Is Destroying Academia (Part II)." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-is-destroying-academia-98c. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/gender-ideology-is-destroying-academia-98c - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### Tillery, Alvin B., Jr — Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America — 2011 - **Citation:** Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Tillery, Alvin B., Jr — How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement — 2017 - **Citation:** Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement." Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy Poll, 2017, http://www.csdd.northwestern.edu/research/black-lives-mattersurvey.html. - **Publication:** Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy Poll - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.csdd.northwestern.edu/research/black-lives-mattersurvey.html - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Tillery, Alvin B., Jr — Tweeting Racial Representation: How the Congressional Black Caucus used Twitter in the 113th Congress — 2019 - **Citation:** Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "Tweeting Racial Representation: How the Congressional Black Caucus used Twitter in the 113th Congress." Politics, Groups, and Identities, 2019. - **Publication:** Politics, Groups, and Identities - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Tillery, Alvin B., Jr — What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter, — 2019 - **Citation:** Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter,." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2019.17. - **Publication:** Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2019.17 - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Tillery, Alvin B., Jr — Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test, — 2020 - **Citation:** Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test,." American Political Science Review, 2020, https://doi:10.1017/S0003055420000544. - **Publication:** American Political Science Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://doi:10.1017/S0003055420000544 - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Toler, Deborah — Black Conservatives, Part One — 1993 - **Citation:** Toler, Deborah. "Black Conservatives, Part One." The Public Eye, 1993, https://www.politicalresearch.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/September-1993.pdf. - **Publication:** The Public Eye - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.politicalresearch.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/September-1993.pdf - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Truth, No Chaser — Truth, No Chaser official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Truth, No Chaser. "Truth, No Chaser official website." Truth, No Chaser, n.d., http://truthnochaser.com/. - **Publication:** Truth, No Chaser - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://truthnochaser.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Turns Out, I Don’t Mind It — It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair — 2022 - **Citation:** Turns Out, I Don’t Mind It. "It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/its-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/its-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Women / Feminism - **Citation status:** complete ### University of Austin — The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions — 2024 - **Citation:** University of Austin. "The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxUdyYgVn 8. - **Publication:** YouTube - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxUdyYgVn 8 - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloe — Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches — 2021 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloe. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671. - **Publication:** Newsweek. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671 - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloé — A hole in the heart of antiracism training — 2021 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloé. "A hole in the heart of antiracism training." Boston Globe, 2021, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/03/opinion/hole-heart-antiracism-training/. - **Publication:** Boston Globe - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/03/opinion/hole-heart-antiracism-training/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloé — Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches — 2021 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloé. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671. - **Publication:** Newsweek. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671 - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloé — Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home — 2024 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloé. "Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/israelis-palestinians-and-the-search. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/israelis-palestinians-and-the-search - **Topics:** Politics & Activism, Religion - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloé — Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing — 2019 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloé. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing." City Journal., 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training. - **Publication:** City Journal. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility), White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Valdary, Chloé — Why I Refuse to Avoid White People, — 2017 - **Citation:** Valdary, Chloé. "Why I Refuse to Avoid White People,." New York Times, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/avoiding-white-people-charlottesville-racism.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/avoiding-white-people-charlottesville-racism.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Vendryes, Margaret Rose — Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting — 2001 - **Citation:** Vendryes, Margaret Rose. Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting. Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, 2001. - **Publication:** Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Virgil Walker — How Would Booker T. Washington View Civil Rights and Social Justice? — 2024 - **Citation:** Virgil Walker. "How Would Booker T. Washington View Civil Rights and Social Justice?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-booker-t-washington-view. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-booker-t-washington-view - **Topics:** Black intellectual history, Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### W. F. Twyman Jr. — Giving Thanks in Trying Times — 2025 - **Citation:** W. F. Twyman Jr. "Giving Thanks in Trying Times." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/giving-thanks-in-trying-times. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/giving-thanks-in-trying-times - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### W. F. Twyman Jr. — The Assassination of Charlie Kirk — 2025 - **Citation:** W. F. Twyman Jr. "The Assassination of Charlie Kirk." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-assassination-of-charlie-kirk. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-assassination-of-charlie-kirk - **Topics:** Education & Schools, Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### W. F. Twyman, Jr. — In Defense of President George Washington — 2023 - **Citation:** W. F. Twyman, Jr. "In Defense of President George Washington." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/in-defense-of-president-george-washington. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/in-defense-of-president-george-washington - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### W. F. Twyman, Jr. — Why Talk About American Slavery in 2024? — 2024 - **Citation:** W. F. Twyman, Jr. "Why Talk About American Slavery in 2024?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-talk-about-american-slavery-in. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-talk-about-american-slavery-in - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Walker, Clarence E — Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals — 1991 - **Citation:** Walker, Clarence E. Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals. University of Tennessee Press, 1991. - **Publication:** University of Tennessee Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Walker, Clarence E — Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings — 2009 - **Citation:** Walker, Clarence E. Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. University of Virginia Press, 2009. - **Publication:** University of Virginia Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Walker, Clarence E — We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism — 2001 - **Citation:** Walker, Clarence E. We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism. Oxford University Press, 2001. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Afrocentrism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walker, David — Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America — 1829 - **Citation:** Walker, David. Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America. 1829. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable — 1997 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable. Columbia University Press, 1997. - **Publication:** Columbia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom — 2021 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. American Politics and the African American Quest for Universal Freedom. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. - **Publication:** Taylor & Francis Group - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Black Political Parties: An Historical and Political Analysis — 1972 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Political Parties: An Historical and Political Analysis. Free Press, 1972. - **Publication:** Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Black Politics and Black Political Behavior: A Linkage Analysis — 1994 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Politics and Black Political Behavior: A Linkage Analysis. Praeger, 1994. - **Publication:** Praeger - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Black Politics: A Theoretical and Structural Analysis — 1972 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Politics: A Theoretical and Structural Analysis. J. B. Lippincott, 1972. - **Publication:** J. B. Lippincott - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Black Republicans: The Politics of the Black and Tans — 1975 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Republicans: The Politics of the Black and Tans. Scarecrow Press, 1975. - **Publication:** Scarecrow Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Black Women at the United Nations: The Politics, a Theoretical Model and the Documents — 1995 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Black Women at the United Nations: The Politics, a Theoretical Model and the Documents. Borgo, 1995. - **Publication:** Borgo - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Invisible politics: Black political behavior — 1985 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Invisible politics: Black political behavior. State University of New York Press, 1985. - **Publication:** State University of New York Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Liberian politics: The portrait by African American diplomat J. Milton Turner — 2002 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Liberian politics: The portrait by African American diplomat J. Milton Turner. Lexington Books, 2002. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Political Parties in American Society — 2000 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Political Parties in American Society. St. Martin’s Press, 2000. - **Publication:** St. Martin’s Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — Reelection: William J. Clinton as a native-son presidential candidate — 2000 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. Reelection: William J. Clinton as a native-son presidential candidate. Columbia University Press, 2000. - **Publication:** Columbia University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The African American electorate: A statistical history — 2012 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African American electorate: A statistical history. CQ Press, 2012. - **Publication:** CQ Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis — 2010 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis. Lexington Books, 2010. - **Publication:** Lexington Books - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Foreign Aid & International Development - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The native son presidential candidate: The Carter vote in Georgia — 1992 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The native son presidential candidate: The Carter vote in Georgia. New York: Praeger, 1992. - **Publication:** New York: Praeger - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The Negro in Third Party Politics — 1969 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The Negro in Third Party Politics. Dorrance, 1969. - **Publication:** Dorrance - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The Poetry of Black Politics — 1972 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The Poetry of Black Politics. Regency Press, 1972. - **Publication:** Regency Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr — 1976 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Greenwood Press, 1976. - **Publication:** Greenwood Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — The Study and Analysis of Black Politics: A bibliography — 1973 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. The Study and Analysis of Black Politics: A bibliography. Scarecrow Press, 1973. - **Publication:** Scarecrow Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Walton, Hanes, Jr — When the Marching Stopped: The Politics of Civil Rights Regulatory Agencies — 1988 - **Citation:** Walton, Hanes, Jr. When the Marching Stopped: The Politics of Civil Rights Regulatory Agencies. State University of New York Press, 1988. - **Publication:** State University of New York Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Ward, Jerry W., Jr — The Cambridge History of African American Literature — 2011 - **Citation:** Ward, Jerry W., Jr. The Cambridge History of African American Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Cambridge University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren Zev Harvey — Albert Murray vs. the Lachrymose Conception of Afro-American History — 2026 - **Citation:** Warren Zev Harvey. "Albert Murray vs. the Lachrymose Conception of Afro-American History." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-vs-the-lachrymose-conception-of-afro-american-history/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murray-vs-the-lachrymose-conception-of-afro-american-history/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black, — 2000 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black,. New Literary History, 2000. - **Publication:** New Literary History - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism — 1993 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. University of Chicago Press, 1993. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — et al — 2013 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. et al. Jim Crow, Literature, and the Legacy of Sutton E. Griggs, 2013. - **Publication:** Jim Crow, Literature, and the Legacy of Sutton E. Griggs - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought — 2010 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought. Routledge, 2010. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — So Black and Blue: Ralph Ellison and the Occasion of Criticism — 2003 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. So Black and Blue: Ralph Ellison and the Occasion of Criticism. University of Chicago Press, 2003. - **Publication:** University of Chicago Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — Still on the Lower Frequencies: Invisible Man at 50, — 2002 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. Still on the Lower Frequencies: Invisible Man at 50,. The Common Review: The Magazine of the Great Books Foundation, 2002. - **Publication:** The Common Review: The Magazine of the Great Books Foundation - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Warren, Kenneth W — What Was African American Literature? — 2012 - **Citation:** Warren, Kenneth W. What Was African American Literature? Harvard University Press, 2012. - **Publication:** Harvard University Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington Post — Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database — n.d. - **Citation:** Washington Post. "Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database." Washington Post, n.d., https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — Character Building — 1902 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. Character Building. Doubleday, Page & Co, 1902. - **Publication:** Doubleday, Page & Co - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — The Future of the American Negro — 1899 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. The Future of the American Negro. 1899. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — The Negro in the SouthThe Negro in the South — 1907 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. The Negro in the SouthThe Negro in the South. 1907. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — The Negro Problem — 1903 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. The Negro Problem. J. Pott & Company, 1903. - **Publication:** J. Pott & Company - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — Tuskegee & Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements — 1905 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. Tuskegee & Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements. 1905. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — Up from Slavery — 1901 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery. 1901. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Booker T — Working with the Hands — 1904 - **Citation:** Washington, Booker T. Working with the Hands. 1904. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Germaine — Harvard’s Affirmative Action Bluff — 2020 - **Citation:** Washington, Germaine. "Harvard’s Affirmative Action Bluff." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/harvards-affirmative-action-bluff/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/harvards-affirmative-action-bluff/ - **Topics:** Affirmative Action - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Germaine — Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media — 2020 - **Citation:** Washington, Germaine. "Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/private-corporations-are-not-public-institutions-on-free-speech-and-social-media/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/private-corporations-are-not-public-institutions-on-free-speech-and-social-media/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Germaine — Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden — 2020 - **Citation:** Washington, Germaine. "Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/respect-democratic-norms-vote-for-biden-opinion/. - **Publication:** The Princeton Tory - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theprincetontory.com/respect-democratic-norms-vote-for-biden-opinion/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — "Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior — 2026 - **Citation:** Washington, John. ""Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-black. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-black - **Topics:** Respectability politics - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — AWOL Black Fathers — 2022 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "AWOL Black Fathers." Quillette, 2022, https://quillette.com/2022/03/21/awol-black-fathers/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2022/03/21/awol-black-fathers/ - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain — 2025 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-culture-and-the-euro-american. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-culture-and-the-euro-american - **Topics:** Integration - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — Blaming Racism Won't Cut It — 2025 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "Blaming Racism Won't Cut It." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blaming-racism-wont-cut-it. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blaming-racism-wont-cut-it - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang — 2026 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pathways-to-manhood-the-military. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pathways-to-manhood-the-military - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — The Brother War — 2025 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "The Brother War." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brother-war. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brother-war - **Topics:** Crime & Incarceration - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, John — The Unraveling of the Black Family — 2025 - **Citation:** Washington, John. "The Unraveling of the Black Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-unraveling-of-the-black-family. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-unraveling-of-the-black-family - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Joshua — Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda — 2021 - **Citation:** Washington, Joshua. "Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda." Times of Israel, 2021, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-community-pays-dearly-for-israel-haters-agenda/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-community-pays-dearly-for-israel-haters-agenda/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Joshua — Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words — 2020 - **Citation:** Washington, Joshua. "Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-lives-matters-jewish-problem-in-their-own-words/. - **Publication:** Times of Israel - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-lives-matters-jewish-problem-in-their-own-words/ - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Washington, Joshua — Why I Am Thankful — 2022 - **Citation:** Washington, Joshua. "Why I Am Thankful." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-am-thankful. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-am-thankful - **Topics:** Family & Marriage - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — ‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics, — 2016 - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. "‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics,." Annual Review of Political Science, 2016, http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow sen 2016 annurev.pdf. - **Publication:** Annual Review of Political Science - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow sen 2016 annurev.pdf - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting, — 2020 - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting,." American Political Science Review, 2020, http://omarwasow.com/APSR protests3 1.pdf. - **Publication:** American Political Science Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://omarwasow.com/APSR protests3 1.pdf - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — Can Tweets Kill a Movie? An Empirical Evaluation of the Bruno Effect — 2010 - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. "Can Tweets Kill a Movie? An Empirical Evaluation of the Bruno Effect." Computer Human Interaction, 2010, http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow 2010 Bruno Effect CHI.pdf. - **Publication:** Computer Human Interaction - **Genre:** article - **URL:** http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow 2010 Bruno Effect CHI.pdf - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — Omar Wasow official website — n.d. - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. "Omar Wasow official website." Omar Wasow, n.d., http://www.omarwasow.com/. - **Publication:** Omar Wasow - **Genre:** website - **URL:** http://www.omarwasow.com/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — The Protester’s Dilemma: How 1960s Black Protests Influenced Media and Politics — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. The Protester’s Dilemma: How 1960s Black Protests Influenced Media and Politics. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Wasow, Omar — The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964 — 2020 - **Citation:** Wasow, Omar. "The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/06/11/protests-started-out-looking-like-1968-they-turned-into-1964/. - **Publication:** Washington Post - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/06/11/protests-started-out-looking-like-1968-they-turned-into-1964/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Watson, Christian — No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite) — 2021 - **Citation:** Watson, Christian. "No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite)." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/06/no-critical-race-theory-isnt-a-new-civil-rights-movement-just-the-opposite/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2021/06/06/no-critical-race-theory-isnt-a-new-civil-rights-movement-just-the-opposite/ - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Wenyuan Wu — Being American — 2022 - **Citation:** Wenyuan Wu. "Being American." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/being-american. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/being-american - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### West, Cornel — Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle, — 2017 - **Citation:** West, Cornel. "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle,." The Guardian, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/17/ta-nehisi-coates-neoliberal-black-struggle-cornel-west. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/17/ta-nehisi-coates-neoliberal-black-struggle-cornel-west - **Related entities:** Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Wheatley, Phillis — Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago — 1916 - **Citation:** Wheatley, Phillis. Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago. Washington, D, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021 - **Citation status:** complete ### Wheatley, Phillis — Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral — 1773 - **Citation:** Wheatley, Phillis. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. 1773. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Whitlock, Jason — Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the ‘Black’ Role Assigned to Him by Bigots — 2020 - **Citation:** Whitlock, Jason. "Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the ‘Black’ Role Assigned to Him by Bigots." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/dave-chappelle-hates-himself-for-playing-the-black-role-assigned-to-him-by-bigots/. - **Publication:** Outkick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.outkick.com/dave-chappelle-hates-himself-for-playing-the-black-role-assigned-to-him-by-bigots/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Whitlock, Jason — Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization — 2020 - **Citation:** Whitlock, Jason. "Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization." OutKick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/mixed-messages-on-race-increasing-polarization. - **Publication:** OutKick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.outkick.com/mixed-messages-on-race-increasing-polarization - **Citation status:** complete ### Whitlock, Jason — New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches — 2020 - **Citation:** Whitlock, Jason. "New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-new-hiring-rule-installed-by-nfl-race-hustler-troy-vincent-damages-black-coaches/. - **Publication:** Outkick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-new-hiring-rule-installed-by-nfl-race-hustler-troy-vincent-damages-black-coaches/ - **Topics:** Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Whitlock, Jason — The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People — 2020 - **Citation:** Whitlock, Jason. "The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-the-capital-b-in-black-is-a-scarlet-letter-that-diminishes-destroys-and-disenfranchises-black-people/. - **Publication:** Outkick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-the-capital-b-in-black-is-a-scarlet-letter-that-diminishes-destroys-and-disenfranchises-black-people/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Whitlock, Jason — White Liberals Rig ‘Olympics’ to Diminish Black Humanity — 2020 - **Citation:** Whitlock, Jason. "White Liberals Rig ‘Olympics’ to Diminish Black Humanity." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-white-liberals-rig-olympics-to-diminish-black-humanity/. - **Publication:** Outkick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-white-liberals-rig-olympics-to-diminish-black-humanity/ - **Topics:** Sports - **Citation status:** complete ### Why We Need Good Police — Dissent Magazine - **Citation:** Why We Need Good Police. "Dissent Magazine." - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** incomplete ### William B. Allen — Criminals Think, But Thinking Is Not Criminal — 2024 - **Citation:** William B. Allen. "Criminals Think, But Thinking Is Not Criminal." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/criminals-think-but-thinking-is-not. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/criminals-think-but-thinking-is-not - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Chad — From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination — 2021 - **Citation:** Williams, Chad. "From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination." Fair For All, 2021, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious. - **Publication:** Fair For All - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://fairforall.substack.com/p/from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious - **Topics:** CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness), Discrimination (see also Racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Heather Andrea — Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom — 2005 - **Citation:** Williams, Heather Andrea. Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. University of North Carolina Press, 2005. - **Publication:** University of North Carolina Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Juan — Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It — 2006 - **Citation:** Williams, Juan. Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It. Crown, 2006. - **Publication:** Crown - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Juan — Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965: A Companion Volume to the PBS Television Series — 1987 - **Citation:** Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965: A Companion Volume to the PBS Television Series. Viking Penguin, 1987. - **Publication:** Viking Penguin - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Juan — Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary — 1998 - **Citation:** Williams, Juan. Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary. Three Rivers Press, 1998. - **Publication:** Three Rivers Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Juan — We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America — 2016 - **Citation:** Williams, Juan. We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America. Crown, 2016. - **Publication:** Crown - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Juan — What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights — 2018 - **Citation:** Williams, Juan. What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights. PublicAffairs, 2018. - **Publication:** PublicAffairs - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Kevin Jon — Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences — 2022 - **Citation:** Williams, Kevin Jon. "Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences." Wall Street Journal, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-saying-no-to-nihs-racial-preferences-medical-research-7f205c2c. - **Publication:** Wall Street Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-saying-no-to-nihs-racial-preferences-medical-research-7f205c2c - **Topics:** Affirmative Action, DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Morgan C., Jr — Police Force Size and Civilian Race — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Morgan C., Jr. "Police Force Size and Civilian Race." NBER Working Paper, 2020, https://www.nber.org/papers/w28202. - **Publication:** NBER Working Paper - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nber.org/papers/w28202 - **Topics:** Police - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — A Blues for Albert Murray — 2016 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Blues for Albert Murray." The Nation, 2016, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/blues-for-murray/. - **Publication:** The Nation - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/blues-for-murray/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Related entities:** Albert Murray - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — A Game of Chance — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Game of Chance." Harper’s Magazine, 2020, https://harpers.org/archive/2020/10/a-game-of-chance-harpers-letter/. - **Publication:** Harper’s Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/2020/10/a-game-of-chance-harpers-letter/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Adrian Piper’s Show at MoMA is the Largest Ever for a Living Artist. Why Hasn’t She Seen It? — 2018 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Adrian Piper’s Show at MoMA is the Largest Ever for a Living Artist. Why Hasn’t She Seen It?" New York Times, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/magazine/adrian-pipers-self-imposed-exile-from-america-and-from-race-itself.html. - **Publication:** New York Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/magazine/adrian-pipers-self-imposed-exile-from-america-and-from-race-itself.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity? — 2015 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity?" VQR, 2015, https://www.vqronline.org/essays-articles/2015/01/black-and-blue-and-blond. - **Publication:** VQR - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.vqronline.org/essays-articles/2015/01/black-and-blue-and-blond - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Campaign Literature — 2021 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Campaign Literature." Harper’s Magazine, 2021, https://harpers.org/archive/2021/04/campaign-literature/. - **Publication:** Harper’s Magazine - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/2021/04/campaign-literature/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Encountering Thomas Sowell — 2021 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Encountering Thomas Sowell." Law & Liberty, 2021, https://lawliberty.org/encountering-thomas-sowell/. - **Publication:** Law & Liberty - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://lawliberty.org/encountering-thomas-sowell/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Forget White Fragility: here are 10 books America should be reading about race — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Forget White Fragility: here are 10 books America should be reading about race." Spectator, 2020, https://spectator.us/books-america-reading-about-race/. - **Publication:** Spectator - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://spectator.us/books-america-reading-about-race/ - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power — 2017 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times Op-Ed., 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/ta-nehisi-coates-whiteness-power.html. - **Publication:** New York Times Op-Ed. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/ta-nehisi-coates-whiteness-power.html - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Whiteness - **Related entities:** Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Kanye and Ta-Nehisi — 2018 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Kanye and Ta-Nehisi." American Scholar, 2018, https://theamericanscholar.org/kanye-and-ta-nehisi/. - **Publication:** American Scholar - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theamericanscholar.org/kanye-and-ta-nehisi/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Loaded Dice — 2015 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Loaded Dice." London Review of Books, 2015, https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v37/n23/thomas-chatterton-williams/loaded-dice. - **Publication:** London Review of Books - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v37/n23/thomas-chatterton-williams/loaded-dice - **Related entities:** Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture — 2010 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture. New York, NY: The Penguin Press, 2010. - **Publication:** New York, NY: The Penguin Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — My Black Privilege — 2016 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "My Black Privilege." Los Angeles Times, 2016, https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0103-williams-black-victim-self-definition-20160103-story.html. - **Publication:** Los Angeles Times - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0103-williams-black-victim-self-definition-20160103-story.html - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How — 2024 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How." The Atlantic, 2024, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/drake-kendrick-lamar-race/678426/. - **Publication:** The Atlantic - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/drake-kendrick-lamar-race/678426/ - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race — 2019 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race. New York, NY: W, 2019. - **Publication:** New York, NY: W - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Shades of Blue — 2021 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Shades of Blue." Harpers, 2021, https://harpers.org/archive/2021/02/shades-of-blue/. - **Publication:** Harpers - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://harpers.org/archive/2021/02/shades-of-blue/ - **Topics:** Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like — 2019 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like." American Scholar, 2019, https://theamericanscholar.org/skin-deep/. - **Publication:** American Scholar - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://theamericanscholar.org/skin-deep/ - **Topics:** White fragility - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — The French Origins of ‘You will not replace us’ — 2017 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "The French Origins of ‘You will not replace us’." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us. - **Publication:** New Yorker - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — The Peripheralist — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "The Peripheralist." Liberties, 2020. - **Publication:** Liberties - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Thomas Chatterton — The Racial Delusion — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "The Racial Delusion." The Black Intellectual & The Condition of the Culture, 2020, https://salmagundi.skidmore.edu/articles/192-the-black-intellectual-the-condition-of-the-culture. - **Publication:** The Black Intellectual & The Condition of the Culture - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://salmagundi.skidmore.edu/articles/192-the-black-intellectual-the-condition-of-the-culture - **Topics:** Race - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View — 1988 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View. Regnery, 1988. - **Publication:** Regnery - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — America: A Minority Viewpoint — 1983 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. America: A Minority Viewpoint. Hoover Institution Press, 1983. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — American Contempt for Liberty — 2015 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. American Contempt for Liberty. Hoover Institution Press, 2015. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — Black Education Tragedy Is New — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. "Black Education Tragedy Is New." Townhall, 2020, https://townhall.com/columnists/walterewilliams/2020/12/02/black-education-tragedy-is-new-n2580836?215. - **Publication:** Townhall - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://townhall.com/columnists/walterewilliams/2020/12/02/black-education-tragedy-is-new-n2580836?215 - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — Do the Right Thing: The People's Economist Speaks — 1995 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. Do the Right Thing: The People's Economist Speaks. Hoover Institution Press, 1995. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — Liberty Versus the Tyranny of Socialism: Controversial Essays — 2008 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. Liberty Versus the Tyranny of Socialism: Controversial Essays. Hoover Institution Press, 2008. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well — 1999 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well. Hoover Institution Press, 1999. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — New York Times’ ‘1619 Project’ Has Key Error About Our Founding, — 2019 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. "New York Times’ ‘1619 Project’ Has Key Error About Our Founding,." The Daily Signal, 2019, https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/08/28/new-york-times-1619-project-has-key-error-about-our-founding/. - **Publication:** The Daily Signal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/08/28/new-york-times-1619-project-has-key-error-about-our-founding/ - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination? — 2011 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination? Hoover Institution Press, 2011. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Discrimination (see also Racism) - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — South Africa's War Against Capitalism — 1989 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. South Africa's War Against Capitalism. Praeger, 1989. - **Publication:** Praeger - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — The State Against Blacks — 1982 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. The State Against Blacks. McGraw-Hill, 1982. - **Publication:** McGraw-Hill - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E — Up from the Projects: An Autobiography — 2010 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. Up from the Projects: An Autobiography. Hoover Institution Press, 2010. - **Publication:** Hoover Institution Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Williams, Walter E. — Some Facts Worth Knowing — 2020 - **Citation:** Williams, Walter E. "Some Facts Worth Knowing." Creators Syndicate, 2020, https://www.creators.com/read/walter-williams. - **Publication:** Creators Syndicate - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.creators.com/read/walter-williams - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson (neé Adams), Harriet E — Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black — 1859 - **Citation:** Wilson (neé Adams), Harriet E. Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black. Geo, 1859. - **Publication:** Geo - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Art & literature - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, Joseph T — The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–’65 — 1877 - **Citation:** Wilson, Joseph T. The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–’65. Hartford, CT, 1877. - **Publication:** Hartford, CT - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, Valerie, and Janelle Jones — 50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality — 2018 - **Citation:** Wilson, Valerie, and Janelle Jones. "50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality." Economic Policy Institute Report, 2018, https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/. - **Publication:** Economic Policy Institute Report - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — Good Kids in Bad Neighborhoods: Successful Development in Social Context — 2006 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. Good Kids in Bad Neighborhoods: Successful Development in Social Context. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City — 2009 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. 2009. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — Power, Racism, and Privilege: Race Relations in Theoretical and Socio-historical Perspectives — 1976 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. Power, Racism, and Privilege: Race Relations in Theoretical and Socio-historical Perspectives. 1976. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics — 1999 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics. 1999. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — The Declining Significance of Race — 1978 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. The Declining Significance of Race. 1978. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy — 1987 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. 1987. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America — 2006 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America. 2006. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wilson, William Julius — When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor — 1996 - **Citation:** Wilson, William Julius. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. 1996. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — On Patriotic Empathy — 2020 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "On Patriotic Empathy." RealClear Politics., 2020, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2020/12/16/on patriotic empathy 144852.html. - **Publication:** RealClear Politics. - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2020/12/16/on patriotic empathy 144852.html - **Topics:** Patriotism - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism — 2020 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism." Braver Angels, 2020, https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/. - **Publication:** Braver Angels - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/ - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — The Party Switch ‘Myth’ — 2019 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "The Party Switch ‘Myth’." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/03/the-party-switch-myth/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/03/the-party-switch-myth/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — The Pivotal Irony of American Racism — 2020 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "The Pivotal Irony of American Racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/07/29/the-pivotal-irony-of-american-racism/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2020/07/29/the-pivotal-irony-of-american-racism/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — The spectrum of black contrarianism — 2018 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "The spectrum of black contrarianism." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/10/20/the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism/. - **Publication:** Quillette - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://quillette.com/2018/10/20/the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism/ - **Topics:** Black intellectual history - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — Virtue and the Social Fabric — 2019 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "Virtue and the Social Fabric." RealClear Policy, 2019, https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2019/06/21/virtue and the social fabric 111223.html. - **Publication:** RealClear Policy - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2019/06/21/virtue and the social fabric 111223.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — White People and the Conversation About Race — 2022 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "White People and the Conversation About Race." Areo, 2022, https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr — White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality — 2022 - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality." USA Today, 2022, https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html. - **Publication:** USA Today - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr. — John R. Wood Jr. author page — n.d. - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "John R. Wood Jr. author page." Braver Angels, n.d., https://braverangels.org/author/johnbetter-angels-org/. - **Publication:** Braver Angels - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://braverangels.org/author/johnbetter-angels-org/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John R., Jr. — John R. Wood Jr. profile — n.d. - **Citation:** Wood, John R., Jr. "John R. Wood Jr. profile." Braver Angels, n.d., https://braverangels.org/. - **Publication:** Braver Angels - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://braverangels.org/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John, Jr — Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism — 2020 - **Citation:** Wood, John, Jr. "Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism." Braver Angels, 2020, https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/. - **Publication:** Braver Angels - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/ - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness) - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John, Jr — White People and the Conversation About Race — 2022 - **Citation:** Wood, John, Jr. "White People and the Conversation About Race." Areo, 2022, https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/. - **Publication:** Areo - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/ - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, John, Jr — White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality — 2022 - **Citation:** Wood, John, Jr. "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality." USA Today, 2022, https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html. - **Publication:** USA Today - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, Zachary R — I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why — 2018 - **Citation:** Wood, Zachary R. "I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why." The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/23/uncomfortable-conversations-campus-zachary-wood. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/23/uncomfortable-conversations-campus-zachary-wood - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, Zachary R — Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America — 2019 - **Citation:** Wood, Zachary R. Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America. Dutton, 2019. - **Publication:** Dutton - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Free Speech (see also Cancel culture) - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, Zachary R. — I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why — 2018 - **Citation:** Wood, Zachary R. "I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why." The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/23/uncomfortable-conversations-campus-zachary-wood. - **Publication:** The Guardian - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/23/uncomfortable-conversations-campus-zachary-wood - **Citation status:** complete ### Wood, Zachary R. — Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America — 2019 - **Citation:** Wood, Zachary R. Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America. Dutton, 2019. - **Publication:** Dutton - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Carter G — Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition — 2008 - **Citation:** Woodson, Carter G. Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition. by Woodson, Carter G, 2008. - **Publication:** by Woodson, Carter G - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Carter G — Mis-Education of the Negro — 2005 - **Citation:** Woodson, Carter G. Mis-Education of the Negro. by Woodson, Carter G, 2005. - **Publication:** by Woodson, Carter G - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Carter G — The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860 — 1926 - **Citation:** Woodson, Carter G. The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860. Washington, D, 1926. - **Publication:** Washington, D - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Slavery - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Carter G — The Mis-Education of the Negro — 1933 - **Citation:** Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro. The Associated Publishers, 1933. - **Publication:** The Associated Publishers - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L — ‘The 1619 Project’ Hurts Blacks, — 2019 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L. "‘The 1619 Project’ Hurts Blacks,." Wall Street Journal, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-1619-project-hurts-blacks-11567033108. - **Publication:** Wall Street Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-1619-project-hurts-blacks-11567033108 - **Topics:** 1619 Project - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L — Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement — 2021 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028. - **Publication:** Newsweek - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028 - **Topics:** Education & Schools - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L — How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights — 2021 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L. "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights." Wall Street Journal, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-left-hijacked-civil-rights-11610748711. - **Publication:** Wall Street Journal - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-left-hijacked-civil-rights-11610748711 - **Topics:** Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L — Media’s Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks — 2021 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L. "Media’s Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks." WSJ, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/medias-racial-narrative-targets-whites-harms-blacks-11618597161. - **Publication:** WSJ - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.wsj.com/articles/medias-racial-narrative-targets-whites-harms-blacks-11618597161 - **Topics:** Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L — Race and Economic Opportunity, — 1989 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L. "Race and Economic Opportunity,." Vanderbilt Law Review, 1989. - **Publication:** Vanderbilt Law Review - **Genre:** article - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime — 1989 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime. AEI Press, 1989. - **Publication:** AEI Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League — 1977 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League. G. K. Hall, 1977. - **Publication:** G. K. Hall - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State — 1989 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State. Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth Foundation, 1989. - **Publication:** Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth Foundation - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah — 1986 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah. Canterbury Press, 1986. - **Publication:** Canterbury Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles — 2021 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles. Bombardier Press, 2021. - **Publication:** Bombardier Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress — 1987 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress. Gateway Books, 1987. - **Publication:** Gateway Books - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today’s Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods — 2007 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today’s Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods. Free Press, 2007. - **Publication:** Free Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Woodson, Robert L., Sr — Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City — 1987 - **Citation:** Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City. AEI Press, 1987. - **Publication:** AEI Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wright, Richard — Black Boy — 1945 - **Citation:** Wright, Richard. Black Boy. Harper & Brothers, 1945. - **Publication:** Harper & Brothers - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Wynton Marsalis and Aryeh Tepper — Albert Murray's Blessing: Wynton Marsalis, Jazz, and American Nobility — 2026 - **Citation:** Wynton Marsalis and Aryeh Tepper. "Albert Murray's Blessing: Wynton Marsalis, Jazz, and American Nobility." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murrays-blessing-wynton-marsalis-jazz-and-american-nobility/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/albert-murrays-blessing-wynton-marsalis-jazz-and-american-nobility/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Yancey, George — Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism — 2022 - **Citation:** Yancey, George. Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism. InterVarsity Press, 2022. - **Publication:** InterVarsity Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Yancey, George — Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility — 2009 - **Citation:** Yancey, George. Beyond Racial Gridlock: Embracing Mutual Responsibility. InterVarsity Press, 2009. - **Publication:** InterVarsity Press - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Racism / structural racism / institutional racism - **Citation status:** complete ### Yancey, George — Conservatives are having their George Floyd moment — 2025 - **Citation:** Yancey, George. "Conservatives are having their George Floyd moment." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/conservatives-are-having-their-george. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/conservatives-are-having-their-george - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter, Politics & Activism - **Citation status:** complete ### Yancey, George — One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America — 2021 - **Citation:** Yancey, George. One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America. NYU Press, 2021. - **Publication:** NYU Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Yancey, George — The Future of DEI — 2025 - **Citation:** Yancey, George. "The Future of DEI." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-future-of-dei. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-future-of-dei - **Topics:** DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility) - **Citation status:** complete ### Z. K. Paschal — Not Some Poor Little Black Fellow — 2021 - **Citation:** Z. K. Paschal. "Not Some Poor Little Black Fellow." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/not-some-poor-little-black-fellow. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/not-some-poor-little-black-fellow - **Topics:** Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness), Art & literature, Victimhood - **Citation status:** complete ### Z.K. Paschal — On Being a "Carlton" — 2023 - **Citation:** Z.K. Paschal. "On Being a "Carlton"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-being-a-carlton. - **Publication:** Journal of Free Black Thought - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/on-being-a-carlton - **Topics:** Whiteness - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Bachelors of Science: Seventeenth Century Identity, Then and Now — 1996 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Bachelors of Science: Seventeenth Century Identity, Then and Now. Temple University Press, 1996. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Ethics for Disaster — 2009 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Ethics for Disaster. 2009. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality — 2005 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality. Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Oxford Handbook on Philosophy and Race — 2017 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Oxford Handbook on Philosophy and Race. Oxford University Press, 2017. - **Publication:** Oxford University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Philosophy of Race: An Introduction — 2018 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Race: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. - **Publication:** Palgrave Macmillan - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Philosophy of Science and Race — 2002 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Science and Race. Routledge, 2002. - **Publication:** Routledge - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government — Forthcoming - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government. Forthcoming. - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Race and Mixed Race — 1993 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Race and Mixed Race. Temple University Press, 1993. - **Publication:** Temple University Press - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Reviving the Social Compact: Inclusive Citizenship in an Age of Extreme Politics — 2018 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Reviving the Social Compact: Inclusive Citizenship in an Age of Extreme Politics. Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface — 2011 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface. Rowman & Littlefield, 2011. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice — 2016 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — Thinking about Race — 1998 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. Thinking about Race. Cengage Learning, 1998. - **Publication:** Cengage Learning - **Genre:** book - **Citation status:** complete ### Zack, Naomi — White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide — 2015 - **Citation:** Zack, Naomi. White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. - **Publication:** Rowman & Littlefield - **Genre:** book - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Ze'ev Jabotinsky — America Has a Rhythm — 2026 - **Citation:** Ze'ev Jabotinsky. "America Has a Rhythm." The Omni-American Review, 2026, https://omniamericanfuture.org/america-has-a-rhythm/. - **Publication:** The Omni-American Review - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://omniamericanfuture.org/america-has-a-rhythm/ - **Citation status:** complete ### Zonke, Sinethemba — We need to stop viewing ‘privilege’ as an insult — 2017 - **Citation:** Zonke, Sinethemba. "We need to stop viewing ‘privilege’ as an insult." Daily Maverick, 2017, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-06-15-we-need-to-stop-viewing-privilege-as-an-insult/amp/. - **Publication:** Daily Maverick - **Genre:** article - **URL:** https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-06-15-we-need-to-stop-viewing-privilege-as-an-insult/amp/ - **Topics:** White Privilege - **Citation status:** complete ### Zuby — Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness — 2020 - **Citation:** Zuby. Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness. 2020, https://gumroad.com/l/zubyfitness. - **Genre:** book - **URL:** https://gumroad.com/l/zubyfitness - **Citation status:** complete ### Zuby — The Problem with Black Lives Matter — 2020 - **Citation:** Zuby. "The Problem with Black Lives Matter." Triggernometry, 2020, https://youtu.be/-Sk4-p_0pcU. - **Publication:** Triggernometry - **Genre:** media - **URL:** https://youtu.be/-Sk4-p_0pcU - **Topics:** Black Lives Matter - **Citation status:** complete ### Zuby — Zuby - **Citation:** Zuby. "Zuby." Zuby, https://www.zubymusic.com/. - **Publication:** Zuby - **Genre:** website - **URL:** https://www.zubymusic.com/ - **Citation status:** incomplete ## Source Sidecars ### Birthright Citizenship - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_198476815-birthright-citizenship_166e6f7d86cf # Birthright Citizenship ## Citation Abigail Ingram. "Birthright Citizenship." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/birthright-citizenship. ## Source Identity - Author: Abigail Ingram - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Immigration](../topics/immigration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Return of Respectability Politics? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_183117204-the-return-of-respectability-polit_05621d46db77 # The Return of Respectability Politics? ## Citation Abigail Ingram. "The Return of Respectability Politics?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-return-of-respectability-politics. ## Source Identity - Author: Abigail Ingram - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Student Movement for Academic Freedom - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adams-rebekah-a-student-movement-for-academi_49c54555599e # A Student Movement for Academic Freedom ## Citation Adams, Rebekah. "A Student Movement for Academic Freedom." Newsweek, 2020, https://www.newsweek.com/student-movement-academic-freedom-opinion-1556366. ## Source Identity - Author: Adams, Rebekah - Year: 2020 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Voters For Trump - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adams-rebekah-black-voters-for-trump-2020_e10f86f1287d # Black Voters For Trump ## Citation Adams, Rebekah. "Black Voters For Trump." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/black-voters-for-trump-opinion/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adams, Rebekah - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adams-rebekah-cancel-cultures-anti-semitism_fa7e7bd88808 # Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem ## Citation Adams, Rebekah. "Cancel Culture’s Anti-Semitism Problem." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/cancel-cultures-anti-semitism-problem/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adams, Rebekah - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](../topics/cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It’s Time For Communal Accountability - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adams-rebekah-its-time-for-communal-accounta_571eab57b123 # It’s Time For Communal Accountability ## Citation Adams, Rebekah. "It’s Time For Communal Accountability." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/its-time-for-communal-accountability-opinion/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adams, Rebekah - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antiracism is too middle-class - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-antiracism-is-too-middle-class_a1da85d91234 # Antiracism is too middle-class ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "Antiracism is too middle-class." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/antiracism-is-too-middle-class/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-biracial-britain-a-different-wa_62ea6b2bdd96 # Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. Biracial Britain: A Different Way of Looking at Race. Little, Brown, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Little, Brown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-has-blm-picked-the-wrong-target_32f9027b0bbb # Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "Has BLM picked the wrong target? It's hard economics, not symbols, that will make the difference for black people." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/why-dont-black-lives-matter/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My problem with black identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-my-problem-with-black-identity_6c004c400ae6 # My problem with black identity ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "My problem with black identity." Spiked, 2018, https://www.spiked-online.com/2018/09/28/my-problem-with-black-identity. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2018 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-not-all-the-facts-fit-the-anti_926269a52d25 # Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "Not all the facts fit the anti-colonialist narrative." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/anti-colonialists-must-tell-the-truth-about-empire/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) - [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The truth about Elizabeth’s empire - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-the-truth-about-elizabeths-empi_dcdcd47b546a # The truth about Elizabeth’s empire ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "The truth about Elizabeth’s empire." Unherd., 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/we-need-to-talk-about-empire/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why does the West hate itself? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adekoya-remi-why-does-the-west-hate-itself-2_c94e4710d024 # Why does the West hate itself? ## Citation Adekoya, Remi. "Why does the West hate itself?" Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/05/the-self-loathing-of-the-west/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adekoya, Remi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adeniji-ade-d-playing-devil-s-advocate-with_f65f73d1cc56 # Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics ## Citation Adeniji, Ade D. "Playing Devil's Advocate with Respectability Politics." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/playing-devils-advocate-respectability-politics-opinion-1570270. ## Source Identity - Author: Adeniji, Ade D - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adeniji-ade-d-there-were-the-negro-leagues-a_14fbd9e19b59 # There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives ## Citation Adeniji, Ade D. "There were the Negro Leagues, and then there were the Black Fives." CBS News, 2021, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-fives-basketball/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adeniji, Ade D - Year: 2021 - Publication: CBS News - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-i-am-a-pessimistic_94d578a231a6 # 'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions ## Citation Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "'I am a pessimistic optimist': Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie answers authors' questions." The Guardian, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-answers-authors-questions. ## Source Identity - Author: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_adichie-chimamanda-ngozi-it-is-obscene-a-tru_2676ac0eb2a4 # It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts ## Citation Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. "It Is Obscene: A True Reflection in Three Parts." Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, 2021, https://www.chimamanda.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The importance of free speech - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ayishat-akanbi-the-importance-of-free-speech_e9ac6d9c05e1 # The importance of free speech ## Citation Akanbi, Ayishat. "The importance of free speech." Double Down News., 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWVemKJH1Gg. ## Source Identity - Author: Akanbi, Ayishat - Year: 2020 - Publication: Double Down News. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Problem with Cancel Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_akanbi-ayishat-double-down-news-2020_5a6ff2f5c880 # The Problem with Cancel Culture ## Citation Akanbi, Ayishat. "The Problem with Cancel Culture." Double Down News, 2020, https://www.instagram.com/tv/B7ldpUBAqiR/. ## Source Identity - Author: Akanbi, Ayishat - Year: 2020 - Publication: Double Down News - Genre: media ## Related Topics - [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](../topics/cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The problem with wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_akanbi-ayishat-the-problem-with-wokeness-201_be708b551a9d # The problem with wokeness ## Citation Akanbi, Ayishat. "The problem with wokeness." All About Women 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sni7ghqHBJw. ## Source Identity - Author: Akanbi, Ayishat - Year: 2019 - Publication: All About Women 2019 - Genre: media ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Victimhood is a state of mind - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ayishat-akanbi-victimhood-is-a-state-of-mind_ee727c3980a5 # Victimhood is a state of mind ## Citation Akanbi, Ayishat. "Victimhood is a state of mind." Triggernometry, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuAd IAkOl4. ## Source Identity - Author: Akanbi, Ayishat - Year: 2020 - Publication: Triggernometry - Genre: Web-based content: blogs, vlogs, organizations, resources, reports, social media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-against-reactionary-and-myopi_345cddd31beb # Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Against Reactionary and Myopic Approaches to Higher Ed Reform." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/10/04/reactionary-myopic-approaches-higher-ed-reform/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2019 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-comparing-perceived-freedom-o_edd3787e509e # Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Comparing Perceived Freedom of Expression on Campus v. Off." Heterodox Academy, 2019, https://musaalgharbi.com/2019/04/19/comparing-perceived-freedom-of-expression-on-campus-v-off/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2019 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-difference-and-repetition-in_530c377fdee8 # Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Difference and Repetition in the Viewpoint Diversity Space." Heterodox Academy, 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/difference-and-repetition-in-the-viewpoint-diversity-space/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Disposable People - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-disposable-people-2020_6a9fa4cb7864 # Disposable People ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Disposable People." The Baffler, 2020, https://thebaffler.com/latest/disposable-people-algharbi. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Baffler - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-diversity-is-important-divers_f9771d46816c # Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Diversity is Important. Diversity-Related Training is Terrible." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/09/16/diversity-important-related-training-terrible/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-diversity-training-doesnt-wor_98fed60b231d # ‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘Diversity Training’ Doesn’t Work. This Might." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/diversity-training-doesnt-work-this-might/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-if-conservative-views-are-not_0fa308c00139 # If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most, ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "If Conservative Views are Not Represented in Social Research, Leftists Will Suffer Most,." Times Higher Education, 2018, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/if-conservative-views-are-not-represented-social-research-leftists-will-suffer-most. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2018 - Publication: Times Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It’s Time to Stop Patronizing White People - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-its-time-to-stop-patronizing_c2cb2abd0119 # It’s Time to Stop Patronizing White People ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "It’s Time to Stop Patronizing White People." Salon, 2015, https://musaalgharbi.com/2015/08/25/its-time-to-stop-patronizing-white-people/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2015 - Publication: Salon - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-on-the-great-awokening-and-ra_53bfa895cb3f # On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "On the ‘Great Awokening’ and Racial Realities." Interfaith America, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/12/15/great-awokening-racial-realities/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Interfaith America - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-people-of-the-book-empire-and_fb1b4d197ff0 # People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. People of the Book: Empire and Social Science in the Islamic Commonwealth Period. Socius, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Socius - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-resistance-as-sacrifice-towar_c3daa2a21c99 # Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Resistance as Sacrifice: Towards an Ascetic Antiracism." Sociological Forum, 2019, https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/wd54z/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2019 - Publication: Sociological Forum - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-the-culture-war-stuff-just-ro_81b4be088e76 # ‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "‘The Culture-War Stuff Just Rots the Brain’ The sociologist Musa al-Gharbi on empire, Islam, and the hypocritical liberalism of Manhattan." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-culture-war-stuff-just-rots-the-brain. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Sacred Project of American Sociology - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-the-sacred-project-of-america_46154b30d0e7 # The Sacred Project of American Sociology ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "The Sacred Project of American Sociology." Heterodox Academy, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/07/sacred-project-american-sociology/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-the-weirdest-people-in-the-wo_223712e00a38 # The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous." Musa al-Gharbi, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/11/29/traditional-family-weird-culture/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Musa al-Gharbi - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Too Noxious for Tenure? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-too-noxious-for-tenure-2019_3532e7aff5f3 # Too Noxious for Tenure? ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Too Noxious for Tenure?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/too-noxious-for-tenure/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Who defines what ‘racist’ means? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-who-defines-what-racist-means_981b4660f3f9 # Who defines what ‘racist’ means? ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Who defines what ‘racist’ means?" Context, 2020, https://musaalgharbi.com/2020/05/15/definition-racist-actions-actors/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Context - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-why-arent-there-more-black-re_ae326e506c9b # Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans? ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why Aren’t There More Black Republicans?" The American Conservative, 2016, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/why-arent-there-more-black-republicans/. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2016 - Publication: The American Conservative - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why don’t some people want to get the vaccine? Here’s why - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_al-gharbi-musa-why-dont-some-people-want-to_fc24d12f5c95 # Why don’t some people want to get the vaccine? Here’s why ## Citation al-Gharbi, Musa. "Why don’t some people want to get the vaccine? Here’s why." The Guardian, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/15/this-is-why-some-people-dont-want-to-get-the-covid-vaccine. ## Source Identity - Author: al-Gharbi, Musa - Year: 2022 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_alexander-stephon-the-jazz-of-physics-the-se_bc7f7e04822e # The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe ## Citation Alexander, Stephon. The Jazz of Physics: The Secret Link Between Music and the Structure of the Universe. Basic Books, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Alexander, Stephon - Year: 2016 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Biden’s most heartless betrayal: America cares more about pronouns than the fate of Afghan women - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ali-ayaan-hirsi-bidens-most-heartless-betray_1742ab832624 # Biden’s most heartless betrayal: America cares more about pronouns than the fate of Afghan women ## Citation Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Biden’s most heartless betrayal: America cares more about pronouns than the fate of Afghan women." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/bidens-most-heartless-betrayal/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ali, Ayaan Hirsi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Critical Race Theory’s new disguise - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ali-ayaan-hirsi-critical-race-theorys-new-di_4e795289d986 # Critical Race Theory’s new disguise ## Citation Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Critical Race Theory’s new disguise." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/10/critical-race-theorys-new-disguise/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ali, Ayaan Hirsi - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Schools shouldn’t fly BLM flags - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ali-ayaan-hirsi-schools-shouldnt-fly-blm-fla_991f28f35235 # Schools shouldn’t fly BLM flags ## Citation Ali, Ayaan Hirsi. "Schools shouldn’t fly BLM flags." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/schools-shouldnt-fly-blm-flags/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ali, Ayaan Hirsi - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-citizenship-in-the-21st-centu_206109f80b9e # Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation ## Citation Allen, Danielle. "Citizenship in the 21st Century Means Participation." The Atlantic, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/12/danielle-allen-american-citizens-serfdom/600778/. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-cuz-the-life-and-times-of-mic_3c751cba657c # Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A. ## Citation Allen, Danielle. Cuz: The Life and Times of Michael A. Liveright, 2017, https://danielleallen.scholars.harvard.edu/. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2017 - Publication: Liveright - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Education and Equality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-education-and-equality-2016_68d987a4a149 # Education and Equality ## Citation Allen, Danielle. Education and Equality. University of Chicago Press, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2016 - Publication: University of Chicago Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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"Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century." American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2020, https://www.amacad.org/ourcommonpurpose/report. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle, Stephen B. Heintz, and Eric Liu - Year: 2020 - Publication: American Academy of Arts & Sciences - Genre: report ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-talking-to-strangers-anxietie_93e008508488 # Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education ## Citation Allen, Danielle. Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown v. Board of Education. University of Chicago Press, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2004 - Publication: University of Chicago Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-what-i-learned-when-i-ran-for_78ab8f424796 # What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts ## Citation Allen, Danielle. "What I Learned When I Ran for Governor of Massachusetts." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/learned-ran-for-governor-massachusetts-supermajority-ballot-initiatives-agreement-political-parties-11651848469. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2022 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-danielle-world-of-prometheus-the-polit_3cd650423c3a # World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens ## Citation Allen, Danielle. World of Prometheus: The Politics of Punishing in Democratic Athens. Princeton University Press, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Danielle - Year: 2002 - Publication: Princeton University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-robert-lee-a-guide-to-black-power-in-a_2540d0c2d991 # A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis ## Citation Allen, Robert Lee. A Guide to Black Power in America: An Historical Analysis. Gollancz, 1970. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Robert Lee - Year: 1970 - Publication: Gollancz - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-robert-lee-brotherman-the-odyssey-of-b_c0f2c80375ba # Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology ## Citation Allen, Robert Lee. Brotherman: The Odyssey of Black Men in America - An Anthology. Ballantine, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Robert Lee - Year: 1995 - Publication: Ballantine - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-robert-lee-reluctant-reformers-the-imp_a20b9c7c452d # Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements ## Citation Allen, Robert Lee. Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements. Howard University Press, 1974. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Robert Lee - Year: 1974 - Publication: Howard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_allen-robert-lee-strong-in-the-struggle-my-l_ec3a81352290 # Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist ## Citation Allen, Robert Lee. Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Allen, Robert Lee - Year: 2001 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_anderson-elijah-code-of-the-street-decency-v_13239df0baf3 # Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City ## Citation Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Anderson, Elijah - Year: 2000 - Publication: W. W. Norton & Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-africana-the-encycloped_ebf789a6adb3 # Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2005 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) - [Western Civilization](../topics/western-civilization.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-from-yoga-to-rap-cultur_eb0716c8d559 # From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect, ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "From Yoga to Rap, Cultural Borrowing is Great; The Problem is Disrespect,." The Wire, 2018, https://thewire.in/books/cultural-borrowing-kwame-anthony-appiahbook-extract-lies-that-bind. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2018 - Publication: The Wire - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-in-my-fathers-house-afr_21eaee778410 # In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 1992 - Publication: New York, NY: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-lines-of-descent-w-e-b_581b0850e71c # Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. Lines of Descent: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity. Harvard University Press, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2014 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Ethics of Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-the-ethics-of-identity_d7656bffc699 # The Ethics of Identity ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Ethics of Identity. Princeton University Press, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2005 - Publication: Princeton University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-kwame-anthony-the-lies-that-bind-reth_b9584ac5f674 # The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity. New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2018 - Publication: New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_appiah-anthony-kwame-why-are-politicians-sud_43e923793744 # Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'? ## Citation Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Why are politicians suddenly talking about their 'lived experience'?" The Guardian, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/14/lived-experience-kamala-harris. ## Source Identity - Author: Appiah, Kwame Anthony - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Israeli Academic’s Case for Liberal Nationalism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_archie-andre-an-israeli-academics-case-for-l_4894b1034fc5 # An Israeli Academic’s Case for Liberal Nationalism ## Citation Archie, Andre. "An Israeli Academic’s Case for Liberal Nationalism." National Review, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/06/24/an-israeli-academics-case-for-liberal-nationalism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Archie, Andre - Year: 2019 - Publication: National Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Systemic Racism’ Is Not What Ails Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_archie-andre-systemic-racism-is-not-what-ail_3a05e02e6433 # ‘Systemic Racism’ Is Not What Ails Black America ## Citation Archie, Andre. "‘Systemic Racism’ Is Not What Ails Black America." National Review, 2020, https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/06/black-americans-and-systemic-racism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Archie, Andre - Year: 2020 - Publication: National Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Power of Bourgeois Norms - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_archie-andre-the-power-of-bourgeois-norms-20_e0754a1a5942 # The Power of Bourgeois Norms ## Citation Archie, Andre. "The Power of Bourgeois Norms." National Review, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/11/25/the-power-of-bourgeois-norms/. ## Source Identity - Author: Archie, Andre - Year: 2019 - Publication: National Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Makes the Classics Worth Studying - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_archie-andre-what-makes-the-classics-worth-s_bb3a69602259 # What Makes the Classics Worth Studying ## Citation Archie, Andre. "What Makes the Classics Worth Studying." National Review, 2021, https://www.nationalreview.com/2021/02/what-makes-the-classics-worth-studying/. ## Source Identity - Author: Archie, Andre - Year: 2021 - Publication: National Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ards-angela-annette-gordon-reed-explores-the_7ed11f109266 # Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth ## Citation Ards, Angela. "Annette Gordon-Reed Explores the Tangled Meaning of Juneteenth." Texas Monthly., 2021, https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/annette-gordon-reed-on-juneteenth-review/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ards, Angela - Year: 2021 - Publication: Texas Monthly. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Putting history in the dock is not the answer - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_badenoch-olukemi-kemi-olufunto-putting-histo_ed4c79fb7ac3 # Putting history in the dock is not the answer ## Citation Badenoch, Kemi. "Putting history in the dock is not the answer." Daily Mail, 2022, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10621491/Putting-history-dock-not-answer-writes-KEMI-BADENOCH.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Badenoch, Kemi - Year: 2022 - Publication: Daily Mail - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_badenoch-kemi-remarks-in-parliament-on-criti_b307c0625052 # Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory ## Citation Badenoch, Kemi. "Remarks in Parliament on Critical Race Theory." UK Parliament, 2020, https://youtu.be/3vf7yX9ESRc. ## Source Identity - Author: Badenoch, Kemi - Year: 2020 - Publication: UK Parliament - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Go Tell It on the Mountain - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-go-tell-it-on-the-mountain-195_e26c5ba6ba01 # Go Tell It on the Mountain ## Citation Baldwin, James. Go Tell It on the Mountain. Knopf, 1953. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1953 - Publication: Knopf - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Letter from a Region in My Mind - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-letter-from-a-region-in-my-min_5d74d396dbd2 # Letter from a Region in My Mind ## Citation Baldwin, James. "Letter from a Region in My Mind." The New Yorker., 1962, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1962/11/17/letter-from-a-region-in-my-mind. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1962 - Publication: The New Yorker. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### No Name in the Street - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-no-name-in-the-street-1972_1e58bcc33f6a # No Name in the Street ## Citation Baldwin, James. No Name in the Street. 1972. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1972 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Notes of a Native Son - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-notes-of-a-native-son-1955_81271034bfb7 # Notes of a Native Son ## Citation Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1955 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-the-cross-of-redemption-uncoll_ddbb7452cb11 # The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings ## Citation Baldwin, James. The Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings. Pantheon, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 2010 - Publication: Pantheon - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Fire Next Time - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-the-fire-next-time-1962_e2f746ece67a # The Fire Next Time ## Citation Baldwin, James. The Fire Next Time. 1962. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1962 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baldwin-james-why-i-stopped-hating-shakespea_cf915469cf91 # Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare ## Citation Baldwin, James. "Why I Stopped Hating Shakespeare." The Cross of Redemption, 1964, https://www.folger.edu/sites/default/files/Why%20I%20Stopped%20Hating%20Shakespeare JamesBaldwin.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Baldwin, James - Year: 1964 - Publication: The Cross of Redemption - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_banks-ralph-richard-an-interracial-fix-for-b_edc7c899a95d # An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage ## Citation Banks , Ralph Richard. "An Interracial Fix for Black Marriage." WSJ, 2011, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903454504576486492588283556. ## Source Identity - Author: Banks , Ralph Richard - Year: 2011 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Crime-Abortion Link Isn’t a Racist Attack - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_banks-ralph-richard-crime-abortion-link-isnt_2071d7644e41 # Crime-Abortion Link Isn’t a Racist Attack ## Citation Banks , Ralph Richard. "Crime-Abortion Link Isn’t a Racist Attack." LA Times, 1999, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-aug-23-me-2877-story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Banks , Ralph Richard - Year: 1999 - Publication: LA Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_banks-ralph-richard-is-marriage-for-white-pe_6f187fb8199e # Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone ## Citation Banks , Ralph Richard. Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone. New York: Dutton, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Banks , Ralph Richard - Year: 2011 - Publication: New York: Dutton - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_banks-ralph-richard-marriage-how-moral-norms_2b9945d4f00c # Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve ## Citation Banks , Ralph Richard. "Marriage: How Moral Norms Evolve." New York Times, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/03/marriage-the-next-chapter/marriage-how-moral-norms-evolve. ## Source Identity - Author: Banks , Ralph Richard - Year: 2011 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_baucham-voddie-t-jr-fault-lines-the-social-j_5e7733fdc7fc # Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe ## Citation Baucham, Voddie T., Jr. Fault Lines: The Social Justice Movement and Evangelicalism's Looming Catastrophe. Salem Books, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Baucham, Voddie T., Jr - Year: 2021 - Publication: Salem Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Humor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writi_b44a79e27492 # Black Humor ## Citation Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). "Black Humor." New York Times, 2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/22/books/review/black-humor.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) - Year: 2006 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writi_5de75c28900a # Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor ## Citation Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Hokum: An Anthology of African-American Humor. Bloomsbury, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) - Year: 2006 - Publication: Bloomsbury - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Humor](../topics/humor.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Farrar Straus Giroux, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) - Year: 2015 - Publication: Farrar Straus Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The White Boy Shuffle - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writi_2d9256c05edb # The White Boy Shuffle ## Citation Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). The White Boy Shuffle. Picador, 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) - Year: 1996 - Publication: Picador - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Tuff - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_beatty-paul-poet-novelist-professor-of-writi_d88212a1a7ed # Tuff ## Citation Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.). Tuff. Alfred A, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Beatty, Paul (Poet, novelist, professor of writing, Columbia University.) - Year: 2000 - Publication: Alfred A - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bennett-lerone-jr-before-the-mayflower-a-his_402c177060bc # Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962 ## Citation Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962. Penguin Books, 1962. ## Source Identity - Author: Bennett, Lerone, Jr - Year: 1962 - Publication: Penguin Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bennett-lerone-jr-black-power-u-s-a-the-huma_83d5f44052cd # Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877 ## Citation Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Black Power U.S.A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877. 1967. ## Source Identity - Author: Bennett, Lerone, Jr - Year: 1967 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bennett-lerone-jr-forced-into-glory-abraham_a06fbcd1dcd0 # Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream ## Citation Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream. Johnson Publishing Company, Inc, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Bennett, Lerone, Jr - Year: 2000 - Publication: Johnson Publishing Company, Inc - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Ebony, 1968. ## Source Identity - Author: Bennett, Lerone, Jr - Year: 1968 - Publication: Ebony - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bennett-lerone-jr-what-manner-of-man-a-biogr_390bb1ffe01d # What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. ## Citation Bennett, Lerone, Jr. What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. 1964. ## Source Identity - Author: Bennett, Lerone, Jr - Year: 1964 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_besley-timothy-stephen-coate-and-glenn-loury_51e80a2bf095 # Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency ## Citation Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, Credit Markets and Efficiency." The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 61, no. 4, 1994, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2297915. ## Source Identity - Author: Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury - Year: 1994 - Publication: The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 61, no. 4 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_besley-timothy-stephen-coate-and-glenn-loury_33838f3bb7f7 # The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations ## Citation Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury. "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations." The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 4, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117579. ## Source Identity - Author: Besley, Timothy, Stephen Coate, and Glenn Loury - Year: 1993 - Publication: The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 4 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_betts-reginald-dwayne-a-question-of-freedom_d6c04c07d36e # A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison ## Citation Betts, Reginald Dwayne. A Question of Freedom: A Memoir of Learning, Survival, and Coming of Age in Prison. Avery, 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Betts, Reginald Dwayne - Year: 2009 - Publication: Avery - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Norton & Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Shahid Reads His Own Palm - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_betts-reginald-dwayne-shahid-reads-his-own-p_e5d342d3861e # Shahid Reads His Own Palm ## Citation Betts, Reginald Dwayne. Shahid Reads His Own Palm. Alice James Books, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Betts, Reginald Dwayne - Year: 2010 - Publication: Alice James Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_biden-joseph-r-jr-a-proclamation-on-martin-l_1931a3501384 # A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024 ## Citation Biden, Joseph R., Jr. "A Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2024." The White House, 2024, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/01/12/a-proclamation-on-martin-luther-king-jr-federal-holiday-2024/. ## Source Identity - Author: Biden, Joseph R., Jr - Year: 2024 - Publication: The White House - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bin-hamid-ali-abdullah-how-islamic-is-critic_edb4e0804d51 # How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory? ## Citation bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah. "How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?" Lamppost, 2020, https://lamppostedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/how-Islamic critical race theory.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: bin Hamid Ali, Abdullah - Year: 2020 - Publication: Lamppost - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Fresh Look at Racial Injustice - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-a-fresh-look-at-racial-injust_22cefc13c4d2 # A Fresh Look at Racial Injustice ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "A Fresh Look at Racial Injustice." QuincyLSB, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/a-fresh-look-at-racial-injustice/. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2020 - Publication: QuincyLSB - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-how-modern-day-media-manipula_8d7cd2e0ea88 # How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "How Modern-Day Media Manipulates Your Worldview." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/everyday-you-are-being-manipulated-f27e69a10a90. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2020 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Life As a Double Minority - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-life-as-a-double-minority-202_d87d4fc22b1b # Life As a Double Minority ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "Life As a Double Minority." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/i-brought-receipts/life-as-a-double-minority-f7d8f5282464. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2020 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My idea of an ally - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-my-idea-of-an-ally-2020_068d7abf3d8e # My idea of an ally ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "My idea of an ally." QuincyLSB.com, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/my-idea-of-an-ally/. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2020 - Publication: QuincyLSB.com - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Thoughts on George Floyd - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-thoughts-on-george-floyd-2020_ed3a2ba4f8b0 # Thoughts on George Floyd ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "Thoughts on George Floyd." QuincyLSB, 2020, https://quincylsb.com/thoughts-on-george-floyd/. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2020 - Publication: QuincyLSB - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What the Solar Republic Means to Me - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bingham-quincy-what-the-solar-republic-means_7b616b966766 # What the Solar Republic Means to Me ## Citation Bingham, Quincy. "What the Solar Republic Means to Me." QuincyLSB, 2016, https://quincylsb.com/what-the-solar-republic-means-to-me/. ## Source Identity - Author: Bingham, Quincy - Year: 2016 - Publication: QuincyLSB - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_birbalsingh-katharine-battle-hymn-of-the-tig_96ce1bc077b7 # Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way ## Citation Birbalsingh, Katharine. Battle Hymn of the Tiger Teachers: The Michaela Way. John Catt Educational, Ltd, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Birbalsingh, Katharine - Year: 2019 - Publication: John Catt Educational, Ltd - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Michaela: The Power of Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_birbalsingh-katharine-michaela-the-power-of_ca2bbea34de9 # Michaela: The Power of Culture ## Citation Birbalsingh, Katharine. Michaela: The Power of Culture. John Catt Educational, Ltd, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Birbalsingh, Katharine - Year: 2020 - Publication: John Catt Educational, Ltd - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_birbalsingh-katharine-minority-women-can-thi_8a2f5bd0802b # Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism ## Citation Birbalsingh, Katharine. "Minority women can think for themselves: Black and Asian people are expected to toe the Left's line on race and racism." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/minority-women-can-think-for-themselves/. ## Source Identity - Author: Birbalsingh, Katharine - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The trouble with the American police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_birbalsingh-katharine-the-trouble-with-the-a_1b3798e78550 # The trouble with the American police ## Citation Birbalsingh, Katharine. "The trouble with the American police." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/04/the-trouble-with-american-police/. ## Source Identity - Author: Birbalsingh, Katharine - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Miss with Love - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_birbalsingh-katharine-to-miss-with-love-2011_8fb7000d09f8 # To Miss with Love ## Citation Birbalsingh, Katharine. To Miss with Love. Penguin, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Birbalsingh, Katharine - Year: 2011 - Publication: Penguin - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Most millennials haven’t got a clue what socialism is - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_black-harold-a-most-millennials-havent-got-a_1c50b2903eb0 # Most millennials haven’t got a clue what socialism is ## Citation Black, Harold A. "Most millennials haven’t got a clue what socialism is." Knox News, 2019, https://www.knoxnews.com/story/money/columnists/harold-black/2019/10/31/harold-a-black-most-milliennials-havent-clue-what-socialism/2502817001/. ## Source Identity - Author: Black, Harold A - Year: 2019 - Publication: Knox News - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cult of Victimhood - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_black-harold-a-the-cult-of-victimhood-2020_81511f3b1eff # The Cult of Victimhood ## Citation Black, Harold A. "The Cult of Victimhood." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/the-cult-of-victimhood/. ## Source Identity - Author: Black, Harold A - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776 Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Statement Announcing Break with BLM Global Network - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_black-lives-matter-inland-empire-california_234d34b5af1f # Statement Announcing Break with BLM Global Network ## Citation Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California). "Statement Announcing Break with BLM Global Network." Left Out Magazine, 2021, https://leftoutmag.com/2021/02/04/breaking/. ## Source Identity - Author: Black Lives Matter, Inland Empire (California) - Year: 2021 - Publication: Left Out Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Some properties of Markoff chains - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blackwell-david-harold-1919-2020-some-proper_34960812b919 # Some properties of Markoff chains ## Citation Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020). Some properties of Markoff chains. Dissertation, 1941. ## Source Identity - Author: Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020) - Year: 1941 - Publication: Dissertation - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Theory of games and statistical decisions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blackwell-david-harold-1919-2020-theory-of-g_5443082f6f74 # Theory of games and statistical decisions ## Citation Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020). Theory of games and statistical decisions. New York: Wiley, 1954. ## Source Identity - Author: Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2020) - Year: 1954 - Publication: New York: Wiley - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reform, Not Defunding - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blain-charles-reform-not-defunding-2020_b7e7d54659e8 # Reform, Not Defunding ## Citation Blain, Charles. "Reform, Not Defunding." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-would-harm-minority-communities. ## Source Identity - Author: Blain, Charles - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Virus’s Uneven Path - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blain-charles-the-viruss-uneven-path-2020_13d1423d498b # The Virus’s Uneven Path ## Citation Blain, Charles. "The Virus’s Uneven Path." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/working-class-economic-stress. ## Source Identity - Author: Blain, Charles - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blain-keisha-n-new-perspectives-on-the-black_939233df77f3 # New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition ## Citation Blain, Keisha N. "New Perspectives on the Black Intellectual Tradition." Northwestern University Press, 2018, https://nupress.northwestern.edu/9780810138124/new-perspectives-on-the-black-intellectual-tradition/. ## Source Identity - Author: Blain, Keisha N - Year: 2018 - Publication: Northwestern University Press - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_51000387-how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be_00e13e07cd26 # How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist ## Citation Bland, Gesha-Marie. "How Generation X Taught Me To Be A Free Speech Absolutist." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-generation-x-taught-me-to-be. ## Source Identity - Author: Bland, Gesha-Marie - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bland-gesha-marie-im-not-a-blm-supporter-but_c371fea8a948 # I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One ## Citation Bland, Gesha-Marie. "I’m Not a BLM Supporter but I Dated One." Medium, 2021, https://gmgeiko.medium.com/im-not-a-blm-supporter-but-i-dated-one-8aa9b6db05a. ## Source Identity - Author: Bland, Gesha-Marie - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bland-gesha-marie-just-not-an-identity-polit_5e1d4b60ea0a # Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl ## Citation Bland, Gesha-Marie. "Just Not An Identity Politics Kinda Girl." Medium, 2021, https://gmgeiko.medium.com/just-not-an-identity-politics-kinda-girl-b1d4b68bf9d3. ## Source Identity - Author: Bland, Gesha-Marie - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It is Time for Accountability - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_blm10-it-is-time-for-accountability-2020_42902cd881c2 # It is Time for Accountability ## Citation #BLM10. "It is Time for Accountability." BLM Chapter Statement, 2020, https://www.blmchapterstatement.com/no1/. ## Source Identity - Author: #BLM10 - Year: 2020 - Publication: BLM Chapter Statement - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A change has come: Race, politics, and the path to the Obama presidency, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bobo-lawrence-d-a-change-has-come-race-polit_4c5f3122e390 # A change has come: Race, politics, and the path to the Obama presidency, ## Citation Bobo, Lawrence, D. A change has come: Race, politics, and the path to the Obama presidency,. Du Bois Review, 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Bobo, Lawrence, D - Year: 2009 - Publication: Du Bois Review - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### et al. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bobo-lawrence-d-et-al-1997_e804c66af78f # et al. ## Citation Bobo, Lawrence, D. et al. Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Bobo, Lawrence, D - Year: 1997 - Publication: Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bobo-lawrence-d-racial-attitudes-and-relatio_43b1c6412d1c # Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century, ## Citation Bobo, Lawrence, D. "Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century,." America becoming: Racial trends and their consequences, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Bobo, Lawrence, D - Year: 2001 - Publication: America becoming: Racial trends and their consequences - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Real Record on Racial Attitudes, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bobo-lawrence-d-the-real-record-on-racial-at_f3accbc1c8ad # The Real Record on Racial Attitudes, ## Citation Bobo, Lawrence, D. The Real Record on Racial Attitudes,. Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972. ## Source Identity - Author: Bobo, Lawrence, D - Year: 2012 - Publication: Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972 - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bowen-william-g-and-derek-bok-the-shape-of-t_1e71b4bf89aa # The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions ## Citation Bowen, William G., and Derek Bok. The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions. Princeton University Press, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Bowen, William G., and Derek Bok - Year: 1998 - Publication: Princeton University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Group Inequality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bowles-samuel-glenn-c-loury-and-rajiv-sethi_b4fbf839db2e # Group Inequality ## Citation Bowles, Samuel, Glenn C. Loury, and Rajiv Sethi. "Group Inequality." Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 12, no. 1, 2014, https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/jeurec/v12y2014i1p129-152.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Bowles, Samuel, Glenn C. Loury, and Rajiv Sethi - Year: 2014 - Publication: Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 12, no. 1 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_benjamin-a-boyce-host-wilfred-reilly-guest-t_cddb1b9769bd # The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Boyce, Benjamin A., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "The Lies That Liberals Teach with Wilfred Reilly." Benjamin A. Boyce YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKIk89xzW-M. ## Source Identity - Author: Boyce, Benjamin A., host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest - Year: 2024 - Publication: Benjamin A. Boyce YouTube Channel - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate With Dr. Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_boyd-charles-and-wilfred-reilly-what-thomas_7d00d2b55304 # What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate With Dr. Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Boyd, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly. "What Thomas Sowell Got Wrong About Slavery and History: A Debate With Dr. Wilfred Reilly." Minority of One with Charles Boyd, 2021, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/what-thomas-sowell-got-wrong-about-slavery-and/id1296038295?i=1000537388872. ## Source Identity - Author: Boyd, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly - Year: 2021 - Publication: Minority of One with Charles Boyd - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-aliens-in-the-promised-lan_2a2cb9c4ef7c # Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Aliens in the Promised Land: Why Minority Leadership Is Overlooked in White Christian Churches and Institutions. P&R Publishing, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2013 - Publication: P&R Publishing - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-black-and-tired-essays-on_2742e07cde81 # Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Black and Tired: Essays on Race, Politics, Culture, and International Development. Wipf & Stock, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2011 - Publication: Wipf & Stock - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-black-scholars-in-white-sp_ea1955e3bc15 # Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Black Scholars in White Space: New Vistas in African American Studies from the Christian Academy. Pickwick Publications, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2015 - Publication: Pickwick Publications - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-ending-overcriminalization_c97fdaa7e617 # Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration: Hope from Civil Society. Cambridge University Press, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2018 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-faith-in-society-13-profil_f4e6acadbdf8 # Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Faith in Society: 13 Profiles of Christians Adding Value to the Modern World. Resource Publications, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2019 - Publication: Resource Publications - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-liberating-black-theology_9d1400b96541 # Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Liberating Black Theology: The Bible and the Black Experience in America. Crossway, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2010 - Publication: Crossway - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-the-political-economy-of-l_f60e38145beb # The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. The Political Economy of Liberation: Thomas Sowell and James Cone on the Black Experience. Peter Lang, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2012 - Publication: Peter Lang - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Third Blow - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_170625540-the-third-blow_27750a16ebb9 # The Third Blow ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. "The Third Blow." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-third-blow. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Labor](../topics/labor.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bradley-anthony-b-why-black-lives-matter-afr_9c09707080f6 # Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century ## Citation Bradley, Anthony B. Why Black Lives Matter: African American Thriving for the Twenty-First Century. Cascade Publishing, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Bradley, Anthony B - Year: 2020 - Publication: Cascade Publishing - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The nation’s largest citizens’ movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_braver-angels-wood-john-r-jr-the-nations-lar_37bfae66b2a2 # The nation’s largest citizens’ movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America ## Citation Braver Angels. "The nation’s largest citizens’ movement working to bring liberals and conservatives together to depolarize America." Braver Angels, https://braverangels.org/. ## Source Identity - Author: Braver Angels - Year: Unknown - Publication: Braver Angels - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I’m Leaving the Cult of Wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brooke-africa-why-im-leaving-the-cult-of-wok_494069a2c204 # Why I’m Leaving the Cult of Wokeness ## Citation Brooke, Africa. "Why I’m Leaving the Cult of Wokeness." Africa Brooke, 2019, https://ckarchive.com/b/d0ueh0h67mpd. ## Source Identity - Author: Brooke, Africa - Year: 2019 - Publication: Africa Brooke - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### America Works. DEI Doesn't - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brooks-corey-america-works-dei-doesn-t-2023_baa6adcf92cf # America Works. DEI Doesn't ## Citation Brooks, Corey. "America Works. DEI Doesn't." Tablet, 2023, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/america-works-dei-doesnt. ## Source Identity - Author: Brooks, Corey - Year: 2023 - Publication: Tablet - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-cecil-how-the-enslaved-came-to-celebra_2585519364fd # How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day ## Citation Brown, Cecil. "How the Enslaved Came to Celebrate Independence Day." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/how-the-enslaved-came-to-celebrate-independence-day/. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Cecil - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Common Reader - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-cecil-the-life-and-loves-of-mr-jiveass_eecd94416c6e # The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger ## Citation Brown, Cecil. The Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1969. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Cecil - Year: 1969 - Publication: Farrar, Straus and Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-cecil-what-common-and-enslaved-poet-ge_08bebf52b212 # What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared ## Citation Brown, Cecil. "What Common and Enslaved Poet George Moses Horton Shared." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/what-common-and-enslaved-poet-george-moses-horton-shared/. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Cecil - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Common Reader - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-cecil-with-james-baldwin-at-the-welcom_a7d94737ec00 # With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table ## Citation Brown, Cecil. "With James Baldwin at the Welcome Table." The Common Reader, 2019, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/with-james-baldwin-at-the-welcome-table/. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Cecil - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Common Reader - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Children of Ham - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-claude-children-of-ham-1976_d84693288050 # Children of Ham ## Citation Brown, Claude. Children of Ham. Stein and Day, 1976. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Claude - Year: 1976 - Publication: Stein and Day - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Manchild in the Promised Land - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-claude-manchild-in-the-promised-land-1_e7cbcaf7b907 # Manchild in the Promised Land ## Citation Brown, Claude. Manchild in the Promised Land. Macmillan & Co, 1965. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Claude - Year: 1965 - Publication: Macmillan & Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brown-lee-strong-in-the-struggle-my-life-as_1ded21640104 # Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist ## Citation Brown, Lee. Strong in the Struggle: My Life as a Black Labor Activist. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Brown, Lee - Year: 2001 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_brunson-rod-k-protests-focus-on-over-policin_0e51aa7974ca # Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly ## Citation Brunson, Rod K. "Protests focus on over-policing. But under-policing is also deadly." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/underpolicing-cities-violent-crime/2020/06/12/b5d1fd26-ac0c-11ea-9063-e69bd6520940 story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Brunson, Rod K - Year: 2020 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bunche-ralph-a-brief-and-tentative-analysis_d86811035952 # A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership ## Citation Bunche, Ralph. A Brief and Tentative Analysis of Negro Leadership. New York University Press, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Bunche, Ralph - Year: 2005 - Publication: New York University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A World View of Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bunche-ralph-a-world-view-of-race-1936_4ffae482d4de # A World View of Race ## Citation Bunche, Ralph. A World View of Race. Washington, D, 1936, https://books.google.com/?id=WRlGvwEACAAJ. ## Source Identity - Author: Bunche, Ralph - Year: 1936 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bunche-ralph-an-african-american-in-south-af_8d93b9852952 # An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938 ## Citation Bunche, Ralph. An African American in South Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche, September 28, 1937 – January 1, 1938. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1992. ## Source Identity - Author: Bunche, Ralph - Year: 1992 - Publication: Athens: Ohio University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bunche-ralph-an-american-dilemma-the-negro-p_8eb1a61f9388 # An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy ## Citation Bunche, Ralph. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. Harper & Brothers, 1944. ## Source Identity - Author: Bunche, Ralph - Year: 1944 - Publication: Harper & Brothers - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bunche-ralph-ralph-j-bunche-selected-speeche_5d9cf783e7e9 # Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings ## Citation Bunche, Ralph. Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995, https://books.google.com/?id=YbEE659doD8C. ## Source Identity - Author: Bunche, Ralph - Year: 1995 - Publication: Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Caste Does Not Explain Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_burden-stellly-charisse-caste-does-not-expla_41d204be6f80 # Caste Does Not Explain Race ## Citation Burden-Stelly, Charisse. "Caste Does Not Explain Race." Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents, 2020, http://bostonreview.net/race/charisse-burden-stelly-caste-does-not-explain-race. ## Source Identity - Author: Burden-Stelly, Charisse - Year: 2020 - Publication: Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_butler-john-sibley-straight-out-of-the-black_901c60b3697f # Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century ## Citation Butler, John Sibley. "Straight out of the Black Bourgeoisie: Lessons for the 21st Century." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/straight-out-of-the-black-bourgeoisie-lessons-for-the-21st-century/. ## Source Identity - Author: Butler, John Sibley - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776 Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_bynum-tara-phillis-wheatley-s-pleasures-2023_7a0d21c83a46 # Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures ## Citation Bynum, Tara. "Phillis Wheatley's Pleasures." Commonplace, 2023, https://commonplace.online/article/phillis-wheatleys-pleasures/. ## Source Identity - Author: Bynum, Tara - Year: 2023 - Publication: Commonplace - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Police Scorecard - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sinyangwe-samuel-ongoing_e15d937ad10f # Police Scorecard ## Citation Campaign Zero. "Police Scorecard." Police Scorecard, n.d., https://policescorecard.org/. ## Source Identity - Author: Campaign Zero - Year: n.d. - Publication: Police Scorecard - Genre: website ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sean-campbell-black-lives-matter-secretly-bo_841b80014996 # Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House ## Citation Campbell, Sean. "Black Lives Matter Secretly Bought a $6 Million House." New York Magazine, 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/black-lives-matter-6-million-dollar-house.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Campbell, Sean - Year: 2022 - Publication: New York Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717-1747 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_capitein-jacobus-elisa-johannes-the-agony-of_d1dd6593f999 # The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717-1747 ## Citation Capitein, Jacobus Elisa Johannes. The Agony of Asar: A Thesis on Slavery by the Former Slave, Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein, 1717-1747. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Capitein, Jacobus Elisa Johannes - Year: 2001 - Publication: Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carlton-dennis-w-and-glenn-c-loury-the-limit_9a3cd03d9e15 # The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities ## Citation Carlton, Dennis W., and Glenn C. Loury. "The Limitations of Pigouvian Taxes as a Long-Run Remedy for Externalities." The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95, no. 3, 1980, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1885093. ## Source Identity - Author: Carlton, Dennis W., and Glenn C. Loury - Year: 1980 - Publication: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 95, no. 3 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times’ 1619 Project - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carson-clayborne-an-interview-with-historian_473274b6b906 # An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times’ 1619 Project ## Citation Carson, Clayborne. "An interview with historian Clayborne Carson on the New York Times’ 1619 Project." World Socialist Web Site, 2020, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/01/15/clay-j15.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Carson, Clayborne - Year: 2020 - Publication: World Socialist Web Site - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Eyes on the Prize - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carson-clayborne-the-eyes-on-the-prize-1991_9234cb08e6f3 # The Eyes on the Prize ## Citation Carson, Clayborne. The Eyes on the Prize. Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Carson, Clayborne - Year: 1991 - Publication: Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Alain LeRoy Locke - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-jacoby-adeshei-alain-leroy-locke-2012_98f569ea1cbc # Alain LeRoy Locke ## Citation Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Alain LeRoy Locke." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/alain-locke/. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Jacoby Adeshei - Year: 2012 - Publication: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-jacoby-adeshei-between-reconstruction_fb347fdd63ce # Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race, ## Citation Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Between Reconstruction and Elimination: Alain Locke’s Philosophy of Race,." The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race, 2017. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Jacoby Adeshei - Year: 2017 - Publication: The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-jacoby-adeshei-does-race-have-a-futur_202eefc199ff # Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race ## Citation Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Does Race Have a Future? or Should the Future Have Races? Reconstruction or Eliminativism in a Pragmatist Philosophy of Race." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journalin American Philosophy, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Jacoby Adeshei - Year: 2014 - Publication: Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journalin American Philosophy - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Whether Constructionist or Skeptic - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_48831161-whether-constructionist-or-skeptic_8d064801686c # Whether Constructionist or Skeptic ## Citation Carter, Jacoby Adeshei. "Whether Constructionist or Skeptic." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/whether-constructionist-or-skeptic. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Jacoby Adeshei - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-civility-manners-morals-and_72b47d9230de # Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. Civility: Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy. New York: Harper Perennial, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 1999 - Publication: New York: Harper Perennial - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-god-s-name-in-vain-the-wron_3514cc0a893e # God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. God's Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics. New York: Basic Books, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 2001 - Publication: New York: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Integrity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-integrity-1997_bbb1dc4ff369 # Integrity ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. Integrity. New York: Harper Perennial, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 1997 - Publication: New York: Harper Perennial - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-reflections-of-an-affirmati_1d964d0608fd # Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby. Basic Books, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 1991 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-the-confirmation-mess-clean_cd5b83cc8a0f # The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process. New York: Basic Books, 1994. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 1994 - Publication: New York: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-the-culture-of-disbelief-ho_47a1ae04be3f # The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion. New York: Anchor, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 1991 - Publication: New York: Anchor - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_carter-stephen-l-the-war-on-campus-free-spee_940c126601e3 # The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating ## Citation Carter, Stephen L. "The War on Campus Free Speech Is Escalating." The New York Times, 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/magazine/college-free-speech.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Carter, Stephen L - Year: 2024 - Publication: The New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Jeff Charles author page - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jeff-charles-writer-political-commentator-je_8bbfe839f8bd # Jeff Charles author page ## Citation Charles, Jeff. "Jeff Charles author page." RedState, n.d., https://redstate.com/author/jeffc/. ## Source Identity - Author: Charles, Jeff - Year: n.d. - Publication: RedState - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today’s America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_chideya-farai-cultural-competency-and-why-it_a3c15daf5e39 # Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today’s America ## Citation Chideya, Farai. "Cultural Competency and Why It Is Important to Covering Today’s America." Nieman Foundation, 2020, https://nieman.harvard.edu/articles/cultural-competency-and-why-it-is-important-to-covering-todays-america/. ## Source Identity - Author: Chideya, Farai - Year: 2020 - Publication: Nieman Foundation - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_139634765-picture-book-recommendations-for_8efd8d55e441 # Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology ## Citation Children’s books. "Picture Book Recommendations for Diversity without Ideology." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/picture-book-recommendations-for. ## Source Identity - Author: Children’s books - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Darky - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-darky-2006_bc4e3c7f71aa # Darky ## Citation Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. Darky. The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah - Year: 2006 - Publication: The Last "Darky": Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Blackface](../topics/blackface.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-floating-in-a-most_53f274bcd3c7 # Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir ## Citation Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. Floating in a Most Peculiar Way: A Memoir. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah - Year: 2021 - Publication: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_chude-sokei-louis-onuorah-the-sound-of-cultu_f245bc889927 # The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics ## Citation Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah. The Sound of Culture: Diaspora and Black Technopoetics. Wesleyan University Press, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Chude-Sokei, Louis Onuorah - Year: 2016 - Publication: Wesleyan University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black intellectuals and white audiences - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_clair-matthew-black-intellectuals-and-white_ccd3d1e1e4f0 # Black intellectuals and white audiences ## Citation Clair, Matthew. "Black intellectuals and white audiences." Public Books, 2016, https://www.publicbooks.org/black-intellectuals-and-white-audiences/. ## Source Identity - Author: Clair, Matthew - Year: 2016 - Publication: Public Books - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_clemons-jared-k-nikole-hannah-jones-was-wron_bfe550637329 # Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America ## Citation Clemons, Jared K. "Nikole Hannah-Jones Was Wronged, But She Cannot Be the Face of Racial Injustice in America." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/3streams/nikole-hannah-jones-was-wronged-but-she-cannot-be-the-face-of-racial-injustice-in-america-6bfec0fde61f. ## Source Identity - Author: Clemons, Jared K - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coate-stephen-and-glenn-c-loury-will-affirma_77522f23fa30 # Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes? ## Citation Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury. "Will Affirmative-Action Policies Eliminate Negative Stereotypes?" The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 5, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117558. ## Source Identity - Author: Coate, Stephen, and Glenn C. Loury - Year: 1993 - Publication: The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 5 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coate-stephen-and-glenn-loury-antidiscrimina_8cea9e8c65d6 # Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization ## Citation Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury. "Antidiscrimination Enforcement and the Problem of Patronization." The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 2, 1993, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117646. ## Source Identity - Author: Coate, Stephen, and Glenn Loury - Year: 1993 - Publication: The American Economic Review, vol. 83, no. 2 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Victim to Black Victor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coleman-adam-b-black-victim-to-black-victor_4c20dc1ff3a4 # Black Victim to Black Victor ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. Black Victim to Black Victor. Wrong Speak Publishing, 2021, https://wrongspeak.net/black-victim-to-black-victor/. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B - Year: 2021 - Publication: Wrong Speak Publishing - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coleman-adam-corporations-dont-care-if-blm-i_ddd76f580a2b # Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. "Corporations don’t care if BLM is wasting their money — they were just buying PR." NYPost, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/05/17/corporations-dont-care-if-blm-is-wasting-money-they-were-buying-pr/. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B. - Year: 2022 - Publication: NYPost - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coleman-adam-b-john-fettermans-reasons-for-o_e8dcd50b8b16 # John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. "John Fetterman’s reasons for opposing voter ID are an insult to black Americans." NY Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/08/31/john-fettermans-reasons-for-opposing-voter-id-insult-black-americans/. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B - Year: 2022 - Publication: NY Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Like Father, Not Like Son - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_160732934-like-father-not-like-son_30d7796a05d6 # Like Father, Not Like Son ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. "Like Father, Not Like Son." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/like-father-not-like-son. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The downside of the Civil Rights Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coleman-adam-b-the-downside-of-the-civil-rig_86e42888b619 # The downside of the Civil Rights Movement ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. "The downside of the Civil Rights Movement." ScoonTV, 2021, https://www.scoontv.com/the-downside-of-the-civil-rights-movement/. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B - Year: 2021 - Publication: ScoonTV - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_coleman-adam-b-tony-dungy-is-right-troubled_e5113848fb5b # Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers ## Citation Coleman, Adam B. "Tony Dungy Is Right: Troubled Kids Don’t Just Need Better Schools — They Need Fathers." The Federalist, 2022, https://thefederalist.com/2022/04/15/tony-dungy-is-right-troubled-kids-dont-just-need-better-schools-they-need-fathers/. ## Source Identity - Author: Coleman, Adam B - Year: 2022 - Publication: The Federalist - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Combahee River Collective Statement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_combahee-river-collective-the-combahee-river_09f9310c0f39 # The Combahee River Collective Statement ## Citation Combahee River Collective. "The Combahee River Collective Statement." Combahee River Collective, 1977, https://combaheerivercollective.weebly.com/the-combahee-river-collective-statement.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Combahee River Collective - Year: 1977 - Publication: Combahee River Collective - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-fo_baff73e25f7c # Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities ## Citation Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities. "Report of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities/foreword-introduction-and-full-recommendations. ## Source Identity - Author: Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities - Year: 2021 - Publication: GOV.UK - Genre: report ## Related Topics - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_common-sense-with-dr-ben-carson-debunking-my_eaf711a5699f # Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Common Sense with Dr. Ben Carson. "Debunking Myths: A Conversation About Race in America with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkvoZaH2b0M. ## Source Identity - Author: Common Sense with Dr. Ben Carson - Year: 2024 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_connerly-ward-creating-equal-my-fight-agains_70ad58372a2b # Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences ## Citation Connerly, Ward. Creating Equal: My Fight Against Race Preferences. Encounter Books, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Connerly, Ward - Year: 2000 - Publication: Encounter Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_connerly-ward-lessons-from-my-uncle-james-be_ab33480d9dde # Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character ## Citation Connerly, Ward. Lessons from My Uncle James: Beyond Skin Color to the Content of Our Character. Encounter Books, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Connerly, Ward - Year: 2008 - Publication: Encounter Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_120164866-blacks-should-never-give-up-their_ad467fcb4ddc # Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns ## Citation Connie Morgan. "Blacks Should Never Give Up their Guns." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/blacks-should-never-give-up-their. ## Source Identity - Author: Connie Morgan - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Prepare for More Black Mathletes - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_72116240-prepare-for-more-black-mathletes_6d4258e31f5d # Prepare for More Black Mathletes ## Citation Connie Morgan. "Prepare for More Black Mathletes." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/prepare-for-more-black-mathletes. ## Source Identity - Author: Connie Morgan - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Conservative Summit - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_107011959-the-black-conservative-summit_ac120c4f17a0 # The Black Conservative Summit ## Citation Connie Morgan. "The Black Conservative Summit." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-conservative-summit. ## Source Identity - Author: Connie Morgan - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_98199641-the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no_b6ab1b876c31 # The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People ## Citation Connie Morgan. "The Brittney Griner Trade Was No Win for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-brittney-griner-trade-was-no. ## Source Identity - Author: Connie Morgan - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_68680389-the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educat_556d4f67b304 # The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators ## Citation Connie Morgan. "The Quiet Rise of Black Home Educators." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-quiet-rise-of-black-home-educators. ## Source Identity - Author: Connie Morgan - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_148987776-why-my-students-recite-the-preambl_4158562be65c # Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution ## Citation Constitution Day 2024. "Why My Students Recite the Preamble to the Constitution." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-my-students-recite-the-preamble. ## Source Identity - Author: Constitution Day 2024 - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cooper-anna-julia-a-voice-from-the-south-by_7045cd81be10 # A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South ## Citation Cooper, Anna Julia. "A Voice from the South. By a Black Woman of the South." Xenia, OH: The Aldine Printing House, 1892, https://docsouth.unc.edu/church/cooper/cooper.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Cooper, Anna Julia - Year: 1892 - Publication: Xenia, OH: The Aldine Printing House - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Hunger Inside - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cooper-bertrand-the-hunger-inside-2022_6aedef696222 # The Hunger Inside ## Citation Cooper, Bertrand. "The Hunger Inside." The New York Times, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/opinion/poverty-hunger-bingeing.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Cooper, Bertrand - Year: 2022 - Publication: The New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) - [Wealth gap: see also Class](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Truth About Affirmative Action - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cooper-bertrand-the-truth-about-affirmative_2346869369e1 # The Truth About Affirmative Action ## Citation Cooper, Bertrand. "The Truth About Affirmative Action." The Atlantic, 2023, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/06/failure-affirmative-action/674439/. ## Source Identity - Author: Cooper, Bertrand - Year: 2023 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cooper-bertrand-who-actually-gets-to-create_49716fcd1334 # Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture? ## Citation Cooper, Bertrand. "Who Actually Gets to Create Black Pop Culture?" Current Affairs, 2021, https://www.currentaffairs.org/2021/07/who-actually-gets-to-create-black-pop-culture. ## Source Identity - Author: Cooper, Bertrand - Year: 2021 - Publication: Current Affairs - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_creswell-michael-h-closing-the-racial-academ_ca9546cfb9a7 # Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It? ## Citation Creswell, Michael H. "Closing the Racial Academic Achievement Gap: Whose Responsibility Is It?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/closing-the-racial-academic-achievement. ## Source Identity - Author: Creswell, Michael H - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_creswell-michael-h-how-history-departments-c_4f6b8f6ea2d4 # How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap, ## Citation Creswell, Michael H. How History Departments Can Help Narrow the Achievement Gap,. The American Historian, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Creswell, Michael H - Year: 2021 - Publication: The American Historian - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Price of the Game - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_101460456-the-price-of-the-game_64d5ab56fd48 # The Price of the Game ## Citation Creswell, Michael H. "The Price of the Game." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-price-of-the-game. ## Source Identity - Author: Creswell, Michael H - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_creswell-michael-h-was-clausewitz-a-realist_d56817bde8fd # Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind? ## Citation Creswell, Michael H. "Was Clausewitz a Realist? If So, What Kind?" E-International Relations, 2019, https://www.e-ir.info/2019/04/17/was-clausewitz-a-realist-if-so-what-kind/. ## Source Identity - Author: Creswell, Michael H - Year: 2019 - Publication: E-International Relations - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-always-in-pursuit-fresh-ameri_dde9cd73a3e4 # Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. Always in Pursuit: Fresh American Perspectives. Pantheon, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 1998 - Publication: Pantheon - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-considering-genius-writings-o_bcd0ed0daa23 # Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. Considering Genius: Writings on Jazz. Civitas, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 2006 - Publication: Civitas - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-kansas-city-lightning-the-ris_4692926de814 # Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. Kansas City Lightning: The Rise and Times of Charlie Parker. Harper, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 2013 - Publication: Harper - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979-1989 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-notes-of-a-hanging-judge-essa_8c4d95c85cc0 # Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979-1989 ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979-1989. Oxford University Press, 1990. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 1990 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-the-all-american-skin-game-or_a68075317229 # The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. The All-American Skin Game, or Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It. 1990-1994. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 1995 - Publication: 1990-1994 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crouch-stanley-the-artificial-white-man-essa_b5bb388b8f7c # The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity ## Citation Crouch, Stanley. The Artificial White Man: Essays on Authenticity. Civitas, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Crouch, Stanley - Year: 2004 - Publication: Civitas - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_crummell-alexander-africa-and-america-addres_f55b47f98ddd # Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses ## Citation Crummell, Alexander. Africa and America: Addresses and Discourses. Springfield, Massachusetts: Wiley and Co, 1891. ## Source Identity - Author: Crummell, Alexander - Year: 1891 - Publication: Springfield, Massachusetts: Wiley and Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cruse-harold-the-crisis-of-the-negro-intelle_3fe9f77b76ec # The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual ## Citation Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. William Morrow, 1967, https://archive.org/details/crisisofnegroint0000unse. ## Source Identity - Author: Cruse, Harold - Year: 1967 - Publication: William Morrow - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_cunningham-vinson-the-argument-of-afropessim_dfba457a4348 # The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’ ## Citation Cunningham, Vinson. "The Argument of ‘Afropessimism’." New Yorker, 2020, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-argument-of-afropessimism. ## Source Identity - Author: Cunningham, Vinson - Year: 2020 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_curry-tommy-j-will-the-real-crt-please-stand_5573cff77abb # Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT ## Citation Curry, Tommy J. "Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up? The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT." Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal, 2009, https://www.academia.edu/2635853/Will the Real CRT Please Stand Up The Dangers of Philosophical Contributions to CRT. ## Source Identity - Author: Curry, Tommy J - Year: 2009 - Publication: Crit: A Critical Legal Studies Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### For \"Equity,\" Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_69930237-for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standar_91cd9f80a2c2 # For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test ## Citation Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "For "Equity," Oregon Ditched a Standardized Test." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/for-equity-oregon-ditched-a-standardized. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Pronouns and Privacy - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_202677463-pronouns-and-privacy_ef7f5a51e560 # Pronouns and Privacy ## Citation Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "Pronouns and Privacy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pronouns-and-privacy. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_199690422-the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not_5c9daf8bd755 # The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy ## Citation Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey. "The Cause of a Disparity Does Not Design its Remedy." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cause-of-a-disparity-does-not. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert and Jake Mackey - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_183732325-critical-race-theory-comes-to-city_ecbbc062dc33 # Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall ## Citation Dave Gilbert. "Critical Race Theory Comes to City Hall." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/critical-race-theory-comes-to-city. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_182372397-inequality-has-become-its-own-expl_7acee8d3c1b9 # Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation ## Citation Dave Gilbert. "Inequality Has Become Its Own Explanation." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/inequality-has-become-its-own-explanation. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_184621966-race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definit_2ee93f24914c # Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition ## Citation Dave Gilbert. "Race, Sex, and the Limits of Definition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/race-sex-and-the-limits-of-definition. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Tennessee's \"Flag Bill\" Should Be Unnecessary - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_142198349-tennessees-flag-bill-should-be-unn_7550f6fe2d13 # Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary ## Citation Dave Gilbert. "Tennessee's "Flag Bill" Should Be Unnecessary." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/tennessees-flag-bill-should-be-unnecessary. ## Source Identity - Author: Dave Gilbert - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_40449458-new-paradigms-in-black-jewish-relat_87f91a2c4d6b # New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations ## Citation David Bernstein, David Ben Moshe, Brandy Shufutinsky, and Erec Smith. "New Paradigms in Black-Jewish Relations." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/new-paradigms-in-black-jewish-relations. ## Source Identity - Author: David Bernstein, David Ben Moshe, Brandy Shufutinsky, and Erec Smith - Year: 2021 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_demby-gene-does-having-more-black-officers-r_87c53033696a # Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence? ## Citation Demby, Gene. "Does Having More Black Officers Reduce Police Violence?" Code Switch, 2017, https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/02/04/513218656/does-having-more-black-officers-reduce-police-violence. ## Source Identity - Author: Demby, Gene - Year: 2017 - Publication: Code Switch - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_denvir-daniel-the-political-philosophy-of-ma_570ac517ae58 # The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. ## Citation Denvir, Daniel. "The Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr." Jacobin, 2018, https://jacobin.com/2018/04/martin-luther-king-rhetoric-political-philosophy. ## Source Identity - Author: Denvir, Daniel - Year: 2018 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_desmond-harris-jenee-finally-a-way-to-resear_9d24505baa5a # Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is ## Citation Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "Finally, a way to research race that reflects how complicated it is." Vox, 2014, https://www.vox.com/2014/12/15/7382941/race-research-social-science. ## Source Identity - Author: Desmond-Harris, Jenée - Year: 2014 - Publication: Vox - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Harriet Jacobs - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_diamond-lydia-r-harriet-jacobs-2011_f6b37c6010c3 # Harriet Jacobs ## Citation Diamond, Lydia, R. Harriet Jacobs. 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Diamond, Lydia, R - Year: 2011 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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"Fourth of July Oration,." or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”, 1852, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/what-to-the-slave-is-the-fourth-of-july/. ## Source Identity - Author: Douglass, Frederick - Year: 1852 - Publication: or “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Life and Times of Frederick Douglass - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_douglass-frederick-life-and-times-of-frederi_f5a9c54b5a24 # Life and Times of Frederick Douglass ## Citation Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. 1881. ## Source Identity - Author: Douglass, Frederick - Year: 1881 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My Bondage and My Freedom - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_douglass-frederick-my-bondage-and-my-freedom_0d8895dde480 # My Bondage and My Freedom ## Citation Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. 1855. ## Source Identity - Author: Douglass, Frederick - Year: 1855 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_douglass-frederick-narrative-of-the-life-of_4fd7c36565dc # Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave ## Citation Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845. ## Source Identity - Author: Douglass, Frederick - Year: 1845 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### \"No Distinction on Account of Race and Color\" - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_164284875-no-distinction-on-account-of-race_0f3104d95e10 # "No Distinction on Account of Race and Color" ## Citation Douglass, Frederick. ""No Distinction on Account of Race and Color"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/no-distinction-on-account-of-race. ## Source Identity - Author: Douglass, Frederick - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Reconstruction in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-black-reconstruction-in-americ_f6fb6c8d0d7e # Black Reconstruction in America ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1935 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dusk of Dawn - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-dusk-of-dawn-1940_ae410d018079 # Dusk of Dawn ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. Dusk of Dawn. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1940 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### In Battle for Peace - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-in-battle-for-peace-1952_9a195fbe4017 # In Battle for Peace ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. In Battle for Peace. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1952 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### John Brown - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-john-brown-1909_1046dbb6423c # John Brown ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. John Brown. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1909 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Gift of Black Folk - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-the-gift-of-black-folk-1924_b459366e3cd9 # The Gift of Black Folk ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. The Gift of Black Folk. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1924 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Philadelphia Negro - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-the-philadelphia-negro-1899_82d35005897c # The Philadelphia Negro ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. The Philadelphia Negro. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1899 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Souls of Black Folk - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-the-souls-of-black-folk-1903_64cc7926a3bd # The Souls of Black Folk ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1903 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-the-suppression-of-the-african_1a5470a3bce2 # The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870 ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America: 1638–1870. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 1896 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The World and Africa - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_du-bois-w-e-b-the-world-and-africa-2007_15d304a2751b # The World and Africa ## Citation Du Bois, W. E. B. The World and Africa. Oxford University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Du Bois, W. E. B - Year: 2007 - Publication: Oxford University Press, 2007 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_dupree-cydney-h-self-presentation-in-interra_cb25a182c3c5 # Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals, ## Citation Dupree, Cydney H. "Self-presentation in interracial settings: The competence downshift by White liberals,." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, 2019, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60f440ee21958c59e08b1fcb/t/60f4739e1ad9bf1c32bf956e/1626633162022/Dupree-Fiske-2019.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Dupree, Cydney H - Year: 2019 - Publication: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Lives Matter - Are the Stats Accurate? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_e2-review-podcast-black-lives-matter-are-the_0fa4426dc25f # Black Lives Matter - Are the Stats Accurate? ## Citation E2 Review Podcast. "Black Lives Matter - Are the Stats Accurate?" YouTube, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bt88SbZWmY. ## Source Identity - Author: E2 Review Podcast - Year: 2020 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_early-gerald-rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowin_1fb1f1a59400 # Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered ## Citation Early, Gerald. "Rhythm-a-ning: The Art of Knowing a Policeman Well: A tale of a blue life that mattered." The Common Reader, 2020, https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/rhythm-a-ning-the-art-of-knowing-a-policeman-well/. ## Source Identity - Author: Early, Gerald - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Common Reader - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The new colour line - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ejiofor-promise-frank-the-new-colour-line-20_01366f89c425 # The new colour line ## Citation Ejiofor, Promise Frank. "The new colour line." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/09/08/the-new-colour-line/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ejiofor, Promise Frank - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Racism of the Woke Left - Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ekpunobi-amala-the-racism-of-the-woke-left-u_c5bbb634e6a8 # The Racism of the Woke Left - Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Ekpunobi, Amala. "The Racism of the Woke Left - Unapologetic LIVE w/ Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3soGt PhnOo. ## Source Identity - Author: Ekpunobi, Amala - Year: 2022 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_uncle-tom-an-oral-history-of-the-american-bl_f50b1472f7c7 # Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative ## Citation Elder, Larry, executive producer. "Uncle Tom: An Oral History of the American Black Conservative." Uncle Tom, 2020, https://uncletom.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: Elder, Larry, executive producer - Year: 2020 - Publication: Uncle Tom - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellis-joseph-j-american-creation-triumphs-an_48eca889e111 # American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic ## Citation Ellis, Joseph J. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic. Alfred A. Knopf, 2007, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46095/american-creation-by-joseph-j-ellis/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellis, Joseph J - Year: 2007 - Publication: Alfred A. Knopf - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Black Aesthetic - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellis-trey-the-new-black-aesthetic-1989_cfef4684e821 # The New Black Aesthetic ## Citation Ellis, Trey. "The New Black Aesthetic." Callaloo, 1989, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2931157. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellis, Trey - Year: 1989 - Publication: Callaloo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Flying Home and Other Stories - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-flying-home-and-other-st_b01bcf6e1c89 # Flying Home and Other Stories ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Flying Home and Other Stories. Random House, 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 1996 - Publication: Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Going to the Territory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-going-to-the-territory-1_949098b10db9 # Going to the Territory ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Going to the Territory. Random House, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 1986 - Publication: Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Invisible Man - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-invisible-man-1953_2b59292e1f2e # Invisible Man ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Invisible Man. Random House, 1953. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 1953 - Publication: Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Juneteenth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-juneteenth-1999_1bed9c889029 # Juneteenth ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Juneteenth. Random House, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 1999 - Publication: Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-living-with-music-ralph_d404bc32b035 # Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Living with Music: Ralph Ellison's Jazz Writings. Modern Library, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 2002 - Publication: Modern Library - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Shadow and Act - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ellison-ralph-waldo-shadow-and-act-1964_8d490391a3fd # Shadow and Act ## Citation Ellison, Ralph Waldo. Shadow and Act. Random House, 1964. ## Source Identity - Author: Ellison, Ralph Waldo - Year: 1964 - Publication: Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_england-jason-a-the-pernicious-fantasy-of-th_ba26c5e5a5f0 # The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga ## Citation England, Jason A. "The Pernicious Fantasy of the Nikole Hannah-Jones Saga." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-pernicious-fantasy-of-the-nikole-hannah-jones-saga. ## Source Identity - Author: England, Jason A - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_english-micah-racial-equality-frames-and-pub_719da2ce6fe4 # Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence ## Citation English, Micah. "Racial Equality Frames and Public Policy Support: Survey Experimental Evidence." OSF Preprints, 2021, https://osf.io/tdkf3/. ## Source Identity - Author: English, Micah - Year: 2021 - Publication: OSF Preprints - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_equiano-olaudah-a-k-a-vassa-gustavus-writer_8ee13dc624a5 # The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African ## Citation Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Modern Library, 1789. ## Source Identity - Author: Equiano, Olaudah - Year: 1789 - Publication: Modern Library - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Authenticity: Erased & Replaced - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_41642666-authenticity-erased-and-replaced_d9c0fada6909 # Authenticity: Erased & Replaced ## Citation Erec Smith, Angel Eduardo, and Zander Keig. "Authenticity: Erased & Replaced." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/authenticity-erased-and-replaced. ## Source Identity - Author: Erec Smith, Angel Eduardo, and Zander Keig - Year: 2021 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_evans-robert-why-harvard-s-canceling-of-rola_e65a04b6eb16 # Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters ## Citation Evans, Robert. "Why Harvard's Canceling of Roland Fryer Matters." FAIR News, 2022, https://news.fairforall.org/p/roland-fryer-harvard. ## Source Identity - Author: Evans, Robert - Year: 2022 - Publication: FAIR News - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_eversley-shelly-the-real-negro-the-question_8258a1f66ee7 # The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature ## Citation Eversley, Shelly. The Real Negro: The Question of Authenticity in Twentieth-Century African American Literature. Routledge, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Eversley, Shelly - Year: 2004 - Publication: Routledge - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change official website - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ex-cons-for-community-and-social-change-tyro_53a560171e2f # Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change official website ## Citation Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change. "Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change official website." Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change, n.d., https://www.eccsc.org/. ## Source Identity - Author: Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change - Year: n.d. - Publication: Ex-Cons for Community and Social Change - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fang-hanming-and-glenn-c-loury-dysfunctional_4c90c33f9750 # 'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational ## Citation Fang, Hanming, and Glenn C. Loury. "'Dysfunctional Identities' Can Be Rational." The American Economic Review, vol. 95, no. 2, 2005, https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132799. ## Source Identity - Author: Fang, Hanming, and Glenn C. Loury - Year: 2005 - Publication: The American Economic Review, vol. 95, no. 2 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fanusie-yaya-j-as-african-american-patriotis_703e83f6e25f # As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America ## Citation Fanusie, Yaya J. "As African American Patriotism Declines, So Will America." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/as-african-american-patriotism-declines-so-will-america/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fanusie, Yaya J - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776Unites.org - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black is the new idol - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fanusie-yaya-j-black-is-the-new-idol-2020_606b702822ae # Black is the new idol ## Citation Fanusie, Yaya J. "Black is the new idol." 1776Unites.org, 2020, https://1776unites.com/essays/black-is-the-new-idol/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fanusie, Yaya J - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776Unites.org - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fanusie-yaya-j-frances-muslims-could-learn-f_17abcc037b12 # France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African ## Citation Fanusie, Yaya J. "France’s Muslims Could Learn from the African." Foreign Policy, 2020, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/09/frances-muslims-could-learn-from-the-african-american-muslim-experience/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fanusie, Yaya J - Year: 2020 - Publication: Foreign Policy - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_138898504-hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fight_e92b45af6ecb # Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters ## Citation Fanusie, Yaya J. "Hamas Are Not Muslim Freedom Fighters." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/hamas-are-not-muslim-freedom-fighters. ## Source Identity - Author: Fanusie, Yaya J - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race Relations - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-barbara-j-race-relations-2018_0eb425c9f1a1 # Race Relations ## Citation Fields, Barbara J. "Race Relations." Jacobin., 2018, https://jacobin.com/2018/01/racecraft-racism-barbara-karen-fields. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Barbara J - Year: 2018 - Publication: Jacobin. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-barbara-j-slavery-and-freedom-on-the_5b329c2844ef # Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century ## Citation Fields, Barbara J. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century. Yale University Press, 1985. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Barbara J - Year: 1985 - Publication: Yale University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-barbara-j-slavery-race-and-ideology-i_a23d9f618b6f # Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America, ## Citation Fields, Barbara J. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America,." New Left Review, 1990, https://newleftreview.org/issues/i181/articles/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Barbara J - Year: 1990 - Publication: New Left Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Death of Hannah Fizer - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-barbara-j-the-death-of-hannah-fizer-2_ac5231369eb9 # The Death of Hannah Fizer ## Citation Fields, Barbara J. "The Death of Hannah Fizer." Dissent Magazine, 2020, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online articles/the-death-of-hannah-fizer. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Barbara J - Year: 2020 - Publication: Dissent Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Whiteness, Racism and Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-barbara-j-whiteness-racism-and-identi_95548a0496a4 # Whiteness, Racism and Identity ## Citation Fields, Barbara J. "Whiteness, Racism and Identity." International Labor & Working-Class History, 2001, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672735. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Barbara J - Year: 2001 - Publication: International Labor & Working-Class History - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-corey-d-white-nationalists-and-white_e964e53315f1 # Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey ## Citation Fields, Corey D. "Review of White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race, by Matthew W. Hughey." American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844, 2013, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/672359. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Corey D. - Year: 2013 - Publication: American Journal of Sociology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 842-844 - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-karen-e-and-fields-barbara-j-how-race_a783939cf0bd # How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields ## Citation Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. "How Race Is Conjured: An Interview with Barbara J. Fields and Karen E. Fields." Jacobin., 2015, https://jacobinmag.com/2015/06/karen-barbara-fields-racecraft-dolezal-racism. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields - Year: 2015 - Publication: Jacobin. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-karen-e-and-fields-barbara-j-racecraf_7acee592a9e2 # Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life ## Citation Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields. Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life. London: Verso, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Karen E., and Barbara J. Fields - Year: 2012 - Publication: London: Verso - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-karen-e-race-matters-in-the-american_cd7b608c7361 # Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography ## Citation Fields, Karen E. Race Matters in the American Academy: An Ethnography. n.d. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Karen E. - Year: n.d. - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fields-karen-e-revival-and-rebellion-in-colo_6a88a70b04f5 # Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa ## Citation Fields, Karen E. Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa. Princeton University Press, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: Fields, Karen E - Year: 1986 - Publication: Princeton University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_finkton-darryl-jr-the-impoverishing-myth-of_dae0f5c28e12 # The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege ## Citation Finkton, Darryl, Jr. "The Impoverishing Myth of White Privilege." Medium, 2022, https://endpovertymaketrillions.medium.com/the-impoverishing-myth-of-white-privilege-b1bb40228314. ## Source Identity - Author: Finkton, Darryl, Jr - Year: 2022 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_foner-eric-was-abraham-lincoln-a-racist-2000_3962bdf89734 # Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist? ## Citation Foner, Eric. "Was Abraham Lincoln a Racist?" Los Angeles Times, 2000, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-09-bk-17473-story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Foner, Eric - Year: 2000 - Publication: Los Angeles Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-fortune-matt_140766962b8a # Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno ## Citation Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Fortune, matter and providence: A study of Ancius Severinus Boethius and Giordano Bruno. 1939. ## Source Identity - Author: Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio - Year: 1939 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-reflections_f1030ecc44b0 # Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals ## Citation Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Reflections on Segregation, Desegregation, Power and Morals. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd, 1967. ## Source Identity - Author: Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio - Year: 1967 - Publication: Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-social-deter_6115b6fe0812 # Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars, ## Citation Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. Social Determination in the Writings of American Negro Scholars,. American Journal of Sociology, 1944. ## Source Identity - Author: Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio - Year: 1944 - Publication: American Journal of Sociology - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fontaine-william-thomas-valerio-the-mind-and_cd012a91f868 # The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940, ## Citation Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio. The Mind and Thought of the Negro of the United States as Revealed in Imaginative Literature, 1876-1940,. Southern University Bulletin, 1942. ## Source Identity - Author: Fontaine, William Thomas Valerio - Year: 1942 - Publication: Southern University Bulletin - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fordham-signithia-black-students-school-succ_5d350298805b # Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’ ## Citation Fordham, Signithia. Black Students’ School Success: Coping with the Burden of ‘Acting White’. The Urban Review, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: Fordham, Signithia - Year: 1986 - Publication: The Urban Review - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [“Acting white”](../topics/acting-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_forman-james-jr-do-charter-schools-threaten_5a66bb504b90 # Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling, ## Citation Forman, James Jr. "Do Charter Schools Threaten Public Education? Emerging Evidence from Fifteen Years of a Quasi-Market for Schooling,." University of Illinois Law Review, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Forman, James Jr - Year: 2007 - Publication: University of Illinois Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_forman-james-jr-locking-up-our-own-crime-and_0c8329ac0c31 # Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America ## Citation Forman, James Jr. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. ## Source Identity - Author: Forman, James Jr - Year: 2017 - Publication: Farrar, Straus and Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_forman-james-jr-out-jail-and-into-jobs-maya_aeb161e5e201 # Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble, ## Citation Forman, James Jr. "Out jail and into jobs; Maya Angelou Public Charter School offers hope and an education to kids in trouble,." Education Next, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Forman, James Jr - Year: 2008 - Publication: Education Next - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_forman-james-jr-racial-critiques-of-mass-inc_43bf51426cb2 # Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow, ## Citation Forman, James Jr. Racial Critiques of Mass Incarceration: Beyond the New Jim Crow,. New York University Law Review, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Forman, James Jr - Year: 2012 - Publication: New York University Law Review - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fortner-michael-javen-black-silent-majority_deb7f6b3d652 # Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment ## Citation Fortner, Michael Javen. Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment. Harvard University Press, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Fortner, Michael Javen - Year: 2015 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fortner-michael-javen-hearing-what-black-voi_7a7456675d41 # Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police ## Citation Fortner, Michael Javen. "Hearing What Black Voices Really Say About Police." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/hearing-what-black-voices-really-say-about-police. ## Source Identity - Author: Fortner, Michael Javen - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The real roots of the ‘70s drug laws - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fortner-michael-javen-the-real-roots-of-the_8d353e01a5f4 # The real roots of the ‘70s drug laws ## Citation Fortner, Michael Javen. "The real roots of the ‘70s drug laws." New York Times, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/opinion/the-real-roots-of-70s-drug-laws.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Fortner, Michael Javen - Year: 2015 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Urban Citizenship and American Democracy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fortner-michael-javen-urban-citizenship-and_23fc576e8c40 # Urban Citizenship and American Democracy ## Citation Fortner, Michael Javen. Urban Citizenship and American Democracy. SUNY Press, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Fortner, Michael Javen - Year: 2016 - Publication: SUNY Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_foster-karith-you-can-be-perfect-or-you-can_df3441eb3808 # You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy ## Citation Foster, Karith. You Can Be Perfect or You Can Be Happy. 2020, https://www.karith.com/perfect-or-happy.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Foster, Karith - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Bourgeoisie - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-black-bourgeoisie-19_c3baf9b09c91 # Black Bourgeoisie ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. Bourgeoisie noire, 1957. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1957 - Publication: Bourgeoisie noire - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-race-and-culture-con_cb07ebd4a24b # Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World. New York: Knopf, 1957. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1957 - Publication: New York: Knopf - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-the-free-negro-famil_a773baa65957 # The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War. Nashville: Fisk University Press, 1932. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1932 - Publication: Nashville: Fisk University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro Church in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-church-in_8a475b461301 # The Negro Church in America ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro Church in America. New York: Schocken Books, 1963. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1963 - Publication: New York: Schocken Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro Family in the United States - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-family-in_b5f52e0635b7 # The Negro Family in the United States ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro Family in the United States. University of Chicago Press, 1939. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1939 - Publication: University of Chicago Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro in the United States - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frazier-edward-franklin-the-negro-in-the-uni_5d7479e5b3ea # The Negro in the United States ## Citation Frazier, Edward Franklin. The Negro in the United States. New York: Macmillan, 1949. ## Source Identity - Author: Frazier, Edward Franklin - Year: 1949 - Publication: New York: Macmillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ep. 45 - 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_free-black-thought-podcast-ep-45-i-don-t-tel_599c4be8b196 # Ep. 45 - 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly) ## Citation Free Black Thought Podcast. "Ep. 45 - 'I Don't Tell Lies' (Wilfred Reilly)." Free Black Thought Podcast, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/ep-45-i-dont-tell-lies-wilfred-reilly. ## Source Identity - Author: Free Black Thought Podcast - Year: 2024 - Publication: Free Black Thought Podcast - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_freeman-lance-a-haven-and-a-hell-the-ghetto_c792138902e7 # A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America ## Citation Freeman, Lance. A Haven and a Hell: The Ghetto in Black America. Columbia University Press, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Freeman, Lance - Year: 2019 - Publication: Columbia University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Five myths about gentrification, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_freeman-lance-five-myths-about-gentrificatio_4ac885740daa # Five myths about gentrification, ## Citation Freeman, Lance. "Five myths about gentrification,." Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-gentrification/2016/06/03/b6c80e56-1ba5-11e6-8c7b-6931e66333e7 story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Freeman, Lance - Year: 2016 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Gentrification](../topics/gentrification.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_freeman-lance-there-goes-the-hood-views-of-g_ccb28b1d0ad5 # There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up ## Citation Freeman, Lance. There Goes the Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up. Temple University Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Freeman, Lance - Year: 2011 - Publication: Temple University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frisby-craig-l-cultural-competence-in-applie_7d1c4e869b47 # Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions ## Citation Frisby, Craig L. Cultural Competence in Applied Psychology: An Evaluation of Current Status and Future Directions. Springer, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Frisby, Craig L - Year: 2018 - Publication: Springer - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frisby-craig-l-meeting-the-psychoeducational_92b12ef9a620 # Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel ## Citation Frisby, Craig L. Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Frisby, Craig L - Year: 2013 - Publication: John Wiley & Sons, Inc - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope_7b32f5c683fc # Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I) ## Citation Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part I)." Minding the Campus, 2020, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2020/12/30/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-i/. ## Source Identity - Author: Frisby, Craig - Year: 2020 - Publication: Minding the Campus - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope_1e3c44fbc184 # Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II) ## Citation Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part II)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/13/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-ii/. ## Source Identity - Author: Frisby, Craig - Year: 2021 - Publication: Minding the Campus - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_frisby-craig-prejudice-under-the-microscope_d0ef7dff08b6 # Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III) ## Citation Frisby, Craig. "Prejudice Under the Microscope: The Implicit Association Test (Part III)." Minding the Campus, 2021, https://www.mindingthecampus.org/2021/01/21/prejudice-under-the-microscope-the-implicit-association-test-part-iii/. ## Source Identity - Author: Frisby, Craig - Year: 2021 - Publication: Minding the Campus - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-21st-century-inequality-the_7b2a60c8546e # 21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "21st Century Inequality: The Declining Significance of Discrimination." Issues in Science and Technology, 2014, https://issues.org/21st-century-inequality-the-declining-significance-of-discrimination/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2014 - Publication: Issues in Science and Technology - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities - [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-acting-white-the-social-pric_611894c56dbc # 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. 'Acting white': the social price paid by the best and brightest minority students,. Education Next, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2006 - Publication: Education Next - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [“Acting white”](../topics/acting-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affirmative Action and Its Mythology, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-affirmative-action-and-its-m_46ad9f7e68ac # Affirmative Action and Its Mythology, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology,." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005, https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/089533005774357888. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2005 - Publication: Journal of Economic Perspectives - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affirmative action in college admissions doesn’t work — but it could - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-affirmative-action-in-colleg_a808c7f8080b # Affirmative action in college admissions doesn’t work — but it could ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Affirmative action in college admissions doesn’t work — but it could." Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/10/30/affirmative-action-supreme-court-college-admissions/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2022 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-act_2fc14f53c511 # An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of ‘Acting White’,." NBER, 2005, https://www.nber.org/papers/w11334. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2005 - Publication: NBER - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Acting white”](../topics/acting-white.md) ## Related Entities - [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White', - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-act_635a066d6a3e # An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White', ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "An Empirical Analysis of 'Acting White',." Journal of Public Economics, 2010, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/fryer/files/an empirical analysis of acting white.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2010 - Publication: Journal of Public Economics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Acting white”](../topics/acting-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-an-empirical-analysis-of-rac_a73d0c983413 # An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force,. Journal of Political Economy, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: Journal of Political Economy - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional PublicSchools: Evidence From Field Experiments - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-injecting-charter-school-bes_0eb0bb60d90f # Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional PublicSchools: Evidence From Field Experiments ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional PublicSchools: Evidence From Field Experiments." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/injecting-charter-school-best-practices-traditional-public%C2%A0schools%C2%A0evidence-field. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2014 - Publication: Quarterly Journal of Economics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-its-time-for-data-first-dive_5e780c796a4f # It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "It’s time for data-first diversity, equity, and inclusion." Fortune, 2022, https://fortune.com/2022/06/20/data-first-diversity-equity-inclusion-careers-black-workers-gender-race-bias-dei-roland-fryer/. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2022 - Publication: Fortune - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-learning-from-the-successes_9ae2fecc10d9 # Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools,." The Hamilton Project, 2012, https://scholar.harvard.edu/fryer/publications/learning-successes-and-failures-charter-schools. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2012 - Publication: The Hamilton Project - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities - [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Policing the Police: The Impact of ‘Pattern-or-Practice’ Investigations on Crime - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-policing-the-police-the-impa_9b18b9c2b571 # Policing the Police: The Impact of ‘Pattern-or-Practice’ Investigations on Crime ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Policing the Police: The Impact of ‘Pattern-or-Practice’ Investigations on Crime." NBER Working Paper No, 2020, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27324. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: NBER Working Paper No - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities - [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-racial-inequality-in-the-21s_243d70866a28 # Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "Racial inequality in the 21st century: the declining significance of discrimination." Handbook of Labor Economics, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(11. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2011 - Publication: Handbook of Labor Economics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities - [Roland Fryer Jr](../entities/roland-fryer-jr.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-reconciling-results-on-racia_bc17e6672202 # Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings, ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. Reconciling Results on Racial Differences in Police Shootings,. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2018 - Publication: AEA Papers and Proceedings - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What the Data Say About Police: There are racial differences in use of nonlethal force, but not in officer-involved shootings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fryer-roland-jr-what-the-data-say-about-poli_c1d67c5e34b4 # What the Data Say About Police: There are racial differences in use of nonlethal force, but not in officer-involved shootings ## Citation Fryer, Roland, Jr. "What the Data Say About Police: There are racial differences in use of nonlethal force, but not in officer-involved shootings." Wall Street Journal., 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-the-data-say-about-police-11592845959. ## Source Identity - Author: Fryer, Roland, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: Wall Street Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gakunzi-david-the-arab-muslim-slave-trade-li_b3f1375b5edc # The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo ## Citation Gakunzi, David. "The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: Lifting the Taboo." Jewish Political Studies Review, 2018, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26500685. ## Source Identity - Author: Gakunzi, David - Year: 2018 - Publication: Jewish Political Studies Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-africana-the-encycloped_25c27fc3bf52 # Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Oxford University Press, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 2005 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-authenticity-or-the-les_19f28dd24101 # 'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "'Authenticity,' or the Lesson of Little Tree." New York Times., 1991, https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/24/books/authenticity-or-the-lesson-of-little-tree.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 1991 - Publication: New York Times. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-black-white-and-blues-h_b0ff804c06bc # Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Black, white and blues: Henry Louis Gates Jr. breaks down Albert Murray's legacy on race and culture in America." Salon, 2016, https://www.salon.com/2016/10/26/black-white-and-blues-henry-louis-gates-jr-breaks-down-albert-murrays-legacy-on-race-and-culture-in-america/. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 2016 - Publication: Salon - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### King of Cats - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-king-of-cats-1996_786abd75b15b # King of Cats ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "King of Cats." New Yorker, 1996, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/04/08/king-of-cats. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 1996 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-let-them-talk-why-civil_16480112ed18 # Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. "Let Them Talk: Why civil liberties pose no threat to civil rights." New Republic, 1993, https://newrepublic.com/article/149558/let-talk. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 1993 - Publication: New Republic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-the-african-americans-m_39ef1b21b35f # The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross. SmileyBooks, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 2012 - Publication: SmileyBooks - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-the-trials-of-phillis-w_4f0d2be83462 # The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers. Basic Books, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 2003 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gates-henry-louis-jr-war-of-words-critical-r_c34e9e2aec94 # War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment, ## Citation Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. War of Words: Critical Race Theory and the First Amendment,. Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties, 1994. ## Source Identity - Author: Gates, Henry Louis, Jr - Year: 1994 - Publication: Speaking of Race, Speaking of Sex: Hate Speech, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Foreign Aid is Protectionism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gautreau-marcel-foreign-aid-is-protectionism_2bcca10e8fd7 # Foreign Aid is Protectionism ## Citation Gautreau, Marcel. "Foreign Aid is Protectionism." Mises Wire, 2020, https://mises.org/wire/foreign-aid-protectionism. ## Source Identity - Author: Gautreau, Marcel - Year: 2020 - Publication: Mises Wire - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Robots Won’t Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gautreau-marcel-robots-wont-destroy-us-how-a_5cd7bef2c102 # Robots Won’t Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs ## Citation Gautreau, Marcel. "Robots Won’t Destroy Us: How Automation Creates Jobs." Mises Wire, 2021, https://mises.org/wire/robots-wont-destroy-us-how-automation-creates-jobs. ## Source Identity - Author: Gautreau, Marcel - Year: 2021 - Publication: Mises Wire - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_genspect-one-of-the-greatest-medical-scandal_2f0623cb181b # One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time ## Citation Genspect. "One of the Greatest Medical Scandals of Our Time." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if0FPZPqwX4. ## Source Identity - Author: Genspect - Year: 2023 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gilroy-paul-against-race-imagining-political_c060bd0e7321 # Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line ## Citation Gilroy, Paul. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line. Harvard University Press, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Gilroy, Paul - Year: 2000 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Refusing race and salvaging the human - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gilroy-paul-refusing-race-and-salvaging-the_382c39df0916 # Refusing race and salvaging the human ## Citation Gilroy, Paul. "Refusing race and salvaging the human." New Frame, 2019, https://www.newframe.com/long-read-refusing-race-and-salvaging-the-human/. ## Source Identity - Author: Gilroy, Paul - Year: 2019 - Publication: New Frame - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### “Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game” - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_196003316-pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-ga_75273719486f # “Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game” ## Citation Glenn McNair. "“Pawns in a White Man’s Political Game”." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pawns-in-a-white-mans-political-game. ## Source Identity - Author: Glenn McNair - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_177823609-the-black-panthers-were-not-revolu_f4732ea86ca3 # The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries ## Citation Glenn McNair. "The Black Panthers Were Not Revolutionaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-black-panthers-were-not-revolutionaries. ## Source Identity - Author: Glenn McNair - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_center-for-policing-equity-goff-phillip-atib_809b71a704ed # The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force ## Citation Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. "The Science of Justice: Race, Arrests, and Police Use of Force." Center for Policing Equity, 2016, https://policingequity.org/images/pdfs-doc/CPE%20SoJ%20Race-Arrests-UoF%202016-07-08-1130.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Goff, Phillip Atiba, et al. - Year: 2016 - Publication: Center for Policing Equity - Genre: report ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_goings-kenneth-w-lessons-learned-the-role-of_ad795e96a02d # Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities ## Citation Goings, Kenneth W. "Lessons Learned: The Role of the Classics at Black Colleges and Universities." The Journal of Negro Education, 2010, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41341093. ## Source Identity - Author: Goings, Kenneth W - Year: 2010 - Publication: The Journal of Negro Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_goings-kenneth-w-the-classical-curriculum-at_d4cf78d8a8c6 # The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies ## Citation Goings, Kenneth W. "The Classical Curriculum at Black Colleges and Universities and the Roles of the Various Missionary Aid Societies." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement No. 128, 2015, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44216280. ## Source Identity - Author: Goings, Kenneth W - Year: 2015 - Publication: Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement No. 128 - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gordon-ed-host-white-guilt-and-the-end-of-th_9788aa8b2f91 # 'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era ## Citation Gordon, Ed, host. "'White Guilt' and the End of the Civil Rights Era." NPR, 2006, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5385701. ## Source Identity - Author: Gordon, Ed, host - Year: 2006 - Publication: NPR - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Andrew Johnson - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gordon-reed-annette-andrew-johnson-2011_2efa6c6944f7 # Andrew Johnson ## Citation Gordon-Reed, Annette. Andrew Johnson. Times Books, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Gordon-Reed, Annette - Year: 2011 - Publication: Times Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Liveright/W, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Gordon-Reed, Annette - Year: 2021 - Publication: Liveright/W - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gordon-reed-annette-the-hemingses-of-montice_abd21cfb3f72 # The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family ## Citation Gordon-Reed, Annette. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Gordon-Reed, Annette - Year: 2008 - Publication: W. W. Norton & Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_graham-roderick-the-cure-for-our-free-speech_ade7a4209a3a # The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis ## Citation Graham, Roderick. "The Cure for Our Free Speech Problems Requires a Proper Diagnosis." Medium, 2020, https://medium.com/swlh/the-cure-for-our-free-speech-problems-requires-a-proper-diagnosis-64434b492647. ## Source Identity - Author: Graham, Roderick - Year: 2020 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why We Need Whiteness Studies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_graham-roderick-why-we-need-whiteness-studie_ec7d3b6b7659 # Why We Need Whiteness Studies ## Citation Graham, Roderick. "Why We Need Whiteness Studies." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/07/01/why-we-need-whiteness-studies/. ## Source Identity - Author: Graham, Roderick - Year: 2019 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Beware the race reductionist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gray-briahna-joy-beware-the-race-reductionis_e34670d3cf49 # Beware the race reductionist ## Citation Gray, Briahna Joy. "Beware the race reductionist." The Intercept, 2018, https://theintercept.com/2018/08/26/beware-the-race-reductionist/. ## Source Identity - Author: Gray, Briahna Joy - Year: 2018 - Publication: The Intercept - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gray-briahna-joy-racism-may-have-gotten-us-i_e12d600cc019 # Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out ## Citation Gray, Briahna Joy. "Racism May Have Gotten Us Into This Mess, But Identity Politics Can’t Get Us Out." New York Magazine, 2017, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/11/identity-politics-cant-get-us-out-of-the-mess-racism-made.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Gray, Briahna Joy - Year: 2017 - Publication: New York Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Identity politics](../topics/identity-politics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_gregory-james-monroe-frederick-douglass-the_d0b751307f43 # Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings ## Citation Gregory, James Monroe. Frederick Douglass the Orator: Containing an Account of His Life; His Eminent Public Services; His Brilliant Career as Orator; Selections from His Speeches and Writings. Willey & Company, 1893. ## Source Identity - Author: Gregory, James Monroe - Year: 1893 - Publication: Willey & Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Imperium in Imperio - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_griggs-sutton-e-imperium-in-imperio-1899_c720457a9079 # Imperium in Imperio ## Citation Griggs, Sutton E. Imperium in Imperio. Cincinnati, OH: The Editor Publishing Co, 1899. ## Source Identity - Author: Griggs, Sutton E - Year: 1899 - Publication: Cincinnati, OH: The Editor Publishing Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Imperium in Imperio - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_griggs-sutton-e-imperium-in-imperio-2022_caafd52a5776 # Imperium in Imperio ## Citation Griggs, Sutton E. Imperium in Imperio. West Virginia University Press, 2022. ## Source Identity - Author: Griggs, Sutton E - Year: 2022 - Publication: West Virginia University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_grundy-saida-isabel-wilkerson-s-caste-book-i_84c15073efaa # Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination? ## Citation Grundy, Saida. "Isabel Wilkerson's Caste Book: Is It Beyond Examination?" COHNA, 2021, https://cohna.org/isabel-wilkersons-caste-book-is-it-beyond-examination/. ## Source Identity - Author: Grundy, Saida - Year: 2021 - Publication: COHNA - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Songs My Mother Taught Me - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hamer-fannie-lou-songs-my-mother-taught-me-2_9ced9fabb9a9 # Songs My Mother Taught Me ## Citation Hamer, Fannie Lou. Songs My Mother Taught Me. 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Hamer, Fannie Lou - Year: 2015 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hamer-fannie-lou-the-speeches-of-fannie-lou_a86b07a99ac9 # The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is ## Citation Hamer, Fannie Lou. The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is. University Press of Mississippi, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Hamer, Fannie Lou - Year: 2011 - Publication: University Press of Mississippi - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hamer-fannie-lou-to-praise-our-bridges-an-au_2fa1b4a3effb # To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography ## Citation Hamer, Fannie Lou. To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography. KIPCO, 1967. ## Source Identity - Author: Hamer, Fannie Lou - Year: 1967 - Publication: KIPCO - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harding-vincent-america-will-be-conversation_a8ba2c59b5df # America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy ## Citation Harding, Vincent. America Will Be! Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy. Dialogue Path Press, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Harding, Vincent - Year: 2013 - Publication: Dialogue Path Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harding-vincent-hope-and-history-why-we-must_873cd5a07ef5 # Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement ## Citation Harding, Vincent. Hope and History: Why We Must Share the Story of the Movement. Orbis Books, 1990. ## Source Identity - Author: Harding, Vincent - Year: 1990 - Publication: Orbis Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harding-vincent-martin-luther-king-the-incon_ea43ce054ac3 # Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero ## Citation Harding, Vincent. Martin Luther King: The Inconvenient Hero. Orbis Books, 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Harding, Vincent - Year: 1996 - Publication: Orbis Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harding-vincent-there-is-a-river-the-black-s_d0f15faf1f4b # There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America ## Citation Harding, Vincent. There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. Harcourt Brace & Company, 1983. ## Source Identity - Author: Harding, Vincent - Year: 1983 - Publication: Harcourt Brace & Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harding-vincent-we-changed-the-world-african_a931a6f2bcd7 # We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970 ## Citation Harding, Vincent. We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945–1970. Oxford University Press, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Harding, Vincent - Year: 1997 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harmon-alicia-affect-toward-minority-and-maj_2b42e40bb974 # Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump ## Citation Harmon, Alicia. "Affect toward Minority and Majority Groups in the Era of Donald Trump." Socius, 2022, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231221128427. ## Source Identity - Author: Harmon, Alicia - Year: 2022 - Publication: Socius - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Letter on Justice and Open Debate - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_the-harpers-letter-a-letter-on-justice-and-o_00d749b6cc77 # A Letter on Justice and Open Debate ## Citation Harper's Magazine. "A Letter on Justice and Open Debate." Harper's Magazine, 2020, https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/. ## Source Identity - Author: Harper's Magazine - Year: 2020 - Publication: Harper's Magazine - Genre: letter ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A white and black world in American labor and politics, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-a-white-and-black-wo_0e79cc0fff77 # A white and black world in American labor and politics, ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. "A white and black world in American labor and politics,." Journal of Social Forces, 1925. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1925 - Publication: Journal of Social Forces - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Economics and Social Reform - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-economics-and-social_a93ab61a4f68 # Economics and Social Reform ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. Economics and Social Reform. Harper & Brothers, 1958. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1958 - Publication: Harper & Brothers - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-black-worker-the_390e65b77dd3 # The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Black Worker: The Negro and the Labor Movement. Columbia University Press, 1931. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1931 - Publication: Columbia University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-negro-as-capital_605f1565a2eb # The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Negro as Capitalist: A Study Of Banking And Business Among American Negroes. The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 1936. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1936 - Publication: The American Academy of Political and Social Sciences - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-negro-population_0669f57f3a84 # The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The Negro Population in Minneapolis: A Study of Race Relations. National Urban League, 1926. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1926 - Publication: National Urban League - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The social philosophy of Karl Marx - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-abram-lincoln-jr-the-social-philosoph_fbe36e58334e # The social philosophy of Karl Marx ## Citation Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr. The social philosophy of Karl Marx. University of Chicago Press, 1948. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Abram Lincoln, Jr - Year: 1948 - Publication: University of Chicago Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Whiteness as Property - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-cheryl-whiteness-as-property-1993-onl_c676ae59dc44 # Whiteness as Property ## Citation Harris, Cheryl. "Whiteness as Property." Harvard Law Review, 1993, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/06/1707-1791 Online.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Cheryl - Year: 1993 - Publication: Harvard Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_harris-leslie-m-i-helped-fact-check-the-1619_4441a165086f # I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me ## Citation Harris, Leslie M. "I Helped Fact-Check the 1619 Project. The Times Ignored Me." Politico Magazine, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/06/1619-project-new-york-times-mistake-122248. ## Source Identity - Author: Harris, Leslie M - Year: 2020 - Publication: Politico Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro In Sports - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_henderson-edwin-bancroft-the-negro-in-sports_d20702dade6b # The Negro In Sports ## Citation Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. The Negro In Sports. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, Inc, 1939. ## Source Identity - Author: Henderson, Edwin Bancroft - Year: 1939 - Publication: Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, Inc - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro in Sports - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_henderson-edwin-bancroft-the-negro-in-sports_6b8822b11011 # The Negro in Sports ## Citation Henderson, Edwin Bancroft. The Negro in Sports. Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Henderson, Edwin Bancroft - Year: 2014 - Publication: Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hernandez-ismael-not-tragically-colored-free_9a663bbeb932 # Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America ## Citation Hernandez, Ismael. Not Tragically Colored: Freedom, Personhood, and the Renewal of Black America. Acton Institute, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Hernandez, Ismael - Year: 2011 - Publication: Acton Institute - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-an-open-letter-to-ta-nehisi-coa_cc39ab3218c4 # An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates ## Citation Hill, Jason D. "An Open Letter to Ta-Nehisi Coates." Commentary, 2017, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/open-letter-ta-nehisi-coates/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2017 - Publication: Commentary - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-becoming-a-cosmopolitan-what-it_d7259f099085 # Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium ## Citation Hill, Jason D. Becoming a Cosmopolitan: What It Means to Be a Human Being in the New Millennium. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2000 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-beyond-blood-identities-posthum_70e92eb4705c # Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century ## Citation Hill, Jason D. Beyond Blood Identities: Posthumanity in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington Books, 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2009 - Publication: Lexington Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-civil-disobedience-and-the-poli_ea0ac3c5cb0c # Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along ## Citation Hill, Jason D. Civil Disobedience and the Politics of Identity: When We Should Not Get Along. Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2013 - Publication: Palgrave MacMillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My ‘Black Lives Matter’ Problem - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-my-black-lives-matter-problem-2_500922f34612 # My ‘Black Lives Matter’ Problem ## Citation Hill, Jason D. "My ‘Black Lives Matter’ Problem." Commentary, 2018, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jason-hill/black-lives-matter-problem/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2018 - Publication: Commentary - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-the-moral-meaning-of-america-tw_91326549e464 # The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives ## Citation Hill, Jason D. "The Moral Meaning of America: Two Parallel Narratives." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/the-moral-meaning-of-america-two-parallel-narratives/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776 Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-we-have-overcome-an-immigrant-s_3e451a3091a1 # We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People ## Citation Hill, Jason D. We Have Overcome: An Immigrant's Letter to the American People. Bombardier Books, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2018 - Publication: Bombardier Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What do African Americans owe America? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hill-jason-d-what-do-african-americans-owe-a_aa37c36fadd8 # What do African Americans owe America? ## Citation Hill, Jason D. "What do African Americans owe America?" The Hill, 2021, https://thehill.com/opinion/civil-rights/576607-what-do-african-americans-owe-america. ## Source Identity - Author: Hill, Jason D - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Hill - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Heretic: Why Islam needs a reformation now - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hirsi-ali-ayaan-heretic-why-islam-needs-a-re_3f2aaa4e7142 # Heretic: Why Islam needs a reformation now ## Citation Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Heretic: Why Islam needs a reformation now. Harper, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Hirsi Ali, Ayaan - Year: 2015 - Publication: Harper - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Infidel: My Life - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hirsi-ali-ayaan-infidel-my-life-2007_1f6882b09e6f # Infidel: My Life ## Citation Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Infidel: My Life. Basic Books, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Hirsi Ali, Ayaan - Year: 2007 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hirsi-ali-ayaan-prey-immigration-islam-and-t_2e673c9e0980 # Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights ## Citation Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Prey: Immigration, Islam, and the Erosion of Women's Rights. Harper, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Hirsi Ali, Ayaan - Year: 2021 - Publication: Harper - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The caged virgin: An emancipation proclamation for women and Islam - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hirsi-ali-ayaan-the-caged-virgin-an-emancipa_a0880751579b # The caged virgin: An emancipation proclamation for women and Islam ## Citation Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. The caged virgin: An emancipation proclamation for women and Islam. Free Press, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Hirsi Ali, Ayaan - Year: 2002 - Publication: Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lady Sings the Blues - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_holiday-billie-lady-sings-the-blues-1956_6e0936f5522c # Lady Sings the Blues ## Citation Holiday, Billie. Lady Sings the Blues. Doubleday, 1956. ## Source Identity - Author: Holiday, Billie - Year: 1956 - Publication: Doubleday - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hudson-peter-james-afro-pessimism-and-the-un_183fa272e5b4 # Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness ## Citation Hudson, Peter James. "Afro-Pessimism and the (Un)Logic of Anti-Blackness." Historical Materialism, vol. 26, no. 2, 2018, https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/article/afro-pessimism-and-unlogic-anti-blackness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hudson, Peter James - Year: 2018 - Publication: Historical Materialism, vol. 26, no. 2 - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Better Anti-Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-a-better-anti-racism-2020_fee1a21e416c # A Better Anti-Racism ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "A Better Anti-Racism." Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/a-better-anti-racism. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-affirmative-action-towards-a_0d9079075235 # Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Affirmative Action: Towards a Coherent Debate." The University of Chicago Law Review Online, 2020, https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2020/10/30/aa-hughes/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: The University of Chicago Law Review Online - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-anti-racism-and-humanism-two_779766d1cc78 # Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Anti-racism and humanism: Two competing visions." The Mill Series at Lafayette College, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6orCV4I7jjU. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Mill Series at Lafayette College - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-black-american-culture-and-th_5713cc7b08d8 # Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/07/19/black-american-culture-and-the-racial-wealth-gap/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2018 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) - [Wealth gap: see also Class](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Fragility? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-black-fragility-2020_70391cfdb477 # Black Fragility? ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Black Fragility?" City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/article/black-fragility. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reflections on Intersectionality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-reflections-on-intersectional_de0fb93ffd87 # Reflections on Intersectionality ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Reflections on Intersectionality." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/01/14/reflections-on-intersectionality/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-reforming-policing-must-invol_1e10f13f45f3 # Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Reforming policing must involve perspectives of the police." Boston Globe, 2020, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/06/26/opinion/reforming-policing-must-involve-perspectives-police/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: Boston Globe - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-stories-and-data-reflections_44125dd1db87 # Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "Stories and Data: Reflections on race, riots, and police." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/reflections-on-race-riots-and-police. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Case for Black Optimism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-the-case-for-black-optimism-2_21e33f835c5c # The Case for Black Optimism ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "The Case for Black Optimism." Quillette, 2019, https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2019 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) - [Wealth gap: see also Class](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The High Price of Stale Grievances - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-the-high-price-of-stale-griev_478bfe25e748 # The High Price of Stale Grievances ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "The High Price of Stale Grievances." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/06/05/high-price-stale-grievances/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2018 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The moral case against Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-the-moral-case-against-black_6235ba5dbbfe # The moral case against Black Lives Matter ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "The moral case against Black Lives Matter." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/thepost/coleman-hughes-the-moral-case-against-blm/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Nonconformist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-the-nonconformist-2020_5208f1f27546 # The Nonconformist ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "The Nonconformist." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/thomas-sowell-race-poverty-culture. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Economics](../topics/economics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Racism Treadmill - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hughes-coleman-the-racism-treadmill-2018_b157dcec12c1 # The Racism Treadmill ## Citation Hughes, Coleman. "The Racism Treadmill." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/05/14/the-racism-treadmill/. ## Source Identity - Author: Hughes, Coleman - Year: 2018 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How It Feels To Be Colored Me, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-how-it-feels-to-be-colore_90f3782d35d5 # How It Feels To Be Colored Me, ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. "How It Feels To Be Colored Me,." World Tomorrow, 1928, http://www.stephenhicks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HurstonZ-How-It-Feels-to-Be-Colored-Me.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1928 - Publication: World Tomorrow - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I have been in Sorrow's kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and a sword in my hands - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-i-have-been-in-sorrow-s-k_755f54fb3e5a # I have been in Sorrow's kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and a sword in my hands ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. I have been in Sorrow's kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and a sword in my hands. Dust Tracks on the Road, 1942. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1942 - Publication: Dust Tracks on the Road - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Jonah's Gourd Vine - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-jonah-s-gourd-vine-1933_6e995e598452 # Jonah's Gourd Vine ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. Jonah's Gourd Vine. 1933. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1933 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Mules and Men - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-mules-and-men-1935_b088ab200d6c # Mules and Men ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men. 1935. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1935 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-tell-my-horse-voodoo-and_6d9e61ca6383 # Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. Tell My Horse. Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica. 1938. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1938 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### THeir Eyes Were Watching God - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hurston-zora-neale-their-eyes-were-watching_3f4bd2b4c0ec # THeir Eyes Were Watching God ## Citation Hurston, Zora Neale. THeir Eyes Were Watching God. J. B. Lippincott & Co, 1937. ## Source Identity - Author: Hurston, Zora Neale - Year: 1937 - Publication: J. B. Lippincott & Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Far District: Poems - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hutchinson-ishion-far-district-poems-2010_2059dc17ff48 # Far District: Poems ## Citation Hutchinson, Ishion. Far District: Poems. Peepal Tree Press Ltd, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Hutchinson, Ishion - Year: 2010 - Publication: Peepal Tree Press Ltd - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### House of Lords and Commons - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hutchinson-ishion-house-of-lords-and-commons_3263d64b5479 # House of Lords and Commons ## Citation Hutchinson, Ishion. House of Lords and Commons. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. ## Source Identity - Author: Hutchinson, Ishion - Year: 2017 - Publication: Farrar, Straus and Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hutchinson-ishion-the-fire-thus-kindled-may_1be519de2035 # The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again ## Citation Hutchinson, Ishion. The Fire Thus Kindled, May Be Kindled Again. Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Hutchinson, Ishion - Year: 2019 - Publication: Newcastle Centre for the Literary Arts - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Garden - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_hutchinson-ishion-the-garden-2015_8c884fdf8c8f # The Garden ## Citation Hutchinson, Ishion. The Garden. 2015, https://apps.apple.com/us/app/garden-by-ishion-hutchinson/id727332815. ## Source Identity - Author: Hutchinson, Ishion - Year: 2015 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_180386144-how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made_edb309a1647a # How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator ## Citation Ian V. Rowe. "How Thomas Sowell Thankfully Made Me A Contrarian Educator." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-thomas-sowell-thankfully-made. ## Source Identity - Author: Ian V. Rowe - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_174415516-what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-fre_4caf7cb5903f # What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech ## Citation Ian V. Rowe. "What We Must Teach to Preserve Free Speech." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-we-must-teach-to-preserve-free. ## Source Identity - Author: Ian V. Rowe - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_igbafe-philip-a-slavery-and-emancipation-in_4306a117e5fa # Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945 ## Citation Igbafe, Philip A. "Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945." Journal of African History, 1975, https://www.jstor.org/stable/180474. ## Source Identity - Author: Igbafe, Philip A - Year: 1975 - Publication: Journal of African History - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-in-defence-of-colourblind_055001e31850 # In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "In defence of colourblindness: We must reject the new race essentialism that now passes for anti-racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/16/in-defence-of-colourblindness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-the-answer-to-hateful-spe_d6f86ceaa320 # The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The Answer to Hateful Speech is Better Speech: An Invitation to a Debate." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/16/the-answer-to-hateful-speech-is-better-speech-an-invitation-to-a-debate/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2019 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-the-collapse-of-the-diver_b99dbbd3e744 # The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The collapse of the ‘diversity’ industry can’t come soon enough." Telegraph, 2022, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/08/03/collapse-diversity-industry-cant-come-soon/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2022 - Publication: Telegraph - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-the-grim-re-emergence-of_9e89973af521 # The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "The grim re-emergence of white identity politics: Left identity politics has re-racialised society. A reaction was inevitable." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/26/the-grim-re-emergence-of-white-identity-politics/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-these-protests-have-nothi_15987fad850c # These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "These protests have nothing to do with racism: Black Lives Matter UK is pushing a debilitating, fact-free victim narrative." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/08/these-protests-have-nothing-to-do-with-racism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-unconscious-bias-tells-us_364514494c49 # Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "Unconscious bias tells us nothing about racism." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/07/10/unconscious-bias-tells-us-nothing-about-racism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-we-cant-just-oppose-racis_8941c5222581 # We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We Can’t Just Oppose Racism: We Must Transcend Race." Αreo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/08/05/we-cant-just-oppose-racism-we-must-transcend-race/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Αreo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_iman-inaya-folarin-we-need-to-abolish-race-i_18e3dbc0a316 # We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it ## Citation Iman, Inaya Folarin. "We need to abolish race: Identity politics has revived racial thinking. It's time to move beyond it." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/08/04/we-need-to-abolish-race/. ## Source Identity - Author: Iman, Inaya Folarin - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_independent-truths-podcast-wilfred-reilly-wh_dff4d4fcf626 # Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong ## Citation Independent Truths Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly: Where Mainstream Narratives on Race and Racism Go Wrong." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8yz3Qi3udA&t=1s. ## Source Identity - Author: Independent Truths Podcast - Year: 2023 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jackson-mitchel-s-survival-math-notes-on-an_186d678ee91f # Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family ## Citation Jackson, Mitchel S. Survival Math: Notes on an All-American Family. Scribner, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Jackson, Mitchel S - Year: 2019 - Publication: Scribner - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jackson-oneita-nappy-headed-negro-syndrome-a_e9e5542efea2 # Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century ## Citation Jackson, Oneita. Nappy-Headed Negro Syndrome: A Handbook to Social Etiquette in the Racially Charged 21st Century. Antigravity, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Jackson, Oneita - Year: 2019 - Publication: Antigravity - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_146154496-what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-ju_c78a4eae03fc # What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July? ## Citation Jake Mackey. "What to Us Now Is the Fourth of July?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-to-us-now-is-the-fourth-of-july-1af. ## Source Identity - Author: Jake Mackey - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Jacobins - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-cyril-lionel-roberts-the-black-jacobin_6373dc80e4d4 # The Black Jacobins ## Citation James, C. L. R. The Black Jacobins. 1938. ## Source Identity - Author: James, C. L. R. - Year: 1938 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-cyril-lionel-robert-discovering-litera_6b697cb61052 # Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences, ## Citation James, Cyril Lionel Robert. "Discovering Literature in Trinidad: Two Experiences,." The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 1969. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Cyril Lionel Robert - Year: 1969 - Publication: The Journal of Commonwealth Literature - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Minty Alley - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-cyril-lionel-robert-minty-alley-1936_e66230c9c252 # Minty Alley ## Citation James, Cyril Lionel Robert. Minty Alley. London: Secker & Warburg, 1936. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Cyril Lionel Robert - Year: 1936 - Publication: London: Secker & Warburg - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Negrophobia: An Urban Parable - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-darius-negrophobia-an-urban-parable-19_38131df9dae6 # Negrophobia: An Urban Parable ## Citation James, Darius. Negrophobia: An Urban Parable. Citadel Press, 1992. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Darius - Year: 1992 - Publication: Citadel Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### That's Blaxploitation: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All'Whyte Jury) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-darius-that-s-blaxploitation-roots-of_25a67f5f3d47 # That's Blaxploitation: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All'Whyte Jury) ## Citation James, Darius. That's Blaxploitation: Roots of the Baadasssss 'Tude (Rated X by an All'Whyte Jury). St. Martin's Press, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Darius - Year: 1995 - Publication: St. Martin's Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-darius-voodoo-stew-stories-and-essays_8d8f9dad3207 # Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays ## Citation James, Darius. Voodoo Stew: Stories and Essays. 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Darius - Year: 2004 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It’s a Teachable Moment, America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-kay-coles-constitution-day-is-not-just_3b71da6d2504 # Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It’s a Teachable Moment, America ## Citation James, Kay Coles. "Constitution Day Is Not Just Another Tuesday—It’s a Teachable Moment, America." Heritage Foundation, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/the-constitution/commentary/constitution-day-not-just-another-tuesday-its-teachable-moment-america. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Kay Coles - Year: 2019 - Publication: Heritage Foundation - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-kay-coles-why-conservatives-should-be_e90cbe4f07df # Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement ## Citation James, Kay Coles. "Why Conservatives Should Be Leading the Civil Rights Movement." Heritage Foundation, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/civil-rights/commentary/why-conservatives-should-be-leading-the-civil-rights-movement. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Kay Coles - Year: 2020 - Publication: Heritage Foundation - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799-1851 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_james-winston-a-the-struggles-of-john-brown_c9bb601e067e # The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799-1851 ## Citation James, Winston A. The Struggles of John Brown Russwurm: The Life and Writings of a Pan-Africanist Pioneer, 1799-1851. New York University Press, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: James, Winston A - Year: 2010 - Publication: New York University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Companion to African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-colle_6fc0470f5954 # A Companion to African American Literature ## Citation Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). A Companion to African American Literature. Wiley Blackwell, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) - Year: 2010 - Publication: Wiley Blackwell - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Representing the Race A New Political History of African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-colle_25ba05e02066 # Representing the Race A New Political History of African American Literature ## Citation Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). Representing the Race A New Political History of African American Literature. NYU Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) - Year: 2011 - Publication: NYU Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-colle_97489e118980 # The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature ## Citation Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). The Wiley Blackwell Anthology of African American Literature. Wiley Blackwell, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) - Year: 2014 - Publication: Wiley Blackwell - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deans and Truants Race and Realism in African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-colle_0a1ebce82838 # Deans and Truants Race and Realism in African American Literature ## Citation Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). Deans and Truants Race and Realism in African American Literature. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) - Year: 2007 - Publication: University of Pennsylvania Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### African American Literature beyond Race An Alternative Reader - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jarrett-gene-andrew-seryl-kushner-dean-colle_9708ea980ed4 # African American Literature beyond Race An Alternative Reader ## Citation Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.). African American Literature beyond Race An Alternative Reader. NYU Press, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Jarrett, Gene Andrew (Seryl Kushner Dean, College of Arts and Science, Department of English.) - Year: 2006 - Publication: NYU Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Land Without Charters: The Experience of a Toronto Low-Income Neighborhood Underscores the Importance of School Choice - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jivani-jamil-a-land-without-charters-the-exp_57517ee6d536 # A Land Without Charters: The Experience of a Toronto Low-Income Neighborhood Underscores the Importance of School Choice ## Citation Jivani, Jamil. "A Land Without Charters: The Experience of a Toronto Low-Income Neighborhood Underscores the Importance of School Choice." City Journal, 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/importance-of-school-choice-toronto. ## Source Identity - Author: Jivani, Jamil - Year: 2019 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Vote My Grandfather Never Had - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_204158857-the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had_c4043ed6cf9d # The Vote My Grandfather Never Had ## Citation John Albert Washington. "The Vote My Grandfather Never Had." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-vote-my-grandfather-never-had. ## Source Identity - Author: John Albert Washington - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-cedric-black-political-life-and-the_a0d52ebf1bc1 # Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency ## Citation Johnson, Cedric. "Black Political Life and the Blue Lives Matter Presidency." Jacobin, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/02/black-lives-matter-power-politics-cedric-johnson. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Cedric - Year: 2019 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-cedric-the-triumph-of-black-lives-ma_cdc3b3b005d5 # The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption ## Citation Johnson, Cedric. "The Triumph of Black Lives Matter and Neoliberal Redemption." Nonsite, 2020, https://nonsite.org/editorial/the-triumph-of-black-lives-matter-and-neoliberal-redemption. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Cedric - Year: 2020 - Publication: Nonsite - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-cedric-the-wages-of-roediger-why-thr_9d0b87a160f7 # The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need ## Citation Johnson, Cedric. "The Wages of Roediger: Why Three Decades of Whiteness Studies Has Not Produced the Left We Need." Nonsite.org, 2019, https://nonsite.org/the-wages-of-roediger-why-three-decades-of-whiteness-studies-has-not-produced-the-left-we-need/. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Cedric - Year: 2019 - Publication: Nonsite.org - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Black Life Actually Looks Like - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-cedric-what-black-life-actually-look_cdf127efc0c3 # What Black Life Actually Looks Like ## Citation Johnson, Cedric. "What Black Life Actually Looks Like." Jacobin, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/04/racism-black-lives-matter-inequality. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Cedric - Year: 2019 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-james-weldon-the-autobiography-of-an_2fd9d05f901b # The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man ## Citation Johnson, James Weldon. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Boston, Massachusetts: Sherman, French, and Co, 1912. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, James Weldon - Year: 1912 - Publication: Boston, Massachusetts: Sherman, French, and Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Color, Communism and Common Sense - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-manning-rudolph-color-communism-and_71cb3d5b5708 # Color, Communism and Common Sense ## Citation Johnson, Manning Rudolph. Color, Communism and Common Sense. Alliance Press, 1958, http://campconstitution.net/files/2020/Color,%20Communism,%20and%20Common%20Sense.PDF. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Manning Rudolph - Year: 1958 - Publication: Alliance Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-rob-learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenie_e9e550fbef38 # Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero ## Citation Johnson, Rob. "Learning from MLK, the Inconvenient Hero." Institute for New Economic Thinking, 2018, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/learning-from-mlk-the-inconvenient-hero. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Rob - Year: 2018 - Publication: Institute for New Economic Thinking - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-theodore-r-are-black-voters-really-l_e3b03b5d3847 # Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party? ## Citation Johnson, Theodore, R. "Are Black Voters Really Leaving the Democratic Party?" The Bulwark, 2022, https://www.thebulwark.com/are-black-voters-really-leaving-the-democratic-party/. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Theodore, R - Year: 2022 - Publication: The Bulwark - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_johnson-theodore-r-why-are-african-americans_aaded9f56685 # Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse? ## Citation Johnson, Theodore, R. "Why are African-Americans such loyal Democrats when they are so ideologically diverse?" Washington Post, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/28/can-trump-win-black-votes-what-we-know-from-5-decades-of-black-voting-data/. ## Source Identity - Author: Johnson, Theodore, R - Year: 2016 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-clarence-b-dr-behind-the-dream-the-mak_790302cf60e0 # Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation ## Citation Jones, Clarence B., Dr. Behind the Dream: The Making of the Speech that Transformed a Nation. Palgrave-Macmillan, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Clarence B., Dr - Year: 2011 - Publication: Palgrave-Macmillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-clarence-b-dr-california-ethnic-studie_d49f97359959 # California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr. ## Citation Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "California Ethnic Studies Curriculum imposes ‘critical race theory,’ excludes Martin Luther King Jr." World Socialist Web Site, 2021, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/20/ethn-m20.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Clarence B., Dr - Year: 2021 - Publication: World Socialist Web Site - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-clarence-b-dr-letter-from-clarence-jon_d29c5f377f2f # Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC) ## Citation Jones, Clarence B., Dr. "Letter from Clarence Jones to Gavin Newsom on California’s proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC)." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2021, https://www.calethstudies.org/aces-resourcedocs/clarence-jones-letter. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Clarence B., Dr - Year: 2021 - Publication: Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Would Martin Say? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-clarence-b-dr-what-would-martin-say-20_864b3a698c62 # What Would Martin Say? ## Citation Jones, Clarence B., Dr. What Would Martin Say? HarperCollins, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Clarence B., Dr - Year: 2008 - Publication: HarperCollins - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Known World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-edward-p-the-known-world-2003_4bafc33f6287 # The Known World ## Citation Jones, Edward P. The Known World. Amistad, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Edward P - Year: 2003 - Publication: Amistad - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_jones-janelle-50-years-after-the-kerner-comm_16a27e582fbf # 50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality ## Citation Jones, Janelle. "50 years after the Kerner Commission: African Americans are better off in many ways but are still disadvantaged by racial inequality." Economic Policy Institute Report, 2018, https://www.epi.org/publication/50-years-after-the-kerner-commission/. ## Source Identity - Author: Jones, Janelle - Year: 2018 - Publication: Economic Policy Institute Report - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_july-eric-african-american-libertarianism-sh_25f0b2ee3349 # African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising ## Citation July, Eric. "African American Libertarianism Should Not Be Surprising." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/considering-history-african-american-libertarianism-not-surprising. ## Source Identity - Author: July, Eric - Year: 2016 - Publication: Being Libertarian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Bernie Sanders And Fraud Humanitarianism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_july-eric-bernie-sanders-and-fraud-humanitar_4e88eee930a4 # Bernie Sanders And Fraud Humanitarianism ## Citation July, Eric. "Bernie Sanders And Fraud Humanitarianism." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/bernie-bots-and-their-fraud-humanitarianism/. ## Source Identity - Author: July, Eric - Year: 2016 - Publication: Being Libertarian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is A Bad Strategy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_july-eric-flag-burning-is-your-right-but-it_5f86a53ca29b # Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is A Bad Strategy ## Citation July, Eric. "Flag Burning Is Your Right, But It Is A Bad Strategy." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/flag-burning-right-bad-strategy/. ## Source Identity - Author: July, Eric - Year: 2016 - Publication: Being Libertarian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Hoppe’s Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_july-eric-hoppes-speech-on-libertarianism-an_84a0b5382838 # Hoppe’s Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right ## Citation July, Eric. "Hoppe’s Speech on Libertarianism and the Alt-Right." Being Libertarian, 2017, https://beinglibertarian.com/hoppes-speech-libertarianism-alt-right/. ## Source Identity - Author: July, Eric - Year: 2017 - Publication: Being Libertarian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Libertarian Movement Needs The Anarcho-Capitalist Faction - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_july-eric-the-libertarian-movement-needs-the_a6d21e602b38 # The Libertarian Movement Needs The Anarcho-Capitalist Faction ## Citation July, Eric. "The Libertarian Movement Needs The Anarcho-Capitalist Faction." Being Libertarian, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/libertarian-movement-anarcho-capitalist/. ## Source Identity - Author: July, Eric - Year: 2016 - Publication: Being Libertarian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Abomunist Manifesto - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-abomunist-manifesto-1958_be9a0acb8eef # Abomunist Manifesto ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. Abomunist Manifesto. City Lights, 1958. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1958 - Publication: City Lights - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-collected-poems-of-bob-kaufman-2_1650a28c4839 # Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. Collected Poems of Bob Kaufman. City Lights, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 2019 - Publication: City Lights - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-cranial-guitar-selected-poems-by_e96036bb125a # Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. Cranial Guitar: Selected Poems by Bob Kaufman. Coffee House Press, 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1996 - Publication: Coffee House Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Does the Secret Mind Whisper? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-does-the-secret-mind-whisper-195_b37f67d7171b # Does the Secret Mind Whisper? ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. Does the Secret Mind Whisper? City Lights, 1959. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1959 - Publication: City Lights - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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City Lights, 1958. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1958 - Publication: City Lights - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-solitudes-crowded-with-lonelines_2efceb5e81bd # Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness. New Directions, 1965. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1965 - Publication: New Directions - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kaufman-bob-the-ancient-rain-poems-19561978_5de68e6a7b7c # The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978 ## Citation Kaufman, Bob. The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978. New Directions, 1981. ## Source Identity - Author: Kaufman, Bob - Year: 1981 - Publication: New Directions - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kelley-norma-writer-and-filmmaker-rhythm-and_7d4ee52730fa # Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music ## Citation Kelley, Norman. Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music. Akashic Books, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Kelley, Norman - Year: 2005 - Publication: Akashic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kelley-norma-writer-and-filmmaker-the-head-n_8917fd338052 # The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics ## Citation Kelley, Norman. The Head Negro in Charge Syndrome: The Dead End of Black Politics. Nation Books, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Kelley, Norman - Year: 2004 - Publication: Nation Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/amazing-grace. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_189598765-black-americans-are-not-hyphenated_413c34e9d90c # Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "Black Americans Are Not Hyphenated Citizens." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-americans-are-not-hyphenated. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_173638583-charlie-kirks-message-transcended_46c3332eac06 # Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "Charlie Kirk’s message transcended ethnic and political boundaries." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/charlie-kirks-message-transcended. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Resurrect the Family - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_161566812-resurrect-the-family_b3fcac90701e # Resurrect the Family ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "Resurrect the Family." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/resurrect-the-family. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cincinnati Beat-Down - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_170215008-the-cincinnati-beat-down_6e4e99fb58ee # The Cincinnati Beat-Down ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "The Cincinnati Beat-Down." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-cincinnati-beat-down. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_146486742-the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight_32897df62fa5 # The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "The Scandal Hidden in Plain Sight." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-scandal-hidden-in-plain-sight. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_184911170-we-must-return-to-the-classical-bl_1f0998e10d25 # We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition ## Citation Kendall Qualls. "We Must Return to the Classical Black American Tradition." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/we-must-return-to-the-classical-black. ## Source Identity - Author: Kendall Qualls - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-john-f-proclamation-3511-emancipatio_c583e7825146 # Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial ## Citation Kennedy, John F. "Proclamation 3511--Emancipation Proclamation Centennial." The American Presidency Project, 1962, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3511-emancipation-proclamation-centennial. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, John F - Year: 1962 - Publication: The American Presidency Project - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-for-discrimination-race-af_1802f8aaf7e4 # For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law. Penguin Random House, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2013 - Publication: Penguin Random House - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-how-a-dispute-over-the-n-w_a63f4168eb25 # How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "How a Dispute Over the N-Word Became a Dispiriting Farce." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-dispute-over-the-n-word-became-a-dispiriting-farce/. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Racist Are Universities, Really? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-how-racist-are-universitie_0cd91a37cce4 # How Racist Are Universities, Really? ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "How Racist Are Universities, Really?" The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2020, https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-racist-are-universities-really. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate_5456ea5f34e1 # Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom? ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "Is It Ever OK to Enunciate a Slur in the Classroom?" Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/is-it-ever-ok-to-enunciate-a-slur-in-the-classroom. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-lifting-as-we-climb-a-prog_3fa3e0d2373e # Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "Lifting as We Climb: A progressive defense of respectability politics." Harper’s Magazine., 2015, https://harpers.org/archive/2015/10/lifting-as-we-climb/. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2015 - Publication: Harper’s Magazine. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-nigger-the-strange-career_60d6cb83dbed # Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. Pantheon Books – Vintage Books, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2002 - Publication: Pantheon Books – Vintage Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-on-the-authority-of-experi_f985aed86409 # On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "On the Authority of Experience in Black Thought." Heterodox: The Blog., 2021, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/on-the-authority-of-experience-in-black-thought/. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Heterodox: The Blog. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial Critiques of Legal Academia - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-racial-critiques-of-legal_e8a47d9fdd39 # Racial Critiques of Legal Academia ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "Racial Critiques of Legal Academia." Harvard Law Review, 1989, https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kennedy-Racial-Critiques-of-Legal-Academia.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 1989 - Publication: Harvard Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-l-the-new-taboo-quoting-epit_a9167afca432 # The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond, ## Citation Kennedy, Randall L. "The New Taboo: Quoting Epithets in The Classroom and Beyond,." Capital University Law Review, 2021, https://www.capitallawreview.org/article/21653-the-new-taboo-quoting-epithets-in-the-classroom-andbeyond. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Capital University Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Race Question and Freedom of Expression - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-the-race-question-and-freedo_2d24e370b762 # The Race Question and Freedom of Expression ## Citation Kennedy, Randall. "The Race Question and Freedom of Expression." LeFrak Forum's 31st Annual Program: Freedom of Speech and Intellectual Diversity on Campus, 2021, https://youtu.be/LniIR4hKFOw. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall - Year: 2021 - Publication: LeFrak Forum's 31st Annual Program: Freedom of Speech and Intellectual Diversity on Campus - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why We Need Good Police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kennedy-randall-why-we-need-good-police-2021_cb3a13dce689 # Why We Need Good Police ## Citation Kennedy, Randall. "Why We Need Good Police." Dissent, 2021, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/why-we-need-good-police. ## Source Identity - Author: Kennedy, Randall - Year: 2021 - Publication: Dissent - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Political Change in a West African State - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kilson-martin-political-change-in-a-west-afr_286aa8338448 # Political Change in a West African State ## Citation Kilson, Martin. Political Change in a West African State. Harvard University Press, 1966. ## Source Identity - Author: Kilson, Martin - Year: 1966 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_king-brittany-talissa-dr-martin-luther-king_8b9a28f6acbc # Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist ## Citation King, Brittany Talissa. "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Already Showed Us How To Be An Anti-Racist." Medium, 2021, https://brtking-7.medium.com/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-already-showed-us-how-to-be-an-anti-racist-5a667ef3cf7d. ## Source Identity - Author: King, Brittany Talissa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_king-brittany-talissa-i-am-not-your-hashtag_d18ac99edb88 # I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship ## Citation King, Brittany Talissa. "I Am Not Your #HashTag: Why I Am Critical Of White Allyship." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/iamnotyouhashtag-why-i-am-critical-of-white-allyship-b39e5d676f72. ## Source Identity - Author: King, Brittany Talissa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Allyship](../topics/allyship.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_king-brittany-talissa-the-black-descendants_8b242d97872a # The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought ## Citation King, Brittany Talissa. "The Black Descendants: The Case for Our Freedom of Thought." Medium, 2020, https://brtking-7.medium.com/the-black-descendants-the-case-for-our-freedom-of-thought-4ccf2f3a880b. ## Source Identity - Author: King, Brittany Talissa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_king-martin-luther-jr-emancipation-proclamat_e423e3f4fc1a # Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address ## Citation King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Emancipation Proclamation Centennial Address." National Park Service, 1962, https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/mlk-ep.htm. ## Source Identity - Author: King, Martin Luther, Jr - Year: 1962 - Publication: National Park Service - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Letter from a Birmingham Jail - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_king-martin-luther-jr-letter-from-a-birmingh_d96a32ef72c3 # Letter from a Birmingham Jail ## Citation King, Martin Luther, Jr. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." Grace Presbytery, 1963, https://www.gracepresbytery.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Letter-from-a-Birmingham-Jail-King.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: King, Martin Luther, Jr - Year: 1963 - Publication: Grace Presbytery - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Towards the Construction of Political Action - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kiros-teodros_6d28703e561c # Towards the Construction of Political Action ## Citation Kiros, Teodros. "Towards the Construction of Political Action." Compendium annotation, n.d. ## Source Identity - Author: Kiros, Teodros - Year: n.d. - Publication: Compendium annotation - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_174773709-a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree_97555bae18e2 # A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree ## Citation Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "A Purely Synthetic Knowledge Tree." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/a-purely-synthetic-knowledge-tree. ## Source Identity - Author: Knight-Laurie, Rienard - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_144108901-how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sab_2acf0fea6e3d # How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage ## Citation Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "How I Overcame Racialized Self-Sabotage." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-i-overcame-racialized-self-sabotage. ## Source Identity - Author: Knight-Laurie, Rienard - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_knight-laurie-rienard-true-anti-racism-means_5960e507a63e # True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race ## Citation Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "True Anti-Racism Means Being Anti-Race." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/true-anti-racism-means-being-anti-race-opinion-1653635. ## Source Identity - Author: Knight-Laurie, Rienard - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Turning the Page On Wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_50260395-turning-the-page-on-wokeness_2326aafeb8f0 # Turning the Page On Wokeness ## Citation Knight-Laurie, Rienard. "Turning the Page On Wokeness." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/turning-the-page-on-wokeness. ## Source Identity - Author: Knight-Laurie, Rienard - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How the Left betrayed the Truckers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kyeyune-malcom-how-the-left-betrayed-the-tru_c04123d1e638 # How the Left betrayed the Truckers ## Citation Kyeyune, Malcom. "How the Left betrayed the Truckers." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/how-the-left-betrayed-the-truckers/. ## Source Identity - Author: Kyeyune, Malcom - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Labor](../topics/labor.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kyeyune-malcom-on-strasserism-and-the-decay_22e15fed5e0d # On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left ## Citation Kyeyune, Malcom. "On 'Strasserism' and the Decay of the Left." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/on-strasserism-and-the-decay-of-the-left/. ## Source Identity - Author: Kyeyune, Malcom - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Bellows - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Workers’ Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kyeyune-malcom-the-new-workers-movement-2022_cb982841bbb2 # The New Workers’ Movement ## Citation Kyeyune, Malcom. "The New Workers’ Movement." Compact, 2022, https://compactmag.com/article/the-new-workers-movement. ## Source Identity - Author: Kyeyune, Malcom - Year: 2022 - Publication: Compact - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Labor](../topics/labor.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Wokeness as Elite Aspiration - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-as-elite-aspiration_80ee95ce044a # Wokeness as Elite Aspiration ## Citation Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness as Elite Aspiration." City Journal., 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-as-elite-aspiration. ## Source Identity - Author: Kyeyune, Malcom - Year: 2021 - Publication: City Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_kyeyune-malcom-wokeness-the-highest-stage-of_4054b98ab17a # Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism ## Citation Kyeyune, Malcom. "Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism." City Journal., 2022, https://www.city-journal.org/wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism. ## Source Identity - Author: Kyeyune, Malcom - Year: 2022 - Publication: City Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Buster, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lee-opal-buster-2022_870849d1dd0c # Buster, ## Citation Lee, Opal. "Buster,." Washington Post, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/06/17/juneteenth-holidays-slavery-emancipation/. ## Source Identity - Author: Lee, Opal - Year: 2022 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Juneteenth](../topics/juneteenth.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote' - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_legette-willie-south-carolina-neoliberalism_73c1c6c9011d # South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote' ## Citation Legette, Willie. "South Carolina, Neoliberalism's Stranglehold, and the Mystique of the 'Black Vote'." Common Dreams, 2020, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/03/04/south-carolina-neoliberalisms-stranglehold-and-mystique-black-vote. ## Source Identity - Author: Legette, Willie - Year: 2020 - Publication: Common Dreams - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_legette-willie-the-role-of-race-in-contempor_b4c82539d1bf # The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight ## Citation Legette, Willie. "The Role of Race in Contemporary U. S. Politics: V.O. Key’s Enduring Insight." Nonsite.org, 2018, https://nonsite.org/the-role-of-race-in-contemporary-u-s-politics/. ## Source Identity - Author: Legette, Willie - Year: 2018 - Publication: Nonsite.org - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-britains-race-pain-is-not-the_39b3304d7c6d # Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Britain’s race pain is not the same as America’s: A like-for-like equation is potentially inflammatory, crassly propagandistic—and untrue." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/06/british-and-american-black-experience-are-not-the-same/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism' - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-clr-james-rejected-the-posturi_d15c0dcacf5e # CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism' ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "CLR James rejected the posturing of identity politics: He railed against the superficial nonsense that masquerades as 'anti-racism'." Unherd, 2018, https://unherd.com/2018/10/clr-james-rejected-posturing-identity-politics/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2018 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-labour-s-equal-pay-promise-is_083acee7bf11 # Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Labour's equal pay promise is DEI in disguise." UnHerd, 2023, https://unherd.com/newsroom/labours-equal-pay-promise-is-dei-in-disguise/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2023 - Publication: UnHerd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial categories are reactionary - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-racial-categories-are-reaction_751de68a3d10 # Racial categories are reactionary ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Racial categories are reactionary." Unherd, 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/08/why-racial-categories-are-reactionary/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-stop-apologising-for-cultural_d0b432dd72cd # Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Stop apologising for cultural appropriation: Politically correct crusades undermine all that's valuable in a diverse society." Unherd., 2020, https://unherd.com/2020/07/cultural-appropriation-is-progressive-and-anti-racist/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unherd. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The demise of ‘political blackness’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-the-demise-of-political-blackn_4a0a5a7423b9 # The demise of ‘political blackness’ ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "The demise of ‘political blackness’." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-demise-of-political-blackness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-transcending-racial-divisions_2d81be79efa6 # Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand by Me?, by Christine Louis Dit-Sully." Areo, 2021, https://areomagazine.com/2021/08/03/transcending-racial-divisions-will-you-stand-by-me-by-christine-louis-dit-sully/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2021 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-understanding-the-jewish-catas_d11bb1672577 # Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Understanding the Jewish Catastrophe." Quillette, 2024, https://quillette.com/2024/02/05/understanding-the-jewish-catastrophe. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2024 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why the West isn’t racist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_leonard-ralph-why-the-west-isnt-racist-2021_4882d435b3e3 # Why the West isn’t racist ## Citation Leonard, Ralph. "Why the West isn’t racist." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/01/why-the-west-isnt-racist/. ## Source Identity - Author: Leonard, Ralph - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lester-julius-look-out-whitey-black-power-go_427ef7f53ba1 # Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama ## Citation Lester, Julius. Look Out, Whitey! Black Power Gon' Get Your Mama. 1968. ## Source Identity - Author: Lester, Julius - Year: 1968 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Search for the new land: History as subjective experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lester-julius-search-for-the-new-land-histor_b5bb85372b77 # Search for the new land: History as subjective experience ## Citation Lester, Julius. Search for the new land: History as subjective experience. Dial, 1969. ## Source Identity - Author: Lester, Julius - Year: 1969 - Publication: Dial - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lester-julius-the-folksinger-s-guide-to-the_81bccd0a369d # The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger ## Citation Lester, Julius. The Folksinger's Guide to the 12-String Guitar as Played by Leadbelly, Lester and Pete Seeger. 1965. ## Source Identity - Author: Lester, Julius - Year: 1965 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Be a Slave - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lester-julius-to-be-a-slave-1968_07611ba8f14e # To Be a Slave ## Citation Lester, Julius. To Be a Slave. 1968. ## Source Identity - Author: Lester, Julius - Year: 1968 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Natural Law - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_lloyd-vincent-black-natural-law-2016_58a0b59eefff # Black Natural Law ## Citation Lloyd, Vincent. Black Natural Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Lloyd, Vincent - Year: 2016 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### African American Contributions to the Americas’ Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_locke-alain-leroy-african-american-contribut_77f440f23a7f # African American Contributions to the Americas’ Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke ## Citation Locke, Alain Leroy. African American Contributions to the Americas’ Cultures: A Critical Edition of Lectures by Alain Locke. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Locke, Alain Leroy - Year: 2016 - Publication: Palgrave Macmillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Negro: An Interpretation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_locke-alain-leroy-the-new-negro-an-interpret_4494e983b622 # The New Negro: An Interpretation ## Citation Locke, Alain Leroy. The New Negro: An Interpretation. Touchstone, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Locke, Alain Leroy - Year: 1925 - Publication: Touchstone, 1999 - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_locke-alain-leroy-the-philosophy-of-alain-lo_5c604841316e # The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond ## Citation Locke, Alain Leroy. The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond. Temple University Press, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Locke, Alain Leroy - Year: 1989 - Publication: Temple University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Works of Alain Locke - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_locke-alain-leroy-the-works-of-alain-locke-2_99a9ce2f6ba6 # The Works of Alain Locke ## Citation Locke, Alain Leroy. The Works of Alain Locke. Oxford University Press, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Locke, Alain Leroy - Year: 2012 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Howard University: The First Hundred Years 1867-1967 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_logan-rayford-whittingham-howard-university_075d7d13a6eb # Howard University: The First Hundred Years 1867-1967 ## Citation Logan, Rayford Whittingham. Howard University: The First Hundred Years 1867-1967. NYU Press, 1969. ## Source Identity - Author: Logan, Rayford Whittingham - Year: 1969 - Publication: NYU Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_logan-rayford-whittingham-the-american-negro_dabbb82e4d55 # The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience ## Citation Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The American Negro: Old World Background and New World Experience. Houghton Mifflin, 1970. ## Source Identity - Author: Logan, Rayford Whittingham - Year: 1970 - Publication: Houghton Mifflin - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_logan-rayford-whittingham-the-diplomatic-rel_25b96bb9b5a9 # The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891 ## Citation Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891. University of North Carolina Press, 1941. ## Source Identity - Author: Logan, Rayford Whittingham - Year: 1941 - Publication: University of North Carolina Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_logan-rayford-whittingham-the-negro-in-ameri_54711680817d # The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901 ## Citation Logan, Rayford Whittingham. The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877-1901. The Betrayal Of The Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes To Woodrow Wilson, 1954. ## Source Identity - Author: Logan, Rayford Whittingham - Year: 1954 - Publication: The Betrayal Of The Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes To Woodrow Wilson - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What the Negro Wants - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_logan-rayford-whittingham-what-the-negro-wan_32ef929123e4 # What the Negro Wants ## Citation Logan, Rayford Whittingham. What the Negro Wants. University of North Carolina Press, 1944. ## Source Identity - Author: Logan, Rayford Whittingham - Year: 1944 - Publication: University of North Carolina Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_louis-dit-sully-christine-return-political-c_7d46911cfb78 # Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities ## Citation Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Return Political Conversation to Principles, Not Identities." Uncommon Ground, 2017, https://uncommongroundmedia.com/political-principles-identities/. ## Source Identity - Author: Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine - Year: 2017 - Publication: Uncommon Ground - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_louis-dit-sully-christine-today-with-the-inc_513650f1c387 # Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me? ## Citation Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. Transcending Racial Divisions: Will You Stand By Me? Zer0 Books, 2021, https://www.collectiveinkbooks.com/zer0-books/our-books/transcending-racial-divisions. ## Source Identity - Author: Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine - Year: 2021 - Publication: Zer0 Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Who’s Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_louis-dit-sully-christine-whos-afraid-of-cul_91b1841f41c7 # Who’s Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation? ## Citation Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine. "Who’s Afraid Of Cultural Appropriation?" Uncommon Ground Media, 2018, https://uncommongroundmedia.com/whos-afraid-cultural-appropriation/. ## Source Identity - Author: Louis-Dit-Sully, Christine - Year: 2018 - Publication: Uncommon Ground Media - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Cultural Appropriation](../topics/cultural-appropriation.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-c-late-admissions-confessions-of_269bbc190d31 # Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative ## Citation Loury, Glenn C. Late Admissions: Confessions of a Black Conservative. W. W. Norton, 2024, https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393881349. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn C - Year: 2024 - Publication: W. W. Norton - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Moral Quandary of the Black Community - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-c-the-moral-quandary-of-the-blac_81de8d1749ac # The Moral Quandary of the Black Community ## Citation Loury, Glenn C. "The Moral Quandary of the Black Community." The Public Interest, 1985, https://www.nationalaffairs.com/public interest/detail/the-moral-quandary-of-the-black-community. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn C - Year: 1985 - Publication: The Public Interest - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427: Reparations, Part 2 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-glenn-loury-on-freakonomics-epis_7c8441e58afd # Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427: Reparations, Part 2 ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Glenn Loury on Freakonomics, Episode 427: Reparations, Part 2." Freakonomics Radio, n.d., https://freakonomics.com/podcast/reparations-part-2/. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: n.d. - Publication: Freakonomics Radio - Genre: media ## Related Topics - [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### One by One, From the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-one-by-one-from-the-inside-out-e_b84a6b09df6a # One by One, From the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America ## Citation Loury, Glenn. One by One, From the Inside Out: Essays and Reviews on Race and Responsibility in America. Free Press, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 1995 - Publication: Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race, Incarceration, and American Values - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-race-incarceration-and-american_77e6b531d19b # Race, Incarceration, and American Values ## Citation Loury, Glenn. Race, Incarceration, and American Values. MIT Press, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2008 - Publication: MIT Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racism Is An Empty Thesis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-racism-is-an-empty-thesis-2020_73e171ece013 # Racism Is An Empty Thesis ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Racism Is An Empty Thesis." Manhattan Institute: Interview, June 11, 2020. https://www.city-journal.org/racism-is-an-empty-thesis. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2020 - Publication: Manhattan Institute: Interview, June 11, 2020 - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-relations-before-transactions-a_f877c71c380a # Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Relations before Transactions: A New Paradigm for Racial Discrimination Theory." Georgia State University Law Review, 2007, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/cvandbio/Relations%20Before%20Transactions%20Loury.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2007 - Publication: Georgia State University Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of ‘Political Correctness’ and Related Phenomena, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-self-censorship-in-public-discou_f6efd2ccea59 # Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of ‘Political Correctness’ and Related Phenomena, ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Self-Censorship in Public Discourse: A Theory of ‘Political Correctness’ and Related Phenomena,." Rationality and Society, 1994, https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Glenn Loury/louryhomepage/papers/Loury%20(Politcal%20Correctness. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 1994 - Publication: Rationality and Society - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Anatomy of Racial Inequality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-the-anatomy-of-racial-inequality_5ed3acda7af6 # The Anatomy of Racial Inequality ## Citation Loury, Glenn. The Anatomy of Racial Inequality. Harvard University Press, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2002 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-the-bias-narrative-v-the-develop_669b15f7bfda # The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "The Bias Narrative v. the Development Narrative." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/bias-narrative-v-development-narrative. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-turning-the-tide-on-affirmative_fb39ef44be1c # Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Turning the Tide on Affirmative Action." The Glenn Show, 2022, https://glennloury.substack.com/p/turning-the-tide-on-affirmative-action. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2022 - Publication: The Glenn Show - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Biden gets wrong about race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-what-biden-gets-wrong-about-race_8421bc8f844a # What Biden gets wrong about race ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "What Biden gets wrong about race." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/02/americas-racial-torment-must-end/. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### When Black Lives Matter - Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-when-black-lives-matter-thoughts_0abdef5abc2d # When Black Lives Matter - Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "When Black Lives Matter - Thoughts on the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America." Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, 2020, https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-autumn-2020-issue-no-17/when-black-lives-matter---thoughts-on-the-persistence-of-racial-inequality-in-america. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2020 - Publication: Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_loury-glenn-why-does-racial-inequality-persi_6194580dfa2d # Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility ## Citation Loury, Glenn. "Why Does Racial Inequality Persist? Culture, Causation, and Responsibility." Our failure to do so is an American tragedy. It is a national, not merely a communal, disgrace., 2019, https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-0519-GL.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Loury, Glenn - Year: 2019 - Publication: Our failure to do so is an American tragedy. It is a national, not merely a communal, disgrace. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) - [Economics](../topics/economics.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_vanessa-charles-love-wilfred-reilly-what-the_0f4aa2f8546d # What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly) ## Citation Love, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly. "What the Left Gets Wrong About Black History (w/ Charles Love & Wilfred Reilly)." Uncertain Things YouTube Channel, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0SuNn-Z4ss. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles, and Wilfred Reilly - Year: 2024 - Publication: Uncertain Things YouTube Channel - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-does-anyone-really-want-to-defu_68a289b84b10 # Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police? ## Citation Love, Charles. "Does Anyone Really Want to Defund the Police?" City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/defunding-police-not-the-answer. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### False Prophets - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-false-prophets-2020_c1e4a025455b # False Prophets ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. "False Prophets." City Journal, 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/black-lives-matter. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-logic-the-truth-about-b_301ceb38437b # Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. Logic: The Truth About Blacks and the Republican Party: And Why They Need To Work Together To Improve The Party, The Black Community, And The Country. www, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2013 - Publication: www - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-race-crazy-blm-1619-and_81a0eb54095e # Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. Race Crazy: BLM, 1619, and the Progressive Racism Movement. Emancipation Books, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2021 - Publication: Emancipation Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reparations: A Well-Rounded View - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-reparations-a-well-roun_3a12357d8b83 # Reparations: A Well-Rounded View ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. "Reparations: A Well-Rounded View." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reparations-a-well-rounded-view. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2021 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-we-want-equality-how-th_4df3d9c0768c # We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. We Want Equality: How the Fight for Equality Gave Way to Preference. www, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2018 - Publication: www - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White Wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_love-charles-douglas-white-wokeness-2020_9f1d1fabf6a4 # White Wokeness ## Citation Love, Charles Douglas. "White Wokeness." City Journal., 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/white-wokeness. ## Source Identity - Author: Love, Charles Douglas - Year: 2020 - Publication: City Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_maranto-robert-a-wilfred-reilly-patrick-wolf_e52c14ed3943 # Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care? ## Citation Maranto, Robert A., Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris. "Which Police Departments Make Black Lives Matter, Which Don't, and Why Don't Most Social Scientists Care?" EDRE Working Paper Series, 2022, https://scholarworks.uark.edu/edrepub/136/. ## Source Identity - Author: Maranto, Robert A., Wilfred Reilly, Patrick Wolf, and Mattie Harris - Year: 2022 - Publication: EDRE Working Paper Series - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_marsh-vic-keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversit_47888f9a3e70 # Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm ## Citation Marsh, Vic. "Keeping It Hippocratic on Diversity: Do No Harm." Vic Marsh, 2020, https://www.vicmarsh.org/blog/2020/12/10/keeping-it-hippocratic-on-diversity-do-no-harm. ## Source Identity - Author: Marsh, Vic - Year: 2020 - Publication: Vic Marsh - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_martin-fred-in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open_131e98181842 # In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend ## Citation Martin, Fred. "In defence of Charlie Hebdo: Open letter to an American friend." Sam Sholli Blog, 2017, https://samsholli.blog/2017/09/01/in-defence-of-charlie-hebdo-open-letter-to-an-american-friend/. ## Source Identity - Author: Martin, Fred - Year: 2017 - Publication: Sam Sholli Blog - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Another bogus study dumbs down 'racism' - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mathias-josephine-another-bogus-study-dumbs_6cd56ca9aae6 # Another bogus study dumbs down 'racism' ## Citation Mathias, Josephine. "Another bogus study dumbs down 'racism'." National Post, 2019, https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-another-bogus-study-dumbs-down-racism. ## Source Identity - Author: Mathias, Josephine - Year: 2019 - Publication: National Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Vandalism doesn't save Black lives or promote reconciliation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mathias-josephine-vandalism-doesn-t-save-bla_2afad4f6652d # Vandalism doesn't save Black lives or promote reconciliation ## Citation Mathias, Josephine. "Vandalism doesn't save Black lives or promote reconciliation." National Post, 2020, https://nationalpost.com/opinion/josephine-mathias-vandalism-doesnt-save-black-lives-or-promote-reconciliation. ## Source Identity - Author: Mathias, Josephine - Year: 2020 - Publication: National Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_171774566-american-heroes-6-matthew-henson_f1dfe7a23acf # American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson ## Citation MATTHEW HENSON. "American Heroes, 6: Matthew Henson." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/american-heroes-6-matthew-henson. ## Source Identity - Author: MATTHEW HENSON - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mays-jaron-blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public_8c92e734a4a1 # BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed ## Citation Mays, Jaron. "BLM Under Heavy Fire from Public as New Tax Fillings are Exposed." Medium, 2022, https://medium.com/@jaronmays/blm-under-heavy-fire-from-public-as-new-tax-fillings-are-exposed-6e90e93a8047. ## Source Identity - Author: Mays, Jaron - Year: 2022 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mays-jeffrey-c-who-opposes-defunding-the-n-y_b1597d53c618 # Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers ## Citation Mays, Jeffrey C. "Who Opposes Defunding the N.Y.P.D.? These Black Lawmakers." New York Times., 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/10/nyregion/defund-police-nyc-council.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Mays, Jeffrey C - Year: 2020 - Publication: New York Times. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deacon King Kong - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-deacon-king-kong-2020_710cae10aedc # Deacon King Kong ## Citation McBride, James. Deacon King Kong. Riverhead Books, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 2020 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Five-Carat Soul - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-five-carat-soul-2017_5a802b13683f # Five-Carat Soul ## Citation McBride, James. Five-Carat Soul. Riverhead Books, 2017. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 2017 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Miracle at St. Anna - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-miracle-at-st-anna-2002_c5205253df1f # Miracle at St. Anna ## Citation McBride, James. Miracle at St. Anna. Riverhead Books, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 2002 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Song Yet Sung - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-song-yet-sung-2008_77dc4c67f1c9 # Song Yet Sung ## Citation McBride, James. Song Yet Sung. Riverhead Books, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 2008 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-the-color-of-water-a-black-man_b4ffd1ffdde0 # The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother ## Citation McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother. Riverhead Books, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 1995 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Good Lord Bird - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcbride-james-the-good-lord-bird-2013_c23f4d7f566f # The Good Lord Bird ## Citation McBride, James. The Good Lord Bird. Riverhead Books, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: McBride, James - Year: 2013 - Publication: Riverhead Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On Afropessimism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mccarthy-jesse-on-afropessimism-2020_ed835f546eb0 # On Afropessimism ## Citation McCarthy, Jesse. "On Afropessimism." Afropessimism, 2020, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/on-afropessimism/. ## Source Identity - Author: McCarthy, Jesse - Year: 2020 - Publication: Afropessimism - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcclain-leanita-a-foot-in-each-world-essays_b051acccb53b # A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain ## Citation McClain, Leanita. A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain. Northwestern University Press, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: McClain, Leanita - Year: 1986 - Publication: Northwestern University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcghee-heather-the-sum-of-us-what-racism-cos_a10a17159f3f # The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together ## Citation McGhee, Heather. The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together. One World, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: McGhee, Heather - Year: 2021 - Publication: One World - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Economics](../topics/economics.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchangama-jacob-free-speech-a-history-from-s_6c3eacafb53e # Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media ## Citation Mchangama, Jacob. Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media. Basic Books, 2022. ## Source Identity - Author: Mchangama, Jacob - Year: 2022 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchangama-jacob-free-speech-a-history-from-s_8a35df3d07db # Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media ## Citation Mchangama, Jacob. "Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media." Heterodox Academy, 2022, https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/free-speech-a-history-from-socrates-to-social-media/. ## Source Identity - Author: Mchangama, Jacob - Year: 2022 - Publication: Heterodox Academy - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ’An Association of Kindred Spirits’: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-an-association-of-kindred_693010a60bc2 # ’An Association of Kindred Spirits’: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms, ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. "’An Association of Kindred Spirits’: Black Readers and Their Reading Rooms,." Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 2006 - Publication: Institutions of Reading: The Social Life of Libraries in the United States - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-forgotten-readers-recoveri_0b439725de0d # Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 2002 - Publication: Durham, NC: Duke University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-rereading-literary-legacy_a7ffaa99313a # Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer, ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. "Rereading Literary Legacy: New Considerations of the Nineteenth-Century African-American Reader and Writer,." Callaloo, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 1999 - Publication: Callaloo - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers—1830-1940, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-the-literate-and-the-liter_93f15bcfdc92 # The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers—1830-1940, ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. "The Literate and the Literary: African Americans as Writers and Readers—1830-1940,." Written Communication, 1994. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 1994 - Publication: Written Communication - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-to-make-negro-literature-w_7c5fc8aaa9ca # To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. To Make Negro Literature Writing, Literary Practice, and African American Authorship. Duke Universiry Press, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 2021 - Publication: Duke Universiry Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mchenry-elizabeth-toward-a-history-of-access_309fcf265bef # Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell, ## Citation McHenry, Elizabeth. "Toward a History of Access: The Case of Mary Church Terrell,." American Literary History, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: McHenry, Elizabeth - Year: 2007 - Publication: American Literary History - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Omni-Americans - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcknight-matthew-the-omni-americans-2019_140f751dd222 # The Omni-Americans ## Citation McKnight, Matthew. "The Omni-Americans." Tablet Mag., 2019, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/the-omni-americans. ## Source Identity - Author: McKnight, Matthew - Year: 2019 - Publication: Tablet Mag. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dina McMillan profile - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_dr-dina-mcmillan-creator-of-unmasking-the-ab_edefd47dcfc3 # Dina McMillan profile ## Citation McMillan, Dina. "Dina McMillan profile." X, n.d., https://twitter.com/drdina1. ## Source Identity - Author: McMillan, Dina - Year: n.d. - Publication: X - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-all-about-the-beat-why-hip-ho_9f902f95ecb0 # All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America ## Citation McWhorter, John. All about the Beat: Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America. Gotham, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2008 - Publication: Gotham - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-antiracism-our-flawed-new-rel_0a4e5c5f2d82 # Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion." Daily Beast, 2016, https://www.thedailybeast.com/antiracism-our-flawed-new-religion. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2016 - Publication: Daily Beast - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Are all instances of blackface alike? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-are-all-instances-of-blackfac_7c9a01122138 # Are all instances of blackface alike? ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Are all instances of blackface alike?" The Atlantic, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/02/mark-herring-and-grey-zones-blackface/582355/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Blackface](../topics/blackface.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-authentically-black-essays-fo_47f12f725f31 # Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority ## Citation McWhorter, John. Authentically Black: Essays for the Black Silent Majority. Avery, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2003 - Publication: Avery - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Explaining the Black Education Gap - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-explaining-the-black-educatio_fb927437907e # Explaining the Black Education Gap ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Explaining the Black Education Gap." The Wilson Quarterly, 2000, http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/essays/explaining-black-education-gap. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2000 - Publication: The Wilson Quarterly - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How the N-Word Became Unsayable - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-how-the-n-word-became-unsayab_3e14cae81d16 # How the N-Word Became Unsayable ## Citation McWhorter, John. "How the N-Word Became Unsayable." New York Times, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/30/opinion/john-mcwhorter-n-word-unsayable.html. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It’s Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-its-time-to-end-race-based-af_c21d38f0ccb4 # It’s Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action ## Citation McWhorter, John. "It’s Time to End Race-Based Affirmative Action." New York Times., 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/opinion/affirmative-action.html. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2022 - Publication: New York Times. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-living-in-blackface-what-does_2c8c8a03a8df # Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black? ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Living in Blackface: What does it say about America that Rachel Dolezal and Jessica Krug wanted to pass as black?" Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/living-in-blackface. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2020 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White people posing as black/non-white](../topics/white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-losing-the-race-self-sabotage_a9ba3b2b51e7 # Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America ## Citation McWhorter, John. Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America. The Free Press, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2000 - Publication: The Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-nine-nasty-words-english-in-t_4d65662795ae # Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever ## Citation McWhorter, John. Nine Nasty Words: English in the Gutter: Then, Now, and Forever. 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-on-victimhood-and-culturea-re_decb34b7c77f # On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna ## Citation McWhorter, John. "On Victimhood and Culture—A Reply to Aaron Hanna." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/30/on-victimhood-and-culture-a-reply-to-aaron-hanna/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racism 2.0 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-racism-2-0-2015_0e8a51f4d81a # Racism 2.0 ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Racism 2.0." Politico, 2015, https://www.politico.eu/article/racism-2-0-atticus-finch-to-kill-a-mockingbird-watchman-harper-lee/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2015 - Publication: Politico - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-schools-must-resist-destructi_5fc7e9e3aadf # Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Schools Must Resist Destructive Anti-racist Demands." The Atlantic, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/when-antiracist-manifestos-become-antiracist-wrecking-balls/617841/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-the-1619-project-depicts-an-a_ee4344d6fd0d # The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin ## Citation McWhorter, John. "The 1619 Project Depicts an America Tainted by Original Sin." Reason, 2020, https://reason.com/2020/01/30/the-1619-project-depicts-an-america-tainted-by-original-sin/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2020 - Publication: Reason - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-the-dehumanizing-condescensio_0194b2da417d # The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility ## Citation McWhorter, John. "The Dehumanizing Condescension of White Fragility." Atlantic, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/dehumanizing-condescension-white-fragility/614146/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2020 - Publication: Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Neoracists - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-the-neoracists-2021_9b7b06290aa5 # The Neoracists ## Citation McWhorter, John. "The Neoracists." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/john-mcwhorter-the-neoracists. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-the-origins-of-the-acting-whi_37a04da4ac56 # The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge ## Citation McWhorter, John. "The Origins of the ‘Acting White’ Charge." Atlantic., 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/acting-white-charge-origins/594130/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2019 - Publication: Atlantic. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Acting white”](../topics/acting-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-the-virtue-signalers-wont-cha_30562649a312 # The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World ## Citation McWhorter, John. "The Virtue Signalers Won’t Change the World." The Atlantic, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/why-third-wave-anti-racism-dead-end/578764/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2018 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Cannot Allow ‘1619’ to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-we-cannot-allow-1619-to-dumb_141e3e4e1b17 # We Cannot Allow ‘1619’ to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade ## Citation McWhorter, John. "We Cannot Allow ‘1619’ to Dumb Down America in the Name of a Crusade." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/we-cannot-allow-1619-to-dumb-down-america-in-the-name-of-a-crusade/. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776 Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I don’t want reparations for slavery - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-why-i-dont-want-reparations-f_6dee067dc87d # Why I don’t want reparations for slavery ## Citation McWhorter, John. "Why I don’t want reparations for slavery." LATimes, 2001, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jul-15-op-22579-story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2001 - Publication: LATimes - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-winning-the-race-beyond-the-c_b7acad27aaa4 # Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America ## Citation McWhorter, John. Winning the Race: Beyond the Crisis in Black America. Gotham, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2005 - Publication: Gotham - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mcwhorter-john-woke-racism-how-a-new-religio_d748fd59869f # Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America ## Citation McWhorter, John. Woke Racism: How A New Religion Has Betrayed Black America. Portfolio / Penguin, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: McWhorter, John - Year: 2021 - Publication: Portfolio / Penguin - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_megginson-elijah-when-i-applied-to-college-i_78b747d22bba # When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’ ## Citation Megginson, Elijah. "When I Applied to College, I Didn’t Want to ‘Sell My Pain’." NYTimes, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/09/opinion/college-admissions-essays-trauma.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Megginson, Elijah - Year: 2021 - Publication: NYTimes - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_terry-meiners-featuring-dr-wilfred-reilly-dr_27a2f0598c65 # Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It ## Citation Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the End of Affirmative Action and the Logic Behind It." iHeart Podcast, 2023, https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-end-118252163/. ## Source Identity - Author: Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest - Year: 2023 - Publication: iHeart Podcast - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_terry-meiners-interviewer-dr-wilfred-reilly_bfff8457fb93 # Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes ## Citation Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest. "Dr. Wilfred Reilly on the Hype Around Fake Racial Stories and the Value of Fathers in Homes." Terry Meiners Podcast, 2023, https://www.iheart.com/podcast/66-terry-meiners-28199905/episode/dr-wilfred-reilly-on-the-hype-117529170/. ## Source Identity - Author: Meiners, Terry, host, and Wilfred Reilly, guest - Year: 2023 - Publication: Terry Meiners Podcast - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_menifield-charles-e-do-white-law-enforcement_041eedd5292d # Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? ## Citation Menifield, Charles E. Do White Law Enforcement Officers Target Minority Suspects? Public Administration Review, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Menifield, Charles E - Year: 2019 - Publication: Public Administration Review - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_152828177-how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-profe_1a98da18d8f6 # How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School ## Citation Michael Creswell. "How to Apply to Graduate and Professional School." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-apply-to-graduate-and-professional. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How to Flourish in College - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_148386996-how-to-flourish-in-college_4887fa9c761f # How to Flourish in College ## Citation Michael Creswell. "How to Flourish in College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-flourish-in-college. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How to Prepare Your Child for College - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_146888652-how-to-prepare-your-child-for-coll_a62208bc8ef7 # How to Prepare Your Child for College ## Citation Michael Creswell. "How to Prepare Your Child for College." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-to-prepare-your-child-for-college. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_82273896-how-would-black-america-fare-if-pro_9304ca03e730 # How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way? ## Citation Michael Creswell. "How Would Black America Fare if Progressives Got Their Way?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/how-would-black-america-fare-if-progressives. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_135360199-the-end-of-affirmative-action-is_94ea9c6d6c32 # The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity ## Citation Michael Creswell. "The End of Affirmative Action is an Opportunity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-end-of-affirmative-action-is. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Party that Forgot How to Win - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_162281365-the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win_f81fec0a8df4 # The Party that Forgot How to Win ## Citation Michael Creswell. "The Party that Forgot How to Win." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-party-that-forgot-how-to-win. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Forgive or Not to Forgive? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_138129172-to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive_d6769bf54865 # To Forgive or Not to Forgive? ## Citation Michael Creswell. "To Forgive or Not to Forgive?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/to-forgive-or-not-to-forgive. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_155306989-what-does-trumps-second-term-mean_e454e5578c0a # What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America? ## Citation Michael Creswell. "What Does Trump's Second Term Mean for Black America?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/what-does-trumps-second-term-mean. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_78801371-why-black-americans-should-care-mor_2ebdbb78a9b6 # Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs ## Citation Michael Creswell. "Why Black Americans Should Care More About Foreign Affairs." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-black-americans-should-care-more. ## Source Identity - Author: Michael Creswell - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An appeal to reason: An open letter to John Temple Graves - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_miller-kelly-an-appeal-to-reason-an-open-let_8e6eb321b996 # An appeal to reason: An open letter to John Temple Graves ## Citation Miller, Kelly. An appeal to reason: An open letter to John Temple Graves. Washington, D, 1906. ## Source Identity - Author: Miller, Kelly - Year: 1906 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### As to the leopard's spots: An open letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_miller-kelly-as-to-the-leopard-s-spots-an-op_ea88a06a1a6e # As to the leopard's spots: An open letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr. ## Citation Miller, Kelly. As to the leopard's spots: An open letter to Thomas Dixon, Jr. Washington, D, 1905. ## Source Identity - Author: Miller, Kelly - Year: 1905 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Education for manhood - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_miller-kelly-education-for-manhood-1913_19bce55304e6 # Education for manhood ## Citation Miller, Kelly. Education for manhood. Washington, D, 1913. ## Source Identity - Author: Miller, Kelly - Year: 1913 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Out of the House of Bondage - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_miller-kelly-out-of-the-house-of-bondage-191_8e30bf85f277 # Out of the House of Bondage ## Citation Miller, Kelly. Out of the House of Bondage. New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1914. ## Source Identity - Author: Miller, Kelly - Year: 1914 - Publication: New York: Neale Publishing Company - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The everlasting stain - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_miller-kelly-the-everlasting-stain-1924_7ee81778ae75 # The everlasting stain ## Citation Miller, Kelly. The everlasting stain. Washington, D, 1924. ## Source Identity - Author: Miller, Kelly - Year: 1924 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Price of Defunding the Police - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mock-brentin-the-price-of-defunding-the-poli_8a9f71d787ac # The Price of Defunding the Police ## Citation Mock, Brentin. "The Price of Defunding the Police." Bloomberg, 2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-14/what-it-really-means-to-divest-from-policing. ## Source Identity - Author: Mock, Brentin - Year: 2017 - Publication: Bloomberg - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### America Wasn’t Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the ‘1619 Project’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_morel-lucas-e-america-wasnt-founded-on-white_d5e009ace145 # America Wasn’t Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the ‘1619 Project’ ## Citation Morel, Lucas E. "America Wasn’t Founded on White Supremacy: A Rebuttal to the ‘1619 Project’." The American Mind, 2019, https://americanmind.org/salvo/america-wasnt-founded-on-white-supremacy/. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2019 - Publication: The American Mind - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Southern Illinois University Press, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2020 - Publication: Southern Illinois University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_morel-lucas-e-lincoln-s-sacred-effort-defini_17690e69af3d # Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government ## Citation Morel, Lucas E. Lincoln's Sacred Effort: Defining Religion's Role in American Self-Government. Lexington Books, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2000 - Publication: Lexington Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_morel-lucas-e-lincoln-the-founders-and-the-r_503131faa3bc # Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature ## Citation Morel, Lucas E. "Lincoln, The Founders, and the Rights of Human Nature." Lincoln Lore, 2019, https://www.friendsofthelincolncollection.org/lincoln-lore/lincoln-the-founders-and-the-rights-of-human-nature/. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2019 - Publication: Lincoln Lore - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Speaking the Truth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_morel-lucas-e-speaking-the-truth-2021_912654f265c3 # Speaking the Truth ## Citation Morel, Lucas E. "Speaking the Truth." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/speaking-the-truth. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2021 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_morel-lucas-e-the-new-territory-ralph-elliso_37d5f5151434 # The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century ## Citation Morel, Lucas E. The New Territory: Ralph Ellison and the Twenty-First Century. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Morel, Lucas E - Year: 2016 - Publication: University Press of Mississippi - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mosley-walter-always-outnumbered-always-outg_98800d4088fa # Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned ## Citation Mosley, Walter. Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned. 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Mosley, Walter - Year: 1997 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Down the River unto the Sea. 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Mosley, Walter - Year: 2018 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mosley-walter-futureland-nine-stories-of-an_407de38d99bd # Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World ## Citation Mosley, Walter. Futureland: Nine Stories of an Imminent World. 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Mosley, Walter - Year: 2001 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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What Next: An African American Initiative Toward World Peace. 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Mosley, Walter - Year: 2003 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_mosley-walter-workin-on-the-chain-gang-shaki_fa199f533e07 # Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History ## Citation Mosley, Walter. Workin’ on the Chain Gang: Shaking off the Dead Hand of History. 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Mosley, Walter - Year: 2000 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Joy: A counter narrative to stories we tell ourselves about strife and struggle in Black lives - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moss-kirby-black-joy-a-counter-narrative-to_f9ebfab96378 # Black Joy: A counter narrative to stories we tell ourselves about strife and struggle in Black lives ## Citation Moss, Kirby. Black Joy: A counter narrative to stories we tell ourselves about strife and struggle in Black lives. Forthcoming. ## Source Identity - Author: Moss, Kirby - Year: Forthcoming - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moss-kirby-the-color-of-class-poor-whites-an_fc1e841fd075 # The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege ## Citation Moss, Kirby. The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Moss, Kirby - Year: 2003 - Publication: University of Pennsylvania Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-dead-aid-why-aid-is-not-working_1f8ca0043a64 # Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2009 - Publication: Farrar, Straus and Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth—and How to Fix It - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-edge-of-chaos-why-democracy-is_bcabd115f72d # Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth—and How to Fix It ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. Edge of Chaos: Why Democracy Is Failing to Deliver Economic Growth—and How to Fix It. Basic Books, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2018 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly – And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-how-the-west-was-lost-fifty-yea_98b3a4626986 # How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly – And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly – And the Stark Choices that Lie Ahead. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2010 - Publication: Farrar, Straus and Giroux - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-is-aid-killing-africa-dambisa-m_a299393eed72 # Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. "Is Aid Killing Africa? Dambisa Moyo talks about Dead Aid on ABC." Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2009 - Publication: Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Aid to Africa is Not Working - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-why-aid-to-africa-is-not-workin_329377b7a51e # Why Aid to Africa is Not Working ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. "Why Aid to Africa is Not Working." University of Richmond, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4a-FZjPreg. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2009 - Publication: University of Richmond - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_moyo-dambisa-winner-take-all-china-s-race-fo_cf195ff606b5 # Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World ## Citation Moyo, Dambisa. Winner Take All: China's Race for Resources and What It Means for the World. Basic Books, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Moyo, Dambisa - Year: 2012 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-murray-talks-music-albert-murr_cd1dab29275c # Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues ## Citation Murray, Albert. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 2016 - Publication: University of Minnesota Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ). South to a Very Old Place - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-south-to-a-very-old-place-1971_a6d8be811eb3 # ). South to a Very Old Place ## Citation Murray, Albert. ). South to a Very Old Place. 1971. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1971 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stomping the Blues - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-stomping-the-blues-1976_da67b62bbe3c # Stomping the Blues ## Citation Murray, Albert. Stomping the Blues. 1976. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1976 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Blue Devils of Nada - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-the-blue-devils-of-nada-1996_4f2a5fec3295 # The Blue Devils of Nada ## Citation Murray, Albert. The Blue Devils of Nada. 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1996 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Hero and the Blues - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-the-hero-and-the-blues-1996_aaa5dd2617f7 # The Hero and the Blues ## Citation Murray, Albert. The Hero and the Blues. 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1996 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-the-united-states-is-in-actual_9be682cdc78d # The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture ## Citation Murray, Albert. The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture. Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1970. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1970 - Publication: Outerbridge & Dienstfrey - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Seven League Boots - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-the-seven-league-boots-1996_8c7455a17530 # The Seven League Boots ## Citation Murray, Albert. The Seven League Boots. 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1996 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Spyglass Tree - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-the-spyglass-tree-1991_8a58b18ccc4e # The Spyglass Tree ## Citation Murray, Albert. The Spyglass Tree. 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 1991 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_murray-albert-trading-twelves-the-selected-l_877b335b18a3 # Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray ## Citation Murray, Albert. Trading Twelves: The Selected Letters of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray. 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Murray, Albert - Year: 2001 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes and Kmele Foster - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rocs-world-mwongozi-rahmaan-roc-author-host_6a51b66eb64b # The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes and Kmele Foster ## Citation Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc), host, Coleman Hughes, and Kmele Foster, guests. "The Politics of Race: A Discussion with Coleman Hughes and Kmele Foster." Roc’s World, 2018, https://youtu.be/xoiFxmJ4fv8. ## Source Identity - Author: Mwongozi, Rahmaan (Roc), host, Coleman Hughes, and Kmele Foster, guests - Year: 2018 - Publication: Roc’s World - Genre: media ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Act Your Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_201367835-act-your-race_5298220cd53e # Act Your Race ## Citation Nafees Alam. "Act Your Race." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/act-your-race. ## Source Identity - Author: Nafees Alam - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### “Antiracism” That Erases Black History - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_186192820-antiracism-that-erases-black-histo_7a726b98f4d8 # “Antiracism” That Erases Black History ## Citation Nafees Alam. "“Antiracism” That Erases Black History." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/antiracism-that-erases-black-history. ## Source Identity - Author: Nafees Alam - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_190111832-feminisms-gains-come-with-sacrific_c0444faac3ce # Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices ## Citation Nafees Alam. "Feminism's Gains Come with Sacrifices." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/feminisms-gains-come-with-sacrifices. ## Source Identity - Author: Nafees Alam - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic' - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_176303960-from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to_ae77bcd2592a # From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic' ## Citation Nafees Alam. "From 'Masculinity Can Be Toxic' to 'Masculinity Is Toxic'." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/from-masculinity-can-be-toxic-to. ## Source Identity - Author: Nafees Alam - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_169951907-neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assump_eacc0fbec74f # Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority ## Citation Nafees Alam. "Neo-White Supremacy and the Assumption of Black/Brown Inferiority." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/neo-white-supremacy-and-the-assumption. ## Source Identity - Author: Nafees Alam - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Saviors](../topics/white-saviors.md) - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln’s Republican Party, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_nelson-sophia-a-trump-tulsa-and-the-demise-o_e14a1487dc49 # Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln’s Republican Party, ## Citation Nelson, Sophia, A. "Trump, Tulsa and the demise of Lincoln’s Republican Party,." USA Today, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/06/20/republican-name-only-trump-and-death-lincolns-party-column/3221447001/. ## Source Identity - Author: Nelson, Sophia, A - Year: 2020 - Publication: USA Today - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### marks a conservative retreat from the much-needed materialist road of anti-racist historiography. [...] The problem lies in the project’s implicit naturalization of race, a process essential to all racist thought - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_neptune-harvey-marks-a-conservative-retreat_42425466b330 # marks a conservative retreat from the much-needed materialist road of anti-racist historiography. [...] The problem lies in the project’s implicit naturalization of race, a process essential to all racist thought ## Citation Neptune, Harvey. "marks a conservative retreat from the much-needed materialist road of anti-racist historiography. [..] The problem lies in the project’s implicit naturalization of race, a process essential to all racist thought." Small Axe, 2020, http://smallaxe.net/sxlive/1619project-and-anti-racist-road-not-taken-essay-harvey-neptune. ## Source Identity - Author: Neptune, Harvey - Year: 2020 - Publication: Small Axe - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_newkirk-pamela-a-love-no-less-more-than-two_26f89c80741a # A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters ## Citation Newkirk, Pamela. A Love No Less: More Than Two Centuries of African American Love Letters. Doubleday, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Newkirk, Pamela - Year: 2003 - Publication: Doubleday - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_newkirk-pamela-diversity-inc-the-failed-prom_407716630111 # Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry ## Citation Newkirk, Pamela. Diversity, Inc.: The Failed Promise of a Billion-Dollar Industry. Bold Type Books, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Newkirk, Pamela - Year: 2019 - Publication: Bold Type Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_newkirk-pamela-letters-from-black-america-in_696da805230f # Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience ## Citation Newkirk, Pamela. Letters from Black America: Intimate Portraits of the African American Experience. Beacon Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Newkirk, Pamela - Year: 2011 - Publication: Beacon Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_newkirk-pamela-spectacle-the-astonishing-lif_40033e782687 # Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga ## Citation Newkirk, Pamela. Spectacle: The Astonishing Life of Ota Benga. HarperCollins, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Newkirk, Pamela - Year: 2016 - Publication: HarperCollins - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_newkirk-pamela-within-the-veil-black-journal_f89eb19ba2bb # Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media ## Citation Newkirk, Pamela. Within the Veil: Black Journalists, White Media. NYU Press, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Newkirk, Pamela - Year: 2000 - Publication: NYU Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_njoya-wanjiru-black-lives-matter-are-pushing_ca90c2959a88 # Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity ## Citation Njoya, Wanjiru. "Black Lives Matter are pushing division, not unity." The Critic, 2020, https://thecritic.co.uk/issues/july-august-2020/black-lives-matter-pushing-division-not-unity/. ## Source Identity - Author: Njoya, Wanjiru - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Critic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Debating the Tenets of Social Justice - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_52518978-debating-the-tenets-of-social-justi_d097a72225f4 # Debating the Tenets of Social Justice ## Citation Njoya, Wanjiru. "Debating the Tenets of Social Justice." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/debating-the-tenets-of-social-justice. ## Source Identity - Author: Njoya, Wanjiru - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_njoya-wanjiru-economic-freedom-and-social-ju_ab1fef5fe49a # Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity ## Citation Njoya, Wanjiru. Economic Freedom and Social Justice: The Classical Ideal of Equality in Contexts of Racial Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Njoya, Wanjiru - Year: 2021 - Publication: Palgrave Macmillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_noray-kadeem-earnings-dynamics-changing-job_626b89c8e1fa # Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers ## Citation Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2020, https://www.dropbox.com/s/x2hywqftxt1gvmx/STEM QJE Published.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Noray, Kadeem - Year: 2020 - Publication: Quarterly Journal of Economics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_noray-kadeem-earnings-dynamics-changing-job_d0416d864e46 # Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers ## Citation Noray, Kadeem. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM careers." Microeconomic Insights, 2021, https://microeconomicinsights.org/earnings-dynamics-changing-job-skills-and-stem-careers/. ## Source Identity - Author: Noray, Kadeem - Year: 2021 - Publication: Microeconomic Insights - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_noray-kadeem-political-corruption-and-public_fb86a9418b91 # Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis ## Citation Noray, Kadeem. "Political Corruption and Public Activism: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis." Dynamic Games and Applications, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13235-017-0214-x. ## Source Identity - Author: Noray, Kadeem - Year: 2018 - Publication: Dynamic Games and Applications - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Labor Market Value of Character Skills - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_noray-kadeem-the-labor-market-value-of-chara_5afab27f5c5e # The Labor Market Value of Character Skills ## Citation Noray, Kadeem. "The Labor Market Value of Character Skills." Minding our Workforce: The Role of Noncognitive Skills, 2021, https://www.dropbox.com/s/drgq12q23h9x1ih/Noray Value Noncog Published.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Noray, Kadeem - Year: 2021 - Publication: Minding our Workforce: The Role of Noncognitive Skills - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-great-grand_8afe33683c67 # My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader ## Citation Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader." New Yorker, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader. ## Source Identity - Author: Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne - Year: 2018 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_nwaubani-adaobi-tricia-obinne-my-nigerian-gr_d4fdda8d11b5 # My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves ## Citation Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne. "My Nigerian great-grandfather sold slaves." BBC, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53444752. ## Source Identity - Author: Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia Obinne - Year: 2020 - Publication: BBC - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Jazz Cadence of American Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_omeally-robert-g-the-jazz-cadence-of-america_20c78a5b495a # The Jazz Cadence of American Culture ## Citation O’Meally, Robert G., editor. The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. Columbia University Press, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: O’Meally, Robert G., editor - Year: 1998 - Publication: Columbia University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### History and Memory in African American Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_omeally-robert-g-history-and-memory-in-afric_066d2a6bc9cf # History and Memory in African American Culture ## Citation O’Meally, Robert G. History and Memory in African American Culture. Oxford University Press, 1994. ## Source Identity - Author: O’Meally, Robert G - Year: 1994 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_omeally-robert-g-lady-day-the-many-faces-of_176a944dba9d # Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday ## Citation O’Meally, Robert G. Lady Day: The Many Faces of Billie Holiday. Da Capo Press, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: O’Meally, Robert G - Year: 1991 - Publication: Da Capo Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Living With Music: Ralph Ellison’s Essays on Jazz - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_omeally-robert-g-living-with-music-ralph-ell_7d6e7fc1b300 # Living With Music: Ralph Ellison’s Essays on Jazz ## Citation O’Meally, Robert G. Living With Music: Ralph Ellison’s Essays on Jazz. Modern Library, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: O’Meally, Robert G - Year: 2001 - Publication: Modern Library - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Craft of Ralph Ellison - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_omeally-robert-g-the-craft-of-ralph-ellison_f90af52bce29 # The Craft of Ralph Ellison ## Citation O’Meally, Robert G. The Craft of Ralph Ellison. Harvard University Press, 1980. ## Source Identity - Author: O’Meally, Robert G - Year: 1980 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ochieng-omedi-a-ruthless-critique-of-everyth_e2da6d18e1b6 # A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism, ## Citation Ochieng, Omedi. "A Ruthless Critique of Everything Existing: Frederick Douglass and the Architectonic of African American Radicalism,." Western Journal of Communication, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Ochieng, Omedi - Year: 2011 - Publication: Western Journal of Communication - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### WEB Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ochieng-omedi-web-du-bois-and-the-imaginatio_49a3a6bbd26f # WEB Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual, ## Citation Ochieng, Omedi. "WEB Du Bois and the Imagination of the Public Intellectual,." African Journal of Rhetoric, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Ochieng, Omedi - Year: 2016 - Publication: African Journal of Rhetoric - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ogbu-john-black-americans-in-an-affluent-sub_cde521ca8e1b # Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement ## Citation Ogbu, John. Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2003. ## Source Identity - Author: Ogbu, John - Year: 2003 - Publication: Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ogbu-john-cultural-problems-in-minority-educ_e3e0914fa28d # Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background ## Citation Ogbu, John U. "Cultural Problems in Minority Education: Their Interpretations and Consequences—Part One: Theoretical Background." The Urban Review, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: Ogbu, John U. - Year: 1995 - Publication: The Urban Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antonia Okafor official website - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_antonia-okafor-antonia-okafor_7a5ec75eddff # Antonia Okafor official website ## Citation Okafor, Antonia. "Antonia Okafor official website." Antonia Okafor, n.d., https://www.antoniacover.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: Okafor, Antonia - Year: n.d. - Publication: Antonia Okafor - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I Bring My Gun to School - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_okafor-antonia-why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school_495bc4d90743 # Why I Bring My Gun to School ## Citation Okafor, Antonia. "Why I Bring My Gun to School." NYTimes, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/24/opinion/why-i-bring-my-gun-to-school.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Okafor, Antonia - Year: 2017 - Publication: NYTimes - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_oluseyi-hakeem-a-quantum-life-adapted-for-yo_224fba5b1115 # A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars ## Citation Oluseyi, Hakeem. "A Quantum Life (Adapted for Young Adults): My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars." 2022, https://g.co/kgs/7MybK7P. ## Source Identity - Author: Oluseyi, Hakeem - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_40736284-black-intellectuals-are-black-ameri_67da710bec14 # Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists ## Citation Opinion. "Black Intellectuals Are Black America's Conspiracy Theorists." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-intellectuals-are-black-americas. ## Source Identity - Author: Opinion - Year: 2021 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Beauty’s Daughter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_orlandersmith-dael-playwright-and-actress-be_85161aa061d3 # Beauty’s Daughter ## Citation Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.). Beauty’s Daughter. 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.) - Year: 2015 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Until the Flood - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_orlandersmith-dael-playwright-and-actress-un_bfbfe383012c # Until the Flood ## Citation Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.). Until the Flood. 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Orlandersmith, Dael (playwright and actress.) - Year: 2016 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Toronto Sun, 2021, https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/orlu-racism-is-real-but-that-doesnt-make-blm-right. ## Source Identity - Author: Orlu, Sonia - Year: 2021 - Publication: Toronto Sun - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_orlu-sonia-why-i-do-not-support-the-black-li_c7ed0de1e214 # Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement ## Citation Orlu, Sonia. "Why I do not support the Black Lives Matter movement." Macdonald-Laurier Institute, 2021, https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/files/pdf/20210224 Black Lives Matter Orlu COMMENTARY FWEb.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Orlu, Sonia - Year: 2021 - Publication: Macdonald-Laurier Institute - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owens-burgess-i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparatio_c87ccf890049 # I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them ## Citation Owens, Burgess. "I Didn’t Earn Slavery Reparations, and I Don’t Want Them." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/i-didnt-earn-slavery-reparations-and-i-dont-want-them-11558732429. ## Source Identity - Author: Owens, Burgess - Year: 2019 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Reparations](../topics/reparations.md) - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-a-letter-on-decolonising-the_3831a2a0ab0d # A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "A Letter on Decolonising the curriculum." Critical Quarterly, 2022, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/criq.12675. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2022 - Publication: Critical Quarterly - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antiracism Won’t Save You - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-antiracism-wont-save-you-2021_07d5907a7cdd # Antiracism Won’t Save You ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "Antiracism Won’t Save You." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/06/antiracism-wont-save-you/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-black-kids-should-study-larki_0c590f3bc4d6 # Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "Black Kids Should Study Larkin: Decolonising the curriculum is a patronising effort." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/06/black-kids-should-study-larkin/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Christianity Kills Itself - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-how-christianity-kills-itself_4223d388159c # How Christianity Kills Itself ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "How Christianity Kills Itself." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/07/how-christianity-kills-itself/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### In defence of wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-in-defence-of-wokeness-2022_45af2bba2d12 # In defence of wokeness ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "In defence of wokeness." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/03/in-defence-of-wokeness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Obsession with race tells only half a story - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-obsession-with-race-tells-onl_47849ebfad31 # Obsession with race tells only half a story ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "Obsession with race tells only half a story." The Times, 2022, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/obsession-with-race-tells-only-half-a-story-f7vm8j3n6. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2022 - Publication: The Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-please-stop-imposing-american_f7bb8ac103b7 # Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "Please Stop Imposing American Views about Race on Us." Persuasion, 2020, https://www.persuasion.community/p/please-stop-imposing-american-views. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2020 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The black saint against white guilt - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-the-black-saint-against-white_2fa2d2d80e0b # The black saint against white guilt ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "The black saint against white guilt." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/03/the-black-saint-against-white-guilt/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Godfather of Critical Race Theory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-the-godfather-of-critical-rac_4a5ae3073655 # The Godfather of Critical Race Theory ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Godfather of Critical Race Theory." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/08/anti-racism-is-an-american-dream/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The problem with white saviours - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-the-problem-with-white-saviou_3306112a75e8 # The problem with white saviours ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "The problem with white saviours." Unherd, 2021, https://unherd.com/2021/09/the-problem-with-white-saviours/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2021 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Saviors](../topics/white-saviors.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Queen saved the Commonwealth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_owolade-tomiwa-the-queen-saved-the-commonwea_0a912f7ff0f7 # The Queen saved the Commonwealth ## Citation Owolade, Tomiwa. "The Queen saved the Commonwealth." Unherd, 2022, https://unherd.com/2022/09/the-queen-saved-the-commonwealth/. ## Source Identity - Author: Owolade, Tomiwa - Year: 2022 - Publication: Unherd - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Colonialism / Decolonialism](../topics/colonialism-decolonialism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Bridge to the New Media Century - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-a-bridge-to-the-new-media-cent_8099840345cd # A Bridge to the New Media Century ## Citation Page, Clarence. A Bridge to the New Media Century. Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 2000 - Publication: Ithaca, NY: Ithaca College - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-a-dream-as-old-as-the-american_90212917b914 # ‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization ## Citation Page, Clarence. "‘A Dream as Old as the American Dream’: Embrace Black Patriotism over Victimization." 1776Unites., 2019, https://1776unites.com/essays/a-dream-as-old-as-the-american-dream-embrace-black-patriotism-over-victimization/. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 2019 - Publication: 1776Unites. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-a-foot-in-each-world-essays-an_0185e81666b6 # A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain ## Citation Page, Clarence. A Foot in Each World: Essays and Articles of Leanita McClain. Northwestern University Press, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 1986 - Publication: Northwestern University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984–2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-culture-worrier-selected-colum_12093f33e055 # Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984–2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change ## Citation Page, Clarence. Culture Worrier: Selected Columns 1984–2014: Reflections on Race, Politics and Social Change. Agate Bolden, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 2014 - Publication: Agate Bolden - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-showing-my-color-impolite-essa_6b027cdd7346 # Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity ## Citation Page, Clarence. Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity. HarperCollins, 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 1996 - Publication: HarperCollins - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Trump’s 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_page-clarence-trumps-1776-report-was-not-the_a289aa8a1a9b # Trump’s 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay ## Citation Page, Clarence. "Trump’s 1776 Report was not the only response to the 1619 Project; pragmatism is the focus of my 1776 Unites essay." Chicago Tribune, 2021, https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/clarence-page/ct-column-trump-1776-report-history-slavery-page-20210122-gabpnpb2vrfoxhzn3u636jiree-story.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Page, Clarence - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chicago Tribune - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_parham-angel-adams-dont-cancel-the-classics_ccb9347d766e # Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them ## Citation Parham, Angel Adams. "Don’t Cancel the Classics, Broaden and Diversify Them." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-cancel-the-classics-broaden-and-diversify-them-education-college-charter-school-choice-systemic-racism-diversity-and-inclusion-clt-crt-ancients-greece-rome-homer-toni-morrison-11653079858. ## Source Identity - Author: Parham, Angel Adams - Year: 2022 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Americans, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-black-americans-americans_9a36655b410e # Black Americans, ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. "Black Americans,." Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation, 2008, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/black americans.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 2008 - Publication: Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black America, state of](../topics/black-america-state-of.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-ethnic-chauvinism-the-reac_2cf9382a2938 # Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. Ethnic Chauvinism: The Reactionary Impulse. Stein & Day, 1977. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 1977 - Publication: Stein & Day - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Freedom in the Making of Western Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-freedom-in-the-making-of-w_02bc8028df34 # Freedom in the Making of Western Culture ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. Basic Books, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 1991 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Making Sense of Culture, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-making-sense-of-culture-20_66bf3d4427a3 # Making Sense of Culture, ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. "Making Sense of Culture,." Annual Review of Sociology, 2014, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043123. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 2014 - Publication: Annual Review of Sociology - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-rituals-of-blood-consequen_718cbf03e65f # Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 1998 - Publication: Civitas/Counterpoint - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-taking-culture-seriously-a_8d8a371f116f # Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration, ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. "Taking Culture Seriously: A Framework and an Afro-American Illustration,." Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress, 2001, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/takingcultureseriously.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 2001 - Publication: Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-the-cultural-matrix-unders_a54112855462 # The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. The Cultural Matrix: Understanding Black Youth. Harvard University Press, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 2015 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Culture of Sports - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-the-culture-of-sports-1418_497455739b09 # The Culture of Sports ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. "The Culture of Sports." Journal of Historical Sociology, 2011, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/patterson/files/cricket 1418.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 2011 - Publication: Journal of Historical Sociology - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_patterson-orlando-the-ordeal-of-integration_8491cbe3ac66 # The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis ## Citation Patterson, Orlando. The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America's Racial Crisis. Civitas/Counterpoint, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Patterson, Orlando - Year: 1997 - Publication: Civitas/Counterpoint - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Integration](../topics/integration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_peter-boghossian-conversations-and-street-ep_62caa38dd74d # Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos ## Citation Peter Boghossian: Conversations and Street Epistemology. "Race & Gender: Breaking Taboos." YouTube, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naJ eTN-Qzo. ## Source Identity - Author: Peter Boghossian: Conversations and Street Epistemology - Year: 2023 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_philpot-tasha-s-conservative-but-not-republi_434ddd183594 # Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans ## Citation Philpot, Tasha S. Conservative But Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans. Cambridge University Press, 2017. ## Source Identity - Author: Philpot, Tasha S - Year: 2017 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Afro-Pessimist Temptation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_pinckney-darryl-the-afro-pessimist-temptatio_93f75189cf97 # The Afro-Pessimist Temptation ## Citation Pinckney, Darryl. "The Afro-Pessimist Temptation." New York Review of Books, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2018/06/07/ta-nehisi-coates-afro-pessimist-temptation/. ## Source Identity - Author: Pinckney, Darryl - Year: 2018 - Publication: New York Review of Books - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) ## Related Entities - [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_piper-adrian-m-s-impartiality-compassion-and_d4e15305fd54 # Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination, ## Citation Piper, Adrian M. S. "Impartiality, Compassion, and Modal Imagination,." Ethics, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Piper, Adrian M. S - Year: 1991 - Publication: Ethics - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Passing for White, Passing for Black - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_piper-adrian-m-s-passing-for-white-passing-f_d0b836093f04 # Passing for White, Passing for Black ## Citation Piper, Adrian M. S. "Passing for White, Passing for Black." Transition, 1992. ## Source Identity - Author: Piper, Adrian M. S - Year: 1992 - Publication: Transition - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968-1992 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_piper-adrian-out-of-order-out-of-sight-vol-i_0dd7cce97d4b # Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968-1992 ## Citation Piper, Adrian. Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. I: Selected Writings in Meta-Art 1968-1992. MIT Press, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Piper, Adrian - Year: 1999 - Publication: MIT Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967-1992 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_piper-adrian-out-of-order-out-of-sight-vol-i_d5e072e10ae6 # Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967-1992 ## Citation Piper, Adrian. Out of Order, Out of Sight, Vol. II: Selected Writings in Art Criticism 1967-1992. MIT Press, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Piper, Adrian - Year: 1999 - Publication: MIT Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_powell-adam-clayton-jr-adam-by-adam-the-auto_d203f553e486 # Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. ## Citation Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Adam by Adam: The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 1971. ## Source Identity - Author: Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr - Year: 1971 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_powell-adam-clayton-jr-marching-blacks-an-in_7a65b8fae6de # Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man ## Citation Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. Marching Blacks, An Interpretive History of the Rise of the Black Common Man. 1945. ## Source Identity - Author: Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr - Year: 1945 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_powell-adam-clayton-jr-the-new-image-in-educ_bb89038650c6 # The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor ## Citation Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. The New Image in Education: A Prospectus for the Future by the Chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor. 1962. ## Source Identity - Author: Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr - Year: 1962 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_148287565-equity-vs-equal-protection-the-wal_c56294556a68 # Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach ## Citation Public Policy. "Equity vs. Equal Protection: The Walz Approach." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/equity-vs-equal-protection-the-walz. ## Source Identity - Author: Public Policy - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Equality and Equity (see also Disparity)](../topics/equality-and-equity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_qj-steve-robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-o_58ba68d980f3 # Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism ## Citation QJ, Steve. "Robin DiAngelo is the ‘Vanilla Ice’ of Anti-Racism." Medium, 2021, https://medium.com/illumination-curated/robin-diangelo-is-the-vanilla-ice-of-anti-racism-c163a76655f5. ## Source Identity - Author: QJ, Steve - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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"The Unspoken Evils of ‘Whiteness’." Medium, 2021, https://steveqj.medium.com/the-unspoken-evils-of-whiteness-d87d0b3c245a. ## Source Identity - Author: QJ, Steve - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### This Is the Way the N-Word Dies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_qj-steve-this-is-the-way-the-n-word-dies-202_c941cbeb04f9 # This Is the Way the N-Word Dies ## Citation QJ, Steve. "This Is the Way the N-Word Dies." Medium, 2021, https://level.medium.com/this-is-the-way-the-n-word-dies-ab51167bf9d0. ## Source Identity - Author: QJ, Steve - Year: 2021 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [N-Word](../topics/n-word.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Allies for Freedom. Blacks and John Brown - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_quarles-benjamin-arthur-allies-for-freedom-b_0208a9c0cffd # Allies for Freedom. Blacks and John Brown ## Citation Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Allies for Freedom. Blacks and John Brown. 1974. ## Source Identity - Author: Quarles, Benjamin Arthur - Year: 1974 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography. 1988. ## Source Identity - Author: Quarles, Benjamin Arthur - Year: 1988 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Frederick Douglass - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_quarles-benjamin-arthur-frederick-douglass-1_28ee96c201d8 # Frederick Douglass ## Citation Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. Frederick Douglass. 1948. ## Source Identity - Author: Quarles, Benjamin Arthur - Year: 1948 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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The Negro in the American Revolution. 1961. ## Source Identity - Author: Quarles, Benjamin Arthur - Year: 1961 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro in the Civil War - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_quarles-benjamin-arthur-the-negro-in-the-civ_4b7cd2787693 # The Negro in the Civil War ## Citation Quarles, Benjamin Arthur. The Negro in the Civil War. 1953. ## Source Identity - Author: Quarles, Benjamin Arthur - Year: 1953 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_randolph-a-philip-for-jobs-and-freedom-selec_ba2f3d5e46d2 # For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph ## Citation Randolph, A. Philip. For Jobs and Freedom: Selected Speeches and Writings of A. Philip Randolph. Edited by Kersten, Andrew and Lucander, David, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Randolph, A. Philip - Year: 2014 - Publication: Edited by Kersten, Andrew and Lucander, David - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Cops - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reaves-james-nauwood-black-cops-1991_19ee7d3e984b # Black Cops ## Citation Reaves, James Nauwood. Black Cops. Quantum Leap Publisher, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Reaves, James Nauwood - Year: 1991 - Publication: Quantum Leap Publisher - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-antiracism-a-neoliberal-alter_c42339a7298b # Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left, ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Antiracism: a neoliberal alternative to a left,." Dialectical Anthropology, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10624-017-9476-3. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2018 - Publication: Dialectical Anthropology - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-disparity-ideology-coronaviru_30b4988c58b6 # Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Disparity Ideology, Coronavirus, and the Danger of the Return of Racial Medicine." Common Dreams, 2020, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/04/04/disparity-ideology-coronavirus-and-danger-return-racial-medicine. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: Common Dreams - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whit_cb957b54ac67 # Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Du Bois and the ‘Wages of Whiteness’: What He Meant, What He Didn’t, and, Besides, It Shouldn’t Matter for Our Politics Anyway." Nonsite, 2017, https://nonsite.org/du-bois-and-the-wages-of-whiteness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2017 - Publication: Nonsite - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-how-racial-disparity-does-not_a33023c94a0a # How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "How Racial Disparity Does Not Help Make Sense of Patterns of Police Violence." Editorial, nonsite, 2016, https://nonsite.org/editorial/how-racial-disparity-does-not-help-make-sense-of-patterns-of-police-violence#foot src 1-9794. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2016 - Publication: Editorial, nonsite - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-marx-race-and-neoliberalism-2_4d51b7fe675a # Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism, ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. Marx, Race, and Neoliberalism,. New Labor Forum, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2013 - Publication: New Labor Forum - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Economics](../topics/economics.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-race-class-crisis-the-discour_0c0de18c2017 # Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents, ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Race, Class, Crisis: The Discourse of Racial Disparity and its Analytical Discontents,." Socialist Register, 2012, https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~merlinc/ReedChowkwanyunSR.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2012 - Publication: Socialist Register - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-racial-health-disparities-and_5631cb0bb117 # Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Racial Health Disparities and Covid-19 — Caution and Context." New England Journal of Medicine, 2020, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2012910. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: New England Journal of Medicine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Coronavirus / COVID-19](../topics/coronavirus-covid-19.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-reinventing-the-past-to-suit_cfcfe9f8743c # Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Reinventing the past to suit the purposes of the present." World Socialist Web Site, 2019, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/12/20/reed-d20.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: World Socialist Web Site - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-renewing-black-intellectual-h_dd0a37d3b591 # Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. Renewing Black Intellectual History: The Ideological and Material Foundations of African American Thought. Routledge, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2010 - Publication: Routledge - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-splendors-and-miseries-of-the_04a5a1ed49af # Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’ ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "Splendors and Miseries of the Antiracist ‘Left’." Nonsite.org., 2016, https://nonsite.org/splendors-and-miseries-of-the-antiracist-left-2/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2016 - Publication: Nonsite.org. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Limits of Anti-Racism, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-the-limits-of-anti-racism-200_a6fb461ebefc # The Limits of Anti-Racism, ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Limits of Anti-Racism,." Left Business Observer, 2009, https://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/Antiracism.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2009 - Publication: Left Business Observer - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Myth of Class Reductionism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-the-myth-of-class-reductionis_afbe6bec9f14 # The Myth of Class Reductionism ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Myth of Class Reductionism." New Republic, 2019, https://newrepublic.com/article/154996/myth-class-reductionism. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: New Republic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-the-surprising-cross-racial-s_cb967445427e # The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Surprising Cross-Racial Saga of Modern Wealth Inequality: Why the ‘racial wealth gap’ fails to explain economic inequality in black and white America." New Republic, 2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/158059/racial-wealth-gap-vs-racial-income-gap-modern-economic-inequality. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: New Republic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wealth gap: see also Class](../topics/wealth-gap-see-also-class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Trouble with Disparity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-disparity-20_760c9d96fe4e # The Trouble with Disparity ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The Trouble with Disparity." Nonsite.org, 2020, https://nonsite.org/the-trouble-with-disparity/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: Nonsite.org - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The trouble with uplift - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-the-trouble-with-uplift-2018_5980f355fd82 # The trouble with uplift ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. "The trouble with uplift." The Baffler, 2018, https://thebaffler.com/salvos/the-trouble-with-uplift-reed. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 2018 - Publication: The Baffler - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-adolph-jr-w-e-b-du-bois-and-american-po_c2c487f9a15d # W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line ## Citation Reed, Adolph, Jr. W. E. B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line. Oxford University Press, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Adolph, Jr - Year: 1997 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Between Obama and Coates, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-between-obama-and-coates-2018_0e6a5e421557 # Between Obama and Coates, ## Citation Reed, Touré. "Between Obama and Coates,." Catalyst, 2018, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol1/no4/between-obama-and-coates. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré - Year: 2018 - Publication: Catalyst - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-not-alms-but-opportunity-the-urba_3771311d2b49 # Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950 ## Citation Reed, Touré. Not Alms but Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910-1950. University of North Carolina Press, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré - Year: 2008 - Publication: University of North Carolina Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-toward-freedom-the-case-against-r_a0865b2a83a2 # Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism ## Citation Reed, Touré. Toward Freedom: The Case Against Race Reductionism. Verso, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré - Year: 2020 - Publication: Verso - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Liberals Separate Race from Class - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-why-liberals-separate-race-from-c_a69f6bccfa9a # Why Liberals Separate Race from Class ## Citation Reed, Touré. "Why Liberals Separate Race from Class." Jacobin, 2015, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/bernie-sanders-black-lives-matter-civil-rights-movement. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré - Year: 2015 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-f-a-liberal-moral-reckoning-cant_645d213ac9af # A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans ## Citation Reed, Touré F. "A Liberal ‘Moral Reckoning’ Can’t Solve the Problems That Plague Black Americans." Jacobin, 2020, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/11/sanders-race-black-working-class-ta-nehisi-coates. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré F - Year: 2020 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reed-toure-f-jess-la-bombalera-and-the-patho_f5750f062fbf # ‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity ## Citation Reed, Touré F. "‘Jess La Bombalera’ and the Pathologies of Racial Authenticity." Jacobin, 2020, https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/jess-la-bombalera-and-the-pathologies-of-racial-authenticity. ## Source Identity - Author: Reed, Touré F - Year: 2020 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [White people posing as black/non-white](../topics/white-people-posing-as-black-non-white.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-a-fragile-argument-review-of_7eed597ec7f6 # A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "A Fragile Argument: Review of 'White Fragility' by Robin DiAngelo." Commentary Magazine, 2020, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/white-fragility-fragile-racism-argument/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: Commentary Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-are-hate-crime-hoaxers-above_1ecbd77307f4 # Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law? ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law?" Academic Questions, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09829-x. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2019 - Publication: Academic Questions - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Hate crime](../topics/hate-crime.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-believers-gonna-believe-the-y_1eedb205b640 # Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Believers Gonna Believe: The Young American Transition From Religion to Wokeness." American Spectator, 2020, https://spectator.org/wokeness-religion-american-spectator-print-magazine/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: American Spectator - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-did-the-blm-protests-against_e637053f8646 # Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides? ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Did the BLM Protests Against the Police Lead to the 2020 Spike in Homicides?" Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/01/27/did-the-blm-protests-against-the-police-lead-to-the-2020-spike-in-homicides/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-michael-brown-the-founding-my_a72bf16b1739 # Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Michael Brown: the founding myth of Black Lives Matter." Spiked, 2020, https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/11/06/michael-brown-the-founding-myth-of-black-lives-matter/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spiked - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### No, There Is No Coming Race War - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-no-there-is-no-coming-race-wa_59309175f0a5 # No, There Is No Coming Race War ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "No, There Is No Coming Race War." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/wilfred-reilly/no-there-is-no-coming-race-war/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Commentary - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-nothing-unites-different-marg_4ff655ed79f4 # Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Nothing Unites Different Marginalized Groups: Exposing the Intersectional Hoax." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/nothing-unites-different-marginalized-groups-exposing-intersectional-hoax-opinion-1707987. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2022 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Intersectionality](../topics/intersectionality.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-slavery-does-not-define-the-b_b5befd5f4160 # Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Slavery Does Not Define the Black American Experience." 1776 Unites. https://1776unites.com/essays/wilfred-reilly-2/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: 1776 Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-sorry-new-york-times-but-amer_a8cfb2fe7e51 # Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776 ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Sorry, New York Times, But America Began in 1776." Quillette, 2020, https://quillette.com/2020/02/17/sorry-new-york-times-but-america-began-in-1776/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The 1619 False-History Project - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-the-1619-false-history-projec_26d3d7f90cda # The 1619 False-History Project ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "The 1619 False-History Project." National Review., 2022, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2022/01/24/the-1619-false-history-project/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2022 - Publication: National Review. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-the-accomplishments-of-black_cc7e16130a65 # The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "The Accomplishments of Black Conservative Thought." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/07/19/the-accomplishments-of-black-conservative-thought/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Assault on Empiricism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-the-assault-on-empiricism-202_24cfedadf0aa # The Assault on Empiricism ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "The Assault on Empiricism." Tablet Mag, 2021, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/assault-empiricism-wilfred-reilly. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Tablet Mag - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilfred-reilly-the-good-news-they-won-t-tell_a8f7ea5f7cfa # The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "The Good News They Won't Tell You About Race in America." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/race-in-america-good-news/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Commentary - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Whiteness of Wokeness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-the-whiteness-of-wokeness-202_b73be02210b7 # The Whiteness of Wokeness ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "The Whiteness of Wokeness." Commentary, 2021, https://www.commentary.org/articles/wilfred-reilly/whiteness-wokeness/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: Commentary - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Wokeness (see also Anti-racism)](../topics/wokeness.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What is Critical Race Theory, Really? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-what-is-critical-race-theory_7efe13e88f20 # What is Critical Race Theory, Really? ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "What is Critical Race Theory, Really?" City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/what-is-critical-race-theory-really. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2021 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What’s Wrong with the 1619 Project? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reilly-wilfred-whats-wrong-with-the-1619-pro_684cdced8fd4 # What’s Wrong with the 1619 Project? ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "What’s Wrong with the 1619 Project?" PragerU.com, 2020, https://youtu.be/OrqFbyTABmQ. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2020 - Publication: PragerU.com - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Thomas Sowell Matters - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilfred-reilly-why-thomas-sowell-matters-202_644dbcdbdb58 # Why Thomas Sowell Matters ## Citation Reilly, Wilfred. "Why Thomas Sowell Matters." National Review, 2023, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2023/11/why-thomas-sowell-matters/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reilly, Wilfred - Year: 2023 - Publication: National Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_renfro-gloster-herbert-life-and-works-of-phi_4541579d72ed # Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago ## Citation Renfro, Gloster Herbert. "Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago." Washington, D.C.: Robert L. Pendleton, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Renfro, Gloster Herbert - Year: 1916 - Publication: Washington, D.C.: Robert L. Pendleton - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_reynolds-barbara-i-was-a-civil-rights-activi_479305527cea # I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter ## Citation Reynolds, Barbara. "I was a civil rights activist in the 1960s. But it’s hard for me to get behind Black Lives Matter." Washington Post, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/08/24/i-was-a-civil-rights-activist-in-the-1960s-but-its-hard-for-me-to-get-behind-black-lives-matter/. ## Source Identity - Author: Reynolds, Barbara - Year: 2015 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rice-condoleezza-director-hoover-institution_1fb6b1743a60 # Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family ## Citation Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati. Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family. Crown, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati - Year: 2010 - Publication: Crown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rice-condoleezza-director-hoover-institution_f6543edc6beb # No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington ## Citation Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati. No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington. Crown, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Rice, Condoleezza (Director, Hoover Institution at Stanford University; 66th United States Secretary of State; 20th Nati - Year: 2011 - Publication: Crown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_richberg-keith-out-of-america-a-black-man-co_ccdca27c45a9 # Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa ## Citation Richberg, Keith. Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa. 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Richberg, Keith - Year: 1997 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-data-disprove-the-voter-suppre_01960f12c36e # Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "Data Disprove the ‘Voter Suppression’ Myth." WSJ, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/data-disprove-the-voter-suppression-myth-11557268819. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2019 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-good-policing-saves-black-live_199096eed741 # Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase ## Citation Riley, Jason L. Good Policing Saves Black Lives: A report by Harvard’s Roland Fryer shows that when the cops pull back, homicides increase. WSJ, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2020 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Let Them in: The Case for Open Borders - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-let-them-in-the-case-for-open_fba2cf5a8f82 # Let Them in: The Case for Open Borders ## Citation Riley, Jason L. Let Them in: The Case for Open Borders. Gotham Books, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2008 - Publication: Gotham Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-maverick-a-biography-of-thomas_d9bc6cdecf5c # Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell ## Citation Riley, Jason L. Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell. Basic Books, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-no-police-racism-isn-t-an-epid_8ef86a5a02a7 # No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic." The Wall Street Journal, 2020, https://manhattan.institute/article/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Wall Street Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-please-stop-helping-us-how-lib_40aed5da9549 # Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed ## Citation Riley, Jason L. Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed. Encounter, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2016 - Publication: Encounter - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-the-democrats-are-stuck-in-196_e75d16a2df7d # The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964 ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "The Democrats Are Stuck in 1964." WSJ., 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-democrats-are-stuck-in-1964-11617747282. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2021 - Publication: WSJ. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Predictable Consequences of ‘Defund the Police’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-the-predictable-consequences-o_984da90650ba # The Predictable Consequences of ‘Defund the Police’ ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "The Predictable Consequences of ‘Defund the Police’." WSJ, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/consequences-of-defunding-the-police-libby-schaaf-violent-crime-rate-murder-public-safety-11638915238. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2021 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-the-racial-progress-democrats_a01ae3f443bc # The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "The Racial Progress Democrats Won’t Admit." WSJ, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-racial-progress-democrats-atlanta-georgia-speech-biden-vote-suppression-black-minority-voter-turnout-11642539202. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2022 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Voting / Voter Suppression](../topics/voting-voter-suppression.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_riley-jason-l-thomas-sowell-has-been-right-f_787b79b77ed5 # Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start ## Citation Riley, Jason L. "Thomas Sowell Has Been Right From the Start." WSJ/City Journal, 2020, https://www.manhattan-institute.org/thomas-sowell-has-been-right-from-the-start. ## Source Identity - Author: Riley, Jason L - Year: 2020 - Publication: WSJ/City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_robinson-calvin-the-new-age-of-empire-how-ra_4a765babfcb3 # The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World ## Citation Robinson, Calvin. "The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World." Weekly Standard, 2021, https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/books/the-new-age-of-empire-how-racism-and-colonialism-still-rule-the-world-by-kehinde-andrews-review-b918442.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Robinson, Calvin - Year: 2021 - Publication: Weekly Standard - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_robinson-calvin-why-do-progressives-think-it_2caf9dcb027d # Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right? ## Citation Robinson, Calvin. "Why do progressives think it's acceptable to abuse ethnic minorities on the Right?" The Telegraph, 2021, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/08/17/fury-racism-against-ethnic-minorities-right/. ## Source Identity - Author: Robinson, Calvin - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Telegraph - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_robinson-cedric-j-black-marxism-the-making-o_4cb6ad42cbe2 # Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition ## Citation Robinson, Cedric J. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Zed Press, 1983. ## Source Identity - Author: Robinson, Cedric J - Year: 1983 - Publication: Zed Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_robinson-robert-black-on-red-my-44-years-ins_fe7ed27d937c # Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography ## Citation Robinson, Robert, and Jonathan Slevin. Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union: An Autobiography. Acropolis Books, 1988. ## Source Identity - Author: Robinson, Robert, and Jonathan Slevin - Year: 1988 - Publication: Acropolis Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Robert Robinson (1906-1994) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_robinson-robert-robert-robinson-1906-1994-20_545aaac847c2 # Robert Robinson (1906-1994) ## Citation Robinson, Robert. "Robert Robinson (1906-1994)." BlackPast, 2018, https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/robinson-robert-1906-1994/. ## Source Identity - Author: Robinson, Robert - Year: 2018 - Publication: BlackPast - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Thirteenth Amendment; Slavery)](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Oreo - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ross-fran-oreo-1974_5b469f79cb43 # Oreo ## Citation Ross, Fran. Oreo. Northeastern University Press, 1974. ## Source Identity - Author: Ross, Fran - Year: 1974 - Publication: Northeastern University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Calling in the Calling Out Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ross-loretta-j-calling-in-the-calling-out-cu_a63b712ff038 # Calling in the Calling Out Culture ## Citation Ross, Loretta J. Calling in the Calling Out Culture. Forthcoming. ## Source Identity - Author: Ross, Loretta J - Year: Forthcoming - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](../topics/cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ross-loretta-j-im-a-black-feminist-i-think-c_d023432685fa # I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic ## Citation Ross, Loretta J. "I’m a Black Feminist. I Think Call-Out Culture Is Toxic." New York Times, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/17/opinion/sunday/cancel-culture-call-out.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Ross, Loretta J - Year: 2019 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](../topics/cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Vision of Black Success - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-a-vision-of-black-success-2022_70051c852ea3 # A Vision of Black Success ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "A Vision of Black Success." Acton Institute, 2022, https://www.acton.org/religion-liberty/volume-35-number-3/vision-black-success. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2022 - Publication: Acton Institute - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Economics](../topics/economics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-critical-race-theory-distracts-from_9fb8124995b9 # Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-heres-why-all-students-need-agency_73d9c2e9b4c5 # Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’ ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "Here’s why all students need agency rather than ‘equity’." New York Post, 2022, https://nypost.com/2022/06/04/heres-why-all-students-need-agency-rather-than-equity/. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2022 - Publication: New York Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-measure-what-matters-family-structu_592e997af916 # Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "Measure what matters: Family Structure and Student Outcomes." How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow’s Schools, 2020, https://www.aei.org/articles/measure-what-matters/. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow’s Schools - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-sorry-harvard-fathers-still-matter_783a3343764d # Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "Sorry, Harvard, fathers still matter — including Black fathers." USA Today, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/06/17/single-moms-great-families-dads-better/7705997002/. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2021 - Publication: USA Today - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-the-1619-project-perpetuates-the-so_fb93c6078b70 # The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "The 1619 Project perpetuates the soft bigotry of low expectations." Thomas Fordham Institute, February 18, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/1619-project-perpetuates-soft-bigotry-low-expectations. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: Thomas Fordham Institute, February 18, 2020 - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Power of Personal Agency - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-the-power-of-personal-agency-2020_dba5f9c5f693 # The Power of Personal Agency ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "The Power of Personal Agency." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-personal-agency-11592770867. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The power of the two-parent home is not a myth - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-the-power-of-the-two-parent-home-is_ecdbbb28abad # The power of the two-parent home is not a myth ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "The power of the two-parent home is not a myth." Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/power-two-parent-home-not-myth. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: Thomas Fordham Institute, January 8, 2020 - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-the-soft-bigotry-of-anti-racist-exp_2178d2e1cf9b # The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "The soft bigotry of anti-racist expectations is damaging to Black and white kids alike." USA Today, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/12/06/anti-racism-lowering-expectations-education-just-form-soft-bigotry-column/6410954002/. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: USA Today - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Unwelcome Success of Charter Schools - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rowe-ian-the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-sc_32ab79fa2a08 # The Unwelcome Success of Charter Schools ## Citation Rowe, Ian. "The Unwelcome Success of Charter Schools." Law & Liberty, 2020, https://lawliberty.org/book-review/the-unwelcome-success-of-charter-schools/. ## Source Identity - Author: Rowe, Ian - Year: 2020 - Publication: Law & Liberty - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ​​I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's life in letters - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rustin-bayard-i-must-resist-bayard-rustin-s_7965decc56db # ​​I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's life in letters ## Citation Rustin, Bayard. ​​I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin's life in letters. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Rustin, Bayard - Year: 2012 - Publication: San Francisco: City Lights Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_rustin-bayard-time-on-two-crosses-the-collec_a277d3e00482 # Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin ## Citation Rustin, Bayard. Time on Two Crosses: The Collected Writings of Bayard Rustin. Cleis, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Rustin, Bayard - Year: 2014 - Publication: Cleis - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### America Isn’t Just Where I Live. It’s My Home - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sailor-angela-america-isnt-just-where-i-live_5d0b327674f1 # America Isn’t Just Where I Live. It’s My Home ## Citation Sailor, Angela. "America Isn’t Just Where I Live. It’s My Home." Heritage Foundation, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/conservatism/commentary/america-isnt-just-where-i-live-its-my-home. ## Source Identity - Author: Sailor, Angela - Year: 2019 - Publication: Heritage Foundation - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_salem-center-for-policy-woke-ademia-with-wil_a5b3d13f35fe # Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Salem Center for Policy. "Woke-ademia with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVL4 UxVTBA. ## Source Identity - Author: Salem Center for Policy - Year: 2022 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Don’t Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sanneh-kelefa-dont-be-like-that-does-black-c_b448b2ee0561 # Don’t Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?, ## Citation Sanneh, Kelefa. "Don’t Be Like That: Does black culture need to be reformed?,." The New Yorker, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/09/dont-like. ## Source Identity - Author: Sanneh, Kelefa - Year: 2015 - Publication: The New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Is Gentrification Really a Problem? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sanneh-kelefa-is-gentrification-really-a-pro_ac8a124c1865 # Is Gentrification Really a Problem? ## Citation Sanneh, Kelefa. "Is Gentrification Really a Problem?" New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/11/is-gentrification-really-a-problem. ## Source Identity - Author: Sanneh, Kelefa - Year: 2016 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Gentrification](../topics/gentrification.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Fight to Redefine Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sanneh-kelefa-the-fight-to-redefine-racism-2_947a8f8d6ff8 # The Fight to Redefine Racism ## Citation Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Fight to Redefine Racism." Stamped from the Beginning, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/08/19/the-fight-to-redefine-racism. ## Source Identity - Author: Sanneh, Kelefa - Year: 2019 - Publication: Stamped from the Beginning - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Limits of Diversity, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sanneh-kelefa-the-limits-of-diversity-2017_524326c4995c # The Limits of Diversity, ## Citation Sanneh, Kelefa. "The Limits of Diversity,." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/09/the-limits-of-diversity. ## Source Identity - Author: Sanneh, Kelefa - Year: 2017 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Untangling the Immigration Debate, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sanneh-kelefa-untangling-the-immigration-deb_755de0b5cadf # Untangling the Immigration Debate, ## Citation Sanneh, Kelefa. "Untangling the Immigration Debate,." The New Yorker, 2016, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/31/untangling-the-immigration-debate. ## Source Identity - Author: Sanneh, Kelefa - Year: 2016 - Publication: The New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Immigration](../topics/immigration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scarborough-william-sanders-the-autobiograph_c945e6ef0780 # The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship ## Citation Scarborough, William Sanders. The Autobiography of William Sanders Scarborough: An American Journey from Slavery to Scholarship. Wayne State University Press, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Scarborough, William Sanders - Year: 2004 - Publication: Wayne State University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scarborough-william-sanders-the-works-of-wil_7d656eaa4725 # The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader ## Citation Scarborough, William Sanders. The Works of William Sanders Scarborough: Black Classicist and Race Leader. Oxford University Press, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Scarborough, William Sanders - Year: 2006 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black No More - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_schuyler-george-black-no-more-1931_039858bed8c6 # Black No More ## Citation Schuyler, George. Black No More. 1931. ## Source Identity - Author: Schuyler, George - Year: 1931 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-bad-history-and-worse-so_88bdbf660075 # ‘Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth’ ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. "‘Bad History and Worse Social Science Have Replaced Truth’." Chronicle of Higher Education, 2021, https://www.chronicle.com/article/bad-history-and-worse-social-science-have-replaced-truth. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: Chronicle of Higher Education - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-carter-g-woodsons-appeal_5681785d07b5 # Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition. by Woodson, Carter G, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2008 - Publication: by Woodson, Carter G - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880-1996 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-contempt-and-pity-social_d6c34ef3b43a # Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880-1996 ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. Contempt and Pity: Social Policy and the Image of the Damaged Black Psyche, 1880-1996. University of North Carolina Press, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 1997 - Publication: University of North Carolina Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-how-black-nationalism-be_c6e1fffc89d5 # How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. "How Black Nationalism Became Sui Generis." Fire!!!, 2012, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/fire.1.2.0006. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2012 - Publication: Fire!!! - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Nationalism](../topics/black-nationalism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Mis-Education of the Negro - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-mis-education-of-the-neg_e4c7d29a4d38 # Mis-Education of the Negro ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. Mis-Education of the Negro. by Woodson, Carter G, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2005 - Publication: by Woodson, Carter G - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Negro in Sports - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-the-negro-in-sports-2014_ada7bba64fd8 # The Negro in Sports ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. The Negro in Sports. by Henderson, Edwin Bancroft with an Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony, 2014. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2014 - Publication: by Henderson, Edwin Bancroft with an Introduction by Gilmore, Al-Tony - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Scandal of Thirteentherism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_scott-daryl-michael-the-scandal-of-thirteent_d6fe2459f8b1 # The Scandal of Thirteentherism ## Citation Scott, Daryl Michael. The Scandal of Thirteentherism. Liberties, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Scott, Daryl Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: Liberties - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) - [Thirteenth Amendment](../topics/thirteenth-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-an-overlooked-classic-about-the_5c090024a8b4 # An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race, ## Citation Senna, Danzy. "An Overlooked Classic About the Comedy of Race,." New Yorker, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/an-overlooked-classic-about-the-comedy-of-race. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 2015 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Caucasia - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-caucasia-1998_ffd5614a599e # Caucasia ## Citation Senna, Danzy. Caucasia. Riverhead, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 1998 - Publication: Riverhead - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-george-schuyler-an-afrofuturist_bc169f7f2a33 # George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time, ## Citation Senna, Danzy. "George Schuyler: An Afrofuturist Before His Time,." NYRB, 2018, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/01/19/george-schuyler-an-afrofuturist-before-his-time/. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 2018 - Publication: NYRB - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Symptomatic - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-symptomatic-2004_8751e97dd403 # Symptomatic ## Citation Senna, Danzy. Symptomatic. 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 2004 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-where-did-you-sleep-last-night-a_8768eac5bdbd # Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History ## Citation Senna, Danzy. Where Did You Sleep Last Night?: A Personal History. 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 2009 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### You Are Free: Short stories - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_senna-danzy-you-are-free-short-stories-2011_48435d342ad3 # You Are Free: Short stories ## Citation Senna, Danzy. You Are Free: Short stories. 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Senna, Danzy - Year: 2011 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sewell-tony-statement-from-the-commission-on_44a7f3afe2b3 # Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities ## Citation Sewell, Tony. "Statement from the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities." GOV.UK, 2021, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities-statement. ## Source Identity - Author: Sewell, Tony - Year: 2021 - Publication: GOV.UK - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sey-samuel-do-not-grow-weary-of-rejecting-cr_5d81d3dca586 # Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory ## Citation Sey, Samuel. "Do Not Grow Weary of Rejecting Critical Race Theory." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/do-not-grow-weary-rejecting-critical-race-theory/. ## Source Identity - Author: Sey, Samuel - Year: 2020 - Publication: Slow To Write - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How to Be A Racist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sey-samuel-how-to-be-a-racist-2020_ec146fb83ab5 # How to Be A Racist ## Citation Sey, Samuel. "How to Be A Racist." Slow To Write, 2020, https://slowtowrite.com/how-to-be-a-racist/. ## Source Identity - Author: Sey, Samuel - Year: 2020 - Publication: Slow To Write - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shelby-tommie-to-shape-a-new-world-essays-on_cb97b50526e9 # To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. ## Citation Shelby, Tommie. To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Shelby, Tommie - Year: 2018 - Publication: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Afro-American Women Writers. 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shockley-ann-allen-afro-american-women-write_0f03b7b217da # Afro-American Women Writers. 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide ## Citation Shockley, Ann Allen. Afro-American Women Writers. 1746-1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide. New Haven, CT: Meridian Books, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Shockley, Ann Allen - Year: 1989 - Publication: New Haven, CT: Meridian Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shockley-ann-allen-living-black-american-aut_d1bcbafab558 # Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory ## Citation Shockley, Ann Allen. Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory. 1973. ## Source Identity - Author: Shockley, Ann Allen - Year: 1973 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Say Jesus and Come to Me - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shockley-ann-allen-say-jesus-and-come-to-me_a1ec32189d26 # Say Jesus and Come to Me ## Citation Shockley, Ann Allen. Say Jesus and Come to Me. 1982. ## Source Identity - Author: Shockley, Ann Allen - Year: 1982 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black and White of It - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shockley-ann-allen-the-black-and-white-of-it_bb75b3ec4c54 # The Black and White of It ## Citation Shockley, Ann Allen. The Black and White of It. 1980. ## Source Identity - Author: Shockley, Ann Allen - Year: 1980 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shockley-ann-allen-the-black-lesbian-in-amer_3d67d6199205 # The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview, ## Citation Shockley, Ann Allen. The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview,. Home girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, 1983. ## Source Identity - Author: Shockley, Ann Allen - Year: 1983 - Publication: Home girls: A Black Feminist Anthology - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shufutinsky-brandy-black-americans-for-inclu_bcfa825d87ac # Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black Americans for Inclusive Ethnic Studies." Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies, 2024, https://www.calethstudies.org/ethnic-studies-black-americans-for-inclusive-ethnic-studies. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2024 - Publication: Alliance for Constructive Ethnic Studies - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shufutinsky-brandy-black-history-os-unique-a_d66c59501f18 # Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Black history os unique and can’t be hijacked." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-history-is-unique-it-cant-be-hijacked/. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2020 - Publication: Times of Israel - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shufutinsky-brandy-ethnic-studies-should-be_a6e03bc47d95 # Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Ethnic studies should be honest and balanced, not ideological and divisive." Orange County Register, 2021, https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/13/ethnic-studies-should-be-honest-and-balanced-not-ideological-and-divisive/. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2021 - Publication: Orange County Register - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### \"I Am Not Your Negro\" - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_100491136-i-am-not-your-negro_af7b53f17cb3 # "I Am Not Your Negro" ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. ""I Am Not Your Negro"." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/i-am-not-your-negro. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stop Co-opting our struggle - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shufutinsky-brandy-stop-co-opting-our-strugg_bb5520584bf3 # Stop Co-opting our struggle ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Co-opting our struggle." Times of Israel, 2019, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/stop-co-opting-our-struggle/. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2019 - Publication: Times of Israel - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_shufutinsky-brandy-stop-dividing-children-by_755272504085 # Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive ## Citation Shufutinsky, Brandy. "Stop Dividing Children By Race. It's Harmful and Divisive." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/stop-dividing-children-race-its-harmful-divisive-opinion-1653608. ## Source Identity - Author: Shufutinsky, Brandy - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### An old way to be an antiracist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-an-old-way-to-be-an_1e000d5d04ad # An old way to be an antiracist ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "An old way to be an antiracist." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/an-old-way-to-be-antiracist. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: Mustard Seeds/Substack. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-anti-racecraft-vs-co_ec5f0f90e9e4 # Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Anti-racecraft vs. Colorblind Racism." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/anti-racecraft-vs-colorblind-racism. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: Mustard Seeds/Substack. - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How do we make sure that Black students matter? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-how-do-we-make-sure_b8c5425ad91d # How do we make sure that Black students matter? ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "How do we make sure that Black students matter?" Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2020, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/how-do-we-make-sure-that-black-students. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2020 - Publication: Mustard Seeds/Substack. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-im-black-and-afraid_135ec24924cc # I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "I’m Black and Afraid of ‘White Fragility’: Robin DiAngelo's corporate-friendly anti-racist screed actually reinforces racist beliefs." The Bellows, 2020, https://www.thebellows.org/im-black-and-afraid-of-white-fragility/. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Bellows - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-racism-and-responsib_1efee315dff7 # Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’ ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism and Responsibilization in ‘White Fragility’." Class Unity, 2020, https://classunity.org/racism-and-responsibilization-in-white-fragility/. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2020 - Publication: Class Unity - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racism is no illusion. ‘Racecraft’ is - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-racism-is-no-illusio_6fce25ff8972 # Racism is no illusion. ‘Racecraft’ is ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Racism is no illusion. ‘Racecraft’ is." The Third Rail, 2021, https://thethirdrail.substack.com/p/racism-is-no-illusion-racecraft-is. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Third Rail - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_simmons-cedrick-michael-toure-reed-and-the-l_c32a483ef511 # Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism ## Citation Simmons, Cedrick-Michael. "Toure Reed and the limits of structural racism." Mustard Seeds/Substack., 2021, https://cedrickmichael.substack.com/p/toure-reed-and-the-limits-of-structural. ## Source Identity - Author: Simmons, Cedrick-Michael - Year: 2021 - Publication: Mustard Seeds/Substack. - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Twitter Thread on Research-Based Solutions to Stop Police Violence - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sinyangwe-samuel-twitter-thread-on-research_7cc04ad1171e # Twitter Thread on Research-Based Solutions to Stop Police Violence ## Citation Sinyangwe, Samuel. "Twitter Thread on Research-Based Solutions to Stop Police Violence." X, 2019, https://twitter.com/samswey/status/1180655701271732224. ## Source Identity - Author: Sinyangwe, Samuel - Year: 2019 - Publication: X - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-barbara-editor-home-girls-a-black-femi_9e1cea3262f1 # Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology ## Citation Smith, Barbara, editor. Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. Rutgers University Press, 2000, https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9780813527536. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Barbara, editor - Year: 2000 - Publication: Rutgers University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-david-lionel-huck-jim-and-american-rac_2d11c5e5ae3b # Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse ## Citation Smith, David Lionel. "Huck, Jim, and American Racial Discourse." Mark Twain Journal,, 1984. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, David Lionel - Year: 1984 - Publication: Mark Twain Journal, - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-a-critique-of-anti-racism-in-rhet_972d61f7e0f7 # A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment ## Citation Smith, Erec. A Critique of Anti-racism in Rhetoric and Composition: The Semblance of Empowerment. Lexington Books, 2020. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2020 - Publication: Lexington Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_49095523-everythings-gonna-be-all-white-is_d6aa04b892a1 # 'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People ## Citation Smith, Erec. "'Everything’s Gonna Be All White' is an Embarrassment for Black People." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/everythings-gonna-be-all-white-is. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_123402549-foreword-to-letters-in-black-and_02fb82d60eeb # Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Foreword to LETTERS IN BLACK AND WHITE." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/foreword-to-letters-in-black-and. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Free Black Thought: A Manifesto - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-free-black-thought-a-manifesto-20_5b313b58e474 # Free Black Thought: A Manifesto ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Free Black Thought: A Manifesto." Persuasion, 2021, https://www.persuasion.community/p/free-black-thought-a-manifesto. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2021 - Publication: Persuasion - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-institutional-racism-consider-a-n_fd717782a18c # Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Institutional racism: Consider a neutrality of culpability." Knox News, 2016, https://amp.knoxnews.com/amp/80792474. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2016 - Publication: Knox News - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-2_ab793a11648b # ‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’ ## Citation Smith, Erec. "‘Skin-folk’ aren’t always ‘kin-folk’." Penn Live, 2020, https://www.pennlive.com/opinion/2020/08/skin-folk-arent-always-kin-folk-opinion.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2020 - Publication: Penn Live - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Impact of DEI on College Campuses - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_142433545-the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campu_57ac6ff144d7 # The Impact of DEI on College Campuses ## Citation Smith, Erec. "The Impact of DEI on College Campuses." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-impact-of-dei-on-college-campuses. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Loss of the Black Individual - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-the-loss-of-the-black-individual_bed556724633 # The Loss of the Black Individual ## Citation Smith, Erec. "The Loss of the Black Individual." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/12/the-loss-of-the-black-individual/. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2020 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-they-dont-speak-for-me-the-need-f_4c1ffe0ab97b # They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond ## Citation Smith, Erec. "They Don’t Speak for Me: The need for free black thought in academia—and beyond." City Journal, 2021, https://www.city-journal.org/african-american-viewpoint-diversity-in-academia. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2021 - Publication: City Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Towards Practical Empowerment - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-towards-practical-empowerment-202_62c2c87d63eb # Towards Practical Empowerment ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Towards Practical Empowerment." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/02/19/towards-practical-empowerment/. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Uncanceling the Canceled - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_192626509-uncanceling-the-canceled_e1340d559209 # Uncanceling the Canceled ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Uncanceling the Canceled." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uncanceling-the-canceled. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) - [Cancel Culture (see also Free speech)](../topics/cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Virtue racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-virtue-racism-2020_db9238320ac0 # Virtue racism ## Citation Smith, Erec. "Virtue racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/11/18/virtue-racism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2020 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-erec-when-anti-racism-is-just-more-rac_4dad3fcd19c7 # When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools ## Citation Smith, Erec. "When anti-racism is just more racism: Yes, a form of CRT is being taught in schools." York Daily Record, 2021, https://www.ydr.com/story/opinion/2021/10/21/yes-form-crt-being-taught-our-schools-opinion/6116736001/. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Erec - Year: 2021 - Publication: York Daily Record - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Works of James McCune Smith : Black Intellectual and Abolitionist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-james-mccune-the-works-of-james-mccune_6fe02b994d42 # The Works of James McCune Smith : Black Intellectual and Abolitionist ## Citation Smith, James McCune. The Works of James McCune Smith : Black Intellectual and Abolitionist. Oxford University Press, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, James McCune - Year: 2006 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let’s be rational about the risk children face in American schools - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-melissa-why-do-we-fixate-on-school-sho_e3b282d789a7 # Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let’s be rational about the risk children face in American schools ## Citation Smith, Melissa. "Why Do We Fixate on School Shootings? Let’s be rational about the risk children face in American schools." Medium, 2022, https://medium.com/@melissasmith 50058/why-do-we-fixate-on-school-shootings-d57da6f84b51. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Melissa - Year: 2022 - Publication: Medium - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-preston-h-ii-racial-democracy-and-the_c937815d97ac # Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago ## Citation Smith, Preston H., II. Racial Democracy and the Black Metropolis: Housing Policy in Postwar Chicago. University of Minnesota Press, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Preston H., II - Year: 2012 - Publication: University of Minnesota Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-preston-h-ii-self-help-black-conservat_2820ae1c9314 # Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism, ## Citation Smith, Preston H., II. "Self-Help, Black Conservatives, and the Reemergence of Black Privatism,." Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Preston H., II - Year: 1999 - Publication: Without Justice For All: The New Liberalism and Our Retreat from Racial Equality - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-preston-h-ii-the-quest-for-racial-demo_a9577930d282 # The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago ## Citation Smith, Preston H., II. "The Quest for Racial Democracy: Black Civic Ideology and Housing Interests in Postwar Chicago." Journal of Urban History, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Preston H., II - Year: 2000 - Publication: Journal of Urban History - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Which Black Lives Matter? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-preston-h-ii-which-black-lives-matter_d0a605019330 # Which Black Lives Matter? ## Citation Smith, Preston H., II. "Which Black Lives Matter?" Catalyst, 2020, https://catalyst-journal.com/vol4/no3/which-black-lives-matter. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Preston H., II - Year: 2020 - Publication: Catalyst - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Class: see also Wealth gap](../topics/class.md) - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_smith-zadie-getting-in-and-out-who-owns-blac_ca2b52053933 # Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain? ## Citation Smith, Zadie. "Getting In and Out: Who owns black pain?" The New Yorker, 2017, https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/. ## Source Identity - Author: Smith, Zadie - Year: 2017 - Publication: The New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-a-conflict-of-visions-the-ideo_d9fadc7e0201 # A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. A Conflict of Visions: The Ideological Origins of Political Struggles. New York: Basic Books, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2007 - Publication: New York: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Personal Odyssey - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-a-personal-odyssey-2000_e331d8c051e3 # A Personal Odyssey ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. A Personal Odyssey. New York: Free Press, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2000 - Publication: New York: Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-affirmative-action-around-the_4198e77a9eb5 # Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2004 - Publication: New Haven: Yale University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-affirmative-action-reconsidere_eadc120cda1a # Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia? ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. "Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was It Necessary in Academia?" American Enterprise Institute, 1975, https://onesearch.northeastern.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9952336466001401/01NEU INST:NUL. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 1975 - Publication: American Enterprise Institute - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Rednecks and White Liberals - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-black-rednecks-and-white-liber_a7c48a30faa7 # Black Rednecks and White Liberals ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Black Rednecks and White Liberals. New York: Encounter Books, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2005 - Publication: New York: Encounter Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-civil-rights-rhetoric-or-reali_275c439ac992 # Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1984. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 1984 - Publication: New York: William Morrow & Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Discrimination and Disparities - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-discrimination-and-disparities_0342954bb1ea # Discrimination and Disparities ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Discrimination and Disparities. Basic Books, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2019 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-inside-american-education-the_1a351f363600 # Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas. The Free Press, 1993. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 1993 - Publication: The Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Academia](../topics/academia.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Intellectuals and Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-intellectuals-and-race-2013_ce4c8e828317 # Intellectuals and Race ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Intellectuals and Race. New York: Basic Books, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2013 - Publication: New York: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Preferential Policies: An International Perspective - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-preferential-policies-an-inter_88198a1f9200 # Preferential Policies: An International Perspective ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Preferential Policies: An International Perspective. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1990. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 1990 - Publication: New York: William Morrow & Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Social Justice Fallacies - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-social-justice-fallacies-2023_620ce32e4b46 # Social Justice Fallacies ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Social Justice Fallacies. Basic Books, 2023, https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/thomas-sowell/social-justice-fallacies/9781541603929/?lens=basic-books. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2023 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Dumbest Idea - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-the-dumbest-idea-2016_179ef1ee4133 # The Dumbest Idea ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. "The Dumbest Idea." National review, 2016, https://www.nationalreview.com/2016/07/sowell-stupid-idea-equal-representation/. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2016 - Publication: National review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Great Gun Control Fallacy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-the-great-gun-control-fallacy_4b2cc745c72a # The Great Gun Control Fallacy ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. "The Great Gun Control Fallacy." The Guardian, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/dec/18/great-gun-control-fallacy-thomas-sowell. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2012 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Guns/2nd Amendment](../topics/guns-2nd-amendment.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_sowell-thomas-the-vision-of-the-anointed-sel_6cf377c16ea3 # The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. The Vision of the Anointed: Self-Congratulation as a Basis for Social Policy. New York: Basic Books, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 1995 - Publication: New York: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Thomas Sowell Reader - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-sowell-thomas-sowell-reader-2011_0f1091ad0ffd # Thomas Sowell Reader ## Citation Sowell, Thomas. Thomas Sowell Reader. Basic Books, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Sowell, Thomas - Year: 2011 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Art, Dialogue, and Outrage - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_soyinka-yole-art-dialogue-and-outrage-1988_be0fa934dc32 # Art, Dialogue, and Outrage ## Citation Soyinka, Wole. Art, Dialogue, and Outrage. 1988. ## Source Identity - Author: Soyinka, Wole - Year: 1988 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Myth, Literature, and the African World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_soyinka-yole-myth-literature-and-the-african_9e0b320f1ffc # Myth, Literature, and the African World ## Citation Soyinka, Wole. Myth, Literature, and the African World. Cambridge University Press, 1976. ## Source Identity - Author: Soyinka, Wole - Year: 1976 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_speaks-angie-johnny-depp-s-victory-is-a-crac_542cbf1b045a # Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism ## Citation Speaks, Angie. "Johnny Depp's Victory Is a Crack in the Moral Armor of Liberal Feminism." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/johnny-depps-victory-crack-moral-armor-liberal-feminism-opinion-1712437. ## Source Identity - Author: Speaks, Angie - Year: 2022 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_spiked-the-myth-of-america-s-race-war-with-w_1a011cb02039 # The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly ## Citation Spiked. "The Myth of America's Race War, with Wilfred Reilly." YouTube, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9U9NwZPEKA. ## Source Identity - Author: Spiked - Year: 2021 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-black-men-in-my-generation-mu_3370dd3c11a4 # Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family ## Citation Squires, Delano. "Black men in my generation must lead the battle against RadFems, BLM, and the groups out to destroy the nuclear family." The Blaze, 2021, https://www.theblaze.com/fearless/oped/squires-black-men-in-my-generation-must-lead-the-battle-against-radfems-blm-and-the-groups-out-to-destroy-the-nuclear-family. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Blaze - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_148974042-cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-pol_36d2592d6ae1 # Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics ## Citation Squires, Delano. "Cat-Eating Haitians and Broken Politics." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/cat-eating-haitians-and-broken-politics. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-dear-democrats-stop-treating_9ed0781e27ff # Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes ## Citation Squires, Delano. "Dear Democrats: Stop Treating Black Men Like We’re Stupid Or Lose More Votes." The Federalist, 2020, https://thefederalist.com/2020/12/22/dear-democrats-stop-treating-black-men-like-were-stupid-or-lose-more-votes/. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Federalist - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-frederick-douglass-and-the-es_597b80206522 # Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism ## Citation Squires, Delano. "Frederick Douglass and the essence of authentic antiracism." 1776Unites, 2021, https://1776unites.com/essays/frederick-douglass-and-the-essence-of-authentic-antiracism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2021 - Publication: 1776Unites - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It's Time to Fight for the Black Family - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-it-s-time-to-fight-for-the-bl_30d17e4adce4 # It's Time to Fight for the Black Family ## Citation Squires, Delano. "It's Time to Fight for the Black Family." Newsweek, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-fight-black-family-opinion-1676986. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2022 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-the-left-claims-to-care-about_227eea90eb5e # The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them ## Citation Squires, Delano. "The Left Claims To Care About Black Lives While Abandoning Them." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/04/01/left-claims-to-care-about-black-lives-while-abandoning-them/. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Federalist - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-the-lefts-vision-of-equity-wi_99b0f78dcb07 # The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students ## Citation Squires, Delano. "The Left’s Vision Of Equity Will Cripple A Generation Of Minority Students." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/03/03/the-lefts-vision-of-equity-will-cripple-a-generation-of-minority-students/. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Federalist - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_squires-delano-why-christianity-and-critical_2f1605e22e52 # Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist ## Citation Squires, Delano. "Why Christianity And Critical Race Theory Cannot Coexist." The Federalist, 2021, https://thefederalist.com/2021/05/13/why-christianity-and-critical-race-theory-cannot-coexist/. ## Source Identity - Author: Squires, Delano - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Federalist - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stanford Open Policing Project - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stanford-open-policing-project-stanford-open_328e5eb7ea6a # Stanford Open Policing Project ## Citation Stanford Open Policing Project. "Stanford Open Policing Project." Stanford University, n.d., https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/. ## Source Identity - Author: Stanford Open Policing Project - Year: n.d. - Publication: Stanford University - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Jack Became Black - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_how-jack-became-black-2018-a-film-by-eli-ste_f332cbcb012f # How Jack Became Black ## Citation Steele, Eli. "How Jack Became Black." How Jack Became Black, 2018, https://howjackbecameblack.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Eli - Year: 2018 - Publication: How Jack Became Black - Genre: film ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Battle for Moral Authority - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-eli-the-battle-for-moral-authority-20_d96b29a6b2a5 # The Battle for Moral Authority ## Citation Steele, Eli. "The Battle for Moral Authority." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/01/23/the-battle-for-moral-authority/. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Eli - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-a-dream-deferred-the-second-be_d886183f841d # A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America ## Citation Steele, Shelby. A Dream Deferred: The Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America. Harper Perennial, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 1998 - Publication: Harper Perennial - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-im-black-youre-white-whos-inno_9fa9caa73f3e # I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent? ## Citation Steele, Shelby. "I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent?" Harpers, 1988, https://harpers.org/archive/1988/06/im-black-youre-white-whos-innocent-race-and-power-in-an-era-of-blame/. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 1988 - Publication: Harpers - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-shame-how-america-s-past-sins_c5a1722c81e6 # Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country ## Citation Steele, Shelby. Shame: How America's Past Sins Have Polarized Our Country. Basic Books, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 2015 - Publication: Basic Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-the-content-of-our-character-a_7cc86ad54e3b # The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America ## Citation Steele, Shelby. The Content of Our Character: A New Vision of Race in America. Harper Perennial, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 1991 - Publication: Harper Perennial - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-the-inauthenticity-behind-blac_411b417d4bb5 # The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter ## Citation Steele, Shelby. "The Inauthenticity Behind Black Lives Matter." WSJ, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-inauthenticity-behind-black-lives-matter-11606069287. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 2020 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) - [Victimhood](../topics/victimhood.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-white-guilt-how-blacks-and-whi_d2b37471b550 # White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era ## Citation Steele, Shelby. White Guilt: How Blacks and Whites Together Destroyed the Promise of the Civil Rights Era. HarperCollins, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 2006 - Publication: HarperCollins - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why the Left Can’t Let Go of Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_steele-shelby-why-the-left-cant-let-go-of-ra_e86aad6baf28 # Why the Left Can’t Let Go of Racism ## Citation Steele, Shelby. "Why the Left Can’t Let Go of Racism." WSJ, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/why-the-left-cant-let-go-of-racism-1503868512. ## Source Identity - Author: Steele, Shelby - Year: 2017 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stephens-ii-r-l-dr-frances-cress-welsing-and_03644588b9ca # Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity ## Citation Stephens II, R. L. "Dr. Frances Cress Welsing and the Fight for Black Sanity." Black Agenda Report, 2016, https://www.blackagendareport.com/frances welsing legacy. ## Source Identity - Author: Stephens II, R. L - Year: 2016 - Publication: Black Agenda Report - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stephens-ii-r-l-from-hashtag-to-strategy-the_19c6b29b989a # From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter ## Citation Stephens II, R. L. "From Hashtag to Strategy: The Growing Pains of Black Lives Matter." In These Times, 2017, https://inthesetimes.com/article/from-hashtag-to-strategy-the-growing-pains-of-black-lives-matter. ## Source Identity - Author: Stephens II, R. L - Year: 2017 - Publication: In These Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stephens-ii-r-l-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-abs_532a3c863e03 # Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope ## Citation Stephens II, R. L. "Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Absurdity of Hope." Jacobin, 2017, https://jacobin.com/2017/05/ta-nehisi-coates-racism-afro-pessimism-reparations-class-struggle. ## Source Identity - Author: Stephens II, R. L - Year: 2017 - Publication: Jacobin - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stephens-ii-r-l-the-birthmark-of-damnation-t_5f3cfa390228 # The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body ## Citation Stephens II, R. L. "The Birthmark of Damnation: Ta-Nehisi Coates and the Black Body." Viewpoint Magazine, 2017, https://viewpointmag.com/2017/05/17/the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body/. ## Source Identity - Author: Stephens II, R. L - Year: 2017 - Publication: Viewpoint Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Let’s Be Honest About School Choice - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stewart-chris-lets-be-honest-about-school-ch_c66643d71d31 # Let’s Be Honest About School Choice ## Citation Stewart, Chris. "Let’s Be Honest About School Choice." citizenstewart.com, 2020, https://www.citizenstewart.com/writing/2020/11/14/lets-be-honest-about-school-choice. ## Source Identity - Author: Stewart, Chris - Year: 2020 - Publication: citizenstewart.com - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stewart-chris-the-story-that-needs-to-be-tol_bc6ed385effb # The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father ## Citation Stewart, Chris. "The Story That Needs To Be Told Is About the ‘Good’ Black Father." Citizen Ed., 2021, https://citizen.education/2021/04/16/the-story-that-needs-to-be-told-is-about-the-good-black-father/. ## Source Identity - Author: Stewart, Chris - Year: 2021 - Publication: Citizen Ed. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Need To Teach Us, Again - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_stewart-chris-we-need-to-teach-us-again-2020_54485d998552 # We Need To Teach Us, Again ## Citation Stewart, Chris. "We Need To Teach Us, Again." Citizen Ed., 2020, https://citizen.education/2020/12/18/we-need-to-teach-us-again/. ## Source Identity - Author: Stewart, Chris - Year: 2020 - Publication: Citizen Ed. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_streeter-shea-lethal-force-in-black-and-whit_2bb763035e2f # Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings ## Citation Streeter, Shea. "Lethal Force in Black and White: Assessing Racial Disparities in the Circumstances of Police Killings." The Journal of Politics, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703541. ## Source Identity - Author: Streeter, Shea - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Journal of Politics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_swain-carol-m-be-the-people-a-call-to-reclai_516b45ecb06d # Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise ## Citation Swain, Carol M. Be the People: A Call to Reclaim America's Faith and Promise. Thomas Nelson, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Swain, Carol M - Year: 2011 - Publication: Thomas Nelson - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Cambridge University Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Swain, Carol M - Year: 2007 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Free Speech, Politics, and Academia, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_swain-carol-m-free-speech-politics-and-acade_b3b269e29615 # Free Speech, Politics, and Academia, ## Citation Swain, Carol M. Free Speech, Politics, and Academia,. P.S.: Political Science & Politics, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Swain, Carol M - Year: 2015 - Publication: P.S.: Political Science & Politics - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_swain-carol-m-the-new-white-nationalism-in-a_1809c6319a52 # The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration ## Citation Swain, Carol M. The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration. Cambridge University Press, 2002. ## Source Identity - Author: Swain, Carol M - Year: 2002 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Unified Story for a Divided World - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taiwo-olufemi-o-a-unified-story-for-a-divide_1580ffbb7012 # A Unified Story for a Divided World ## Citation Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "A Unified Story for a Divided World." Dissent, 2021, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/a-unified-story-for-a-divided-world. ## Source Identity - Author: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O - Year: 2021 - Publication: Dissent - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taiwo-olufemi-o-being-in-the-room-privilege_95a3cf8a7f4a # Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference ## Citation Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Being-in-the-Room Privilege: Elite Capture and Epistemic Deference." The Philosopher, 2020, https://www.thephilosopher1923.org/essay-taiwo. ## Source Identity - Author: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Philosopher - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [“Authenticity”](../topics/authenticity.md) - [Lived experience](../topics/lived-experience.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Identity Politics and Elite Capture, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taiwo-olufemi-o-identity-politics-and-elite_03a993548c5d # Identity Politics and Elite Capture, ## Citation Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Identity Politics and Elite Capture,." Boston Review, 2020, https://bostonreview.net/race/olufemi-o-taiwo-identity-politics-and-elite-capture. ## Source Identity - Author: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O - Year: 2020 - Publication: Boston Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taiwo-olufemi-o-stoicism-as-emotional-compre_cbacbbb9728e # Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor ## Citation Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "Stoicism (as Emotional Compression) Is Emotional Labor." Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 2020, https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/fpq/article/view/8217/. ## Source Identity - Author: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O - Year: 2020 - Publication: Feminist Philosophy Quarterly - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taiwo-olufemi-o-whats-new-about-woke-racial_2deba33b774b # What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t) ## Citation Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O. "What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t)." Spectre, 2020, https://spectrejournal.com/whats-new-about-woke-racial-capitalism-and-what-isnt/. ## Source Identity - Author: Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi O - Year: 2020 - Publication: Spectre - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### 6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tate-greg-6-essays-by-greg-tate-on-kendrick_19cd4df1af8f # 6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains ## Citation Tate, Greg. "6 essays by Greg Tate on Kendrick Lamar, Basquiat, Azealia Banks and Bad Brains." Crack Magazine, 2023, https://crackmagazine.net/article/lists/6-essays-greg-tate-kendrick-lamar-basquiat-azealia-banks-bad-brains/. ## Source Identity - Author: Tate, Greg - Year: 2023 - Publication: Crack Magazine - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Afropessimism and Its Discontents - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tate-greg-afropessimism-and-its-discontents_0964338f567f # Afropessimism and Its Discontents ## Citation Tate, Greg. "Afropessimism and Its Discontents." The Nation, 2021, https://www.thenation.com/article/society/afropessimism-wilderson-critical-race/. ## Source Identity - Author: Tate, Greg - Year: 2021 - Publication: The Nation - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Afropessimism](../topics/afropessimism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taylor-paul-c-appiah-s-uncompleted-argument_5c4da231f3ab # Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race, ## Citation Taylor, Paul C. "Appiah's Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race,." Social Theory and Practice, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Taylor, Paul C - Year: 2000 - Publication: Social Theory and Practice - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taylor-paul-c-black-is-beautiful-a-philosoph_a749f643c562 # Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics ## Citation Taylor, Paul C. Black is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Taylor, Paul C - Year: 2016 - Publication: Wiley-Blackwell - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Polity, 2013. ## Source Identity - Author: Taylor, Paul C - Year: 2013 - Publication: Polity - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_taylor-paul-c-routledge-companion-to-the-phi_324f2dd8e75b # Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race ## Citation Taylor, Paul C. Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Race. Routledge, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Taylor, Paul C - Year: 2018 - Publication: Routledge - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_terry-brandon-m-to-shape-a-new-world-essays_b459f2df9824 # To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. ## Citation Terry, Brandon M. To Shape a New World: Essays on the Political Philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Terry, Brandon M - Year: 2018 - Publication: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Anti-Racism Will Fail - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thandeka-rev-dr-why-anti-racism-will-fail-19_dd3cd0e229f7 # Why Anti-Racism Will Fail ## Citation Thandeka, Rev. Dr. "Why Anti-Racism Will Fail." Unitarian Universalist General Assembly, 1999, https://revthandeka.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Why Anti-Racism Will Fail.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Thandeka, Rev. Dr - Year: 1999 - Publication: Unitarian Universalist General Assembly - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_the-invisible-men-podcast-wilfred-reilly-on_6fcd93838210 # Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia ## Citation The Invisible Men Podcast. "Wilfred Reilly on Challenging Ideological Uniformity in Academia." YouTube, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoxFPxRduDk. ## Source Identity - Author: The Invisible Men Podcast - Year: 2021 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Solar Republic official website - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_the-solar-republic-the-solar-republic_ee2df50e6bba # The Solar Republic official website ## Citation The Solar Republic. "The Solar Republic official website." The Solar Republic, n.d., https://thesolarrepublic.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: The Solar Republic - Year: n.d. - Publication: The Solar Republic - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_theory-of-enchantment-valdary-chloe-author-c_ce3db78b5cff # A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning ## Citation Theory of Enchantment. "A Framework for Social and Emotional Learning." Theory of Enchantment, https://www.theoryofenchantment.com/. ## Source Identity - Author: Theory of Enchantment - Year: Unknown - Publication: Theory of Enchantment - Genre: website ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-clarence-my-grandfathers-son-a-memoir_c6c069685f51 # My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir ## Citation Thomas, Clarence. My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir. Harper Perennial, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Clarence - Year: 2008 - Publication: Harper Perennial - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Afterword - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-afterword-2016_7084cbebba78 # Afterword ## Citation Thomas, Greg. Afterword. Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2016 - Publication: Murray Talks Music: Albert Murray on Jazz and Blues - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_73761134-can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american_896eb491091a # Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma? ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Can Civic Jazz Resolve the American Dilemma?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/can-civic-jazz-resolve-the-american. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deracialization Now - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_83023236-deracialization-now_ae0bde6f436e # Deracialization Now ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Deracialization Now." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/deracialization-now. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and_cb3ffa9de65a # Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Jazz, the Omni-American Ideal, and a Future Beyond Bigotry." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2021, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/jazz-the-omni-american-ideal-and. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2021 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-reading-albert-murray-in-the-age_d28c93010968 # Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Reading Albert Murray in the Age of Trump." New Republic, 2017, https://newrepublic.com/article/139030/reading-albert-murray-age-trump. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2017 - Publication: New Republic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reimagining American Identity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-reimagining-american-identity-20_a1e997efd690 # Reimagining American Identity ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Reimagining American Identity." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/reimagining-american-identity. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_152253642-responding-to-loss-with-courage-an_686f29176a3b # Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Responding to Loss with Courage and Compassion." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/responding-to-loss-with-courage-and. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_104514579-rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decade_48799cc0b11f # Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Rooted Cosmopolitanism in a Decadent Time." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2023, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/rooted-cosmopolitanism-in-a-decadent. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2023 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-the-black-studies-wars-multicult_e8633c3ef0c0 # The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity ## Citation Thomas, Greg. The Black Studies Wars: Multiculturalism vs Afrocentricity. Village Voice, 1995. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 1995 - Publication: Village Voice - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why Did Trump Prevail Again? - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_151710807-why-did-trump-prevail-again_00b5e0717524 # Why Did Trump Prevail Again? ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Why Did Trump Prevail Again?" Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-did-trump-prevail-again. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Crime & Incarceration](../topics/crime-incarceration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-greg-why-race-based-framings-of-socia_04a463d84366 # Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all ## Citation Thomas, Greg. "Why race-based framings of social issues hurt us all." FAIR for All, 2022, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/social-issues-race. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Greg - Year: 2022 - Publication: FAIR for All - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Disparity (see also Equality and Equity)](../topics/disparity.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Human Rights and Sexual Orientation - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-laurence-human-rights-and-sexual-orie_6dbe3828c8ca # Human Rights and Sexual Orientation ## Citation Thomas, Laurence. Human Rights and Sexual Orientation. Rowman and Littlefield, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Laurence - Year: 1999 - Publication: Rowman and Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-laurence-living-morally-a-psychology_d41e34501731 # Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character ## Citation Thomas, Laurence. Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character. Temple University Press, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Laurence - Year: 1989 - Publication: Temple University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Social Philosophy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-laurence-social-philosophy-2007_27b9fe05588a # Social Philosophy ## Citation Thomas, Laurence. Social Philosophy. Blackwell, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Laurence - Year: 2007 - Publication: Blackwell - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Family and the Political Self - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-laurence-the-family-and-the-political_b3da5782fa85 # The Family and the Political Self ## Citation Thomas, Laurence. The Family and the Political Self. Cambridge University Press, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Laurence - Year: 2006 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thomas-laurence-vessels-of-evil-american-sla_60765993f5c9 # Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust ## Citation Thomas, Laurence. Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust. Temple University Press, 1993. ## Source Identity - Author: Thomas, Laurence - Year: 1993 - Publication: Temple University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Eric Garner and Me - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thompson-clifford-eric-garner-and-me-2015_a01757aa9c17 # Eric Garner and Me ## Citation Thompson, Clifford. "Eric Garner and Me." LA Review of Books, 2015, https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/eric-garner/. ## Source Identity - Author: Thompson, Clifford - Year: 2015 - Publication: LA Review of Books - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deep is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thurman-howard-washington-deep-is-the-hunger_db5db6c7400b # Deep is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness ## Citation Thurman, Howard Washington. Deep is the Hunger: Meditations for Apostles of Sensitiveness. 1951. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1951 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thurman-howard-washington-deep-river-reflect_95acbfde6849 # Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals ## Citation Thurman, Howard Washington. Deep River: Reflections on the Religious Insight of Certain of the Negro Spirituals. The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death, 1945. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1945 - Publication: The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Meditations of the Heart. 1953. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1953 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thurman-howard-washington-the-inward-journey_f50adc058e49 # The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest ## Citation Thurman, Howard Washington. The Inward Journey: Meditations on the Spiritual Quest. 1961. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1961 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Search for Common Ground - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thurman-howard-washington-the-search-for-com_61fdc012d620 # The Search for Common Ground ## Citation Thurman, Howard Washington. The Search for Common Ground. 1971. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1971 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_thurman-howard-washington-with-head-and-hear_c914c00d2cf8 # With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman ## Citation Thurman, Howard Washington. With Head and Heart: The Autobiography of Howard Thurman. 1979. ## Source Identity - Author: Thurman, Howard Washington - Year: 1979 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tillery-alvin-b-jr-between-homeland-and-moth_063764792e60 # Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America ## Citation Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. Between Homeland and Motherland: Africa, US Foreign Policy, and Black Leadership in America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Tillery, Alvin B., Jr - Year: 2011 - Publication: Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tillery-alvin-b-jr-how-african-americans-see_3231526c0586 # How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement ## Citation Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "How African Americans See the Black Lives Matter Movement." Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy Poll, 2017, http://www.csdd.northwestern.edu/research/black-lives-mattersurvey.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Tillery, Alvin B., Jr - Year: 2017 - Publication: Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy Poll - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tillery-alvin-b-jr-what-kind-of-movement-is_2f870b236ed6 # What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter, ## Citation Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "What Kind of Movement is Black Lives Matter? The View from Twitter,." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2019.17. ## Source Identity - Author: Tillery, Alvin B., Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_tillery-alvin-b-jr-which-identity-frames-boo_217563f33849 # Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test, ## Citation Tillery, Alvin B., Jr. "Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test,." American Political Science Review, 2020, https://doi:10.1017/S0003055420000544. ## Source Identity - Author: Tillery, Alvin B., Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: American Political Science Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Conservatives, Part One - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_toler-deborah-black-conservatives-part-one-1_65e870b359c2 # Black Conservatives, Part One ## Citation Toler, Deborah. "Black Conservatives, Part One." The Public Eye, 1993, https://www.politicalresearch.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/September-1993.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Toler, Deborah - Year: 1993 - Publication: The Public Eye - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_56567640-its-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair_3ae49611b343 # It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair ## Citation Turns Out, I Don’t Mind It. "It's Ok, You Can Touch My Hair." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/its-ok-you-can-touch-my-hair. ## Source Identity - Author: Turns Out, I Don’t Mind It - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) - [Women / Feminism](../topics/women-feminism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_university-of-austin-the-extraordinary-disco_3d3e98da6f0f # The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions ## Citation University of Austin. "The Extraordinary Disconnect Between Reality and Polite Conventions." YouTube, 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxUdyYgVn 8. ## Source Identity - Author: University of Austin - Year: 2024 - Publication: YouTube - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A hole in the heart of antiracism training - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_valdary-chloe-a-hole-in-the-heart-of-antirac_f06e14c5aee4 # A hole in the heart of antiracism training ## Citation Valdary, Chloé. "A hole in the heart of antiracism training." Boston Globe, 2021, https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/03/opinion/hole-heart-antiracism-training/. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloé - Year: 2021 - Publication: Boston Globe - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_valdary-chloe-black-people-are-far-more-powe_1ce18e16f2c3 # Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches ## Citation Valdary, Chloé. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloé - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek. - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_140082315-israelis-palestinians-and-the-sear_def6e7e26a4d # Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home ## Citation Valdary, Chloé. "Israelis, Palestinians, and the Search for Home." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2024, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/israelis-palestinians-and-the-search. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloé - Year: 2024 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) - [Religion](../topics/religion.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_valdary-chloe-reconciliation-or-grievance-mo_70270e1c1911 # Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing ## Citation Valdary, Chloé. "Reconciliation, or Grievance? Modern diversity training too often violates Martin Luther King’s vision of racial healing." City Journal., 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/diversity-training. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloé - Year: 2019 - Publication: City Journal. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I Refuse to Avoid White People, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_valdary-chloe-why-i-refuse-to-avoid-white-pe_d466fcfd3326 # Why I Refuse to Avoid White People, ## Citation Valdary, Chloé. "Why I Refuse to Avoid White People,." New York Times, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/avoiding-white-people-charlottesville-racism.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloé - Year: 2017 - Publication: New York Times - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_valdary-chloe-black-people-are-far-more-powe_06e04a660946 # Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches ## Citation Valdary, Chloe. "Black People Are Far More Powerful Than Critical Race Theory Preaches." Newsweek., 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/black-people-are-far-more-powerful-critical-race-theory-preaches-opinion-1589671. ## Source Identity - Author: Valdary, Chloe - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_vendryes-margaret-rose-race-identity-identif_3edec26a1a5b # Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting ## Citation Vendryes, Margaret Rose. Race Identity/Identifying Race: Robert S. Duncanson and Nineteenth-Century American Painting. Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Vendryes, Margaret Rose - Year: 2001 - Publication: Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walker-clarence-e-deromanticizing-black-hist_aac9648c8133 # Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals ## Citation Walker, Clarence E. Deromanticizing Black History: Critical Essays and Reappraisals. University of Tennessee Press, 1991. ## Source Identity - Author: Walker, Clarence E - Year: 1991 - Publication: University of Tennessee Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walker-clarence-e-mongrel-nation-the-america_9a74f9fb2d43 # Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings ## Citation Walker, Clarence E. Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. University of Virginia Press, 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Walker, Clarence E - Year: 2009 - Publication: University of Virginia Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walker-clarence-e-we-can-t-go-home-again-an_ac8434ca26a8 # We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism ## Citation Walker, Clarence E. We Can't Go Home Again: An Argument About Afrocentrism. Oxford University Press, 2001. ## Source Identity - Author: Walker, Clarence E - Year: 2001 - Publication: Oxford University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Afrocentrism](../topics/afrocentrism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walker-david-appeal-to-the-coloured-citizens_759469f28b97 # Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America ## Citation Walker, David. Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World; But in Particular and Very Expressly to those of the United States of America. 1829. ## Source Identity - Author: Walker, David - Year: 1829 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walton-hanes-jr-african-american-power-and-p_bf19cd5018fc # African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable ## Citation Walton, Hanes, Jr. African American Power and Politics: The Political CContext Variable. Columbia University Press, 1997. ## Source Identity - Author: Walton, Hanes, Jr - Year: 1997 - Publication: Columbia University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The African American electorate: A statistical history - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walton-hanes-jr-the-african-american-elector_2e86ca9793ea # The African American electorate: A statistical history ## Citation Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African American electorate: A statistical history. CQ Press, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Walton, Hanes, Jr - Year: 2012 - Publication: CQ Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walton-hanes-jr-the-african-foreign-policy-o_70f102fa475e # The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis ## Citation Walton, Hanes, Jr. The African foreign policy of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger: A documentary analysis. Lexington Books, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Walton, Hanes, Jr - Year: 2010 - Publication: Lexington Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Foreign Aid & International Development](../topics/foreign-aid-international-development.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_walton-hanes-jr-the-political-philosophy-of_99ae013b133f # The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr ## Citation Walton, Hanes, Jr. The political philosophy of Martin Luther King, Jr. Greenwood Press, 1976. ## Source Identity - Author: Walton, Hanes, Jr - Year: 1976 - Publication: Greenwood Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Cambridge History of African American Literature - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_ward-jerry-w-jr-the-cambridge-history-of-afr_798b540dc2d1 # The Cambridge History of African American Literature ## Citation Ward, Jerry W., Jr. The Cambridge History of African American Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Ward, Jerry W., Jr - Year: 2011 - Publication: Cambridge University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_warren-kenneth-w-as-white-as-anybody-race-an_b06f23dbfbbe # As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black, ## Citation Warren, Kenneth W. As White as Anybody: Race and the Politics of Counting as Black,. New Literary History, 2000. ## Source Identity - Author: Warren, Kenneth W - Year: 2000 - Publication: New Literary History - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_warren-kenneth-w-black-and-white-strangers-r_a8ec45d9d73d # Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism ## Citation Warren, Kenneth W. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. University of Chicago Press, 1993. ## Source Identity - Author: Warren, Kenneth W - Year: 1993 - Publication: University of Chicago Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What Was African American Literature? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_warren-kenneth-w-what-was-african-american-l_d28171c9a748 # What Was African American Literature? ## Citation Warren, Kenneth W. What Was African American Literature? Harvard University Press, 2012. ## Source Identity - Author: Warren, Kenneth W - Year: 2012 - Publication: Harvard University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Character Building - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-booker-t-character-building-1902_1a8ab96a3627 # Character Building ## Citation Washington, Booker T. Character Building. Doubleday, Page & Co, 1902. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Booker T - Year: 1902 - Publication: Doubleday, Page & Co - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Future of the American Negro - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-booker-t-the-future-of-the-americ_82a8070e46c0 # The Future of the American Negro ## Citation Washington, Booker T. The Future of the American Negro. 1899. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Booker T - Year: 1899 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Tuskegee & Its People: Their Ideals and Achievements. 1905. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Booker T - Year: 1905 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Up from Slavery - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-booker-t-up-from-slavery-1901_77911a618589 # Up from Slavery ## Citation Washington, Booker T. Up from Slavery. 1901. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Booker T - Year: 1901 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/harvards-affirmative-action-bluff/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Germaine - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-germaine-private-corporations-are_7452c3bb449b # Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media ## Citation Washington, Germaine. "Private Corporations Are Not Public Institutions: On Free Speech And Social Media." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/private-corporations-are-not-public-institutions-on-free-speech-and-social-media/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Germaine - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-germaine-respect-democratic-norms_40b240e2e712 # Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden ## Citation Washington, Germaine. "Respect Democratic Norms, Vote For Biden." The Princeton Tory, 2020, https://theprincetontory.com/respect-democratic-norms-vote-for-biden-opinion/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Germaine - Year: 2020 - Publication: The Princeton Tory - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### AWOL Black Fathers - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-john-awol-black-fathers-2022_546b56bcd26a # AWOL Black Fathers ## Citation Washington, John. "AWOL Black Fathers." Quillette, 2022, https://quillette.com/2022/03/21/awol-black-fathers/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, John - Year: 2022 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_164203909-black-culture-and-the-euro-america_ca6d507410df # Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain ## Citation Washington, John. "Black Culture and the Euro-American Collective Brain." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/black-culture-and-the-euro-american. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, John - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Integration](../topics/integration.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_191771675-pathways-to-manhood-the-military_72b0210a8bff # Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang ## Citation Washington, John. "Pathways to Manhood: The Military vs. the Gang." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/pathways-to-manhood-the-military. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, John - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Journal of Free Black Thought, 2025, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/the-unraveling-of-the-black-family. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, John - Year: 2025 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### \"Uplift Suasion\" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_186833272-uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-bl_e5f1512ddec1 # "Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior ## Citation Washington, John. ""Uplift Suasion" vs. Dysfunctional Black Behavior." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2026, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/uplift-suasion-vs-dysfunctional-black. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, John - Year: 2026 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Respectability politics](../topics/respectability-politics.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-joshua-black-community-pays-dearl_3a0e44032353 # Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda ## Citation Washington, Joshua. "Black Community Pays Dearly for Israel-haters’ Agenda." Times of Israel, 2021, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-community-pays-dearly-for-israel-haters-agenda/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Joshua - Year: 2021 - Publication: Times of Israel - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_washington-joshua-black-lives-matters-jewish_02e410cf5a42 # Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words ## Citation Washington, Joshua. "Black Lives Matter’s Jewish Problem – In Their Own Words." Times of Israel, 2020, https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/black-lives-matters-jewish-problem-in-their-own-words/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Joshua - Year: 2020 - Publication: Times of Israel - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I Am Thankful - **Resource:** fbt://source/jfbt_86010321-why-i-am-thankful_ddd0d51faac4 # Why I Am Thankful ## Citation Washington, Joshua. "Why I Am Thankful." Journal of Free Black Thought, 2022, https://freeblackthought.substack.com/p/why-i-am-thankful. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington, Joshua - Year: 2022 - Publication: Journal of Free Black Thought - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Family & Marriage](../topics/family-marriage.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_fatal-force-washington-post-police-shootings_25181998d744 # Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database ## Citation Washington Post. "Fatal Force: Washington Post Police Shootings Database." Washington Post, n.d., https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/. ## Source Identity - Author: Washington Post - Year: n.d. - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: website ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wasow-omar-agenda-seeding-how-1960s-black-pr_2803bb82af24 # Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting, ## Citation Wasow, Omar. "Agenda Seeding: How 1960s Black Protests Moved Elites, Public Opinion and Voting,." American Political Science Review, 2020, http://omarwasow.com/APSR protests3 1.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Wasow, Omar - Year: 2020 - Publication: American Political Science Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wasow-omar-race-as-a-bundle-of-sticks-design_4b5aa9552347 # ‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics, ## Citation Wasow, Omar. "‘Race as a ‘Bundle of Sticks’: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics,." Annual Review of Political Science, 2016, http://www.omarwasow.com/wasow sen 2016 annurev.pdf. ## Source Identity - Author: Wasow, Omar - Year: 2016 - Publication: Annual Review of Political Science - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wasow-omar-the-protests-started-out-looking_3048c7686478 # The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964 ## Citation Wasow, Omar. "The protests started out looking like 1968. They turned into 1964." Washington Post, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/06/11/protests-started-out-looking-like-1968-they-turned-into-1964/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wasow, Omar - Year: 2020 - Publication: Washington Post - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Politics & Activism](../topics/politics-activism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite) - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_watson-christian-no-critical-race-theory-isn_9782437bfa12 # No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite) ## Citation Watson, Christian. "No, Critical Race Theory Isn’t a New Civil Rights Movement. (Just the Opposite)." Quillette, 2021, https://quillette.com/2021/06/06/no-critical-race-theory-isnt-a-new-civil-rights-movement-just-the-opposite/. ## Source Identity - Author: Watson, Christian - Year: 2021 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_west-cornel-ta-nehisi-coates-is-the-neoliber_e87eb87e10a2 # Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle, ## Citation West, Cornel. "Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle,." The Guardian, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/dec/17/ta-nehisi-coates-neoliberal-black-struggle-cornel-west. ## Source Identity - Author: West, Cornel - Year: 2017 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wheatley-phillis-life-and-works-of-phillis-w_19a6e8c8c5cf # Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago ## Citation Wheatley, Phillis. Life and Works of Phillis Wheatley: Containing Her Complete Poetical Works, Numerous Letters, and a Complete Biography of This Famous Poet of a Century and a Half Ago. Washington, D, 1916, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010001353748&view=1up&seq=1&skin=2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Wheatley, Phillis - Year: 1916 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wheatley-phillis-poems-on-various-subjects-r_957ad7a0bbd0 # Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral ## Citation Wheatley, Phillis. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. 1773. ## Source Identity - Author: Wheatley, Phillis - Year: 1773 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the ‘Black’ Role Assigned to Him by Bigots - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_whitlock-jason-dave-chappelle-hates-himself_f1a18e006498 # Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the ‘Black’ Role Assigned to Him by Bigots ## Citation Whitlock, Jason. "Dave Chappelle Hates Himself for Playing the ‘Black’ Role Assigned to Him by Bigots." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/dave-chappelle-hates-himself-for-playing-the-black-role-assigned-to-him-by-bigots/. ## Source Identity - Author: Whitlock, Jason - Year: 2020 - Publication: Outkick - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_whitlock-jason-mixed-messages-on-race-increa_b39742b0e402 # Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization ## Citation Whitlock, Jason. "Mixed Messages On Race Increasing Polarization." OutKick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/mixed-messages-on-race-increasing-polarization. ## Source Identity - Author: Whitlock, Jason - Year: 2020 - Publication: OutKick - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_whitlock-jason-new-hiring-rule-installed-by_156af5d993c4 # New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches ## Citation Whitlock, Jason. "New Hiring Rule Installed by NFL Race Hustler Troy Vincent Damages Black Coaches." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-new-hiring-rule-installed-by-nfl-race-hustler-troy-vincent-damages-black-coaches/. ## Source Identity - Author: Whitlock, Jason - Year: 2020 - Publication: Outkick - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_whitlock-jason-the-capital-b-in-black-is-a-s_801febb14ad4 # The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People ## Citation Whitlock, Jason. "The Capital B in ‘Black’ Is a Scarlet Letter That Diminishes, Destroys and Disenfranchises Black People." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-the-capital-b-in-black-is-a-scarlet-letter-that-diminishes-destroys-and-disenfranchises-black-people/. ## Source Identity - Author: Whitlock, Jason - Year: 2020 - Publication: Outkick - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White Liberals Rig ‘Olympics’ to Diminish Black Humanity - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_whitlock-jason-white-liberals-rig-olympics-t_55f0a2a31373 # White Liberals Rig ‘Olympics’ to Diminish Black Humanity ## Citation Whitlock, Jason. "White Liberals Rig ‘Olympics’ to Diminish Black Humanity." Outkick, 2020, https://www.outkick.com/whitlock-white-liberals-rig-olympics-to-diminish-black-humanity/. ## Source Identity - Author: Whitlock, Jason - Year: 2020 - Publication: Outkick - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Sports](../topics/sports.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-chad-from-white-supremacy-to-race-c_5804a76cce71 # From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination ## Citation Williams, Chad. "From white supremacy to race-conscious discrimination." Fair For All, 2021, https://fairforall.substack.com/p/from-white-supremacy-to-race-conscious. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Chad - Year: 2021 - Publication: Fair For All - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [CRT / Critical Race Theory (see also Anti-racism, White fragility, and Wokeness)](../topics/critical-race-theory.md) - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-heather-andrea-self-taught-african_71c7be4f307a # Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom ## Citation Williams, Heather Andrea. Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. University of North Carolina Press, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Heather Andrea - Year: 2005 - Publication: University of North Carolina Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-juan-enough-the-phony-leaders-dead_19a9cc831e2f # Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It ## Citation Williams, Juan. Enough: The Phony Leaders, Dead-End Movements, and Culture of Failure That Are Undermining Black America — and What We Can Do About It. Crown, 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Juan - Year: 2006 - Publication: Crown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965: A Companion Volume to the PBS Television Series - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-juan-eyes-on-the-prize-america-s-ci_d581655bf87f # Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965: A Companion Volume to the PBS Television Series ## Citation Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965: A Companion Volume to the PBS Television Series. Viking Penguin, 1987. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Juan - Year: 1987 - Publication: Viking Penguin - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-juan-thurgood-marshall-american-rev_3cddbf1a7ce8 # Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary ## Citation Williams, Juan. Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary. Three Rivers Press, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Juan - Year: 1998 - Publication: Three Rivers Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-juan-we-the-people-the-modern-day-f_36022c6a0162 # We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America ## Citation Williams, Juan. We the People: The Modern-Day Figures Who Have Reshaped and Affirmed the Founding Fathers' Vision of America. Crown, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Juan - Year: 2016 - Publication: Crown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-juan-what-the-hell-do-you-have-to-l_7806f4be64fc # What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights ## Citation Williams, Juan. What the Hell Do You Have to Lose?: Trump's War on Civil Rights. PublicAffairs, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Juan - Year: 2018 - Publication: PublicAffairs - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-kevin-jon-why-i-m-saying-no-to-nih_89c9142bc0a6 # Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences ## Citation Williams, Kevin Jon. "Why I'm Saying No to NIH's Racial Preferences." Wall Street Journal, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-im-saying-no-to-nihs-racial-preferences-medical-research-7f205c2c. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Kevin Jon - Year: 2022 - Publication: Wall Street Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Affirmative Action](../topics/affirmative-action.md) - [DEI / Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (see also Anti-racism; CRT; White fragility)](../topics/dei.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Police Force Size and Civilian Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-morgan-c-jr-police-force-size-and-c_bf401d3020d3 # Police Force Size and Civilian Race ## Citation Williams, Morgan C., Jr. "Police Force Size and Civilian Race." NBER Working Paper, 2020, https://www.nber.org/papers/w28202. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Morgan C., Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: NBER Working Paper - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Police](../topics/police.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Blues for Albert Murray - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-a-blues-for-alber_e4d649ac3ad0 # A Blues for Albert Murray ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "A Blues for Albert Murray." The Nation, 2016, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/blues-for-murray/. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2016 - Publication: The Nation - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities - [Albert Murray](../entities/albert-murray.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-black-and-blue-an_efd4f9515001 # Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity? ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Black and Blue and Blond: Where does race fit in the construction of modern identity?" VQR, 2015, https://www.vqronline.org/essays-articles/2015/01/black-and-blue-and-blond. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2015 - Publication: VQR - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Encountering Thomas Sowell - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-encountering-thom_4492c7c86f5c # Encountering Thomas Sowell ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Encountering Thomas Sowell." Law & Liberty, 2021, https://lawliberty.org/encountering-thomas-sowell/. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2021 - Publication: Law & Liberty - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatteron-how-ta-nehisi-coat_1b3358f30011 # How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power." New York Times Op-Ed., 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/ta-nehisi-coates-whiteness-power.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2017 - Publication: New York Times Op-Ed. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Whiteness](../topics/whiteness.md) ## Related Entities - [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Loaded Dice - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatteron-loaded-dice-2015_698e42feba30 # Loaded Dice ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Loaded Dice." London Review of Books, 2015, https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v37/n23/thomas-chatterton-williams/loaded-dice. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2015 - Publication: London Review of Books - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities - [Ta-Nehisi Coates](../entities/ta-nehisi-coates.md) ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-losing-my-cool-ho_aa73a7f3fa5a # Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. Losing My Cool: How a Father's Love and 15,000 Books Beat Hip-Hop Culture. New York, NY: The Penguin Press, 2010. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2010 - Publication: New York, NY: The Penguin Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-race-has-always-s_1916b77ad7a8 # Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Race Has Always Shaped Pop Music --- It's Just Never Been Clear How." The Atlantic, 2024, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2024/05/drake-kendrick-lamar-race/678426/. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2024 - Publication: The Atlantic - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-self-portrait-in_939e306d5e16 # Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race. New York, NY: W, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2019 - Publication: New York, NY: W - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Race](../topics/race.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatteron-skin-deep-you-cant_ac5bb546ce65 # Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "Skin Deep: You Can't Fight Like with Like." American Scholar, 2019, https://theamericanscholar.org/skin-deep/. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2019 - Publication: American Scholar - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White fragility](../topics/white-fragility.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The French Origins of ‘You will not replace us’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-thomas-chatterton-the-french-origin_d3caa173ae42 # The French Origins of ‘You will not replace us’ ## Citation Williams, Thomas Chatterton. "The French Origins of ‘You will not replace us’." New Yorker, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/04/the-french-origins-of-you-will-not-replace-us. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Thomas Chatterton - Year: 2017 - Publication: New Yorker - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-all-it-takes-is-guts-a-min_e23bb7bd024e # All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View ## Citation Williams, Walter E. All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View. Regnery, 1988. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 1988 - Publication: Regnery - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### America: A Minority Viewpoint - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-america-a-minority-viewpoi_5bddc8494c33 # America: A Minority Viewpoint ## Citation Williams, Walter E. America: A Minority Viewpoint. Hoover Institution Press, 1983. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 1983 - Publication: Hoover Institution Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Education Tragedy Is New - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-black-education-tragedy-is_a7d3de94ef5e # Black Education Tragedy Is New ## Citation Williams, Walter E. "Black Education Tragedy Is New." Townhall, 2020, https://townhall.com/columnists/walterewilliams/2020/12/02/black-education-tragedy-is-new-n2580836?215. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 2020 - Publication: Townhall - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-more-liberty-means-less-go_a45b95e7b528 # More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well ## Citation Williams, Walter E. More Liberty Means Less Government: Our Founders Knew This Well. Hoover Institution Press, 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 1999 - Publication: Hoover Institution Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### New York Times’ ‘1619 Project’ Has Key Error About Our Founding, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-new-york-times-1619-projec_938173b9dfbd # New York Times’ ‘1619 Project’ Has Key Error About Our Founding, ## Citation Williams, Walter E. "New York Times’ ‘1619 Project’ Has Key Error About Our Founding,." The Daily Signal, 2019, https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/08/28/new-york-times-1619-project-has-key-error-about-our-founding/. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 2019 - Publication: The Daily Signal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination? - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-race-and-economics-how-muc_6bc1cbc2d216 # Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination? ## Citation Williams, Walter E. Race and Economics: How Much Can Be Blamed on Discrimination? Hoover Institution Press, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 2011 - Publication: Hoover Institution Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Discrimination (see also Racism)](../topics/discrimination.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The State Against Blacks - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_williams-walter-e-the-state-against-blacks-1_d95f88fc3076 # The State Against Blacks ## Citation Williams, Walter E. The State Against Blacks. McGraw-Hill, 1982. ## Source Identity - Author: Williams, Walter E - Year: 1982 - Publication: McGraw-Hill - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–’65 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-joseph-t-the-black-phalanx-a-history_13da19f391e3 # The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–’65 ## Citation Wilson, Joseph T. The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775–1812, 1861–’65. Hartford, CT, 1877. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, Joseph T - Year: 1877 - Publication: Hartford, CT - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-nee-adams-harriet-e-our-nig-sketches_1bc6f79172cc # Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black ## Citation Wilson (neé Adams), Harriet E. Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black. Geo, 1859. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson (neé Adams), Harriet E - Year: 1859 - Publication: Geo - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Art & literature](../topics/art-literature.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-more-than-just-race-be_d3746844a756 # More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. More than Just Race: Being Black and Poor in the Inner City. 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 2009 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-the-bridge-over-the-ra_d505938ff109 # The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. The Bridge Over the Racial Divide: Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics. 1999. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 1999 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Declining Significance of Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-the-declining-signific_5289a5ab9379 # The Declining Significance of Race ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. The Declining Significance of Race. 1978. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 1978 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-the-truly-disadvantage_bd292f0d0295 # The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. 1987. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 1987 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-there-goes-the-neighbo_d100c58adaa8 # There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America. 2006. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 2006 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wilson-william-julius-when-work-disappears-t_c4b5917b97f2 # When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor ## Citation Wilson, William Julius. When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. 1996. ## Source Identity - Author: Wilson, William Julius - Year: 1996 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-jr-reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-a_9c54f823aeea # Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism ## Citation Wood, John, Jr. "Reclaiming Nonviolence in the Age of Antiracism." Braver Angels, 2020, https://braverangels.org/reclaiming-nonviolence-in-the-age-of-antiracism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John, Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: Braver Angels - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White People and the Conversation About Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-jr-white-people-and-the-conversati_d8020b8dfe26 # White People and the Conversation About Race ## Citation Wood, John, Jr. "White People and the Conversation About Race." Areo, 2022, https://areomagazine.com/2022/04/21/white-people-and-the-conversation-about-race/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John, Jr - Year: 2022 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-jr-white-privilege-may-be-real-but_5f788e915094 # White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality ## Citation Wood, John, Jr. "White privilege may be real, but economic class is a bigger factor in driving inequality." USA Today, 2022, https://www.yahoo.com/news/white-privilege-may-real-economic-090210213.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John, Jr - Year: 2022 - Publication: USA Today - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On Patriotic Empathy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-r-jr-on-patriotic-empathy-2020-pat_ed24ce7f5ac5 # On Patriotic Empathy ## Citation Wood, John R., Jr. "On Patriotic Empathy." RealClear Politics., 2020, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2020/12/16/on patriotic empathy 144852.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John R., Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: RealClear Politics. - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Patriotism](../topics/patriotism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Party Switch ‘Myth’ - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-r-jr-the-party-switch-myth-2019_e2f6bae7bb2d # The Party Switch ‘Myth’ ## Citation Wood, John R., Jr. "The Party Switch ‘Myth’." Areo, 2019, https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/03/the-party-switch-myth/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John R., Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Pivotal Irony of American Racism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-r-jr-the-pivotal-irony-of-american_03ed0ddd3082 # The Pivotal Irony of American Racism ## Citation Wood, John R., Jr. "The Pivotal Irony of American Racism." Areo, 2020, https://areomagazine.com/2020/07/29/the-pivotal-irony-of-american-racism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John R., Jr - Year: 2020 - Publication: Areo - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The spectrum of black contrarianism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-r-jr-the-spectrum-of-black-contrar_6eeef8c3a078 # The spectrum of black contrarianism ## Citation Wood, John R., Jr. "The spectrum of black contrarianism." Quillette, 2018, https://quillette.com/2018/10/20/the-spectrum-of-black-contrarianism/. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John R., Jr - Year: 2018 - Publication: Quillette - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Black intellectual history](../topics/black-intellectual-history.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Virtue and the Social Fabric - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-john-r-jr-virtue-and-the-social-fabric_80997f907864 # Virtue and the Social Fabric ## Citation Wood, John R., Jr. "Virtue and the Social Fabric." RealClear Policy, 2019, https://www.realclearpolicy.com/articles/2019/06/21/virtue and the social fabric 111223.html. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, John R., Jr - Year: 2019 - Publication: RealClear Policy - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-zachary-r-i-invite-white-supremacy-apol_932316807656 # I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why ## Citation Wood, Zachary R. "I invite white supremacy apologists to campus. Here's why." The Guardian, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/23/uncomfortable-conversations-campus-zachary-wood. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, Zachary R - Year: 2018 - Publication: The Guardian - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wood-zachary-r-uncensored-my-life-and-uncomf_486dac27c13a # Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America ## Citation Wood, Zachary R. Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America. Dutton, 2019. ## Source Identity - Author: Wood, Zachary R - Year: 2019 - Publication: Dutton - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Free Speech (see also Cancel culture)](../topics/free-speech-cancel-culture.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-carter-g-carter-g-woodsons-appeal-th_d093f450b533 # Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition ## Citation Woodson, Carter G. Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal: The Lost Manuscript Edition. by Woodson, Carter G, 2008. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Carter G - Year: 2008 - Publication: by Woodson, Carter G - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860 - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-carter-g-the-mind-of-the-negro-as-re_cc7f592bedb5 # The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860 ## Citation Woodson, Carter G. The Mind of the Negro as Reflected in Letters Written During the Crisis: 1800-1860. Washington, D, 1926. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Carter G - Year: 1926 - Publication: Washington, D - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Slavery](../topics/slavery.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Mis-Education of the Negro - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-carter-g-the-mis-education-of-the-ne_3bae4a2af06e # The Mis-Education of the Negro ## Citation Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro. The Associated Publishers, 1933. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Carter G - Year: 1933 - Publication: The Associated Publishers - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-critical-race-theory-distra_7467c6f87d03 # Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement ## Citation Woodson, Robert L. "Critical Race Theory Distracts from Widespread Academic Underachievement." Newsweek, 2021, https://www.newsweek.com/critical-race-theory-distracts-widespread-academic-underachievement-opinion-1629028. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Newsweek - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Education & Schools](../topics/education-schools.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-how-the-left-hijacked-civil_ae486844d2c6 # How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights ## Citation Woodson, Robert L. "How the Left Hijacked Civil Rights." Wall Street Journal, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-left-hijacked-civil-rights-11610748711. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L - Year: 2021 - Publication: Wall Street Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Civil Rights/Civil Rights Era](../topics/civil-rights-civil-rights-era.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Media’s Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-medias-racial-narrative-tar_0aeda17f88c8 # Media’s Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks ## Citation Woodson, Robert L. "Media’s Racial Narrative Targets Whites, Harms Blacks." WSJ, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/medias-racial-narrative-targets-whites-harms-blacks-11618597161. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L - Year: 2021 - Publication: WSJ - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race and Economic Opportunity, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-race-and-economic-opportuni_7295a99c206c # Race and Economic Opportunity, ## Citation Woodson, Robert L. "Race and Economic Opportunity,." Vanderbilt Law Review, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L - Year: 1989 - Publication: Vanderbilt Law Review - Genre: article ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-a-summons-to-life-mediat_c95f1291e3af # A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. A Summons to Life: Mediating Structures and the Prevention of Youth Crime. AEI Press, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1989 - Publication: AEI Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-black-perspectives-on-cr_4403da866580 # Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Black perspectives on crime and the criminal justice system: A symposium, sponsored by the National Urban League. G. K. Hall, 1977. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1977 - Publication: G. K. Hall - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-breaking-the-poverty-cyc_be7b4288cac5 # Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Breaking the Poverty Cycle: Private Sector Alternatives to the Welfare State. Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth Foundation, 1989. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1989 - Publication: Harrisburg, PA: Commonwealth Foundation - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-gang-mother-the-story-of_bfa9c04cb10a # Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Gang Mother: The Story of Sister Falaka Fattah. Canterbury Press, 1986. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1986 - Publication: Canterbury Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-lessons-from-the-least-o_b3a904979716 # Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Lessons From the Least of These: The Woodson Principles. Bombardier Press, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 2021 - Publication: Bombardier Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-on-the-road-to-economic_fde4a580f4c5 # On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. On the Road to Economic Freedom: An Agenda for Black Progress. Gateway Books, 1987. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1987 - Publication: Gateway Books - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today’s Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-the-triumphs-of-joseph-h_f8828e7eacbf # The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today’s Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. The Triumphs of Joseph: How Today’s Community Healers Are Reviving Our Streets and Neighborhoods. Free Press, 2007. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 2007 - Publication: Free Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-sr-youth-crime-and-urban-po_8de1a85725b3 # Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City ## Citation Woodson, Robert L., Sr. Youth Crime and Urban Policy: A View from the Inner City. AEI Press, 1987. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L., Sr - Year: 1987 - Publication: AEI Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### ‘The 1619 Project’ Hurts Blacks, - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_woodson-robert-l-the-1619-project-hurts-blac_c83f4fdf4715 # ‘The 1619 Project’ Hurts Blacks, ## Citation Woodson, Robert L. "‘The 1619 Project’ Hurts Blacks,." Wall Street Journal, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-1619-project-hurts-blacks-11567033108. ## Source Identity - Author: Woodson, Robert L - Year: 2019 - Publication: Wall Street Journal - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [1619 Project](../topics/1619-project.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Black Boy - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_wright-richard-black-boy-1945_5b300f6e4e00 # Black Boy ## Citation Wright, Richard. Black Boy. Harper & Brothers, 1945. ## Source Identity - Author: Wright, Richard - Year: 1945 - Publication: Harper & Brothers - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_yancey-george-beyond-racial-division-a-unify_185eda3130e8 # Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism ## Citation Yancey, George. Beyond Racial Division: A Unifying Alternative to Colorblindness and Antiracism. InterVarsity Press, 2022. ## Source Identity - Author: Yancey, George - Year: 2022 - Publication: InterVarsity Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [Anti-racism (see also White fragility and Wokeness)](../topics/anti-racism.md) - [Racism / structural racism / institutional racism](../topics/racism-structural-racism-institutional-racism.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. 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Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_yancey-george-one-faith-no-longer-the-transf_4b0e7a31ab2d # One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America ## Citation Yancey, George. One Faith No Longer: The Transformation of Christianity in Red and Blue America. NYU Press, 2021. ## Source Identity - Author: Yancey, George - Year: 2021 - Publication: NYU Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Ethics for Disaster - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-ethics-for-disaster-2009_6d1c6a9fc7fa # Ethics for Disaster ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Ethics for Disaster. 2009. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2009 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-inclusive-feminism-a-third-wave-t_dbfa7e7117d1 # Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality. Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2005 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Philosophy of Race: An Introduction - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-philosophy-of-race-an-introductio_0dda110d91cb # Philosophy of Race: An Introduction ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Philosophy of Race: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2018 - Publication: Palgrave Macmillan - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-progressive-anonymity-from-identi_a11c05e936c5 # Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government. Forthcoming. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: Forthcoming - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Race and Mixed Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-race-and-mixed-race-1993_04e5d029bada # Race and Mixed Race ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Race and Mixed Race. Temple University Press, 1993. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 1993 - Publication: Temple University Press - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-the-ethics-and-mores-of-race-equa_7f709fd6d9b0 # The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface ## Citation Zack, Naomi. The Ethics and Mores of Race: Equality after the History of Philosophy, with a New Preface. Rowman & Littlefield, 2011. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2011 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-the-theory-of-applicative-justice_33ee642f3f17 # The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice ## Citation Zack, Naomi. The Theory of Applicative Justice: An Empirical Pragmatic Approach to Correcting Racial Injustice. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2016 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Thinking about Race - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-thinking-about-race-1998_4fc0c295e438 # Thinking about Race ## Citation Zack, Naomi. Thinking about Race. Cengage Learning, 1998. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 1998 - Publication: Cengage Learning - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zack-naomi-white-privilege-and-black-rights_3f40aa35e920 # White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide ## Citation Zack, Naomi. White Privilege and Black Rights: The Injustice of U.S. Police Racial Profiling and Homicide. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. ## Source Identity - Author: Zack, Naomi - Year: 2015 - Publication: Rowman & Littlefield - Genre: book ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### We need to stop viewing ‘privilege’ as an insult - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zonke-sinethemba-we-need-to-stop-viewing-pri_733876688c02 # We need to stop viewing ‘privilege’ as an insult ## Citation Zonke, Sinethemba. "We need to stop viewing ‘privilege’ as an insult." Daily Maverick, 2017, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-06-15-we-need-to-stop-viewing-privilege-as-an-insult/amp/. ## Source Identity - Author: Zonke, Sinethemba - Year: 2017 - Publication: Daily Maverick - Genre: article ## Related Topics - [White Privilege](../topics/white-privilege.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zuby-strong-advice-zuby-s-guide-to-fitness-f_e315fa21ec21 # Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness ## Citation Zuby. Strong Advice: Zuby's Guide to Fitness for Everybody + Quarantine Fitness. 2020, https://gumroad.com/l/zubyfitness. ## Source Identity - Author: Zuby - Year: 2020 - Publication: Unknown - Genre: book ## Related Topics Not yet assigned. ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above. ### The Problem with Black Lives Matter - **Resource:** fbt://source/fbt_zuby-the-problem-with-black-lives-matter-202_4569bbd7b323 # The Problem with Black Lives Matter ## Citation Zuby. "The Problem with Black Lives Matter." Triggernometry, 2020, https://youtu.be/-Sk4-p_0pcU. ## Source Identity - Author: Zuby - Year: 2020 - Publication: Triggernometry - Genre: media ## Related Topics - [Black Lives Matter](../topics/black-lives-matter.md) ## Related Entities None assigned. ## Use Note This record identifies a cited work for the Commons graph. Textual claims should be grounded in the work itself and cited with the MLA citation above.